Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cape Breton - SydneyMore information: Nova Scotia [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	30,960	...	...
Population, 2016¹	30,170^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	15,043	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,070	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,001.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	30.91	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	30,970	14,750	16,225
0 to 14 years	4,010	2,125	1,885
0 to 4 years	1,215	645	575
5 to 9 years	1,350	730	620
10 to 14 years	1,445	750	690
15 to 64 years	19,250	9,305	9,945
15 to 19 years	1,540	805	740
20 to 24 years	2,075	1,085	990
25 to 29 years	2,315	1,250	1,070
30 to 34 years	1,850	890	955
35 to 39 years	1,630	760	870
40 to 44 years	1,580	710	865
45 to 49 years	1,680	790	890
50 to 54 years	1,920	910	1,005
55 to 59 years	2,185	1,000	1,185
60 to 64 years	2,470	1,105	1,360
65 years and over	7,710	3,315	4,390
65 to 69 years	2,265	1,055	1,210
70 to 74 years	1,990	930	1,065
75 to 79 years	1,385	595	795
80 to 84 years	1,000	425	575
85 years and over	1,070	325	745
85 to 89 years	630	215	420
90 to 94 years	320	90	235
95 to 99 years	95	20	80
100 years and over	15	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.9	14.4	11.6
15 to 64 years	62.2	63.1	61.3
65 years and over	24.9	22.5	27.1
85 years and over	3.5	2.2	4.6
Average age of the population	45.2	43.2	47.1
Median age of the population	46.4	43.2	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,070	...	...
Single-detached house	9,035	...	...
Semi-detached house	865	...	...
Row house	365	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	880	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	210	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	85	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,070	...	...
1 person	5,125	...	...
2 persons	4,865	...	...
3 persons	2,045	...	...
4 persons	1,330	...	...
5 or more persons	710	...	...
Number of persons in private households	30,210	14,495	15,715
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	26,955	12,625	14,335
Married or living common-law	12,555	6,235	6,320
Married	10,050	4,980	5,070
Living common-law	2,505	1,250	1,255
Living common law - Never married	1,825	900	925
Living common law - Separated	115	60	60
Living common law - Divorced	510	270	235
Living common law - Widowed	55	20	35
Not married and not living common-law	14,400	6,390	8,015
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,265	4,825	4,435
Not married and not living common law - Separated	960	400	565
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,980	700	1,285
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,200	470	1,735
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	8,285	...	...
2 persons	4,910	...	...
3 persons	1,850	...	...
4 persons	1,080	...	...
5 or more persons	450	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	8,290	...	...
Total couple families	6,050	...	...
Married couples	4,795	...	...
With children⁶	2,070	...	...
Without children	2,720	...	...
Common-law couples	1,255	...	...
With children⁶	465	...	...
Without children	790	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,240	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,840	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	400	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	30,210	14,495	15,715
Total - Persons in census families	22,055	10,660	11,400
Married spouses or common-law partners	12,100	6,045	6,060
Parents in one-parent families	2,240	400	1,840
Children⁶	7,725	4,220	3,505
In a two-parent family	4,270	2,280	1,990
In a one-parent family	3,450	1,935	1,515
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,150	3,840	4,315
Living alone	5,125	2,115	3,015
Living with other relatives⁷	820	340	480
Living with non-relatives only	2,205	1,380	825
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,070	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	7,340	...	...
Couple-family households	5,495	...	...
With children⁶	2,310	...	...
Without children	3,190	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,845	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	295	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	410	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	855	...	...
