Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Trois-RivièresMore information: Quebec [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	128,057	...	...
Population, 2016¹	124,158^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	65,496	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	62,077	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,299.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	98.58	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	128,050	61,770	66,285
0 to 14 years	17,755	9,110	8,645
0 to 4 years	5,470	2,770	2,695
5 to 9 years	6,000	3,090	2,910
10 to 14 years	6,285	3,250	3,035
15 to 64 years	76,015	37,775	38,235
15 to 19 years	6,015	3,065	2,955
20 to 24 years	7,640	3,825	3,815
25 to 29 years	7,875	4,080	3,795
30 to 34 years	6,995	3,565	3,430
35 to 39 years	7,195	3,655	3,540
40 to 44 years	7,495	3,780	3,715
45 to 49 years	6,435	3,185	3,245
50 to 54 years	6,875	3,355	3,520
55 to 59 years	9,095	4,330	4,760
60 to 64 years	10,390	4,935	5,450
65 years and over	34,285	14,880	19,400
65 to 69 years	9,685	4,580	5,100
70 to 74 years	8,610	4,000	4,610
75 to 79 years	6,640	2,920	3,715
80 to 84 years	4,465	1,805	2,665
85 years and over	4,885	1,575	3,310
85 to 89 years	2,875	1,010	1,865
90 to 94 years	1,575	490	1,085
95 to 99 years	385	70	310
100 years and over	50	10	45
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	14.7	13.0
15 to 64 years	59.4	61.2	57.7
65 years and over	26.8	24.1	29.3
85 years and over	3.8	2.5	5.0
Average age of the population	45.9	44.3	47.5
Median age of the population	47.2	44.8	50.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	62,080	...	...
Single-detached house	24,010	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,540	...	...
Row house	1,790	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,790	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,435	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	275	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	135	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	62,075	...	...
1 person	26,290	...	...
2 persons	21,980	...	...
3 persons	6,315	...	...
4 persons	5,095	...	...
5 or more persons	2,395	...	...
Number of persons in private households	122,645	59,945	62,705
Average household size	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	110,300	52,660	57,635
Married or living common-law	57,040	28,535	28,505
Married	28,890	14,490	14,405
Living common-law	28,145	14,045	14,105
Living common law - Never married	22,415	11,105	11,310
Living common law - Separated	280	145	140
Living common law - Divorced	4,825	2,510	2,315
Living common law - Widowed	625	290	340
Not married and not living common-law	53,260	24,125	29,135
Not married and not living common law - Never married	35,095	18,390	16,700
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,365	595	770
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,165	3,405	5,765
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,635	1,730	5,900
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,645	...	...
2 persons	20,895	...	...
3 persons	5,810	...	...
4 persons	4,900	...	...
5 or more persons	2,045	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,650	...	...
Total couple families	27,810	...	...
Married couples	13,740	...	...
With children⁶	4,125	...	...
Without children	9,615	...	...
Common-law couples	14,070	...	...
With children⁶	6,420	...	...
Without children	7,645	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,835	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,285	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,555	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	122,645	59,945	62,705
Total - Persons in census families	89,820	44,430	45,390
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,620	27,770	27,850
Parents in one-parent families	5,840	1,550	4,285
Children⁶	28,360	15,110	13,255
In a two-parent family	19,650	10,355	9,295
In a one-parent family	8,715	4,755	3,960
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	32,825	15,510	17,315
Living alone	26,290	12,030	14,265
Living with other relatives⁷	2,140	955	1,185
Living with non-relatives only	4,400	2,530	1,865
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	62,075	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,120	...	...
Couple-family households	26,880	...	...
With children⁶	10,165	...	...
Without children	16,710	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,245	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	395	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	850	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,345	...	...
