Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	PeterboroughMore information: Ontario [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	84,793	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	82,149^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	38,472	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	36,429	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,553.7	...	...	1,553.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	54.58	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	84,800	40,065	44,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,120	6,180	5,945	14.3	15.4	13.3
0 to 4 years	3,685	1,900	1,785	4.3	4.7	4.0
5 to 9 years	4,210	2,175	2,035	5.0	5.4	4.5
10 to 14 years	4,225	2,105	2,125	5.0	5.3	4.8
15 to 64 years	52,130	25,115	27,015	61.5	62.7	60.4
15 to 19 years	4,265	2,145	2,120	5.0	5.4	4.7
20 to 24 years	6,070	2,955	3,120	7.2	7.4	7.0
25 to 29 years	6,075	3,010	3,065	7.2	7.5	6.9
30 to 34 years	5,515	2,735	2,780	6.5	6.8	6.2
35 to 39 years	5,265	2,595	2,665	6.2	6.5	6.0
40 to 44 years	4,555	2,155	2,405	5.4	5.4	5.4
45 to 49 years	4,480	2,215	2,270	5.3	5.5	5.1
50 to 54 years	4,590	2,150	2,435	5.4	5.4	5.4
55 to 59 years	5,460	2,520	2,940	6.4	6.3	6.6
60 to 64 years	5,850	2,640	3,215	6.9	6.6	7.2
65 years and over	20,545	8,765	11,775	24.2	21.9	26.3
65 to 69 years	5,540	2,540	2,995	6.5	6.3	6.7
70 to 74 years	5,220	2,305	2,910	6.2	5.8	6.5
75 to 79 years	3,745	1,610	2,135	4.4	4.0	4.8
80 to 84 years	2,715	1,145	1,570	3.2	2.9	3.5
85 years and over	3,330	1,160	2,165	3.9	2.9	4.8
85 to 89 years	1,925	765	1,160	2.3	1.9	2.6
90 to 94 years	1,020	320	700	1.2	0.8	1.6
95 to 99 years	345	70	275	0.4	0.2	0.6
100 years and over	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	15.4	13.3	14.3	15.4	13.3
15 to 64 years	61.5	62.7	60.4	61.5	62.7	60.4
65 years and over	24.2	21.9	26.3	24.2	21.9	26.3
85 years and over	3.9	2.9	4.8	3.9	2.9	4.8
Average age of the population	44.1	42.4	45.6	44.1	42.4	45.6
Median age of the population	43.2	40.8	45.6	43.2	40.8	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,010	...	...	57.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	770	...	...	2.1	...	...
Row house	3,010	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,610	...	...	7.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,395	...	...	17.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,590	...	...	7.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,770	...	...	32.3	...	...
2 persons	12,985	...	...	35.6	...	...
3 persons	5,230	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	4,095	...	...	11.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,355	...	...	6.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	82,740	39,320	43,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	72,675	33,880	38,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	37,315	18,580	18,735	51.3	54.8	48.3
Married	28,710	14,295	14,410	39.5	42.2	37.1
Living common-law	8,605	4,285	4,320	11.8	12.6	11.1
Living common law - Never married	6,340	3,180	3,160	8.7	9.4	8.1
Living common law - Separated	470	230	235	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	1,560	760	795	2.1	2.2	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	240	110	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	35,360	15,300	20,055	48.7	45.2	51.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,850	11,320	10,530	30.1	33.4	27.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,555	1,005	1,555	3.5	3.0	4.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,485	1,925	3,560	7.5	5.7	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,465	1,060	4,410	7.5	3.1	11.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	22,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,255	...	...	57.8	...	...
3 persons	4,580	...	...	20.0	...	...
4 persons	3,625	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,460	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	22,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	18,190	...	...	79.4	...	...
Married couples	13,885	...	...	60.6	...	...
With children⁶	6,315	...	...	27.6	...	...
Without children	7,570	...	...	33.0	...	...
Common-law couples	4,300	...	...	18.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,565	...	...	6.8	...	...
Without children	2,740	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,735	...	...	20.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,840	...	...	16.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	890	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	82,740	39,320	43,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	62,575	30,470	32,100	75.6	77.5	73.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	36,380	18,140	18,235	44.0	46.1	42.0
Parents in one-parent families	4,730	895	3,840	5.7	2.3	8.8
Children⁶	21,460	11,440	10,025	25.9	29.1	23.1
In a two-parent family	14,285	7,515	6,765	17.3	19.1	15.6
In a one-parent family	7,180	3,920	3,260	8.7	10.0	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,170	8,850	11,320	24.4	22.5	26.1
Living alone	11,770	4,595	7,175	14.2	11.7	16.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,020	845	1,170	2.4	2.1	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	6,375	3,405	2,970	7.7	8.7	6.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,930	...	...	54.7	...	...
Couple-family households	16,270	...	...	44.7	...	...
With children⁶	7,045	...	...	19.3	...	...
Without children	9,230	...	...	25.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,660	...	...	10.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	875	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,310	...	...	3.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,340	...	...	6.4	...	...