One-person households	5,125	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	26,200	12,370	13,830
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,220	11,835	13,380
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	34,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,220	11,840	13,380
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	31,400	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,840	9,990	10,850
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,200	26,600	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,095	7,905	8,190
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,400	26,600	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,990	9,990	12,000
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,600	13,700	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,520	2,320	2,200
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	7,350	6,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,420	3,620	3,800
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	26,190	12,355	13,835
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,205	11,800	13,410
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,840	45,400	38,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,210	11,805	13,410
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,520	37,680	33,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,925	10,065	10,860
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,840	40,040	31,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,995	7,940	8,055
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	39,200	34,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,070	9,995	12,075
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,780	13,260	14,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,545	2,375	2,170
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,760	9,780	7,660
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,330	3,475	3,860
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,000	9,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	26,190	12,355	13,835
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,795	3,280	3,510
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	52,800	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,700	63,250	56,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,885	3,425	3,465
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,500	16,800	14,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,520	24,360	18,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	71.2	75.2	67.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.8	58.1	53.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	28.9	24.8	33.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.8	4.3	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.5	6.6	8.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.5	5.8	7.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	26,205	12,375	13,830
Without total income	985	535	450
With total income	25,215	11,835	13,385
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,185	1,035	1,155
$10,000 to $19,999	3,545	1,555	1,995
$20,000 to $29,999	5,330	2,465	2,870
$30,000 to $39,999	3,890	1,815	2,075
$40,000 to $49,999	3,075	1,345	1,730
$50,000 to $59,999	2,185	960	1,220
$60,000 to $69,999	1,470	725	745
$70,000 to $79,999	920	490	425
$80,000 to $89,999	795	405	385
$90,000 to $99,999	610	305	305
$100,000 and over	1,200	735	470
$100,000 to $149,999	890	500	385
$150,000 and over	310	230	85
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	26,205	12,375	13,830
Without after-tax income	980	530	450
With after-tax income	25,225	11,840	13,385
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,270	1,055	1,220
$10,000 to $19,999	3,690	1,645	2,045
$20,000 to $29,999	6,210	2,915	3,295
$30,000 to $39,999	4,550	2,095	2,450
$40,000 to $49,999	3,340	1,470	1,865
$50,000 to $59,999	1,945	945	1,000
$60,000 to $69,999	1,250	615	635
$70,000 to $79,999	870	430	440
$80,000 to $89,999	420	235	190
$90,000 to $99,999	225	135	90
$100,000 and over	440	295	145
$100,000 to $124,999	235	150	85
$125,000 and over	210	145	60
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	26,205	12,375	13,830
Without employment income	10,100	4,465	5,640
With employment income	16,100	7,905	8,195
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,290	1,090	1,205
$5,000 to $9,999	1,605	775	835
$10,000 to $19,999	2,765	1,390	1,375
$20,000 to $29,999	2,085	1,030	1,055
$30,000 to $39,999	1,545	735	805
$40,000 to $49,999	1,420	575	850
$50,000 to $59,999	1,045	490	560
$60,000 to $69,999	850	465	390
$70,000 to $79,999	590	325	265
$80,000 to $89,999	560	255	300
$90,000 to $99,999	490	230	260
$100,000 and over	850	550	295
$100,000 to $124,999	470	275	190
$125,000 and over	380	280	105
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	26,200	12,370	13,830
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,530	11,445	13,090
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	32,800	29,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,540	11,445	13,095
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	30,000	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,670	9,865	10,805
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,800	28,600	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,315	7,955	8,365
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,600	28,200	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,915	8,830	11,085
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,100	9,800	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,290	2,220	2,070
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,850	8,700	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	26,190	12,355	13,835
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,660	11,525	13,135
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,320	43,480	35,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,665	11,525	13,140
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,240	35,960	30,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,845	10,015	10,830
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,200	40,920	31,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,375	8,075	8,300
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	39,560	33,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,125	8,955	11,170
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,690	10,190	11,090
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,310	2,280	2,025
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,890	8,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	26,190	12,355	13,835
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,770	3,260	3,510
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,600	49,600	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,250	58,850	51,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,450	3,240	3,215
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,200	17,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,080	29,760	22,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	77.8	81.8	73.6
Employment income (%)	61.5	63.7	59.1
Government transfers (%)	22.2	18.2	26.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.9	4.0	3.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,070	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,125	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,945	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,130	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,145	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,985	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,070	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	460	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	345	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,100	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	740	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	705	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	740	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	715	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	725	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,285	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,090	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	930	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	835	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	685	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,420	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,270	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	830	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	825	...	...
$200,000 and over	495	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,070	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	360	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,175	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	895	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	840	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	815	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	875	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	810	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,380	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,230	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,030	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	825	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	675	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,390	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,130	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	625	...	...