One-person households	26,290	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	104,915	50,845	54,070
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,740	49,780	52,960
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,780	49,805	52,975
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,450	44,990	45,455
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	35,600	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,860	35,170	32,690
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,000	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,355	41,035	47,320
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,500	11,700	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,615	6,710	5,905
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,295	14,255	13,045
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	104,810	50,720	54,095
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,755	49,710	53,045
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,750	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,800	49,735	53,070
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,680	42,560	35,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,470	44,835	45,630
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,920	46,400	33,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,895	35,010	32,880
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,360	45,720	36,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,145	41,005	47,145
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,770	11,990	13,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,920	6,830	6,090
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,580	6,120	7,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,045	14,055	12,990
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,940	7,730	8,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	104,815	50,720	54,095
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,020	16,550	14,470
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	59,200	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,700	68,300	56,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,820	13,765	15,055
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,600	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,360	29,720	23,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	80.8	70.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.3	62.2	55.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.8	19.1	29.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.9	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.2	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	104,910	50,840	54,070
Without total income	2,170	1,065	1,105
With total income	102,745	49,780	52,960
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,300	2,685	3,620
$10,000 to $19,999	13,845	5,305	8,540
$20,000 to $29,999	19,300	8,225	11,080
$30,000 to $39,999	14,645	6,805	7,840
$40,000 to $49,999	13,660	6,690	6,965
$50,000 to $59,999	10,540	5,385	5,150
$60,000 to $69,999	7,030	3,850	3,175
$70,000 to $79,999	4,805	2,825	1,980
$80,000 to $89,999	3,595	2,050	1,550
$90,000 to $99,999	2,480	1,460	1,025
$100,000 and over	6,540	4,505	2,040
$100,000 to $149,999	4,810	3,255	1,550
$150,000 and over	1,735	1,245	485
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	104,910	50,840	54,070
Without after-tax income	2,130	1,035	1,090
With after-tax income	102,785	49,805	52,980
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,920	2,805	4,115
$10,000 to $19,999	14,425	5,645	8,780
$20,000 to $29,999	22,515	9,695	12,825
$30,000 to $39,999	18,225	8,880	9,340
$40,000 to $49,999	15,365	7,910	7,450
$50,000 to $59,999	9,540	5,285	4,255
$60,000 to $69,999	5,890	3,290	2,595
$70,000 to $79,999	3,770	2,120	1,650
$80,000 to $89,999	2,325	1,515	810
$90,000 to $99,999	1,370	935	435
$100,000 and over	2,430	1,715	720
$100,000 to $124,999	1,320	920	405
$125,000 and over	1,115	800	315
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	104,910	50,840	54,070
Without employment income	37,050	15,675	21,380
With employment income	67,860	35,170	32,690
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,300	4,980	4,315
$5,000 to $9,999	5,800	2,665	3,135
$10,000 to $19,999	9,185	4,080	5,110
$20,000 to $29,999	7,750	3,695	4,050
$30,000 to $39,999	7,335	3,620	3,715
$40,000 to $49,999	6,905	3,300	3,610
$50,000 to $59,999	5,400	2,860	2,540
$60,000 to $69,999	4,075	2,320	1,755
$70,000 to $79,999	2,990	1,785	1,200
$80,000 to $89,999	2,580	1,430	1,145
$90,000 to $99,999	1,715	1,010	705
$100,000 and over	4,825	3,420	1,405
$100,000 to $124,999	2,585	1,830	755
$125,000 and over	2,240	1,595	645
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	104,915	50,845	54,070
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,345	49,070	52,275
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,430	49,080	52,350
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,600	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,345	44,525	44,820
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,800	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,720	35,495	33,220
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,535	37,290	44,245
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,200	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,280	6,105	5,175
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,680	4,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	104,810	50,720	54,095
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,260	48,960	52,300
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,320	49,280	37,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,350	48,975	52,380
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,240	40,360	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,190	44,220	44,970
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,960	46,800	33,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,635	35,200	33,435
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,560	45,600	35,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,455	37,305	44,150
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,070	9,200	10,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,665	6,155	5,510
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,410	5,730	7,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	104,815	50,720	54,095
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,885	16,460	14,435
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,800	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,950	63,900	51,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,335	13,055	14,280
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	24,200	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,440	35,080	26,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.2	85.8	75.8
Employment income (%)	63.5	66.6	59.8
Government transfers (%)	18.7	14.2	24.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	62,075	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	26,290	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,790	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	62,045	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	26,235	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,810	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	62,075	...	...
Under $5,000	540	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	520	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,345	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,020	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,130	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,030	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,955	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,375	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,505	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,315	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,785	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,690	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,920	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,460	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,035	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,645	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,525	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,790	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,485	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	62,075	...	...