One-person households	11,770	...	...	32.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	70,635	33,155	37,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,305	31,865	36,440	96.7	96.1	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,400	34,800	37,200	40,400	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,330	31,880	36,450	96.7	96.2	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,800	32,400	34,000	36,800	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,425	27,965	31,460	84.1	84.3	83.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	35,200	25,000	29,600	35,200	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,790	22,835	22,955	64.8	68.9	61.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	31,800	27,000	29,400	31,800	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,290	29,055	34,240	89.6	87.6	91.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,000	12,800	11,800	10,000	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,195	2,870	3,325	8.8	8.7	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,480	5,520	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,330	9,060	10,270	27.4	27.3	27.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	70,645	33,190	37,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,245	31,865	36,385	96.6	96.0	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	51,950	42,680	47,000	51,950	42,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,280	31,880	36,395	96.7	96.1	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	43,840	37,400	40,400	43,840	37,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,335	28,180	31,155	84.0	84.9	83.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,120	47,400	35,440	41,120	47,400	35,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,720	22,955	22,765	64.7	69.2	60.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	43,680	36,720	40,200	43,680	36,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,405	29,215	34,195	89.8	88.0	91.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,110	10,920	13,120	12,110	10,920	13,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,355	2,995	3,360	9.0	9.0	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,280	6,700	6,500	6,280	6,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,265	9,055	10,205	27.3	27.3	27.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,880	8,740	8,990	8,880	8,740	8,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	70,650	33,195	37,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,875	9,960	8,915	26.7	30.0	23.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	62,400	55,600	59,200	62,400	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	72,900	61,850	67,700	72,900	61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,175	8,650	10,525	27.1	26.1	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,200	15,800	16,400	17,200	15,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,060	25,880	22,580	24,060	25,880	22,580
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	80.8	71.2	76.0	80.8	71.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.3	60.6	53.8	57.3	60.6	53.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.9	19.3	28.9	23.9	19.3	28.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.3	7.1	6.2	5.3	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.3	4.8	5.9	5.3	4.8	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	70,640	33,150	37,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,330	1,285	1,045	3.3	3.9	2.8
With total income	68,310	31,865	36,440	96.7	96.1	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,925	2,315	2,615	7.2	7.3	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,515	4,090	5,425	13.9	12.8	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	12,280	5,020	7,260	18.0	15.8	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	10,025	4,380	5,645	14.7	13.7	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,300	3,800	4,500	12.2	11.9	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,145	2,960	3,185	9.0	9.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,440	2,140	2,300	6.5	6.7	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,310	1,745	1,565	4.8	5.5	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,305	1,260	1,045	3.4	4.0	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,830	1,025	805	2.7	3.2	2.2
$100,000 and over	5,230	3,130	2,100	7.7	9.8	5.8
$100,000 to $149,999	3,780	2,155	1,625	5.5	6.8	4.5
$150,000 and over	1,445	975	475	2.1	3.1	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	70,640	33,150	37,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,310	1,270	1,035	3.3	3.8	2.8
With after-tax income	68,330	31,880	36,450	96.7	96.2	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,210	2,400	2,815	7.6	7.5	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,860	4,235	5,630	14.4	13.3	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	13,920	5,775	8,150	20.4	18.1	22.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,615	5,250	6,360	17.0	16.5	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	8,925	4,205	4,725	13.1	13.2	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,140	2,980	3,160	9.0	9.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,210	2,180	2,030	6.2	6.8	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,640	1,435	1,205	3.9	4.5	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,270	1,185	1,090	3.3	3.7	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,150	675	480	1.7	2.1	1.3
$100,000 and over	2,380	1,580	800	3.5	5.0	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,280	835	450	1.9	2.6	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,100	745	355	1.6	2.3	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	70,640	33,150	37,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,850	10,315	14,530	35.2	31.1	38.8
With employment income	45,790	22,835	22,955	64.8	68.9	61.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,415	4,415	4,000	18.4	19.3	17.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,035	1,745	2,290	8.8	7.6	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,100	2,715	3,380	13.3	11.9	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	4,645	2,135	2,515	10.1	9.3	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,430	2,160	2,270	9.7	9.5	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	4,000	1,885	2,115	8.7	8.3	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,105	1,570	1,535	6.8	6.9	6.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,525	1,305	1,215	5.5	5.7	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,915	1,020	900	4.2	4.5	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,530	845	680	3.3	3.7	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,535	755	785	3.4	3.3	3.4
$100,000 and over	3,555	2,290	1,270	7.8	10.0	5.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,895	1,135	760	4.1	5.0	3.3
$125,000 and over	1,660	1,150	515	3.6	5.0	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	70,635	33,155	37,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,200	31,310	35,890	95.1	94.4	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	32,000	34,800	38,400	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,230	31,315	35,915	95.2	94.5	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,200	30,000	32,000	35,200	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,030	27,780	31,245	83.6	83.8	83.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	36,400	27,200	31,400	36,400	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,100	22,940	23,160	65.3	69.2	61.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	33,600	29,000	31,200	33,600	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,185	27,605	32,580	85.2	83.3	86.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	2,920	8,300	6,400	2,920	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,740	2,145	2,590	6.7	6.5	6.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,160	5,200	5,200	5,160	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	70,645	33,190	37,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,205	31,315	35,900	95.1	94.4	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560	49,760	40,000	44,560	49,760	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,230	31,315	35,915	95.2	94.4	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,200	41,840	35,040	38,200	41,840	35,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,115	27,920	31,195	83.7	84.1	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	48,120	35,720	41,560	48,120	35,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,255	23,030	23,230	65.5	69.4	62.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,600	44,720	36,520	40,600	44,720	36,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,355	27,720	32,630	85.4	83.5	87.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,890	7,730	9,880	8,890	7,730	9,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,715	2,075	2,640	6.7	6.3	7.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,470	6,030	6,820	6,470	6,030	6,820
