Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	New GlasgowMore information: Nova Scotia [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,316	...	...
Population, 2016¹	19,137^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,537	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,917	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	647.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	29.82	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,315	9,110	10,210
0 to 14 years	2,825	1,480	1,345
0 to 4 years	735	385	355
5 to 9 years	965	500	460
10 to 14 years	1,125	595	535
15 to 64 years	11,740	5,600	6,140
15 to 19 years	1,075	570	505
20 to 24 years	1,050	545	500
25 to 29 years	995	510	490
30 to 34 years	970	475	495
35 to 39 years	1,025	455	570
40 to 44 years	1,135	540	600
45 to 49 years	1,175	530	645
50 to 54 years	1,250	555	695
55 to 59 years	1,515	690	825
60 to 64 years	1,545	730	810
65 years and over	4,755	2,035	2,720
65 to 69 years	1,470	675	795
70 to 74 years	1,325	590	740
75 to 79 years	815	375	440
80 to 84 years	555	205	345
85 years and over	590	185	400
85 to 89 years	355	125	235
90 to 94 years	170	50	120
95 to 99 years	50	10	40
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	16.2	13.2
15 to 64 years	60.8	61.5	60.1
65 years and over	24.6	22.3	26.6
85 years and over	3.1	2.0	3.9
Average age of the population	45.2	43.3	46.9
Median age of the population	47.6	44.8	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,920	...	...
Single-detached house	5,690	...	...
Semi-detached house	605	...	...
Row house	370	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	290	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,770	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	175	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,915	...	...
1 person	3,270	...	...
2 persons	3,090	...	...
3 persons	1,275	...	...
4 persons	850	...	...
5 or more persons	430	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,010	9,005	10,010
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,490	7,635	8,860
Married or living common-law	8,425	4,185	4,240
Married	6,700	3,325	3,370
Living common-law	1,725	860	865
Living common law - Never married	1,145	565	580
Living common law - Separated	120	65	55
Living common law - Divorced	405	210	195
Living common law - Widowed	50	15	40
Not married and not living common-law	8,070	3,445	4,620
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,680	2,435	2,250
Not married and not living common law - Separated	695	270	430
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,330	475	855
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,360	270	1,090
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,435	...	...
2 persons	3,140	...	...
3 persons	1,190	...	...
4 persons	760	...	...
5 or more persons	340	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,430	...	...
Total couple families	4,130	...	...
Married couples	3,265	...	...
With children⁶	1,405	...	...
Without children	1,860	...	...
Common-law couples	865	...	...
With children⁶	360	...	...
Without children	505	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,305	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,070	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	235	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,010	9,005	10,010
Total - Persons in census families	14,710	7,185	7,520
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,255	4,115	4,140
Parents in one-parent families	1,300	235	1,065
Children⁶	5,145	2,835	2,315
In a two-parent family	3,120	1,705	1,415
In a one-parent family	2,030	1,130	900
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,300	1,815	2,485
Living alone	3,270	1,300	1,970
Living with other relatives⁷	400	170	230
Living with non-relatives only	635	345	285
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,915	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,930	...	...
Couple-family households	3,865	...	...
With children⁶	1,655	...	...
Without children	2,210	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,065	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	170	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	205	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	315	...	...