Under $5,000	590	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	530	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,370	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,110	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,445	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,820	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,645	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,140	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,590	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,010	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,115	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,295	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,715	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,860	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,830	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,785	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,010	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,010	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,830	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,600	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,720	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	30,685	14,555	16,130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,800	31,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	31,400	29,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,950	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,950	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,560	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,685	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,450	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	30,815	14,680	16,140
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,120	40,840	37,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,680	34,600	32,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	122,650	59,945	62,700
0 to 17 years	21,200	10,890	10,310
0 to 5 years	6,645	3,370	3,275
18 to 64 years	72,005	35,600	36,405
65 years and over	29,440	13,455	15,990
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	19,075	8,660	10,415
0 to 17 years	2,650	1,375	1,280
0 to 5 years	900	435	465
18 to 64 years	9,865	4,925	4,945
65 years and over	6,560	2,365	4,195
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.6	14.4	16.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.5	12.6	12.4
0 to 5 years (%)	13.6	13.0	14.2
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.8	13.6
65 years and over (%)	22.3	17.6	26.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	122,645	59,945	62,705
0 to 17 years	21,205	10,895	10,305
0 to 5 years	6,640	3,370	3,270
18 to 64 years	72,005	35,600	36,410
65 years and over	29,440	13,455	15,985
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,705	3,490	3,215
0 to 17 years	730	410	320
0 to 5 years	220	120	100
18 to 64 years	5,480	2,885	2,600
65 years and over	495	195	300
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5	5.8	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.8	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	8.1	7.1
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	122,645	59,945	62,705
In bottom half of the distribution	76,770	36,530	40,245
In bottom decile	16,340	7,560	8,785
In second decile	16,205	7,540	8,665
In third decile	15,645	7,445	8,200
In fourth decile	15,255	7,360	7,895
In fifth decile	13,330	6,630	6,700
In top half of the distribution	45,875	23,410	22,460
In sixth decile	11,980	6,080	5,900
In seventh decile	10,870	5,500	5,365
In eighth decile	9,765	4,950	4,820
In ninth decile	7,715	4,020	3,695
In top decile	5,540	2,870	2,675
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	122,645	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.463	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	125,745	60,885	64,865
English only	375	230	150
French only	82,840	37,160	45,680
English and French	42,165	23,310	18,855
Neither English nor French	365	185	180
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	125,745	60,885	64,865
English	1,820	940	880
French	122,475	59,165	63,310
English and French	1,120	615	500
Neither English nor French	335	165	175
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	125,745	60,885	64,865
Single responses	123,965	59,945	64,025
Official languages	119,235	57,530	61,705
English	1,510	780	735
French	117,720	56,750	60,970
Non-official languages	4,730	2,410	2,320
Indigenous languages³⁹	270	120	150
Algonquian languages	265	120	145
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	265	120	145
Atikamekw	250	115	140
Cree languages	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,460	2,290	2,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,195	680	510
Berber languages	75	40	40
Kabyle	65	30	35
Tamazight	15	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	20	10	10
Hausa	10	5	5
Mina	10	5	5
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,090	630	460
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,085	630	460
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20
Vietnamese	70	35	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	110	60	55
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	40	20	20
Merina	30	10	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	5
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	35	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	140	70	75
Haitian Creole	80	35	45
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	20	10	5
Sango	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	0
Tamil	5	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,120	1,055	1,070
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	55	55
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	115	55	55
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	0	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	10
Russian	40	20	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	15
Bosnian	20	10	10
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	20	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5
Irish	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	90	40	55
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	70	30	40
German	60	25	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	60	50	15
Indo-Iranian languages	110	60	50
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	80	45	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	10	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	25	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,740	850	895
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	20	15
Portuguese	175	80	100
Romanian	35	20	15
Spanish	1,490	720	770
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10
Korean	10	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	450	230	225
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	15	10	5
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	5
Lingala	20	10	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	5	5	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	75	35	40
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	5	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	155	80	75
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	55	25	25
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	85	120
Chinese languages	200	85	120
Hakka	5	0	0
Mandarin	160	60	95
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	15
Lao	20	10	5
Thai	15	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,780	940	835
English and French	920	475	450
English and non-official language(s)	60	35	25
French and non-official language(s)	670	370	300
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	50	30
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	125,745	60,885	64,865
English	685	360	325
French	115,570	55,525	60,045
Non-official language	1,375	705	670
Indigenous³⁹	75	35	40
Non-Indigenous	1,300	670	625
English and French	4,170	2,310	1,860
English and non-official language(s)	185	100	80
French and non-official language(s)	2,840	1,380	1,465
English, French and non-official language(s)	845	460	380
Multiple non-official languages	75	45	30
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	125,745	60,885	64,865
Single responses	123,885	59,925	63,965
Official languages	121,310	58,600	62,705
English	1,160	595	565
French	120,145	58,005	62,140
Non-official languages	2,580	1,320	1,260
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	70	65
Algonquian languages	130	70	65
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	130	70	65
Atikamekw	130	70	65
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,445	1,250	1,190
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	260	230
Berber languages	20	5	10
Kabyle	20	5	10
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0	5
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	455	250	205
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	455	250	205