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	70,650	33,195	37,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,720	9,875	8,845	26.5	29.7	23.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	59,200	52,000	55,200	59,200	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,400	69,700	58,350	64,400	69,700	58,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,200	8,160	10,045	25.8	24.6	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	22,400	20,000	21,200	22,400	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,760	31,720	26,320	28,760	31,720	26,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	86.2	77.6	82.0	86.2	77.6
Employment income (%)	62.7	66.2	59.1	62.7	66.2	59.1
Government transfers (%)	17.9	13.8	22.4	17.9	13.8	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,700	...	...	75,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,640	...	...	46,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,200	...	...	40,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,700	...	...	107,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...	92,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,005	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,775	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,625	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,485	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,580	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,655	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,575	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,160	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,925	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,620	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,385	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,080	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,615	...	...	31.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,115	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,645	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,715	...	...	7.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,145	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,035	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,850	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,910	...	...	5.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,675	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,840	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,855	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,825	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,615	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,245	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,925	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,615	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,205	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,835	...	...	24.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,790	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,115	...	...	5.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,925	...	...	8.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	22,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,150	8,000	10,145	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	31,600	32,400	32,000	31,600	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	29,600	30,800	30,200	29,600	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	22,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,300	...	...	108,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...	95,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,100	...	...	82,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,600	...	...	142,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,500	...	...	119,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,200	...	...	74,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,600	...	...	66,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,885	7,820	10,065	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,080	42,160	40,240	41,080	42,160	40,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,920	36,360	35,600	35,920	36,360	35,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	82,740	39,315	43,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,500	7,430	7,065	17.5	18.9	16.3
0 to 5 years	4,475	2,300	2,175	5.4	5.9	5.0
18 to 64 years	49,350	23,590	25,760	59.6	60.0	59.3
65 years and over	18,895	8,295	10,595	22.8	21.1	24.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,515	4,690	5,825	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,035	1,040	1,000	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	660	330	330	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,105	2,840	3,265	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,375	810	1,565	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.7	11.9	13.4	12.7	11.9	13.4
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	14.0	14.1	14.0	14.0	14.1
0 to 5 years (%)	14.8	14.4	15.1	14.8	14.4	15.1
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	12.0	12.7	12.4	12.0	12.7
65 years and over (%)	12.6	9.8	14.7	12.6	9.8	14.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	82,740	39,320	43,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,500	7,430	7,070	17.5	18.9	16.3
0 to 5 years	4,480	2,295	2,180	5.4	5.8	5.0
18 to 64 years	49,350	23,590	25,760	59.6	60.0	59.3
65 years and over	18,890	8,300	10,595	22.8	21.1	24.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,980	2,585	2,390	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	495	250	245	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	150	80	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,195	2,215	1,975	...	...	...
65 years and over	290	120	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.6	5.5	6.0	6.6	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	9.4	7.7	8.5	9.4	7.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	82,740	39,320	43,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,095	22,330	25,765	58.1	56.8	59.3
In bottom decile	10,875	5,140	5,735	13.1	13.1	13.2
In second decile	10,125	4,475	5,650	12.2	11.4	13.0
In third decile	9,710	4,500	5,210	11.7	11.4	12.0
In fourth decile	8,915	4,155	4,765	10.8	10.6	11.0
In fifth decile	8,470	4,060	4,410	10.2	10.3	10.2
In top half of the distribution	34,645	16,990	17,655	41.9	43.2	40.7
In sixth decile	7,990	3,840	4,150	9.7	9.8	9.6
In seventh decile	7,740	3,785	3,960	9.4	9.6	9.1
In eighth decile	6,890	3,390	3,505	8.3	8.6	8.1
In ninth decile	6,650	3,280	3,370	8.0	8.3	7.8
In top decile	5,375	2,695	2,675	6.5	6.9	6.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	82,740	...	...	82,740	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.460	...	...	0.460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	83,550	39,630	43,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	76,645	36,735	39,915	91.7	92.7	90.9
French only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,590	2,760	3,825	7.9	7.0	8.7
Neither English nor French	300	130	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	83,550	39,630	43,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	82,325	39,100	43,225	98.5	98.7	98.4
French	810	345	465	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and French	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	280	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	83,550	39,630	43,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	82,195	38,990	43,205	98.4	98.4	98.4
Official languages	76,290	36,165	40,130	91.3	91.3	91.4
English	75,435	35,805	39,635	90.3	90.3	90.2
French	850	365	495	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-official languages	5,905	2,830	3,080	7.1	7.1	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,880	2,815	3,070	7.0	7.1	7.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	490	255	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	470	255	220	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	440	240	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	105	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	210	85	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	320	140	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	85	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	335	190	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,520	1,710	1,810	4.2	4.3	4.1
Albanian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	580	255	325	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	555	250	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	295	130	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	680	265	410	0.8	0.7	0.9
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	355	135	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
German	350	135	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	270	105	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	255	100	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,335	745	590	1.6	1.9	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,095	615	475	1.3	1.6	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	295	180	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hindi	270	160	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	240	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	770	370	395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	370	175	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	475	215	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	460	210	255	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	315	140	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,360	640	715	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	355	155	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	890	435	455	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	83,550	39,630	43,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	76,745	36,375	40,370	91.9	91.8	91.9
