Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prince Edward IslandMore information: Prince Edward Island [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	154,331	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	74,934	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	64,570	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	154,330	75,385	78,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,640	12,120	11,520	15.3	16.1	14.6
0 to 4 years	6,750	3,475	3,280	4.4	4.6	4.2
5 to 9 years	8,085	4,190	3,900	5.2	5.6	4.9
10 to 14 years	8,800	4,455	4,345	5.7	5.9	5.5
15 to 64 years	97,985	48,205	49,775	63.5	63.9	63.1
15 to 19 years	8,560	4,335	4,225	5.5	5.8	5.4
20 to 24 years	10,570	5,565	5,005	6.8	7.4	6.3
25 to 29 years	9,200	4,765	4,435	6.0	6.3	5.6
30 to 34 years	9,000	4,315	4,685	5.8	5.7	5.9
35 to 39 years	8,980	4,300	4,680	5.8	5.7	5.9
40 to 44 years	9,130	4,360	4,775	5.9	5.8	6.0
45 to 49 years	9,505	4,625	4,890	6.2	6.1	6.2
50 to 54 years	9,955	4,840	5,115	6.5	6.4	6.5
55 to 59 years	11,640	5,640	6,005	7.5	7.5	7.6
60 to 64 years	11,430	5,460	5,970	7.4	7.2	7.6
65 years and over	32,705	15,055	17,650	21.2	20.0	22.4
65 to 69 years	10,500	5,055	5,450	6.8	6.7	6.9
70 to 74 years	9,190	4,420	4,770	6.0	5.9	6.0
75 to 79 years	5,775	2,675	3,095	3.7	3.5	3.9
80 to 84 years	3,730	1,620	2,105	2.4	2.1	2.7
85 years and over	3,515	1,285	2,230	2.3	1.7	2.8
85 to 89 years	2,230	880	1,355	1.4	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	955	310	645	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	295	85	210	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	16.1	14.6	15.3	16.1	14.6
15 to 64 years	63.5	63.9	63.1	63.5	63.9	63.1
65 years and over	21.2	20.0	22.4	21.2	20.0	22.4
85 years and over	2.3	1.7	2.8	2.3	1.7	2.8
Average age of the population	43.1	42.1	44.0	43.1	42.1	44.0
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8	45.2	44.0	42.8	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	43,855	...	...	67.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,640	...	...	5.6	...	...
Row house	2,680	...	...	4.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,130	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,365	...	...	16.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,680	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	18,635	...	...	28.9	...	...
2 persons	24,470	...	...	37.9	...	...
3 persons	9,470	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	7,620	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	4,370	...	...	6.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	150,480	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	130,690	63,265	67,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	75,410	37,680	37,735	57.7	59.6	56.0
Married	62,350	31,180	31,170	47.7	49.3	46.2
Living common-law	13,060	6,495	6,565	10.0	10.3	9.7
Living common law - Never married	9,325	4,575	4,750	7.1	7.2	7.0
Living common law - Separated	705	385	320	0.5	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,660	1,380	1,280	2.0	2.2	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	375	155	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	55,280	25,585	29,695	42.3	40.4	44.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,455	19,475	16,980	27.9	30.8	25.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,580	1,510	2,070	2.7	2.4	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,235	2,910	4,330	5.5	4.6	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,010	1,695	6,310	6.1	2.7	9.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	43,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,410	...	...	56.1	...	...
3 persons	8,730	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	6,940	...	...	15.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,450	...	...	7.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	43,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	36,800	...	...	84.5	...	...
Married couples	30,270	...	...	69.5	...	...
With children⁶	13,990	...	...	32.1	...	...
Without children	16,285	...	...	37.4	...	...
Common-law couples	6,530	...	...	15.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,565	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	3,965	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,730	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,205	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,520	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	150,485	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	121,340	59,940	61,400	80.6	81.5	79.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	73,605	36,730	36,875	48.9	49.9	47.9
Parents in one-parent families	6,730	1,525	5,205	4.5	2.1	6.8
Children⁶	41,010	21,685	19,325	27.3	29.5	25.1
In a two-parent family	30,790	16,140	14,650	20.5	21.9	19.0
In a one-parent family	10,220	5,545	4,675	6.8	7.5	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,140	13,600	15,540	19.4	18.5	20.2
Living alone	18,635	7,960	10,675	12.4	10.8	13.9
Living with other relatives⁷	2,875	1,230	1,640	1.9	1.7	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	7,630	4,415	3,220	5.1	6.0	4.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	39,910	...	...	61.8	...	...