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10
Vietnamese	50	25	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	40	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5
Merina	10	5	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	30	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	30	25
Haitian Creole	30	15	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,375	690	690
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	50	25	25
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5
Russian	30	15	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	0
German	10	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	70	35	30
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	30	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	20	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,220	605	615
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	125	55	65
Romanian	15	10	5
Spanish	1,080	535	545
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0
Korean	0	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	200	100	105
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5
Lingala	10	0	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	25
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	90	45	45
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	20	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	25	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	25	20	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	70	85
Chinese languages	150	70	85
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	125	55	70
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	0
Lao	5	5	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,860	960	895
English and French	815	425	385
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30
French and non-official language(s)	885	450	435
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	125,745	60,885	64,860
None	119,250	57,425	61,830
English	3,205	1,825	1,380
French	1,225	605	625
Non-official language	1,320	645	675
Indigenous³⁹	50	20	35
Non-Indigenous	1,270	625	640
English and French	165	95	70
English and non-official language(s)	385	205	175
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	85	40	45
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	122,540	59,860	62,680
Official languages	122,205	59,685	62,520
English	42,115	23,325	18,790
French	121,800	59,445	62,350
Non-official languages	9,615	4,780	4,830
Indigenous languages³⁹	380	165	215
Algonquian languages	360	155	200
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	355	150	200
Atikamekw	335	135	200
Cree languages	10	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,255	4,630	4,620
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,630	935	695
Berber languages	75	35	45
Kabyle	40	15	20
Tamazight	35	15	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	65	35	30
Hausa	25	20	10
Mina	40	15	20
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,560	905	665
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,550	895	655
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	70	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15
Vietnamese	115	55	60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	185	95	90
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	85	50	35
Merina	55	35	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	15
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	35	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	335	185	145
Haitian Creole	165	90	70
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	55	35	20
Sango	20	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	75	50	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20
Dravidian languages	30	10	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	0	10
Tamil	15	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,635	2,680	2,960
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	120	85
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	205	120	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	15	10
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	15	0
Russian	140	75	60
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20
Bosnian	10	10	0
Croatian	25	10	15
Serbian	25	15	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Celtic languages	20	0	15
Irish	20	0	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	325	185	140
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	285	165	120
German	280	165	115
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	30	15	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	10
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	130	70	55
Indo-Iranian languages	245	125	125
Indo-Aryan languages	110	40	65
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	45	25	20
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	55	15	40
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	140	80	55
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	45	25	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	75	40	35
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,920	2,285	2,640
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	315	145	165
Portuguese	305	150	160
Romanian	65	25	45
Spanish	4,450	2,080	2,375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	55	20	25
Korean	50	25	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	975	525	450
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	45	20	25
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	55	15	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	45	25
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	10
Lingala	120	75	45
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0
Mòoré	40	15	25
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	65	65
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	255	130	130
Wojenaka	15	0	15
Wolof	130	100	30
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	250	140	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10
African, n.o.s.	40	20	20
Sign languages	190	90	95
American Sign Language	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	160	80	80
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	350	140	205
Chinese languages	350	140	205
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	325	130	195
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	10	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25
Lao	20	10	10
Thai	25	0	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	15	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	15	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,540	59,860	62,680
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,445	1,125	1,320
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,245	1,040	1,205
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,445	675	770
Métis	755	355	400
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	15	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	155	65	85
Non-Indigenous identity	120,095	58,735	61,360
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,540	59,860	62,680
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,010	450	565
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	121,530	59,410	62,120
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	62,045	...	...
Owner	32,355	...	...
Renter	29,685	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	62,045	...	...
Condominium	6,590	...	...
Not condominium	55,460	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	62,045	...	...
No bedrooms	275	...	...
1 bedroom	10,810	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,325	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,060	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,575	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	62,045	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	23,760	...	...
5 rooms	11,945	...	...
6 rooms	6,020	...	...
7 rooms	5,825	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,495	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	62,045	...	...
One person or fewer per room	61,825	...	...
More than one person per room	215	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	62,045	...	...
Suitable	61,125	...	...
Not suitable	920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	62,045	...	...
1960 or before	14,260	...	...
1961 to 1980	19,220	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,105	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,955	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,770	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,790	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,125	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,820	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	62,045	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	58,610	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,435	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	62,045	...	...