French	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,185	600	585	1.4	1.5	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,185	600	585	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and French	900	380	520	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,220	2,045	2,180	5.1	5.2	5.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	210	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	83,550	39,630	43,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	82,535	39,145	43,390	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	79,890	37,820	42,070	95.6	95.4	95.8
English	79,665	37,720	41,945	95.4	95.2	95.5
French	225	100	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	2,650	1,325	1,325	3.2	3.3	3.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,640	1,320	1,320	3.2	3.3	3.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	325	170	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	320	165	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	310	165	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,270	655	620	1.5	1.7	1.4
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	770	420	355	0.9	1.1	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	625	345	280	0.7	0.9	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	300	140	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	295	130	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	95	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,015	490	525	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	860	425	435	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	83,550	39,630	43,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	78,875	37,420	41,460	94.4	94.4	94.4
English	1,210	590	625	1.4	1.5	1.4
French	730	305	425	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	2,100	985	1,115	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,035	955	1,080	2.4	2.4	2.5
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	195	105	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	275	145	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	82,730	39,365	43,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	82,410	39,250	43,165	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	82,405	39,250	43,155	99.6	99.7	99.5
French	6,505	2,710	3,795	7.9	6.9	8.8
Non-official languages	8,760	4,225	4,535	10.6	10.7	10.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,650	4,180	4,470	10.5	10.6	10.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	620	300	325	0.7	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	605	295	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	535	255	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345	155	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	285	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	455	205	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	410	185	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	525	295	225	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kannada	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	230	130	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Telugu	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,630	2,800	2,825	6.8	7.1	6.5
Albanian	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	685	285	400	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	670	285	385	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	425	180	240	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,010	485	525	1.2	1.2	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	655	320	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	650	320	330	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	310	145	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	270	125	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,140	1,160	980	2.6	2.9	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,840	1,030	810	2.2	2.6	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	485	270	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindi	1,140	655	485	1.4	1.7	1.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	560	345	215	0.7	0.9	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	335	165	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	140	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dari	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,685	845	840	2.0	2.1	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	345	185	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,180	600	585	1.4	1.5	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	310	145	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	165	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	150	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	615	275	335	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	555	250	305	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	420	200	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	82,735	39,365	43,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,085	1,875	2,210	4.9	4.8	5.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,875	1,765	2,105	4.7	4.5	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,675	1,255	1,420	3.2	3.2	3.3
Métis	1,160	500	660	1.4	1.3	1.5
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	78,650	37,485	41,160	95.1	95.2	94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	82,735	39,365	43,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,460	685	770	1.8	1.7	1.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	81,275	38,680	42,595	98.2	98.3	98.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,810	...	...	59.8	...	...
Renter	14,650	...	...	40.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,135	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not condominium	34,325	...	...	94.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	240	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	4,965	...	...	13.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,325	...	...	25.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,460	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,475	...	...	26.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,540	...	...	26.2	...	...
5 rooms	5,320	...	...	14.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,275	...	...	14.5	...	...
7 rooms	5,045	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,275	...	...	30.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,175	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	280	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	35,095	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,365	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,115	...	...	36.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,185	...	...	27.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,280	...	...	11.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,255	...	...	8.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,450	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,725	...	...	4.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,330	...	...	3.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,120	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,225	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,235	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,170	...	...	52.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,485	...	...	42.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,805	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,515	...	...	4.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,150	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,315	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,170	...	...	14.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,745	...	...	18.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,675	...	...	18.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,070	...	...	11.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,820	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,105	...	...	74.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,265	...	...	25.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,565	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,600	...	...	31.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,140	...	...	22.3	...	...
Not suitable only	920	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,310	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	300	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	785	...	...	2.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,860	...	...	68.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,005	...	...	14.0	...	...