$150,000 and over	640	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	8,310	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,285	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,595	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,105	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,335	3,500	3,835
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,200	27,200	29,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,800	26,000	27,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	8,355	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,295	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,605	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,075	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,240	3,400	3,845
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,280	35,680	34,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,640	30,640	30,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	30,215	14,500	15,715
0 to 17 years	4,940	2,610	2,330
0 to 5 years	1,485	790	695
18 to 64 years	18,180	8,740	9,440
65 years and over	7,090	3,150	3,940
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,740	2,600	3,135
0 to 17 years	1,170	640	530
0 to 5 years	405	220	185
18 to 64 years	3,040	1,425	1,610
65 years and over	1,540	535	1,005
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.0	17.9	20.0
0 to 17 years (%)	23.6	24.5	22.7
0 to 5 years (%)	27.3	27.8	26.8
18 to 64 years (%)	16.7	16.3	17.0
65 years and over (%)	21.7	17.0	25.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	29,110	13,950	15,165
0 to 17 years	4,590	2,410	2,175
0 to 5 years	1,385	730	660
18 to 64 years	17,520	8,420	9,100
65 years and over	7,005	3,120	3,890
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,420	1,300	1,120
0 to 17 years	360	180	175
0 to 5 years	125	70	60
18 to 64 years	1,950	1,065	885
65 years and over	110	45	65
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.3	9.3	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.7	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	9.2	8.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	12.7	9.7
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	30,215	14,500	15,715
In bottom half of the distribution	20,315	9,605	10,710
In bottom decile	5,605	2,740	2,860
In second decile	4,555	2,110	2,440
In third decile	3,875	1,795	2,080
In fourth decile	3,330	1,560	1,770
In fifth decile	2,955	1,400	1,555
In top half of the distribution	9,895	4,890	5,005
In sixth decile	2,590	1,250	1,345
In seventh decile	2,505	1,230	1,275
In eighth decile	2,100	1,050	1,050
In ninth decile	1,625	815	810
In top decile	1,075	540	535
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	30,210	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.325	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.492	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	30,375	14,540	15,830
English only	28,555	13,765	14,795
French only	10	5	5
English and French	1,750	745	1,005
Neither English nor French	65	35	30
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	30,375	14,540	15,830
English	29,980	14,365	15,615
French	300	130	165
English and French	35	20	20
Neither English nor French	55	30	25
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	30,375	14,540	15,830
Single responses	29,740	14,205	15,535
Official languages	27,585	12,990	14,595
English	27,260	12,850	14,410
French	325	145	185
Non-official languages	2,155	1,215	945
Indigenous languages³⁹	185	85	100
Algonquian languages	180	85	100
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	180	85	95
Mi'kmaq	180	85	90
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,975	1,130	845
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	40	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	40	25
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	55	35	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	20	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	125	65	65
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	60	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	395	260	135
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	365	245	120
Tamil	5	0	5
Telugu	25	10	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	970	560	410
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	30
Baltic languages	5	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0
Slavic languages	50	20	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10
Russian	10	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	10	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	10
German	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	15
Afrikaans	5	0	0
Dutch	15	5	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	790	475	310
Indo-Aryan languages	765	465	295
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	20	5
Gujarati	75	45	25
Hindi	135	90	45
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	460	270	190
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5
Urdu	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	30	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	10
Portuguese	10	5	0
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	30	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	15	5	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	320	165	150
Chinese languages	320	165	150
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	280	150	130
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	630	340	295
English and French	115	50	70
English and non-official language(s)	485	270	210
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	30,375	14,540	15,830
English	27,575	13,010	14,565
French	85	40	40
Non-official language	565	320	240
Indigenous³⁹	25	15	15
Non-Indigenous	535	310	230
English and French	270	120	150
English and non-official language(s)	1,785	1,010	780
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	30,375	14,540	15,830
Single responses	29,925	14,270	15,660
Official languages	28,660	13,535	15,120
English	28,555	13,490	15,065
French	105	50	55
Non-official languages	1,265	730	540
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	35	35
Algonquian languages	65	35	30
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	65	35	30
Mi'kmaq	65	30	30
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,200	695	505
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	45	40
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	45	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	250	165	85
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	235	160	75
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	10	5	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	535	305	225
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	495	290	200
Indo-Aryan languages	470	280	190
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	15	5
Gujarati	25	15	15
Hindi	60	35	25
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	320	195	125
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5
Urdu	40	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0