One-maintainer household	38,785	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,435	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	830	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	62,045	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,225	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,370	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,090	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,335	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,650	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,755	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,720	...	...
85 years and over	1,905	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	61,860	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	53,445	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,415	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,705	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	62,045	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,000	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,745	...	...
Not suitable only	760	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,740	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	595	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	50,045	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	61,145	...	...
In core need	2,305	...	...
Not in core need	58,845	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,350	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	953	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	226,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,690	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	673	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	122,540	59,860	62,685
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,400	1,030	1,370
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,375	1,015	1,360
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,160	940	1,225
Métis single ancestry	200	75	120
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,755	1,350	1,410
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,740	1,340	1,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,460	1,175	1,285
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	160	110
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	117,380	57,480	59,905
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	122,540	59,855	62,685
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	117,895	57,315	60,570
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,315	10,380	9,930
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	97,580	46,940	50,645
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,645	2,540	2,105
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	122,540	59,855	62,685
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	114,420	55,590	58,835
Immigrants⁸¹	5,795	2,935	2,865
Before 1980	505	240	260
1980 to 1990	300	160	140
1991 to 2000	445	200	250
2001 to 2010	1,790	905	885
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,765	1,430	1,340
2011 to 2015	1,350	735	615
2016 to 2021	1,415	690	730
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,325	1,335	985
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,800	2,930	2,865
Under 5 years	785	375	405
5 to 14 years	1,095	550	545
15 to 24 years	880	440	440
25 to 44 years	2,650	1,365	1,280
45 years and over	380	195	185
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,800	2,930	2,865
Americas	1,610	730	885
Brazil	85	45	40
Colombia	730	325	405
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	205	100	105
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	110	45	65
Peru	40	20	25
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15
United States of America	105	40	65
Other places of birth in Americas	325	145	175
Europe	1,320	700	615
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15
Croatia	10	0	0
France	825	465	355
Germany	50	25	30
Greece	65	45	20
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	15	15	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	10	0	0
Romania	35	10	20
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	20
Other places of birth in Europe	215	85	125
Africa	2,150	1,195	960
Algeria	240	155	80
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	230	115	110
Egypt	15	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	375	215	155
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,300	690	615
Asia	720	315	405
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10
Iraq	45	30	15
Lebanon	85	50	40
Syria⁸⁹	95	55	40
Turkey	20	15	0
China⁹⁰	165	40	120
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	0
Taiwan	35	20	10
Philippines	70	15	50
Viet Nam	75	25	45
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	20	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	25	50
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,415	690	725
Americas	270	135	135
Brazil	15	10	10
Colombia	100	60	45
Haiti	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	45	25	20
United States of America	20	20	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	80	25	55
Europe	175	105	65
France	105	60	45
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	35	15
Africa	735	345	390
Algeria	50	30	20
Burundi	20	10	15
Cameroon	160	80	75
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	30	15
Côte d'Ivoire	160	55	110
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	45	20	30
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	35	25	15
Other places of birth in Africa	210	90	120
Asia	230	105	130
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	30	10	15
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	35	15	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	35
Turkey	10	10	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	122,540	59,860	62,680
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,530	4,410	4,120
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,495	2,280	2,210
Third generation or more¹⁰²	109,515	53,165	56,350
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,300	2,685	2,605
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,700	1,505	1,195
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,255	900	360
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,445	610	835
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,240	495	745
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,340	670	665
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,300	2,685	2,605
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	140	70	70
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	425	235	190
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	195	115	75
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	375	245	135
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,125	2,010	2,115
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	122,540	59,860	62,680
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,865	4,070	3,790
South Asian	190	85	105
Chinese	420	145	280
Black	3,675	1,940	1,735
Filipino	115	55	60
Arab	1,330	785	540
Latin American	1,585	770	810
Southeast Asian	270	130	140
West Asian	55	25	30
Korean	25	20	10
Japanese	25	15	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	60	55
Multiple visible minorities	60	40	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	114,675	55,785	58,890
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	122,540	59,860	62,680
Canadian	47,120	22,445	24,670
English	1,190	585	610
Irish	3,760	1,780	1,980
Scottish	1,650	895	760
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,530	14,325	14,205
German	1,250	615	635
Chinese	435	140	295
Italian	1,025	465	560
Indian (India)	270	160	110
Ukrainian	150	75	75
Dutch	105	55	50
Polish	245	145	100
Québécois	16,975	8,140	8,835
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	160	95	60
Filipino	80	50	25
French Canadian	11,470	5,555	5,915
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,135	1,555	1,575