Not in core need	30,665	...	...	86.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,805	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.8	...	...	54.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.6	...	...	13.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,324	...	...	1,324	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	553,000	...	...	553,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,650	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.4	...	...	16.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.2	...	...	43.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.9	...	...	27.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,203	...	...	1,203	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	82,730	39,360	43,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,525	685	835	1.8	1.7	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,460	660	800	1.8	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,210	555	655	1.5	1.4	1.5
Métis single ancestry	245	105	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,800	1,715	2,085	4.6	4.4	4.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,685	1,670	2,010	4.5	4.2	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,880	1,295	1,585	3.5	3.3	3.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	770	365	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	77,410	36,960	40,445	93.6	93.9	93.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	82,730	39,365	43,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	79,365	37,575	41,790	95.9	95.5	96.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,175	7,290	6,885	17.1	18.5	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,190	30,285	34,905	78.8	76.9	80.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,365	1,785	1,580	4.1	4.5	3.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	82,730	39,365	43,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	73,205	34,690	38,510	88.5	88.1	88.8
Immigrants⁸¹	7,990	3,805	4,185	9.7	9.7	9.7
Before 1980	3,070	1,435	1,640	3.7	3.6	3.8
1980 to 1990	870	420	455	1.1	1.1	1.0
1991 to 2000	955	410	540	1.2	1.0	1.2
2001 to 2010	1,265	575	690	1.5	1.5	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,830	960	870	2.2	2.4	2.0
2011 to 2015	625	310	310	0.8	0.8	0.7
2016 to 2021	1,205	645	555	1.5	1.6	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,540	870	670	1.9	2.2	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,990	3,805	4,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,045	545	500	13.1	14.3	11.9
5 to 14 years	1,565	740	825	19.6	19.4	19.7
15 to 24 years	1,615	770	850	20.2	20.2	20.3
25 to 44 years	3,200	1,470	1,730	40.1	38.6	41.3
45 years and over	565	280	280	7.1	7.4	6.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,990	3,805	4,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,260	635	620	15.8	16.7	14.8
Brazil	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Colombia	90	55	30	1.1	1.4	0.7
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	70	35	35	0.9	0.9	0.8
Haiti	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jamaica	105	50	50	1.3	1.3	1.2
Mexico	75	35	40	0.9	0.9	1.0
Peru	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	60	25	30	0.8	0.7	0.7
United States of America	575	265	310	7.2	7.0	7.4
Other places of birth in Americas	230	130	100	2.9	3.4	2.4
Europe	3,445	1,610	1,830	43.1	42.3	43.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
France	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Germany	285	140	140	3.6	3.7	3.3
Greece	45	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hungary	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italy	130	70	60	1.6	1.8	1.4
Netherlands	270	135	130	3.4	3.5	3.1
Poland	290	100	185	3.6	2.6	4.4
Portugal	50	20	35	0.6	0.5	0.8
Romania	50	25	25	0.6	0.7	0.6
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,740	850	885	21.8	22.3	21.1
Other places of birth in Europe	445	195	245	5.6	5.1	5.9
Africa	405	195	215	5.1	5.1	5.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	65	35	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	70	25	40	0.9	0.7	1.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	40	35	0.9	1.1	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	195	100	100	2.4	2.6	2.4
Asia	2,810	1,315	1,495	35.2	34.6	35.7
Afghanistan	135	60	70	1.7	1.6	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.5
Iraq	50	20	30	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	285	145	140	3.6	3.8	3.3
Turkey	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
China⁹⁰	310	130	175	3.9	3.4	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	15	35	0.6	0.4	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	210	90	125	2.6	2.4	3.0
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Philippines	390	180	205	4.9	4.7	4.9
Viet Nam	195	85	110	2.4	2.2	2.6
Bangladesh	50	30	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
India	565	285	275	7.1	7.5	6.6
Pakistan	160	85	75	2.0	2.2	1.8
Sri Lanka	85	40	45	1.1	1.1	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	220	105	120	2.8	2.8	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	40	30	0.8	1.1	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,205	645	555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	175	130	45	14.5	20.2	8.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	1.2	1.6	0.0
Mexico	40	25	15	3.3	3.9	2.7
United States of America	45	35	0	3.7	5.4	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	10	0.8	1.6	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	55	40	10	4.6	6.2	1.8
Europe	85	45	45	7.1	7.0	8.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.7
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	30	20	4.1	4.7	3.6
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Africa	90	30	60	7.5	4.7	10.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.8
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	15	15	2.9	2.3	2.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.7
Asia	845	440	410	70.1	68.2	73.9
Afghanistan	30	15	15	2.5	2.3	2.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	0	20	2.5	0.0	3.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	180	115	65	14.9	17.8	11.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	15	0	1.2	2.3	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.8
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10	1.2	1.6	1.8
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	20	10	2.1	3.1	1.8
Philippines	155	85	65	12.9	13.2	11.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	30	10	20	2.5	1.6	3.6
Syria⁸⁹	285	145	135	23.7	22.5	24.3
Turkey	15	10	10	1.2	1.6	1.8
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	0	25	2.1	0.0	4.5
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	10	1.2	1.6	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	82,730	39,365	43,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,155	4,980	5,180	12.3	12.7	11.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,965	5,645	6,320	14.5	14.3	14.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	60,610	28,740	31,865	73.3	73.0	73.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,920	2,370	2,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,190	1,145	1,045	44.5	48.3	41.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	980	630	350	19.9	26.6	13.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,210	515	695	24.6	21.7	27.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,580	665	915	32.1	28.1	35.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,075	515	555	21.8	21.7	21.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	45	30	1.6	1.9	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,920	2,370	2,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	285	125	160	5.8	5.3	6.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	575	330	240	11.7	13.9	9.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	130	65	60	2.6	2.7	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	360	175	190	7.3	7.4	7.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	0	45	0.9	0.0	1.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,520	1,670	1,855	71.5	70.5	72.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	82,735	39,365	43,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,675	3,905	3,775	9.3	9.9	8.7
South Asian	2,615	1,450	1,160	3.2	3.7	2.7
Chinese	815	395	420	1.0	1.0	1.0
Black	1,165	590	580	1.4	1.5	1.3
Filipino	550	255	295	0.7	0.6	0.7
Arab	470	235	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin American	405	235	170	0.5	0.6	0.4
Southeast Asian	545	245	305	0.7	0.6	0.7