One-person households	3,270	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,190	7,525	8,665
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,630	7,230	8,400
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,650	7,245	8,410
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,965	6,110	6,850
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,000	34,400	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,140	5,020	5,125
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,800	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,340	5,915	7,420
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	12,900	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,170	1,120	1,050
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,280	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,055	1,890	2,165
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,145	7,470	8,675
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,630	7,130	8,500
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680	50,320	38,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,655	7,145	8,515
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,720	41,200	32,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,890	6,020	6,870
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,760	47,680	32,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,085	4,945	5,135
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,960	43,560	34,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,165	5,700	7,465
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,920	12,590	13,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,045	1,010	1,035
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,180	7,660	6,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,965	1,760	2,205
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,970	8,960	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,145	7,470	8,675
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,705	2,420	2,285
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	58,400	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,200	68,000	56,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,930	1,680	2,255
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,200	16,800	13,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,700	25,360	18,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.2	80.0	69.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.5	60.1	54.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.9	20.0	30.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.2	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.1	7.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.4	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,190	7,525	8,670
Without total income	560	295	270
With total income	15,630	7,225	8,400
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,325	595	730
$10,000 to $19,999	2,175	820	1,350
$20,000 to $29,999	3,065	1,250	1,820
$30,000 to $39,999	2,255	1,015	1,240
$40,000 to $49,999	2,080	940	1,145
$50,000 to $59,999	1,460	690	770
$60,000 to $69,999	945	525	425
$70,000 to $79,999	665	390	275
$80,000 to $89,999	465	255	205
$90,000 to $99,999	360	175	185
$100,000 and over	835	570	265
$100,000 to $149,999	605	405	205
$150,000 and over	225	165	60
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,190	7,525	8,670
Without after-tax income	540	280	260
With after-tax income	15,650	7,245	8,405
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,405	625	785
$10,000 to $19,999	2,270	885	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	3,545	1,480	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	2,875	1,290	1,590
$40,000 to $49,999	2,165	1,025	1,140
$50,000 to $59,999	1,325	710	615
$60,000 to $69,999	790	450	345
$70,000 to $79,999	545	290	260
$80,000 to $89,999	265	160	100
$90,000 to $99,999	130	90	35
$100,000 and over	330	235	95
$100,000 to $124,999	185	135	55
$125,000 and over	140	105	40
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,190	7,525	8,670
Without employment income	6,045	2,505	3,545
With employment income	10,140	5,020	5,120
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,805	940	865
$5,000 to $9,999	835	360	480
$10,000 to $19,999	1,315	590	720
$20,000 to $29,999	1,160	505	655
$30,000 to $39,999	1,055	450	600
$40,000 to $49,999	1,055	485	570
$50,000 to $59,999	710	375	340
$60,000 to $69,999	575	345	230
$70,000 to $79,999	420	235	180
$80,000 to $89,999	345	185	160
$90,000 to $99,999	305	145	155
$100,000 and over	560	395	160
$100,000 to $124,999	305	205	95
$125,000 and over	250	190	65
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,190	7,525	8,665
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,355	7,075	8,280
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	37,200	28,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,375	7,080	8,295
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	33,200	26,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,930	6,105	6,825
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	35,200	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,315	5,105	5,210
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	33,600	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,080	5,160	6,920
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,000	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,815	915	900
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,240	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,145	7,470	8,675
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,390	7,020	8,360
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,040	48,120	35,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,410	7,025	8,380
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,480	39,400	30,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,915	6,045	6,870
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,520	47,440	32,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,290	5,055	5,240
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,840	44,000	33,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,905	4,995	6,910
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,220	10,240	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,860	895	960
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	7,860	6,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,145	7,470	8,675
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,700	2,415	2,285
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	54,400	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,050	64,400	51,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,705	1,605	2,105
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,000	17,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,280	31,200	22,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.8	84.8	76.0
Employment income (%)	63.3	65.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)	19.2	15.2	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.1	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,920	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,270	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,650	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,895	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,255	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,640	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,920	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	280	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	200	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	765	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	425	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	415	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	490	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	470	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	475	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	850	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	685	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	630	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	460	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	440	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,185	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	800	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	520	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	540	...	...
$200,000 and over	330	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,920	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	285	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	210	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	815	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	515	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	505	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	580	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	545	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	950	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	770	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	645	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	525	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	390	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,505	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	740	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	360	...	...
