Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SquamishMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	22,221	...	...
Population, 2016¹	18,902^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	17.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,288	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,623	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,005.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	22.11	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	22,215	11,220	10,995
0 to 14 years	4,130	2,105	2,030
0 to 4 years	1,340	685	655
5 to 9 years	1,415	725	690
10 to 14 years	1,375	690	685
15 to 64 years	15,465	7,880	7,585
15 to 19 years	975	530	455
20 to 24 years	905	495	410
25 to 29 years	1,615	810	805
30 to 34 years	2,210	1,075	1,135
35 to 39 years	2,395	1,185	1,210
40 to 44 years	2,115	1,070	1,035
45 to 49 years	1,825	935	890
50 to 54 years	1,345	715	635
55 to 59 years	1,130	575	555
60 to 64 years	945	485	460
65 years and over	2,615	1,240	1,380
65 to 69 years	865	405	465
70 to 74 years	685	340	345
75 to 79 years	480	250	235
80 to 84 years	305	140	165
85 years and over	280	105	175
85 to 89 years	175	75	105
90 to 94 years	75	25	45
95 to 99 years	25	5	20
100 years and over	10	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.6	18.8	18.5
15 to 64 years	69.6	70.2	69.0
65 years and over	11.8	11.1	12.6
85 years and over	1.3	0.9	1.6
Average age of the population	37.8	37.5	38.2
Median age of the population	37.6	37.6	37.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,625	...	...
Single-detached house	3,465	...	...
Semi-detached house	715	...	...
Row house	1,270	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	560	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,610	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	630	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	345	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,625	...	...
1 person	2,080	...	...
2 persons	2,885	...	...
3 persons	1,555	...	...
4 persons	1,415	...	...
5 or more persons	695	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,030	11,150	10,880
Average household size	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	18,085	9,115	8,965
Married or living common-law	11,075	5,540	5,535
Married	7,695	3,845	3,855
Living common-law	3,380	1,695	1,685
Living common law - Never married	2,860	1,450	1,410
Living common law - Separated	100	40	55
Living common law - Divorced	390	195	195
Living common law - Widowed	30	10	20
Not married and not living common-law	7,010	3,580	3,430
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,965	2,800	2,170
Not married and not living common law - Separated	450	205	245
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	965	435	530
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	635	145	495
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,145	...	...
2 persons	3,055	...	...
3 persons	1,375	...	...
4 persons	1,360	...	...
5 or more persons	360	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,150	...	...
Total couple families	5,445	...	...
Married couples	3,755	...	...
With children⁶	2,265	...	...
Without children	1,485	...	...
Common-law couples	1,685	...	...
With children⁶	550	...	...
Without children	1,140	...	...
Total one-parent families	705	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	515	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	190	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	22,030	11,150	10,880
Total - Persons in census families	17,550	8,800	8,750
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,885	5,445	5,445
Parents in one-parent families	705	190	515
Children⁶	5,965	3,165	2,795
In a two-parent family	4,910	2,610	2,300
In a one-parent family	1,050	555	500
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,480	2,345	2,130
Living alone	2,085	1,020	1,065
Living with other relatives⁷	490	210	275
Living with non-relatives only	1,910	1,115	795
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,625	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,085	...	...
Couple-family households	4,550	...	...
With children⁶	2,375	...	...
Without children	2,180	...	...
One-parent-family households	530	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	250	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	470	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	635	...	...