West Asian	235	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	310	140	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	215	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	260	100	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	75,050	35,465	39,590	90.7	90.1	91.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	82,730	39,365	43,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,495	6,515	6,980	16.3	16.6	16.1
English	26,465	12,500	13,965	32.0	31.8	32.2
Irish	24,725	11,255	13,470	29.9	28.6	31.1
Scottish	20,355	9,510	10,845	24.6	24.2	25.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,830	3,640	4,190	9.5	9.2	9.7
German	7,250	3,415	3,835	8.8	8.7	8.8
Chinese	925	430	495	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italian	3,355	1,640	1,720	4.1	4.2	4.0
Indian (India)	1,660	965	695	2.0	2.5	1.6
Ukrainian	1,595	765	825	1.9	1.9	1.9
Dutch	4,435	2,105	2,330	5.4	5.3	5.4
Polish	2,285	1,055	1,225	2.8	2.7	2.8
Québécois	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,415	2,140	2,275	5.3	5.4	5.2
Filipino	585	250	335	0.7	0.6	0.8
French Canadian	1,145	450	695	1.4	1.1	1.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,095	1,060	1,035	2.5	2.7	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,805	810	990	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis	1,200	540	665	1.5	1.4	1.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,585	740	845	1.9	1.9	1.9
Russian	465	180	285	0.6	0.5	0.7
Norwegian	585	225	360	0.7	0.6	0.8
Welsh	2,050	900	1,155	2.5	2.3	2.7
Portuguese	550	260	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	860	405	460	1.0	1.0	1.1
Spanish	510	225	285	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	515	200	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hungarian	640	335	305	0.8	0.9	0.7
Acadian	230	95	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	260	140	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	265	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	425	190	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Punjabi	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	255	105	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	300	145	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	385	170	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jamaican	390	165	220	0.5	0.4	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	155	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	305	140	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	305	130	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	220	90	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	265	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	410	190	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	735	305	435	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sikh	115	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austrian	370	155	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belgian	280	125	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	230	135	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexican	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finnish	430	200	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sri Lankan	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	150	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	175	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	270	165	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	200	110	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Syrian	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	150	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afghan	175	65	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	570	290	280	0.7	0.7	0.6
Newfoundlander	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	535	230	305	0.6	0.6	0.7
Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	60	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	145	40	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	115	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	155	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Maltese	195	100	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	130	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovenian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	255	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sudanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	120	60	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	95	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	35	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	82,735	39,365	43,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	365	150	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	42,200	18,755	23,445	51.0	47.6	54.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,330	2,335	2,995	6.4	5.9	6.9
Anabaptist	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	4,695	1,975	2,720	5.7	5.0	6.3
Baptist	1,045	435	615	1.3	1.1	1.4
Catholic	17,135	7,930	9,210	20.7	20.1	21.2
Christian Orthodox	335	140	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	160	50	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	205	70	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	355	155	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	395	200	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,085	495	595	1.3	1.3	1.4
Presbyterian	1,395	590	805	1.7	1.5	1.9
Reformed	305	165	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
United Church	6,480	2,745	3,745	7.8	7.0	8.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,190	1,435	1,755	3.9	3.6	4.0
Hindu	1,140	670	465	1.4	1.7	1.1
Jewish	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	1,245	580	670	1.5	1.5	1.5
Sikh	350	200	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	130	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	995	380	615	1.2	1.0	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	36,050	18,440	17,605	43.6	46.8	40.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	82,070	39,025	43,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,825	34,230	37,595	87.5	87.7	87.3
Movers	10,245	4,795	5,450	12.5	12.3	12.7
Non-migrants	6,215	2,955	3,260	7.6	7.6	7.6
Migrants	4,030	1,840	2,195	4.9	4.7	5.1
Internal migrants	3,770	1,715	2,055	4.6	4.4	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	3,545	1,595	1,945	4.3	4.1	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	79,050	37,505	41,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,350	22,410	24,940	59.9	59.8	60.0
Movers	31,700	15,095	16,605	40.1	40.2	40.0
Non-migrants	14,000	6,715	7,280	17.7	17.9	17.5
Migrants	17,700	8,375	9,325	22.4	22.3	22.4
Internal migrants	15,385	7,130	8,255	19.5	19.0	19.9
Intraprovincial migrants	14,410	6,655	7,755	18.2	17.7	18.7
Interprovincial migrants	975	475	500	1.2	1.3	1.2
External migrants	2,320	1,245	1,070	2.9	3.3	2.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,650	33,190	37,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,905	6,060	5,845	16.9	18.3	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,740	27,135	31,605	83.1	81.8	84.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,450	19,755	21,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,295	2,410	1,890	10.4	12.2	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,155	17,345	19,815	89.6	87.8	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,645	33,195	37,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,665	5,420	5,245	15.1	16.3	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,725	10,870	10,855	30.8	32.7	29.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,260	16,905	21,355	54.2	50.9	57.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,970	9,725	12,245	31.1	29.3	32.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,480	2,405	1,080	4.9	7.2	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,680	1,020	665	2.4	3.1	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,800	1,385	410	2.5	4.2	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,440	6,925	10,515	24.7	20.9	28.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,050	395	655	1.5	1.2	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,290	7,180	9,110	23.1	21.6	24.3
Bachelor's degree	11,130	4,760	6,370	15.8	14.3	17.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,105	475	625	1.6	1.4	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	380	200	185	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	3,080	1,405	1,670	4.4	4.2	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	595	345	250	0.8	1.0	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,455	19,750	21,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,765	2,145	1,620	9.1	10.9	7.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,235	6,300	4,935	27.1	31.9	22.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,455	11,305	15,145	63.8	57.2	69.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,725	6,435	8,295	35.5	32.6	38.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,925	1,315	610	4.6	6.7	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	990	635	360	2.4	3.2	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	935	680	250	2.3	3.4	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,195	4,865	7,335	29.4	24.6	33.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	600	255	345	1.4	1.3	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,730	4,870	6,855	28.3	24.7	31.6