$150,000 and over	405	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,415	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,220	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,795	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,235	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,905	1,645	2,260
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	32,000	30,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,600	29,400	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,420	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,240	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,750	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,245	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,880	1,645	2,235
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,680	40,920	37,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,400	34,600	32,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,010	9,000	10,010
0 to 17 years	3,480	1,850	1,635
0 to 5 years	905	470	435
18 to 64 years	11,000	5,185	5,810
65 years and over	4,530	1,965	2,565
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,580	1,520	2,060
0 to 17 years	740	390	350
0 to 5 years	260	150	115
18 to 64 years	1,725	745	975
65 years and over	1,115	390	730
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.8	16.9	20.6
0 to 17 years (%)	21.3	21.1	21.6
0 to 5 years (%)	28.6	31.6	25.6
18 to 64 years (%)	15.7	14.4	16.8
65 years and over (%)	24.6	19.7	28.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,010	9,005	10,010
0 to 17 years	3,485	1,850	1,630
0 to 5 years	910	470	435
18 to 64 years	10,995	5,190	5,810
65 years and over	4,530	1,965	2,565
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	905	445	465
0 to 17 years	170	75	95
0 to 5 years	55	25	25
18 to 64 years	685	350	335
65 years and over	55	20	40
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.8	4.9	4.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.2	5.6
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	6.0	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.7	5.8
65 years and over (%)	1.2	0.9	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,010	9,000	10,005
In bottom half of the distribution	12,565	5,810	6,760
In bottom decile	2,925	1,260	1,660
In second decile	3,010	1,375	1,635
In third decile	2,600	1,205	1,390
In fourth decile	2,240	1,100	1,145
In fifth decile	1,800	860	940
In top half of the distribution	6,440	3,195	3,250
In sixth decile	1,755	860	890
In seventh decile	1,565	785	785
In eighth decile	1,375	680	695
In ninth decile	1,080	530	545
In top decile	670	335	330
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,010	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.333	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.495	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,065	9,030	10,040
English only	18,195	8,700	9,495
French only	0	0	0
English and French	860	325	530
Neither English nor French	20	5	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,065	9,030	10,040
English	18,895	8,940	9,955
French	145	75	70
English and French	10	10	0
Neither English nor French	20	5	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,065	9,030	10,040
Single responses	18,890	8,950	9,940
Official languages	18,400	8,710	9,685
English	18,245	8,635	9,605
French	155	75	75
Non-official languages	490	235	250
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	480	230	250
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	45	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	45	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	70	45	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	130	60	70
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	55	65
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	15	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	200	90	110
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	5	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	5	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	10	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	10
German	15	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10
Afrikaans	5	5	0
Dutch	10	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	85	40	45
Indo-Aryan languages	80	40	35
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	5
Gujarati	10	5	5
Hindi	25	15	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15
Chinese languages	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	180	85	100
English and French	55	25	30
English and non-official language(s)	115	55	60
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,065	9,030	10,040
English	18,370	8,690	9,680
French	20	10	5
Non-official language	130	70	60
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	125	70	55
English and French	105	45	60
English and non-official language(s)	430	210	225
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,065	9,030	10,040
Single responses	18,960	8,985	9,980
Official languages	18,705	8,850	9,855
English	18,680	8,840	9,850
French	25	15	5
Non-official languages	255	135	120
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	255	130	120
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	35	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	35	35
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	40	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	50	50
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages	50	30	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	10
Hindi	10	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5
Chinese languages	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	105	50	55
English and French	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,065	9,030	10,040
None	18,605	8,810	9,795
English	115	50	60
French	90	40	50
Non-official language	210	100	110
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous	205	100	105
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	18,900	8,915	9,985
Official languages	18,900	8,915	9,985
English	18,895	8,910	9,985
French	735	265	470
Non-official languages	755	365	395
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15
Algonquian languages	20	10	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	15
Mi'kmaq	20	10	15
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	730	355	380
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	55	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	55	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	70	55	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	210	105	105
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	105	105
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	15	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	320	135	185
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	0	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	0	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	0	10
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	0
Irish	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	60	15	45
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	45	10	40
German	45	10	40
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	25	15	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	110	55	55
Indo-Aryan languages	100	45	50
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	15
Gujarati	15	10	10
Hindi	70	30	40
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	30	10	15
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	10	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	50	65
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10
Portuguese	10	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	95	50	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	15	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	10	15
American Sign Language	30	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10
Chinese languages	30	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,900	8,915	9,985
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	595	300	290
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	555	280	270
First Nations (North American Indian)	290	140	150
Métis	250	130	125
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	10	20
Non-Indigenous identity	18,310	8,620	9,690
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,900	8,915	9,985
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	135	55	80
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	18,770	8,860	9,900
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,895	...	...
Owner	5,485	...	...
Renter	3,415	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,895	...	...
Condominium	190	...	...
Not condominium	8,710	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,895	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...
1 bedroom	1,215	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,480	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,400	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,760	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,895	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,305	...	...
5 rooms	1,450	...	...
6 rooms	1,390	...	...