Couple-family households	34,425	...	...	53.3	...	...
With children⁶	15,530	...	...	24.1	...	...
Without children	18,900	...	...	29.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,480	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,005	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	255	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,555	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,210	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	18,635	...	...	28.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	122,790	59,355	63,440	96.8	96.6	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	41,600	36,400	38,800	41,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	122,865	59,400	63,470	96.8	96.7	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,000	32,400	34,400	36,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110,755	54,560	56,190	87.3	88.8	85.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	34,000	27,200	30,600	34,000	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,325	46,480	44,850	72.0	75.6	68.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	33,600	29,000	31,200	33,600	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,515	45,590	53,925	78.4	74.2	82.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,700	12,800	12,600	12,700	12,800	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,050	13,740	12,315	20.5	22.4	18.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,900	9,000	6,750	7,900	9,000	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,515	15,175	16,340	24.8	24.7	25.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	7,500	7,500	7,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	123,005	59,400	63,605	96.9	96.7	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	50,360	42,200	46,120	50,360	42,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	123,050	59,435	63,615	97.0	96.7	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,600	41,320	36,040	38,600	41,320	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,060	54,455	56,600	87.5	88.6	86.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,480	34,920	39,600	44,480	34,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,335	46,420	44,915	72.0	75.5	68.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,040	42,320	35,680	39,040	42,320	35,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,930	45,780	54,150	78.7	74.5	82.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,760	12,410	13,060	12,760	12,410	13,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,430	13,690	12,740	20.8	22.3	19.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,280	10,030	8,470	9,280	10,030	8,470
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,575	14,960	16,620	24.9	24.3	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,060	7,910	8,200	8,060	7,910	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,135	21,685	19,455	32.4	35.3	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	54,800	50,800	52,800	54,800	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,300	63,650	56,500	60,300	63,650	56,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	40,270	19,760	20,505	31.7	32.2	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	18,400	14,900	16,600	18,400	14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,140	25,560	20,800	23,140	25,560	20,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.6	81.0	73.6	77.6	81.0	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.8	65.6	59.7	62.8	65.6	59.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.5	19.0	26.4	22.5	19.0	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.3	4.6	4.0	4.3	4.6	4.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.6	6.2	5.4	4.6	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.0	5.1	4.5	4.0	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,110	2,100	2,010	3.2	3.4	3.1
With total income	122,790	59,350	63,435	96.8	96.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,900	3,975	4,920	7.2	6.7	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	14,340	6,025	8,315	11.7	10.2	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	20,890	9,045	11,840	17.0	15.2	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	19,795	9,250	10,545	16.1	15.6	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	17,005	8,340	8,665	13.8	14.1	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	12,960	6,460	6,500	10.6	10.9	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	8,715	4,725	3,995	7.1	8.0	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,815	3,220	2,590	4.7	5.4	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,355	2,255	2,095	3.5	3.8	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,080	1,495	1,585	2.5	2.5	2.5
$100,000 and over	6,955	4,575	2,385	5.7	7.7	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	4,860	3,050	1,810	4.0	5.1	2.8
$150,000 and over	2,095	1,525	570	1.7	2.6	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,030	2,055	1,975	3.2	3.3	3.0
With after-tax income	122,870	59,395	63,470	96.8	96.7	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,515	4,180	5,340	7.7	7.0	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	15,355	6,540	8,820	12.5	11.0	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	25,790	11,505	14,290	21.0	19.4	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	24,250	11,825	12,420	19.7	19.9	19.6
$40,000 to $49,999	18,345	9,085	9,265	14.9	15.3	14.6
$50,000 to $59,999	11,585	6,105	5,485	9.4	10.3	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,095	3,705	3,395	5.8	6.2	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,425	2,260	2,165	3.6	3.8	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,260	1,290	970	1.8	2.2	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,250	790	460	1.0	1.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	2,985	2,120	860	2.4	3.6	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,535	1,045	490	1.2	1.8	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,450	1,075	375	1.2	1.8	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	35,570	14,975	20,600	28.0	24.4	31.5
With employment income	91,325	46,475	44,850	72.0	75.6	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,935	5,695	6,240	13.1	12.2	13.9
$5,000 to $9,999	8,255	3,645	4,610	9.0	7.8	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	13,705	6,765	6,940	15.0	14.6	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	10,530	5,375	5,155	11.5	11.6	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,390	5,095	5,295	11.4	11.0	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	9,335	4,780	4,555	10.2	10.3	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,550	4,005	3,545	8.3	8.6	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,445	3,050	2,390	6.0	6.6	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,940	2,180	1,765	4.3	4.7	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,175	1,500	1,670	3.5	3.2	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,295	1,150	1,150	2.5	2.5	2.6
$100,000 and over	4,780	3,240	1,530	5.2	7.0	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,400	1,495	900	2.6	3.2	2.0