Portuguese	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	20	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5
Korean	10	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	235	130	105
Chinese languages	235	130	105
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	220	125	95
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	445	280	175
English and French	40	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	385	250	145
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	30,375	14,545	15,830
None	28,540	13,570	14,970
English	560	320	240
French	215	90	130
Non-official language	785	395	390
Indigenous³⁹	185	85	105
Non-Indigenous	600	310	285
English and French	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	120	70	45
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	125	75	50
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	30,235	14,505	15,730
Official languages	30,145	14,465	15,685
English	30,125	14,450	15,675
French	1,825	830	1,000
Non-official languages	3,270	1,750	1,515
Indigenous languages³⁹	445	220	220
Algonquian languages	445	220	220
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	440	220	220
Mi'kmaq	435	215	215
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	10	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,840	1,540	1,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	90	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	120	85	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	110	80	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	30	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	85	30	60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	250	130	130
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250	125	120
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	530	320	210
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	455	285	170
Tamil	70	50	15
Telugu	65	35	30
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,515	850	665
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	10	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	0	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	0	15
Russian	10	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	50	25	30
Irish	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	25	0	15
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Germanic languages	75	35	35
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	55	30	25
German	55	30	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0
Danish	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	45	20	20
Indo-Iranian languages	1,150	670	475
Indo-Aryan languages	1,125	660	465
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	35	25	15
Gujarati	100	60	35
Hindi	850	515	335
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	615	360	255
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	90	35	50
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	15	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	15	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	100	80
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	70	45	25
Portuguese	15	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	105	55	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	20
American Sign Language	15	0	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	415	220	195
Chinese languages	405	215	190
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	380	205	175
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	30,235	14,505	15,730
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,995	995	1,000
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,960	970	985
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,610	835	775
Métis	350	145	205
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	15	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	10	15
Non-Indigenous identity	28,240	13,510	14,730
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	30,235	14,505	15,730
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,390	730	660
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	28,850	13,775	15,075
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,130	...	...
Owner	8,015	...	...
Renter	5,785	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	325	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,130	...	...
Condominium	285	...	...
Not condominium	13,845	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,130	...	...
No bedrooms	75	...	...
1 bedroom	1,995	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,845	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,310	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,905	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,130	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,945	...	...
5 rooms	2,280	...	...
6 rooms	2,265	...	...
7 rooms	1,900	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,740	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,130	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,980	...	...
More than one person per room	145	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,130	...	...
Suitable	13,495	...	...
Not suitable	635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,130	...	...
1960 or before	5,690	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,330	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,480	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,025	...	...
2001 to 2005	360	...	...
2006 to 2010	400	...	...
2011 to 2015	395	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,130	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,930	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,200	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,130	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,420	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,055	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	655	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,130	...	...
15 to 24 years	555	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,900	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,795	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,045	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,860	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,805	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,550	...	...
85 years and over	620	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,715	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,840	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,875	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,595	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,130	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,230	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,460	...	...
Not suitable only	490	...	...
Major repairs needed only	820	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	320	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,895	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	13,430	...	...
In core need	1,345	...	...