One-person households	2,080	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	17,895	9,045	8,855
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,515	8,850	8,670
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	57,600	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,535	8,860	8,680
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,400	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,415	8,365	8,050
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,800	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,395	7,425	6,965
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	55,200	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,495	6,185	7,310
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,300	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,890	850	1,035
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	4,840	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,245	2,485	2,760
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	17,920	9,055	8,870
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,535	8,870	8,665
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,100	71,400	52,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,545	8,875	8,670
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	57,800	45,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,405	8,410	7,995
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,100	68,300	47,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,425	7,485	6,940
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,350	67,000	46,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,510	6,260	7,250
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,060	9,340	10,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,865	845	1,020
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	6,010	7,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,215	2,535	2,680
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,690	8,400	8,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	17,920	9,055	8,865
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,110	4,085	3,020
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	76,000	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,600	88,000	70,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,940	2,795	3,140
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	28,600	21,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,160	42,240	30,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.6	90.8	83.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.0	79.2	71.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.5	9.2	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.4	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	17,895	9,045	8,850
Without total income	380	195	185
With total income	17,515	8,845	8,670
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,225	545	685
$10,000 to $19,999	1,505	630	880
$20,000 to $29,999	2,020	825	1,195
$30,000 to $39,999	2,040	910	1,135
$40,000 to $49,999	1,925	860	1,065
$50,000 to $59,999	1,745	845	900
$60,000 to $69,999	1,405	755	650
$70,000 to $79,999	1,225	665	565
$80,000 to $89,999	965	530	430
$90,000 to $99,999	825	470	360
$100,000 and over	2,635	1,830	805
$100,000 to $149,999	1,745	1,165	580
$150,000 and over	890	665	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	17,895	9,045	8,850
Without after-tax income	360	185	170
With after-tax income	17,535	8,855	8,680
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,295	570	725
$10,000 to $19,999	1,575	655	920
$20,000 to $29,999	2,350	975	1,375
$30,000 to $39,999	2,475	1,135	1,340
$40,000 to $49,999	2,260	1,065	1,195
$50,000 to $59,999	1,935	1,000	935
$60,000 to $69,999	1,545	840	700
$70,000 to $79,999	1,225	670	560
$80,000 to $89,999	855	530	325
$90,000 to $99,999	540	345	195
$100,000 and over	1,475	1,065	410
$100,000 to $124,999	775	545	235
$125,000 and over	700	525	180
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	17,895	9,045	8,850
Without employment income	3,505	1,620	1,885
With employment income	14,390	7,430	6,965
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,520	685	835
$5,000 to $9,999	975	405	570
$10,000 to $19,999	1,425	615	810
$20,000 to $29,999	1,235	510	730
$30,000 to $39,999	1,350	625	725
$40,000 to $49,999	1,235	570	660
$50,000 to $59,999	1,160	595	560
$60,000 to $69,999	1,000	540	465
$70,000 to $79,999	935	535	400
$80,000 to $89,999	785	425	360
$90,000 to $99,999	665	400	260
$100,000 and over	2,115	1,525	590
$100,000 to $124,999	920	630	295
$125,000 and over	1,190	895	295
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	17,895	9,045	8,855
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,110	8,615	8,500
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	56,400	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,150	8,620	8,530
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,230	8,240	7,990
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	54,800	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,560	7,465	7,100
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	53,200	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,250	4,250	5,995
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,520	1,940	4,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,375	570	800
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,800	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	17,920	9,055	8,870
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,150	8,640	8,510
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,150	68,400	51,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,185	8,650	8,540
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,240	55,300	43,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,230	8,295	7,935
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,950	67,600	49,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,580	7,505	7,075
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,800	65,300	47,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,190	4,195	5,995
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,310	7,140	7,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,375	590	785
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,330	5,780	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	17,920	9,055	8,865
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,965	3,990	2,970
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	73,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,700	83,100	68,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,705	2,695	3,010
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	38,000	28,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,120	49,240	37,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.8	95.0	89.8
Employment income (%)	80.2	83.0	76.6
Government transfers (%)	7.2	5.1	10.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,625	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,540	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,630	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,055	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,575	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	144,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,625	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	160	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	170	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	180	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	155	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	200	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	190	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	210	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	495	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	485	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	495	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	505	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	500	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,110	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	960	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,355	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,295	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,625	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	170	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	185	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	190	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	230	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	235	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	555	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	620	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	585	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	590	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,970	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,250	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	995	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,725	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,050	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,430	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,800	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	660	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,990	2,135	1,855