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,915	875	1,035
Métis	500	255	240
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,365	1,745	1,620
Russian	85	45	35
Norwegian	85	40	40
Welsh	15	0	10
Portuguese	190	120	65
American	695	310	385
Spanish	570	235	335
Swedish	20	20	0
Hungarian	75	40	35
Acadian	1,200	545	655
Pakistani	10	0	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	745	400	345
Jewish	70	50	20
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	165	70	95
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	660	345	310
Greek	235	125	110
Jamaican	25	15	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	125	55	70
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	30	35
Korean	20	15	0
Romanian	135	50	90
Lebanese	275	160	110
Iranian	70	35	35
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,105	545	560
Danish	25	20	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	525	245	280
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	45	10	30
Belgian	515	255	255
Haitian	405	205	200
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	260	130	135
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	190	120	70
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	45	20	20
Japanese	20	10	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	190	105	80
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	0
Muslim	75	50	30
Egyptian	95	65	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	175	90	85
Tamil	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	855	420	435
Moroccan	420	275	145
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	130	70	60
Guyanese	10	0	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	60	15
Serbian	20	10	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	55	40	15
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	15
Turkish	30	15	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	0	30
Bangladeshi	40	20	10
Algerian	265	165	100
Brazilian	155	70	85
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	20	15	0
Slovak	10	10	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	10	10
Iraqi	55	35	20
Salvadorean	35	15	25
African Caribbean	25	15	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	0	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	20	15
Algonquin	355	160	195
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	0	15
South African	0	0	0
Australian	10	0	0
Palestinian	20	15	0
Chilean	85	45	45
Congolese	350	190	165
Nova Scotian	10	0	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	15
Peruvian	70	30	40
Yoruba	20	20	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	40	20
Berber	220	75	140
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	25
New Brunswicker	80	45	30
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	20	10	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	65	35	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	30	20	10
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	40	20	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	15
Tunisian	190	110	80
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	90	45	50
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	50	25	20
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	270	145	125
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	35	25	0
Cameroonian	230	110	120
Guatemalan	55	45	10
Indonesian	20	10	0
Laotian	45	30	15
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	15	10	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	15	15
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	35
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	15
Dominican	100	45	55
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	60	25	35
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	570	245	330
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130	85	50
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	265	140	130
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	20	10	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	55	40	15
Huron (Wendat)	155	60	95
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	125	50	80
Norman	155	85	70
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	270	130	145
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10
Burundian	190	105	85
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	110	55	55
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	35	10	25
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	10	0	0
Honduran	60	40	20
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	25	0	20
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	180	85	95
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	15	25
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	410	180	225
Bamileke	90	45	45
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	145	100	45
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	30	10	20
Uruguayan	15	10	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	30	0	25
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	15	40
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	100	50	45
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	55	25	35
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	25	10	15
Beninese	45	20	25
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	35	25	10
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	145	80	65
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	122,540	59,860	62,680
Buddhist	140	65	75
Christian	86,945	40,845	46,100
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,490	2,725	2,760
Anabaptist	20	10	0
Anglican	70	35	35
Baptist	345	160	180
Catholic	78,990	36,935	42,050
Christian Orthodox	275	145	130
Jehovah's Witness	385	150	240
Latter Day Saints	20	20	0
Lutheran	40	20	15
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	300	155	150
Presbyterian	25	10	15
Reformed	25	15	10
United Church	40	30	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	920	430	490
Hindu	65	20	40
Jewish	35	35	0
Muslim	2,155	1,210	950
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	350	140	215
No religion and secular perspectives	32,835	17,545	15,290
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	121,520	59,325	62,195
Non-movers	105,830	51,675	54,160
Movers	15,690	7,650	8,040
Non-migrants	10,540	5,080	5,460
Migrants	5,150	2,570	2,575
Internal migrants	4,575	2,255	2,320
Intraprovincial migrants	4,395	2,190	2,205
Interprovincial migrants	180	65	115
External migrants	575	315	260
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	116,985	56,890	60,100
Non-movers	69,015	33,545	35,465
Movers	47,975	23,340	24,635
Non-migrants	27,670	13,165	14,505
Migrants	20,305	10,175	10,125
Internal migrants	17,230	8,485	8,745
Intraprovincial migrants	16,620	8,205	8,415
Interprovincial migrants	605	280	325
External migrants	3,075	1,690	1,385
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,810	50,720	54,095
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,865	10,155	9,715
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	84,945	40,570	44,375
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,925	30,510	31,420
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,685	5,000	3,685
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,240	25,505	27,735
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,810	50,720	54,095
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,590	8,490	9,100
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,465	10,950	12,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,750	31,275	32,470
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	42,805	21,815	20,990
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,055	11,120	6,930
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,360	7,430	5,925
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,695	3,690	1,005
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,510	8,905	11,610
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,240	1,790	2,450