Bachelor's degree	7,990	3,280	4,710	19.3	16.6	21.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	760	295	465	1.8	1.5	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	130	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	2,290	955	1,335	5.5	4.8	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	205	195	1.0	1.0	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	70,645	33,195	37,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,385	16,290	16,095	45.8	49.1	43.0
Education	2,710	680	2,035	3.8	2.0	5.4
13. Education	2,710	680	2,035	3.8	2.0	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,280	565	710	1.8	1.7	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	150	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,095	415	680	1.6	1.3	1.8
Humanities	2,425	1,020	1,405	3.4	3.1	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	30	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	700	215	485	1.0	0.6	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	385	160	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	335	200	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	510	280	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,000	1,600	3,400	7.1	4.8	9.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	50	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	325	160	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	960	65	895	1.4	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	685	210	475	1.0	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	215	85	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
42. Psychology	940	210	735	1.3	0.6	2.0
45. Social sciences	1,715	825	895	2.4	2.5	2.4
Business, management and public administration	6,895	2,850	4,045	9.8	8.6	10.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,135	250	890	1.6	0.8	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,755	2,600	3,155	8.1	7.8	8.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,650	740	915	2.3	2.2	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	885	340	540	1.3	1.0	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300	120	185	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	345	250	95	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,360	865	495	1.9	2.6	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	990	670	320	1.4	2.0	0.9
25. Library science	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	130	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,875	5,415	465	8.3	16.3	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	130	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,150	970	180	1.6	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,805	1,635	165	2.6	4.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,235	1,195	35	1.7	3.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	905	895	10	1.3	2.7	0.0
48. Precision production	660	625	30	0.9	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,010	535	470	1.4	1.6	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	200	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	610	335	275	0.9	1.0	0.7
Health and related fields	7,220	1,260	5,960	10.2	3.8	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	565	300	275	0.8	0.9	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,480	880	5,600	9.2	2.7	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,785	1,360	1,430	3.9	4.1	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,325	325	1,000	1.9	1.0	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,090	690	405	1.5	2.1	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	345	320	25	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	41,450	19,750	21,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,000	8,445	6,555	36.2	42.8	30.2
Education	1,840	440	1,395	4.4	2.2	6.4
13. Education	1,840	440	1,395	4.4	2.2	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	870	355	520	2.1	1.8	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	70	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	780	275	495	1.9	1.4	2.3
Humanities	1,510	630	885	3.6	3.2	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	455	140	315	1.1	0.7	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	95	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	95	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	335	170	165	0.8	0.9	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,560	1,050	2,505	8.6	5.3	11.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	40	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	125	150	0.7	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	690	45	650	1.7	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	510	140	370	1.2	0.7	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	165	70	100	0.4	0.4	0.5
42. Psychology	630	105	520	1.5	0.5	2.4
45. Social sciences	1,155	525	630	2.8	2.7	2.9
Business, management and public administration	4,930	1,950	2,985	11.9	9.9	13.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	890	165	730	2.1	0.8	3.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,035	1,785	2,250	9.7	9.0	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,145	475	670	2.8	2.4	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	640	250	390	1.5	1.3	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	75	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	220	145	80	0.5	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	990	675	310	2.4	3.4	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	780	555	225	1.9	2.8	1.0
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	80	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,700	3,325	375	8.9	16.8	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	105	65	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	790	630	160	1.9	3.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,160	1,030	125	2.8	5.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	740	730	10	1.8	3.7	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540	530	10	1.3	2.7	0.0
48. Precision production	365	340	25	0.9	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	780	390	390	1.9	2.0	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	295	135	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	485	250	235	1.2	1.3	1.1
Health and related fields	4,975	945	4,030	12.0	4.8	18.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	430	210	220	1.0	1.1	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,410	675	3,735	10.6	3.4	17.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,135	1,070	1,065	5.2	5.4	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,000	270	735	2.4	1.4	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	855	530	320	2.1	2.7	1.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	270	260	15	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	41,450	19,750	21,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,000	8,445	6,555	36.2	42.8	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	26,450	11,310	15,145	63.8	57.3	69.8
Location of study inside Canada	24,140	10,165	13,975	58.2	51.5	64.4
Same as province or territory of residence	22,955	9,645	13,315	55.4	48.8	61.4
Different than province or territory of residence	1,185	525	660	2.9	2.7	3.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,310	1,140	1,170	5.6	5.8	5.4
Americas	560	265	295	1.4	1.3	1.4
United States of America	410	195	220	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexico	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombia	20	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	545	310	235	1.3	1.6	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	60	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	290	160	135	0.7	0.8	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Africa	60	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,055	505	550	2.5	2.6	2.5
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	195	85	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	500	270	230	1.2	1.4	1.1
Pakistan	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	60	30	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oceania	90	30	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australia	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	70,645	33,195	37,450	...	...	...
In the labour force	40,385	20,075	20,305	...	...	...