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	50,000	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	44,000	40,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,115	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,465	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,800	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	665	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,905	2,075	1,830
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,950	64,500	54,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,680	52,250	46,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	22,030	11,150	10,885
0 to 17 years	4,740	2,425	2,315
0 to 5 years	1,615	815	795
18 to 64 years	14,820	7,545	7,275
65 years and over	2,470	1,180	1,290
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,410	650	765
0 to 17 years	340	155	180
0 to 5 years	100	50	45
18 to 64 years	815	395	425
65 years and over	255	105	155
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.4	5.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	6.3	7.9
0 to 5 years (%)	6.1	6.6	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.2	5.8
65 years and over (%)	10.5	8.6	12.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	21,620	10,950	10,675
0 to 17 years	4,640	2,385	2,255
0 to 5 years	1,585	805	780
18 to 64 years	14,545	7,400	7,140
65 years and over	2,440	1,160	1,275
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	665	350	315
0 to 17 years	145	75	70
0 to 5 years	45	25	25
18 to 64 years	475	250	225
65 years and over	45	20	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.2	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.1
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.7	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	22,030	11,150	10,885
In bottom half of the distribution	8,315	4,085	4,230
In bottom decile	1,595	795	795
In second decile	1,300	595	705
In third decile	1,685	840	845
In fourth decile	1,760	875	885
In fifth decile	1,970	975	995
In top half of the distribution	13,715	7,065	6,650
In sixth decile	2,215	1,145	1,070
In seventh decile	2,450	1,245	1,205
In eighth decile	2,815	1,445	1,370
In ninth decile	3,110	1,605	1,505
In top decile	3,125	1,625	1,500
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	22,030	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.372	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	22,125	11,185	10,935
English only	19,060	9,780	9,285
French only	10	5	5
English and French	2,840	1,305	1,535
Neither English nor French	210	95	115
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	22,125	11,185	10,935
English	21,135	10,715	10,415
French	700	335	365
English and French	85	35	45
Neither English nor French	210	95	115
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	22,125	11,185	10,935
Single responses	21,480	10,870	10,610
Official languages	18,370	9,390	8,985
English	17,655	9,040	8,610
French	710	345	365
Non-official languages	3,110	1,480	1,630
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,105	1,480	1,625
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	30	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	50	25	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	315	135	180
Bikol	10	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	5
Cebuano	15	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5
Ilocano	25	10	15
Indonesian	5	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250	105	145
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,290	1,120	1,170
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	290	125	160
Baltic languages	15	5	10
Latvian	5	0	10
Lithuanian	10	5	5
Slavic languages	275	120	150
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	65	30	35
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	80	35	40
Russian	45	25	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	20
Bosnian	5	0	5
Croatian	10	5	10
Serbian	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	25	15	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5
Irish	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	380	190	190
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	255	125	135
German	240	115	125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	35	30
Afrikaans	5	5	0
Dutch	55	30	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	30
Danish	25	15	10
Icelandic	5	5	0
Norwegian	10	5	10
Swedish	20	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,150	570	580
Indo-Aryan languages	1,100	545	555
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5
Hindi	45	30	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,040	510	535
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	25	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	20	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	35	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	445	220	225
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	75	40	35
Portuguese	55	20	35
Romanian	20	5	10
Spanish	295	155	140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	120	50	70
Korean	55	30	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	60	75
Chinese languages	145	60	75
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	80	40	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	20	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	20	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	10
Hungarian	35	15	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	640	315	325
English and French	185	95	90
English and non-official language(s)	410	195	215
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	22,125	11,185	10,935
English	18,230	9,310	8,920
French	185	95	90
Non-official language	950	460	490
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	950	460	490
English and French	565	280	285
English and non-official language(s)	2,060	985	1,080
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	35	55
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	22,125	11,185	10,935
Single responses	21,600	10,930	10,665
Official languages	19,915	10,115	9,800
English	19,615	9,960	9,650
French	305	155	150
Non-official languages	1,690	815	865
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,680	815	870
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	180	85	100
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5
Indonesian	5	5	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	65	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,275	615	660
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	40	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	5	10
Russian	30	15	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	20	30
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	20
German	30	10	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5
Danish	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	945	455	485
Indo-Aryan languages	910	445	475
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5
Hindi	25	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	870	420	455
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	190	95	95
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	10
Portuguese	15	5	10
Romanian	5	5	5
Spanish	150	75	75
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	70	40	35
Korean	40	20	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	30
Chinese languages	50	30	30
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	25	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	525	255	270