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,945	9,460	11,480
Bachelor's degree	13,750	5,975	7,775
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,560	730	830
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	705	325	385
Master's degree	4,080	1,980	2,100
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	850	450	400
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,925	30,510	31,415
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,085	3,885	3,200
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,090	5,055	5,030
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,750	21,565	23,185
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,110	14,885	14,225
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,020	7,870	5,145
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,725	5,305	4,420
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,295	2,570	730
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,490	5,830	7,660
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,600	1,185	1,420
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,640	6,685	8,955
Bachelor's degree	10,090	4,225	5,860
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,060	430	635
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	590	230	360
Master's degree	3,295	1,520	1,780
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	605	280	325
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	104,810	50,715	54,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,065	19,440	21,620
Education	5,385	1,310	4,080
13. Education	5,385	1,310	4,080
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,770	805	965
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285	185	95
50. Visual and performing arts	1,480	615	870
Humanities	3,270	1,410	1,860
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	390	95	295
23. English language and literature/letters	120	30	90
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,490	650	840
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	100	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	125	85
54. History	310	195	115
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	550	200	350
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,005	1,440	3,565
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	735	265	475
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	60	885
22. Legal professions and studies	655	230	425
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	40	115
42. Psychology	1,640	390	1,250
45. Social sciences	795	430	360
Business, management and public administration	14,970	5,455	9,515
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	880	230	650
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,085	5,225	8,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,445	1,375	1,065
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	770	340	430
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	160	105
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	535	220	315
40. Physical sciences	675	520	155
41. Science technologies/technicians	195	140	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,970	1,375	595
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,560	1,195	365
25. Library science	240	55	190
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	85	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	45	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,765	12,730	1,035
04. Architecture and related services	375	225	145
14. Engineering	2,085	1,815	270
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,860	2,610	245
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,080	2,960	120
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,130	2,995	140
48. Precision production	2,245	2,130	110
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,280	805	475
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	655	275	385
03. Natural resources and conservation	625	530	90
Health and related fields	9,020	1,755	7,265
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	610	310	300
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,045	1,295	6,750
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	340	145	195
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,860	2,815	2,050
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,480	725	1,755
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,090	895	195
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,275	1,180	95
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,925	30,505	31,415
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,175	8,945	8,230
Education	3,225	740	2,485
13. Education	3,225	740	2,485
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,275	595	685
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	135	75
50. Visual and performing arts	1,060	460	605
Humanities	1,830	770	1,060
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	50	230
23. English language and literature/letters	80	20	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	760	365	395
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	60	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	35	35
54. History	215	130	85
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	310	105	210
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,760	1,005	2,755
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	620	205	410
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	715	35	680
22. Legal professions and studies	490	160	330
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	25	70
42. Psychology	1,235	270	960
45. Social sciences	550	290	265
Business, management and public administration	10,660	3,655	7,015
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	650	155	495
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,015	3,500	6,520
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,365	795	565
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	560	225	335
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	75	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	110	70	40
40. Physical sciences	450	335	120
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	85	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,535	1,080	450
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,315	1,000	310
25. Library science	125	20	110
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,770	8,855	915
04. Architecture and related services	285	170	115
14. Engineering	1,690	1,440	250
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,020	1,785	235
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,135	2,045	95
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,125	2,010	120
48. Precision production	1,515	1,415	100
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,045	655	390
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	545	235	310
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	425	75
Health and related fields	6,615	1,325	5,285
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	480	235	250
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,815	985	4,830
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	300	110	190
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,670	2,095	1,575
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,855	525	1,330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	850	690	155
49. Transportation and materials moving	945	865	80
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,925	30,505	31,415
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,175	8,945	8,230
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,750	21,570	23,185
Location of study inside Canada	42,435	20,335	22,095
Same as province or territory of residence	41,920	20,055	21,865
Different than province or territory of residence	515	280	235
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,315	1,225	1,085
Americas	615	290	325
United States of America	65	20	45