7 rooms	1,280	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,470	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,895	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,855	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,895	...	...
Suitable	8,570	...	...
Not suitable	325	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,895	...	...
1960 or before	3,870	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,560	...	...
1981 to 1990	785	...	...
1991 to 2000	695	...	...
2001 to 2005	205	...	...
2006 to 2010	320	...	...
2011 to 2015	280	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,895	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,955	...	...
Major repairs needed	940	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,895	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,345	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,320	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	230	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,895	...	...
15 to 24 years	240	...	...
25 to 34 years	995	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,150	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,445	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,890	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,825	...	...
75 to 84 years	960	...	...
85 years and over	395	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,895	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,200	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,695	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,895	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,680	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,445	...	...
Not suitable only	245	...	...
Major repairs needed only	705	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	205	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,215	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,730	...	...
In core need	610	...	...
Not in core need	8,120	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,480	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	947	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	172,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,415	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	775	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	812	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	18,900	8,920	9,985
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	140	60	75
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	140	60	75
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	95	35	65
Métis single ancestry	40	25	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	670	285	380
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	660	280	375
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	445	180	265
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	200	90	115
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	18,095	8,570	9,525
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	18,905	8,920	9,985
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,485	8,685	9,795
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,305	1,795	1,505
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	15,180	6,895	8,290
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	420	230	185
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	18,905	8,920	9,985
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,110	8,530	9,575
Immigrants⁸¹	680	325	355
Before 1980	220	90	135
1980 to 1990	50	20	35
1991 to 2000	40	20	20
2001 to 2010	95	55	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	270	150	125
2011 to 2015	70	40	30
2016 to 2021	200	110	90
Non-permanent residents⁸³	115	60	55
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	680	330	350
Under 5 years	110	35	75
5 to 14 years	90	60	35
15 to 24 years	135	75	60
25 to 44 years	300	130	170
45 years and over	40	25	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	680	330	350
Americas	120	60	60
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	85	40	40
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0
Europe	200	80	120
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	20	0	20
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	25	10	10
Poland	10	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	55	70
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	35	25	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0
Asia	310	160	155
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	165	80	90
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	10
India	35	20	15
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	205	115	95
Americas	20	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	10	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	10	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	150	80	70
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	110	55	55
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	18,900	8,915	9,985
First generation¹⁰⁰	900	425	480
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,135	510	630
Third generation or more¹⁰²	16,860	7,985	8,880
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	460	240	215
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	290	145	150
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	140	80	60
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	150	65	90
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	140	80	65
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	20	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	460	240	215
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	130	70	60
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	0	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	15	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	275	145	125
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	18,900	8,915	9,985
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,195	660	540
South Asian	130	60	70
Chinese	85	50	35
Black	560	305	250
Filipino	220	115	100
Arab	65	45	15
Latin American	35	10	25
Southeast Asian	45	25	15
West Asian	10	0	0
Korean	10	0	10
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	25	15	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	17,705	8,265	9,445
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	18,905	8,920	9,985
Canadian	2,970	1,420	1,545
English	4,070	1,785	2,285
Irish	4,240	1,925	2,320
Scottish	8,750	4,045	4,705
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,180	1,010	1,175
German	1,115	530	580
Chinese	80	45	35
Italian	235	135	100
Indian (India)	70	40	30
Ukrainian	90	35	55
Dutch	425	170	255
Polish	145	65	80
Québécois	20	10	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	430	190	240
Filipino	165	85	75
French Canadian	80	30	50
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,210	525	685
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	150	65	80
Métis	250	115	130
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	525	275	250
Russian	80	40	40
Norwegian	85	25	60
Welsh	300	125	175
Portuguese	40	10	20
American	85	55	30
Spanish	30	15	15
Swedish	30	20	10
Hungarian	30	25	0
Acadian	570	255	310
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	185	80	105
Jewish	25	15	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	80	35	45
Jamaican	10	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	25	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	10	20
Korean	15	10	10
Romanian	10	0	10
Lebanese	45	10	40
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	0	15
Danish	75	45	25
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	65	20	45
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	135	80	55
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	15	0	15
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	30	10	20
Finnish	20	20	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	85	35	50
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	195	80	115
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	20	25
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	15	15	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	10	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	0
Syrian	60	35	30