Not in core need	12,085	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,965	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	971	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	180,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	196,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,760	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	887	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	325	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	9.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	420	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	30,240	14,500	15,735
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,260	645	615
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,255	645	605
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,205	620	585
Métis single ancestry	45	25	20
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,135	520	610
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,105	510	595
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	835	385	445
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	120	145
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	27,840	13,335	14,505
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	30,240	14,505	15,735
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	27,915	13,190	14,730
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,790	2,560	2,230
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	23,125	10,630	12,490
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,325	1,310	1,005
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	30,240	14,505	15,735
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	27,310	12,865	14,440
Immigrants⁸¹	1,105	585	515
Before 1980	275	150	125
1980 to 1990	60	30	35
1991 to 2000	90	40	45
2001 to 2010	195	85	110
2011 to 2021⁸²	480	285	195
2011 to 2015	180	100	80
2016 to 2021	305	185	115
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,825	1,045	780
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,105	590	515
Under 5 years	135	75	55
5 to 14 years	170	100	70
15 to 24 years	205	100	105
25 to 44 years	535	280	260
45 years and over	50	30	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,105	590	515
Americas	200	120	75
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0
United States of America	140	90	45
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	10
Europe	275	120	155
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	15	0	10
Greece	10	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	20	15	10
Netherlands	10	10	0
Poland	15	0	15
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	60	70
Other places of birth in Europe	55	20	30
Africa	100	70	35
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	10	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	30	15
Asia	530	275	250
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	120	55	60
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	175	90	80
Viet Nam	25	10	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	80	45	35
Pakistan	45	25	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	30	30
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	300	185	120
Americas	30	20	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	15	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	30	20	10
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	30	15	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	220	135	80
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	45	25	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	55	40	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	80	50	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	30,235	14,505	15,730
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,115	1,730	1,385
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,755	845	910
Third generation or more¹⁰²	25,370	11,930	13,440
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	830	440	385
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	555	310	245
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	265	170	95
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	290	135	150
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	210	100	115
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	30	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	830	440	385
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	190	105	80
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	75	40	35
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	90	55	40
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	450	225	225
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	30,235	14,505	15,730
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,405	1,855	1,545
South Asian	1,575	910	660
Chinese	490	265	230
Black	660	355	305
Filipino	295	145	155
Arab	110	65	45
Latin American	45	15	30
Southeast Asian	95	30	65
West Asian	35	20	15
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	10
Multiple visible minorities	50	25	25
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	26,830	12,645	14,185
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	30,235	14,505	15,735
Canadian	3,870	1,855	2,010
English	5,905	2,700	3,210
Irish	7,125	3,300	3,830
Scottish	11,470	5,285	6,185
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,445	2,120	2,330
German	1,030	485	550
Chinese	445	225	220
Italian	1,150	530	620
Indian (India)	1,060	590	470
Ukrainian	535	245	290
Dutch	375	175	200
Polish	835	395	435
Québécois	15	15	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	360	185	175
Filipino	245	120	125
French Canadian	80	35	45
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,210	585	625
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	475	245	225
Métis	345	155	190
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	725	380	345
Russian	60	35	25
Norwegian	135	40	90
Welsh	495	205	290
Portuguese	45	25	20
American	50	20	35
Spanish	105	50	55
Swedish	105	30	70
Hungarian	170	100	70
Acadian	790	345	450
Pakistani	70	40	30
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	200	120	75
Jewish	65	30	30
Punjabi	150	110	40
Vietnamese	80	25	50
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	20	0
Greek	130	65	65
Jamaican	20	15	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	235	135	100
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	10	30
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	50	30	15
Lebanese	510	290	215
Iranian	20	0	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	135	60	75
Danish	85	20	65
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	360	165	195
Sikh	135	100	35
Austrian	60	40	20
Belgian	125	55	70
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	145	85	60
Mexican	15	0	10
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	25	0	20
Finnish	40	10	25
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	30	10	20
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	15	30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,180	585	595
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	30	25
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	35	20	15
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	20	0	15
Colombian	20	0	20
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	25	0	15
Syrian	60	40	20
Guyanese	15	0	15
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	55	40
Serbian	10	0	0
Ojibway	45	10	35
Newfoundlander	390	200	190
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	10	25
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	10
Bangladeshi	25	15	10
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	10
Nigerian	10	0	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	25	0	15
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	20	30
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	10	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	10	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	20	30
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	25	20
Lithuanian	45	20	20
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	460	200	260
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	35	15	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	15
New Brunswicker	10	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	125	65	60
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	40	25	15
African American	40	15	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	10	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	30	25	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	10	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	10