English and French	100	40	60
English and non-official language(s)	410	200	205
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	22,125	11,185	10,935
None	19,835	10,095	9,735
English	750	370	385
French	365	185	180
Non-official language	970	445	525
Indigenous³⁹	25	5	25
Non-Indigenous	945	440	500
English and French	10	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	60	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	22,085	11,195	10,890
Official languages	21,875	11,085	10,785
English	21,865	11,085	10,780
French	2,885	1,350	1,535
Non-official languages	4,670	2,225	2,445
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	20	45
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	35	10	25
Halkomelem	15	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	30	10	20
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,610	2,205	2,405
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	75	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	75	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	90	65	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	375	165	210
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	10	0
Ilocano	20	0	20
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	360	155	205
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,480	1,665	1,805
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	470	185	285
Baltic languages	25	10	20
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	445	180	265
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	0	15
Czech	155	75	80
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	105	35	70
Russian	100	45	50
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	65	20	45
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0
Serbian	45	15	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	50	20	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	10
Irish	15	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	695	350	345
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	505	270	230
German	495	265	230
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	30	20	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	80	55
Afrikaans	35	25	15
Dutch	100	60	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	90	30	60
Danish	15	15	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	30	20	15
Swedish	65	10	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	50	30	20
Indo-Iranian languages	1,250	635	615
Indo-Aryan languages	1,215	620	600
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	260	135	125
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,120	560	560
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	15	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	15	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,145	530	615
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	155	75	75
Portuguese	70	25	45
Romanian	30	10	20
Spanish	930	420	505
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	240	130	105
Korean	120	50	65
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	0	20
American Sign Language	30	0	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	45	105
Chinese languages	155	45	105
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	25	50
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	25	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	105	55	50
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	95	50	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,085	11,195	10,885
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,200	580	620
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,155	570	590
First Nations (North American Indian)	880	430	455
Métis	270	135	135
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	0	20
Non-Indigenous identity	20,880	10,615	10,265
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,085	11,195	10,885
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	710	355	355
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	21,370	10,835	10,535
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,630	...	...
Owner	5,970	...	...
Renter	2,585	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,630	...	...
Condominium	2,415	...	...
Not condominium	6,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,630	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...
1 bedroom	1,165	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,890	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,335	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,630	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,855	...	...
5 rooms	1,595	...	...
6 rooms	1,275	...	...
7 rooms	975	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,935	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,630	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,435	...	...
More than one person per room	200	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,630	...	...
Suitable	8,175	...	...
Not suitable	455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,630	...	...
1960 or before	360	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,680	...	...
1981 to 1990	890	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,340	...	...
2001 to 2005	480	...	...
2006 to 2010	930	...	...
2011 to 2015	630	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,325	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,630	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,115	...	...
Major repairs needed	515	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,630	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,595	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,355	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	680	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,630	...	...
15 to 24 years	135	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,525	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,360	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,840	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,240	...	...
65 to 74 years	950	...	...
75 to 84 years	465	...	...
85 years and over	120	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,485	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,310	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,175	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,945	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,630	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,870	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,930	...	...
Not suitable only	345	...	...
Major repairs needed only	320	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,765	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,260	...	...
In core need	555	...	...
Not in core need	7,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,930	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,124	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,079,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,575	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	75	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	420	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	22,085	11,195	10,890
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	390	165	230
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	390	165	230
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	335	145	190
Métis single ancestry	50	10	40
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	915	470	450
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	900	470	435
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	690	355	335
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	110	95
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	20,775	10,565	10,210
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	22,080	11,195	10,890
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	19,815	9,970	9,855
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,545	2,300	2,245
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	15,275	7,670	7,605
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,265	1,225	1,035
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	22,080	11,195	10,890
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	17,070	8,655	8,415
Immigrants⁸¹	4,345	2,155	2,190
Before 1980	955	470	480
1980 to 1990	330	150	180
1991 to 2000	665	315	350