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	100	45	55
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	45	20	25
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	10
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	10	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0
Algonquin	25	10	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	20	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	545	255	285
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	15	15	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	15
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	135	85	50
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	15	15	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	35	10	25
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	10	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	55	30	25
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	10	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	15	15	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	10	0	10
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0
Maliseet	15	0	15
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	165	100	60
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	18,900	8,915	9,985
Buddhist	30	15	20
Christian	12,015	5,335	6,680
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	835	400	440
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	995	370	625
Baptist	605	295	305
Catholic	5,040	2,345	2,705
Christian Orthodox	20	10	10
Jehovah's Witness	110	60	55
Latter Day Saints	45	15	35
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	20	35
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	120	50	80
Presbyterian	1,805	770	1,040
Reformed	10	0	10
United Church	1,745	715	1,030
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	620	300	325
Hindu	30	15	15
Jewish	20	15	0
Muslim	135	85	50
Sikh	25	10	15
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	80	45	35
No religion and secular perspectives	6,570	3,400	3,170
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	18,815	8,865	9,955
Non-movers	16,360	7,695	8,665
Movers	2,455	1,170	1,290
Non-migrants	1,135	510	630
Migrants	1,320	660	660
Internal migrants	1,240	625	620
Intraprovincial migrants	775	395	375
Interprovincial migrants	470	225	240
External migrants	80	35	45
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,200	8,515	9,675
Non-movers	11,400	5,315	6,085
Movers	6,800	3,200	3,595
Non-migrants	2,035	990	1,045
Migrants	4,765	2,210	2,555
Internal migrants	4,475	2,070	2,405
Intraprovincial migrants	3,290	1,485	1,810
Interprovincial migrants	1,185	590	600
External migrants	285	145	145
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,145	7,470	8,675
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,520	1,850	1,675
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,625	5,620	7,005
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,465	4,415	5,050
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,180	705	475
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,285	3,710	4,580
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,145	7,470	8,675
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,120	1,595	1,525
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,985	2,270	2,710
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,045	3,600	4,440
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,275	2,445	2,830
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,430	1,015	415
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	785	465	320
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	645	550	95
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,565	1,335	2,230
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	280	95	185
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,765	1,160	1,610
Bachelor's degree	1,965	820	1,140
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	155	65	90
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	55	35
Master's degree	510	200	315
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	20	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,460	4,410	5,050
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,015	575	435
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,730	1,345	1,385
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,725	2,495	3,230
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,575	1,665	1,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	865	640	220
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	480	305	170
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	380	330	50
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,555	980	1,575
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	160	40	115
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,145	835	1,315
Bachelor's degree	1,545	625	915
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110	35	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	25	20
Master's degree	425	135	285
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	10	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,145	7,465	8,680
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,100	3,865	4,235
Education	695	155	540
13. Education	695	155	540
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	135	60	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	105	35	70
Humanities	365	165	205
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	95	35	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	90	35	60
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	35	30
54. History	75	45	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	725	205	520
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	20	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	195	10	190
22. Legal professions and studies	105	50	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	10
42. Psychology	160	40	120
45. Social sciences	195	80	115
Business, management and public administration	1,855	520	1,335
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200	35	170
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,650	480	1,170
Physical and life sciences and technologies	160	85	75
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	55	15	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	10	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	70	50	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	255	150	110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	220	130	90
25. Library science	20	10	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,895	1,785	105
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	200	175	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	475	440	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	430	425	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	445	440	0
48. Precision production	340	305	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	105	60	45
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	55	30	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	40	15
Health and related fields	1,255	170	1,090
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70	25	45
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,150	120	1,030
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	25	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	590	250	345
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	380	70	315
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	90	65	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	110	100	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,465	4,415	5,050
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,745	1,920	1,820
Education	485	90	400
13. Education	485	90	400
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	110	45	65
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	90	25	60
Humanities	235	120	115
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	60	25	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	55	25	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10
54. History	60	45	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	600	145	460
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	10	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	160	0	155