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	115	45	70
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	15	0	15
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	20	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	1,095	535	560
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	85	50	30
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	10	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	30	10	20
Maliseet	45	20	25
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	80	35	45
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	30,235	14,505	15,730
Buddhist	60	25	40
Christian	20,775	9,440	11,335
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,015	520	495
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	1,500	710	790
Baptist	240	85	160
Catholic	13,875	6,320	7,555
Christian Orthodox	150	65	85
Jehovah's Witness	70	30	40
Latter Day Saints	25	0	20
Lutheran	20	0	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	165	55	115
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	100	35	60
Presbyterian	705	320	385
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	1,730	730	1,005
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,185	565	615
Hindu	605	365	240
Jewish	55	30	25
Muslim	330	195	140
Sikh	410	230	185
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	30	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	205	75	130
No religion and secular perspectives	7,740	4,115	3,625
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	29,970	14,370	15,595
Non-movers	26,060	12,380	13,680
Movers	3,910	1,990	1,915
Non-migrants	2,730	1,385	1,350
Migrants	1,180	605	570
Internal migrants	880	445	440
Intraprovincial migrants	345	155	185
Interprovincial migrants	540	290	250
External migrants	300	160	135
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	28,990	13,820	15,170
Non-movers	18,945	8,930	10,010
Movers	10,045	4,885	5,160
Non-migrants	6,015	2,730	3,275
Migrants	4,030	2,150	1,880
Internal migrants	2,090	1,055	1,030
Intraprovincial migrants	970	495	485
Interprovincial migrants	1,115	565	555
External migrants	1,945	1,095	845
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,190	12,355	13,835
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,565	2,330	2,235
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,630	10,030	11,605
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,515	7,270	8,240
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,475	785	690
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,040	6,490	7,555
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,190	12,355	13,835
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,000	1,965	2,035
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,455	3,500	3,955
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,735	6,890	7,845
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,395	3,915	4,480
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,270	1,730	540
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,260	815	440
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,010	915	95
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,145	1,775	3,375
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	980	410	570
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,340	2,975	3,365
Bachelor's degree	4,150	1,950	2,200
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	765	380	385
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	130	70
Master's degree	1,070	430	645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	95	55
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,510	7,275	8,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,250	640	610
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,030	1,960	2,070
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,235	4,670	5,560
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,525	2,575	2,955
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,395	1,085	310
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	795	540	255
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	600	545	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,545	1,235	2,315
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	585	255	325
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,710	2,100	2,610
Bachelor's degree	3,090	1,405	1,690
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	550	275	280
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160	95	70
Master's degree	800	280	520
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	50	50
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	26,195	12,355	13,840
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,455	5,465	5,995
Education	1,245	355	890
13. Education	1,245	355	890
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	220	125	95
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	40	0
50. Visual and performing arts	175	85	90
Humanities	535	265	275
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	10	15
23. English language and literature/letters	95	35	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	180	95	90
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	10
54. History	115	60	55
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,465	490	975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	170	70	95
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	415	85	330
22. Legal professions and studies	240	105	135
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	10	0
42. Psychology	285	90	200
45. Social sciences	330	125	205
Business, management and public administration	3,320	1,140	2,185
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	270	75	195
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,050	1,065	1,985
Physical and life sciences and technologies	490	235	260
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195	90	110
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	60	80
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10
40. Physical sciences	110	75	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	420	250	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	365	235	130
25. Library science	30	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	15	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,075	2,825	255
04. Architecture and related services	25	25	0
14. Engineering	665	555	110
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	685	610	80
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	825	805	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	545	520	30
48. Precision production	320	310	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140	55	85
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	70	25	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	30	35
Health and related fields	2,710	490	2,215
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70	45	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,560	395	2,165
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	55	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,115	665	450
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	610	215	395
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	165	130	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	330	310	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,515	7,270	8,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,275	2,595	2,680
Education	750	215	530
13. Education	750	215	530
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	185	105	80
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	160	85	80
Humanities	355	130	220
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	60	10	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	135	60	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0
54. History	85	40	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,170	365	805
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	65	80
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	310	55	255
22. Legal professions and studies	190	70	115
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	230	65	170
45. Social sciences	265	85	185
Business, management and public administration	2,235	720	1,520
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	160	30	130
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,075	690	1,390
Physical and life sciences and technologies	330	160	170
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	75	75
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	25	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	10