2001 to 2010	720	315	400
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,680	895	785
2011 to 2015	805	405	400
2016 to 2021	875	490	385
Non-permanent residents⁸³	670	380	285
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,345	2,155	2,190
Under 5 years	310	120	195
5 to 14 years	630	345	285
15 to 24 years	755	370	380
25 to 44 years	2,345	1,185	1,160
45 years and over	300	130	175
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,345	2,155	2,190
Americas	580	275	310
Brazil	40	0	35
Colombia	30	20	0
El Salvador	15	10	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0
Mexico	90	35	55
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	310	145	165
Other places of birth in Americas	80	45	35
Europe	1,925	995	930
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	20
Croatia	10	0	0
France	70	45	20
Germany	160	85	80
Greece	10	0	0
Hungary	60	30	25
Italy	60	45	10
Netherlands	90	50	40
Poland	70	25	40
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	30	15	15
Russian Federation	40	20	20
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	930	495	430
Other places of birth in Europe	355	155	200
Africa	125	75	55
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	30	25
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	20
Asia	1,385	630	755
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	20	15	0
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	65	30	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	30
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	300	125	180
Viet Nam	15	15	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	715	345	370
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	140	55	85
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	325	180	140
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	875	490	390
Americas	160	90	70
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	110	70	45
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10
Europe	370	215	150
France	25	15	10
Germany	30	15	15
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	15
Italy	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	205	135	65
Other places of birth in Europe	65	25	40
Africa	25	15	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	15	0
Asia	205	100	105
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	95	50	45
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	40	25	20
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	120	70	50
Australia	100	60	45
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	22,085	11,190	10,885
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,425	2,770	2,655
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,820	2,460	2,360
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,840	5,970	5,875
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,390	1,680	1,710
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,875	985	890
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,075	705	370
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	795	280	520
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,305	575	730
Refugees¹⁰⁸	165	100	70
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	20	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,390	1,680	1,710
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	35	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,120	590	535
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	45	50
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	315	155	160
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,795	850	945
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	22,085	11,195	10,885
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,195	1,485	1,705
South Asian	1,350	670	675
Chinese	285	75	210
Black	135	75	60
Filipino	415	175	245
Arab	55	40	15
Latin American	320	150	165
Southeast Asian	90	55	40
West Asian	45	25	15
Korean	115	50	60
Japanese	275	140	140
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	0	15
Multiple visible minorities	90	30	60
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,890	9,710	9,180
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	22,085	11,195	10,890
Canadian	2,955	1,535	1,420
English	5,695	3,045	2,645
Irish	3,755	1,835	1,920
Scottish	4,580	2,320	2,260
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,050	1,065	985
German	2,790	1,320	1,470
Chinese	275	65	210
Italian	855	420	435
Indian (India)	780	385	395
Ukrainian	925	455	465
Dutch	1,040	485	550
Polish	895	420	475
Québécois	65	40	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,435	715	720
Filipino	415	160	250
French Canadian	245	125	120
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	470	250	220
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	565	285	275
Métis	275	120	155
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	945	475	475
Russian	450	220	230
Norwegian	725	365	365
Welsh	590	240	350
Portuguese	195	85	115
American	305	145	160
Spanish	225	120	105
Swedish	595	220	375
Hungarian	370	165	205
Acadian	85	30	55
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	40	0
Jewish	150	65	90
Punjabi	330	170	165
Vietnamese	35	25	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	70	45	25
Greek	70	40	30
Jamaican	50	20	35
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	35	45
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	25	90
Korean	130	60	70
Romanian	110	25	85
Lebanese	30	15	15
Iranian	20	10	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	15	10
Danish	310	175	140
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	115	60	55
Sikh	270	125	145
Austrian	240	120	125
Belgian	95	55	35
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	30	20	0
Mexican	175	80	95
Mennonite	150	95	60
Swiss	220	90	130
Finnish	145	65	80
Sri Lankan	25	15	10
Croatian	105	55	55
Japanese	265	130	135
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	85	35	50
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	15	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	210	70	140
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	45	15	30
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	20
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	90	35	55
Colombian	60	30	25
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	270	140	140
Syrian	45	35	10
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	40	10	30
Ojibway	10	0	0
Newfoundlander	30	20	10
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	40	25	15
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0
Turkish	40	15	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	50	15	35
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	65	35	30
Slovak	95	30	60
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	65	20	45
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	10
Algonquin	15	15	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	25
South African	60	35	25
Australian	280	145	130
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	80	30	50
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	25	15	10
Macedonian	10	10	0
Slovenian	35	0	25
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	25	25
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	10	0	0
Israeli	20	10	10
Mohawk	15	0	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	10
Bulgarian	30	15	15
Albertan	10	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	15	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	20	15
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0
Cuban	20	10	10
Bosnian	30	15	15
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	25	20	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	10	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	40	20	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	15	15
British Columbian	110	65	45
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	0	20
Estonian	30	20	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	25	15	15
Jatt	60	25	35
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	10
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	15	15	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0
New Zealander	105	75	30
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	15	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	15
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	30	20	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	10	0	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	25	10	15