22. Legal professions and studies	70	30	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	130	30	100
45. Social sciences	185	65	115
Business, management and public administration	1,355	385	970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	150	25	120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,210	355	850
Physical and life sciences and technologies	105	55	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	10	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	30	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	225	125	95
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	205	125	80
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,265	1,190	75
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	125	110	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	295	265	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	295	295	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	320	320	0
48. Precision production	225	195	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	75	40	35
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	40	20	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	20	15
Health and related fields	875	130	745
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	20	35
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	795	95	700
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	395	180	215
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	240	50	190
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	60	45	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	90	80	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,465	4,415	5,050
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,745	1,920	1,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,725	2,495	3,230
Location of study inside Canada	5,395	2,335	3,060
Same as province or territory of residence	4,590	1,960	2,630
Different than province or territory of residence	805	375	435
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	325	160	170
Americas	100	45	55
United States of America	75	35	40
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	25	15	0
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	170	85	90
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	110	60	50
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	25	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15
Oceania	20	10	10
Australia	20	10	10
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,145	7,470	8,675
In the labour force	8,860	4,260	4,605
Employed	7,630	3,695	3,935
Unemployed	1,230	560	670
Not in the labour force	7,285	3,210	4,075
Participation rate	54.9	57.0	53.1
Employment rate	47.3	49.5	45.4
Unemployment rate	13.9	13.1	14.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,145	7,465	8,680
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,160	3,170	3,990
Worked	8,985	4,295	4,685
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,815	2,480	2,335
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,170	1,815	2,350
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.2	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	8,865	4,255	4,605
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	290	135	155
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	8,575	4,125	4,455
Employee	7,960	3,780	4,185
Permanent position	6,460	3,125	3,340
Temporary position	1,500	655	845
Fixed term (1 year or more)	345	145	195
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,155	510	645
Self-employed¹⁹²	610	345	270
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	8,865	4,255	4,605
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	290	135	155
All occupations¹⁹¹	8,575	4,125	4,455
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	65	40	20
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,275	375	900
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	440	340	105
3 Health occupations	945	150	795
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,135	360	775
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	160	70	90
6 Sales and service occupations	2,615	1,050	1,560
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,280	1,205	75
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	135	115	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	530	420	105
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	8,865	4,255	4,605
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	290	135	155
All industries¹⁹¹	8,575	4,125	4,455
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	105	95	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	75	10
22 Utilities	90	85	0
23 Construction	495	450	50
31-33 Manufacturing	700	530	165
41 Wholesale trade	145	105	40
44-45 Retail trade	1,855	855	1,005
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	260	225	35
51 Information and cultural industries	85	45	45
52 Finance and insurance	125	40	85
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	105	55	50
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	390	195	195
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	20	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	380	255	125
61 Educational services	590	155	435
62 Health care and social assistance	1,530	255	1,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	145	55	85
72 Accommodation and food services	595	235	365
81 Other services (except public administration)	370	175	195
91 Public administration	460	220	245
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,550	4,555	4,995
English	9,475	4,505	4,965
French	10	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	55	35	20
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,550	4,555	4,995
Single responses	9,530	4,540	4,990
Official languages	9,530	4,540	4,990
English	9,515	4,535	4,985
French	15	0	10
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	10
English and French	15	15	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,550	4,555	4,995
None	9,505	4,530	4,975
English	10	0	10
French	35	25	10
Non-official language	10	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,630	3,695	3,935
Worked at home	1,125	485	635
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	785	560	220
Usual place of work	5,720	2,645	3,075
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,720	2,645	3,075
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,970	830	1,135
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,190	1,465	1,725
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	450	265	180
Commute to a different province or territory	110	80	35
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,500	3,200	3,300
Car, truck or van	5,975	2,945	3,025
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,330	2,670	2,655
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	640	275	375
Public transit	25	10	15
Walked	320	155	165
Bicycle	10	10	0
Other method	175	75	95
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,500	3,200	3,300
Less than 15 minutes	4,115	1,805	2,310
15 to 29 minutes	1,605	845	760
30 to 44 minutes	295	220	80
45 to 59 minutes	220	145	75
60 minutes and over	265	190	70
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,500	3,200	3,300
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	480	350	130
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,215	680	535
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,800	880	920
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,415	595	820
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	585	205	385
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,005	495	510
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,550	1,880	1,675
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	160	85	75
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,395	1,795	1,600
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,760	1,465	1,295
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	125	70	55
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	30	20	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	95	50	45
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,635	1,395	1,240

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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