40. Physical sciences	70	55	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	350	220	130
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	320	220	105
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,050	1,865	180
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0
14. Engineering	525	435	85
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	385	330	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	575	560	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	370	350	20
48. Precision production	185	180	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85	35	50
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	50	15	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	20	20
Health and related fields	1,890	345	1,545
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	30	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,795	290	1,505
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	835	505	330
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	430	150	280
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	130	95	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	260	245	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,515	7,270	8,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,275	2,595	2,680
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,235	4,675	5,565
Location of study inside Canada	9,245	4,135	5,115
Same as province or territory of residence	7,965	3,485	4,480
Different than province or territory of residence	1,280	645	635
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	990	540	450
Americas	110	60	55
United States of America	105	55	55
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	110	55	50
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	15	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	35	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	25	20	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	725	395	335
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	95	45	50
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	130	65	70
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	435	260	175
Pakistan	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	10	0
Oceania	20	10	10
Australia	20	10	10
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	26,190	12,355	13,835
In the labour force	14,450	7,245	7,205
Employed	11,740	5,735	6,005
Unemployed	2,710	1,510	1,205
Not in the labour force	11,740	5,110	6,630
Participation rate	55.2	58.6	52.1
Employment rate	44.8	46.4	43.4
Unemployment rate	18.8	20.8	16.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	26,195	12,355	13,840
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,860	5,315	6,545
Worked	14,330	7,040	7,290
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,020	3,385	3,635
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,315	3,655	3,660
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.2	38.7	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	14,455	7,245	7,210
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	555	350	200
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	13,900	6,900	7,005
Employee	12,905	6,245	6,655
Permanent position	9,740	4,640	5,100
Temporary position	3,165	1,610	1,555
Fixed term (1 year or more)	655	290	370
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,510	1,320	1,190
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,000	650	350
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	14,455	7,245	7,210
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	555	350	200
All occupations¹⁹¹	13,900	6,900	7,005
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	80	45	35
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,175	610	1,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	550	445	100
3 Health occupations	1,610	360	1,250
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,995	710	1,290
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	325	140	190
6 Sales and service occupations	4,875	2,475	2,395
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,800	1,675	130
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	245	230	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	250	215	35
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	14,455	7,245	7,210
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	555	350	200
All industries¹⁹¹	13,900	6,900	7,005
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	155	135	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	95	95	0
22 Utilities	80	65	15
23 Construction	765	675	95
31-33 Manufacturing	405	345	55
41 Wholesale trade	175	155	20
44-45 Retail trade	1,915	910	1,005
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	510	410	100
51 Information and cultural industries	160	85	80
52 Finance and insurance	265	105	165
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	105	75	30
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	580	330	250
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,135	650	485
61 Educational services	1,125	400	720
62 Health care and social assistance	2,610	625	1,990
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	340	170	170
72 Accommodation and food services	1,430	825	605
81 Other services (except public administration)	570	265	310
91 Public administration	1,470	595	875
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	15,675	7,780	7,900
English	15,085	7,500	7,585
French	80	30	50
Non-official language	15	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0
English and French	235	90	145
English and non-official language(s)	260	155	105
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	15,675	7,780	7,900
Single responses	15,595	7,745	7,850
Official languages	15,555	7,725	7,830
English	15,440	7,685	7,755
French	115	40	75
Non-official languages	35	15	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10
Algonquian languages	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	0	10
Mi'kmaq	15	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	85	35	50
English and French	45	20	25
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	15,675	7,780	7,900
None	15,250	7,565	7,680
English	60	20	35
French	155	60	100
Non-official language	175	100	75
Indigenous³⁹	50	20	25
Non-Indigenous	125	80	45
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	30	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,745	5,735	6,005
Worked at home	1,685	630	1,055
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	1,325	950	375
Usual place of work	8,720	4,145	4,575
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,725	4,145	4,580
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,935	3,780	4,155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	210	100	110
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	190	80	110
Commute to a different province or territory	395	195	205
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,050	5,095	4,950
Car, truck or van	8,930	4,540	4,390
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,855	4,145	3,710
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,080	395	680
Public transit	295	180	120
Walked	505	215	290
Bicycle	40	40	0
Other method	270	125	145
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,050	5,095	4,950
Less than 15 minutes	6,420	3,045	3,375
15 to 29 minutes	2,560	1,405	1,155
30 to 44 minutes	665	400	260
45 to 59 minutes	150	90	60
60 minutes and over	255	160	95
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,050	5,095	4,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	370	270	105
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,525	875	650
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,490	1,260	1,230
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,780	1,240	1,535
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,305	625	680
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,580	835	745
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,040	2,670	2,370
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	410	210	205
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,630	2,460	2,170
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,715	1,965	1,755
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	325	160	170
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	245	115	135
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80	45	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,390	1,805	1,585

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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