Mexico	85	40	50
Cuba	35	20	20
Haiti	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	95	45	45
Colombia	235	115	115
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Americas	70	40	30
Europe	725	435	290
Belgium	35	15	20
France	520	315	205
Germany	35	25	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	35	30	10
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	15	10
Ukraine	20	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	695	390	305
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	145	85	60
Morocco	85	45	40
Tunisia	95	50	40
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	370	205	170
Asia	265	110	160
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	70	25	45
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	30	15	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	50	15	40
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	15
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	104,810	50,720	54,095
In the labour force	61,165	31,050	30,115
Employed	57,045	28,700	28,345
Unemployed	4,120	2,350	1,775
Not in the labour force	43,650	19,670	23,980
Participation rate	58.4	61.2	55.7
Employment rate	54.4	56.6	52.4
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.6	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	104,810	50,715	54,090
Did not work¹⁸⁶	42,990	19,260	23,730
Worked	61,825	31,460	30,365
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,710	16,975	14,735
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,115	14,485	15,630
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.6	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	61,165	31,050	30,115
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,410	715	690
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,760	30,330	29,425
Employee	54,085	27,190	26,895
Permanent position	44,925	22,865	22,060
Temporary position	9,160	4,325	4,835
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,115	1,375	1,740
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,045	2,955	3,090
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,670	3,140	2,530
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	61,165	31,050	30,115
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,410	715	690
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,760	30,330	29,425
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	810	525	285
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,630	3,170	6,460
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,550	2,790	765
3 Health occupations	6,305	1,200	5,110
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,150	2,535	5,615
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,430	740	690
6 Sales and service occupations	16,930	7,710	9,220
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,485	8,820	665
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	490	395	95
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,970	2,450	520
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	61,165	31,050	30,115
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,410	715	690
All industries¹⁹¹	59,760	30,330	29,425
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	445	285	160
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	145	125	10
22 Utilities	720	585	140
23 Construction	3,535	3,095	435
31-33 Manufacturing	6,545	5,175	1,360
41 Wholesale trade	1,395	1,015	390
44-45 Retail trade	8,245	3,800	4,450
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,340	1,940	405
51 Information and cultural industries	1,210	685	525
52 Finance and insurance	1,725	680	1,045
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	670	390	275
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,125	1,765	1,360
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,065	1,345	720
61 Educational services	5,070	1,525	3,540
62 Health care and social assistance	11,060	2,320	8,740
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	820	460	360
72 Accommodation and food services	4,200	1,930	2,270
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,845	1,360	1,480
91 Public administration	3,585	1,835	1,750
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,580	33,270	32,310
English	540	295	240
French	57,930	28,540	29,395
Non-official language	75	25	50
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	70	25	45
English and French	6,670	4,240	2,430
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	190	95	90
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	75	95
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,580	33,270	32,310
Single responses	64,640	32,735	31,910
Official languages	64,510	32,665	31,845
English	1,375	820	550
French	63,135	31,850	31,290
Non-official languages	135	65	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	10	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10
Atikamekw	10	0	10
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	65	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	65	45	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	45	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	65	45	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20
Chinese languages	25	0	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	0	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	935	535	400
English and French	875	515	355
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,580	33,270	32,310
None	59,445	29,385	30,065
English	5,020	3,220	1,800
French	845	545	295
Non-official language	135	60	75
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	130	55	75
English and French	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	50
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,045	28,705	28,345
Worked at home	8,720	4,070	4,655
Worked outside Canada	75	60	15
No fixed workplace address	5,650	4,030	1,625
Usual place of work	42,595	20,545	22,050
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,600	20,550	22,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,965	15,365	18,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	395	180	215
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,205	4,975	3,225
Commute to a different province or territory	35	30	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,245	24,575	23,675
Car, truck or van	43,560	22,285	21,275
Car, truck or van - as a driver	41,325	21,250	20,085
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,230	1,035	1,195
Public transit	1,210	445	765
Walked	2,505	1,200	1,300
Bicycle	330	265	60
Other method	650	385	270
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,245	24,575	23,675
Less than 15 minutes	23,150	10,865	12,290
15 to 29 minutes	17,050	8,595	8,455
30 to 44 minutes	5,145	3,070	2,070
45 to 59 minutes	1,225	755	470
60 minutes and over	1,675	1,285	390
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,245	24,575	23,675
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,140	1,665	470
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,345	4,960	2,385
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	16,060	7,830	8,225
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,795	4,080	6,715
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,465	1,875	2,585
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,445	4,155	3,290
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,620	11,115	10,505
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,340	1,125	1,220
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,275	9,990	9,285
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,735	8,135	7,595
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,835	860	970
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,375	610	770
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	460	250	205
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,900	7,275	6,625

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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