Employed	34,440	17,260	17,185	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,940	2,815	3,125	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,265	13,115	17,145	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.2	60.5	54.2	57.2	60.5	54.2
Employment rate	48.8	52.0	45.9	48.8	52.0	45.9
Unemployment rate	14.7	14.0	15.4	14.7	14.0	15.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	70,645	33,195	37,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,915	13,660	17,250	43.8	41.2	46.1
Worked	39,735	19,535	20,205	56.2	58.8	53.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,280	10,230	9,050	27.3	30.8	24.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,455	9,300	11,150	29.0	28.0	29.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.1	40.0	40.5	41.1	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	40,385	20,080	20,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,360	700	660	3.4	3.5	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	39,020	19,375	19,645	96.6	96.5	96.7
Employee	34,280	16,585	17,695	84.9	82.6	87.1
Permanent position	28,655	13,865	14,790	71.0	69.0	72.8
Temporary position	5,630	2,725	2,905	13.9	13.6	14.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,555	660	890	3.9	3.3	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,075	2,060	2,015	10.1	10.3	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,740	2,790	1,950	11.7	13.9	9.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	40,385	20,080	20,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,360	700	660	3.4	3.5	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	39,020	19,375	19,645	96.6	96.5	96.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	345	225	120	0.9	1.1	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,270	1,605	3,660	13.0	8.0	18.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,485	1,875	610	6.2	9.3	3.0
3 Health occupations	4,115	760	3,355	10.2	3.8	16.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,670	1,935	3,740	14.0	9.6	18.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,160	530	635	2.9	2.6	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	11,905	5,410	6,500	29.5	26.9	32.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,795	5,300	495	14.3	26.4	2.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	555	435	125	1.4	2.2	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,715	1,305	415	4.2	6.5	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	40,385	20,080	20,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,360	700	660	3.4	3.5	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	39,020	19,375	19,645	96.6	96.5	96.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	500	265	235	1.2	1.3	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	60	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	455	390	65	1.1	1.9	0.3
23 Construction	2,785	2,525	260	6.9	12.6	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	2,655	2,035	620	6.6	10.1	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,100	760	335	2.7	3.8	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	5,415	2,650	2,765	13.4	13.2	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,410	1,040	370	3.5	5.2	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	610	390	225	1.5	1.9	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,035	410	625	2.6	2.0	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	650	340	305	1.6	1.7	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,185	1,205	980	5.4	6.0	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,320	1,320	995	5.7	6.6	4.9
61 Educational services	3,710	1,225	2,480	9.2	6.1	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	7,040	1,410	5,635	17.4	7.0	27.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	975	520	455	2.4	2.6	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,820	1,285	1,540	7.0	6.4	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,635	725	915	4.0	3.6	4.5
91 Public administration	1,610	810	805	4.0	4.0	4.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	42,910	21,135	21,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	41,955	20,795	21,160	97.8	98.4	97.2
French	90	20	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	490	160	330	1.1	0.8	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	270	115	155	0.6	0.5	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	42,910	21,135	21,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,800	21,100	21,700	99.7	99.8	99.7
Official languages	42,680	21,055	21,630	99.5	99.6	99.3
English	42,510	21,015	21,500	99.1	99.4	98.7
French	170	40	130	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	100	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	85	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	42,910	21,135	21,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,215	20,875	21,340	98.4	98.8	98.0
English	125	35	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	335	125	210	0.8	0.6	1.0
Non-official language	180	65	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	160	55	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	34,440	17,260	17,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,135	3,130	4,010	20.7	18.1	23.3
Worked outside Canada	85	45	45	0.2	0.3	0.3
No fixed workplace address	4,160	3,030	1,125	12.1	17.6	6.5
Usual place of work	23,055	11,055	12,000	66.9	64.0	69.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	23,055	11,055	12,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,400	7,650	9,745	75.5	69.2	81.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,860	1,620	1,235	12.4	14.7	10.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,760	1,765	1,000	12.0	16.0	8.3
Commute to a different province or territory	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	27,215	14,090	13,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	23,155	12,115	11,050	85.1	86.0	84.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,920	11,045	9,875	76.9	78.4	75.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,240	1,065	1,170	8.2	7.6	8.9
Public transit	985	360	620	3.6	2.6	4.7
Walked	2,085	1,025	1,065	7.7	7.3	8.1
Bicycle	385	255	125	1.4	1.8	1.0
Other method	595	330	265	2.2	2.3	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	27,215	14,090	13,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,035	6,495	7,545	51.6	46.1	57.5
15 to 29 minutes	7,430	3,785	3,640	27.3	26.9	27.7
30 to 44 minutes	2,590	1,570	1,020	9.5	11.1	7.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,420	900	515	5.2	6.4	3.9
60 minutes and over	1,745	1,340	405	6.4	9.5	3.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	27,215	14,090	13,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,650	1,155	495	6.1	8.2	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,255	2,460	1,795	15.6	17.5	13.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,750	3,620	3,130	24.8	25.7	23.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,145	2,645	3,500	22.6	18.8	26.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,650	1,640	2,015	13.4	11.6	15.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,765	2,570	2,195	17.5	18.2	16.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,770	7,580	7,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	940	450	490	6.4	5.9	6.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,835	7,130	6,710	93.7	94.1	93.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,825	5,540	5,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	695	335	370	6.4	6.0	7.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	375	185	195	3.5	3.3	3.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	150	170	3.0	2.7	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,130	5,205	4,925	93.6	94.0	93.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 22, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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