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	22,085	11,195	10,890
Buddhist	55	20	35
Christian	4,750	2,140	2,615
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,055	480	580
Anabaptist	35	20	15
Anglican	585	210	370
Baptist	145	50	95
Catholic	1,690	870	825
Christian Orthodox	145	55	85
Jehovah's Witness	90	40	55
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	170	80	95
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	60	25	40
Presbyterian	75	25	45
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	450	155	295
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	225	100	120
Hindu	90	55	45
Jewish	60	30	30
Muslim	105	55	50
Sikh	1,075	525	555
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	115	60	60
Other religions and spiritual traditions	225	80	145
No religion and secular perspectives	15,605	8,240	7,360
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	21,800	11,065	10,730
Non-movers	17,680	8,975	8,705
Movers	4,120	2,090	2,030
Non-migrants	1,900	1,010	890
Migrants	2,220	1,080	1,140
Internal migrants	1,980	955	1,025
Intraprovincial migrants	1,500	735	770
Interprovincial migrants	480	225	255
External migrants	235	120	115
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	20,715	10,505	10,210
Non-movers	10,200	5,160	5,045
Movers	10,510	5,345	5,160
Non-migrants	3,880	1,935	1,955
Migrants	6,625	3,420	3,210
Internal migrants	5,520	2,820	2,700
Intraprovincial migrants	3,990	2,065	1,925
Interprovincial migrants	1,530	755	775
External migrants	1,105	595	505
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,920	9,055	8,865
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,865	1,095	770
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,055	7,960	8,095
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,610	6,865	6,745
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	820	540	275
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,785	6,325	6,465
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,925	9,055	8,870
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,630	920	705
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,740	2,565	2,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,555	5,565	5,990
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,485	2,880	2,600
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,625	1,285	335
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	650	390	260
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	975	895	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,005	1,295	1,710
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	855	305	550
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,070	2,685	3,390
Bachelor's degree	4,010	1,870	2,140
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	455	135	325
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	40	60
Master's degree	1,305	545	760
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	195	95	105
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,605	6,865	6,740
No certificate, diploma or degree	655	425	225
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,100	1,740	1,355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,860	4,700	5,160
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,415	2,355	2,060
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,300	1,030	265
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	520	310	210
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	780	725	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,405	1,055	1,355
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	705	270	440
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,445	2,345	3,100
Bachelor's degree	3,650	1,675	1,975
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	400	115	280
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	20	50
Master's degree	1,150	445	705
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	90	90
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,925	9,055	8,870
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,370	3,490	2,880
Education	705	165	540
13. Education	705	165	540
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	575	265	310
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	535	230	300
Humanities	530	215	315
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	30	50
23. English language and literature/letters	105	35	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	90	110
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	10	15
54. History	50	35	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,440	490	945
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	65	155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	150	15	130
22. Legal professions and studies	195	60	130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	25
42. Psychology	210	35	180
45. Social sciences	615	305	310
Business, management and public administration	2,135	930	1,210
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	95	10	90
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,040	915	1,120
Physical and life sciences and technologies	705	285	420
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	295	100	195
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	30	105
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	245	150	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	385	245	135
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	285	200	95
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	45	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,305	2,015	290
04. Architecture and related services	130	85	45
14. Engineering	625	470	155
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	315	280	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	645	615	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	405	390	15
48. Precision production	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	450	230	220
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	160	80	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	160	135
Health and related fields	1,740	380	1,365
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	170	180
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,365	200	1,165
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	580	350	230
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	310	130	180
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	100	80	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	135	30
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,610	6,865	6,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,750	2,165	1,580
Education	500	115	385
13. Education	500	115	385
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	540	245	295
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	500	215	285
Humanities	445	180	270
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	25	45
23. English language and literature/letters	100	35	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170	65	105
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0
54. History	45	30	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,315	460	855
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	65	150
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	15	120
22. Legal professions and studies	160	50	110
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	25
42. Psychology	200	30	165
45. Social sciences	560	285	270
Business, management and public administration	1,845	795	1,055
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90	0	90
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,755	790	970
Physical and life sciences and technologies	620	250	375
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	270	95	180
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	20	90
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	220	135	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	340	215	120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	245	175	75
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	35	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,880	1,620	255
04. Architecture and related services	115	75	40
14. Engineering	575	430	145
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	230	200	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	525	510	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	300	290	15
48. Precision production	130	130	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	395	175	210
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	60	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	120	130
Health and related fields	1,475	340	1,140
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	165	160
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,130	165	965
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	505	310	195
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	280	130	150
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	100	75	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	125	100	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	13,610	6,865	6,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,750	2,165	1,580
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,855	4,700	5,160
Location of study inside Canada	7,605	3,555	4,045
Same as province or territory of residence	4,925	2,285	2,640
Different than province or territory of residence	2,680	1,275	1,405
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,255	1,140	1,115
Americas	530	230	300
United States of America	395	180	215
Mexico	55	20	35
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	25	10	25
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	15	25
Europe	945	505	440
Belgium	0	0	0
France	40	30	10
Germany	55	30	25
Netherlands	15	0	10
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	20	10	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	15	15
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	45	25	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	605	335	265
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	95	40	55
Africa	60	30	30
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	25
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0
Asia	415	180	235
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	45	15	30
Korea, South⁹²	30	20	15
Philippines	165	65	95
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	120	55	60
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	10	0
Oceania	310	195	110
Australia	235	160	75
New Zealand	70	30	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	17,920	9,055	8,870
In the labour force	13,670	7,225	6,445
Employed	12,715	6,680	6,035
Unemployed	955	545	410
Not in the labour force	4,250	1,825	2,420
Participation rate	76.3	79.8	72.7
Employment rate	71.0	73.8	68.0
Unemployment rate	7.0	7.5	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	17,925	9,055	8,870
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,275	1,820	2,455
Worked	13,645	7,235	6,415
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,355	4,255	3,105
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,290	2,980	3,315
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.8	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	13,670	7,225	6,445
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	80
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	13,530	7,165	6,370
Employee	10,845	5,615	5,230
Permanent position	9,260	4,870	4,390
Temporary position	1,585	745	840
Fixed term (1 year or more)	485	230	260
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,100	520	585
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,685	1,545	1,135
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	13,670	7,225	6,445
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	80
All occupations¹⁹¹	13,530	7,165	6,370
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	240	195	45
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,990	530	1,455
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,210	835	380
3 Health occupations	1,040	200	840
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,460	475	990
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	790	395	390
6 Sales and service occupations	3,465	1,540	1,925
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,720	2,520	195
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	315	225	95
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	305	255	50
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	13,670	7,225	6,445
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	80
All industries¹⁹¹	13,530	7,165	6,370
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	185	125	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	95	15
22 Utilities	90	65	35
23 Construction	1,620	1,475	140
31-33 Manufacturing	440	305	130
41 Wholesale trade	200	120	75
44-45 Retail trade	1,570	850	725
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	555	395	160
51 Information and cultural industries	410	250	165
52 Finance and insurance	295	125	170
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	330	140	190
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,615	810	800
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	615	350	265
61 Educational services	850	345	505
62 Health care and social assistance	1,545	250	1,300
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	445	250	190
72 Accommodation and food services	1,315	620	695
81 Other services (except public administration)	575	235	335
91 Public administration	745	345	395
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	14,480	7,600	6,880
English	13,885	7,350	6,535
French	40	0	40
Non-official language	20	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	15
English and French	235	90	150
English and non-official language(s)	280	140	135
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	14,480	7,600	6,880
Single responses	14,450	7,585	6,870
Official languages	14,385	7,545	6,835
English	14,315	7,535	6,775
French	70	10	65
Non-official languages	70	40	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	30	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	20
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	20
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	15	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	15
English and French	10	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	14,480	7,600	6,880
None	13,980	7,380	6,605
English	65	30	35
French	195	75	125
Non-official language	210	100	110
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	200	100	100
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	12,715	6,680	6,030
Worked at home	3,405	1,610	1,795
Worked outside Canada	45	20	20
No fixed workplace address	2,155	1,615	540
Usual place of work	7,105	3,430	3,680
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,105	3,435	3,675
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,525	2,010	2,515
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,000	495	510
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,520	885	635
Commute to a different province or territory	60	45	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,265	5,050	4,215
Car, truck or van	7,860	4,375	3,485
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,280	4,115	3,160
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	585	260	325
Public transit	185	65	120
Walked	520	235	290
Bicycle	410	250	155
Other method	285	120	165
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,265	5,050	4,215
Less than 15 minutes	4,465	2,115	2,350
15 to 29 minutes	1,655	855	805
30 to 44 minutes	690	455	240
45 to 59 minutes	1,225	790	440
60 minutes and over	1,220	840	385
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,265	5,050	4,215
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	600	460	140
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,605	1,055	550
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,380	1,390	990
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,225	925	1,305
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,360	560	805
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,085	670	415
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,805	2,465	2,340
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	525	280	245
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,275	2,185	2,090
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,365	1,735	1,630
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	365	195	175
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	200	115	90
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	165	80	85
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,000	1,540	1,460

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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