$125,000 and over	2,380	1,745	635	2.6	3.8	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	120,875	58,395	62,475	95.3	95.0	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,000	33,200	36,400	40,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	120,975	58,405	62,565	95.3	95.0	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,400	29,800	32,000	34,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	110,215	54,175	56,040	86.9	88.2	85.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	34,400	27,200	30,600	34,400	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,520	46,760	45,755	72.9	76.1	69.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	33,600	28,200	30,600	33,600	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,695	40,150	49,540	70.7	65.3	75.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,700	9,400	9,500	9,700	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	24,840	13,175	11,660	19.6	21.4	17.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	9,300	7,400	8,500	9,300	7,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	120,960	58,400	62,560	95.3	95.0	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	48,560	39,480	43,880	48,560	39,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	121,035	58,405	62,630	95.4	95.0	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,560	39,680	33,640	36,560	39,680	33,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	110,440	54,220	56,215	87.0	88.2	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,640	44,720	34,760	39,640	44,720	34,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,705	46,840	45,865	73.1	76.2	70.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,120	43,120	35,040	39,120	43,120	35,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,655	40,055	49,605	70.7	65.2	75.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,330	10,240	10,400	10,330	10,240	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,780	13,015	11,765	19.5	21.2	18.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,450	10,070	8,750	9,450	10,070	8,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,835	21,500	19,335	32.2	35.0	29.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	52,400	48,000	50,400	52,400	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,150	61,050	52,850	57,150	61,050	52,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	38,455	19,000	19,455	30.3	30.9	29.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	21,200	17,600	19,400	21,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,480	30,720	24,300	27,480	30,720	24,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.6	85.6	79.2	82.6	85.6	79.2
Employment income (%)	68.4	71.2	65.0	68.4	71.2	65.0
Government transfers (%)	17.4	14.5	20.9	17.4	14.5	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.4	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	64,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	45,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	64,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,900	...	...	87,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,640	...	...	42,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,200	...	...	36,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	45,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,200	...	...	106,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,700	...	...	88,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	630	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	340	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	890	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,175	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,495	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,425	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,710	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,945	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,870	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,690	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,475	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,960	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,725	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,375	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,935	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,925	...	...	32.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,575	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,010	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,095	...	...	7.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,250	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	710	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	360	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	915	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,270	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,875	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,985	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,300	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,530	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,450	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,235	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,160	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,990	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,410	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,740	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,920	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,725	...	...	22.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,850	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,760	...	...	5.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,120	...	...	6.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	43,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,290	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	26,265	12,370	13,895	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,800	33,200	34,000	34,800	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	31,200	30,400	30,800	31,200	30,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	43,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,600	...	...	88,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...	79,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...	133,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,800	...	...	69,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,450	...	...	61,450	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	26,230	12,215	14,015	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,040	40,480	39,600	40,040	40,480	39,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,280	34,400	34,200	34,280	34,400	34,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	150,485	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,685	14,705	13,985	19.1	20.0	18.2
0 to 5 years	8,260	4,280	3,980	5.5	5.8	5.2
18 to 64 years	90,995	44,465	46,535	60.5	60.5	60.5
65 years and over	30,795	14,375	16,425	20.5	19.5	21.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,720	9,395	11,330	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,460	2,275	2,185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,290	690	605	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,145	4,695	5,450	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,120	2,425	3,695	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.8	12.8	14.7	13.8	12.8	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	15.5	15.5	15.6	15.5	15.5	15.6
0 to 5 years (%)	15.7	16.1	15.2	15.7	16.1	15.2
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	10.6	11.7	11.2	10.6	11.7
65 years and over (%)	19.9	16.9	22.5	19.9	16.9	22.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	149,870	73,240	76,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,475	14,600	13,880	19.0	19.9	18.1
0 to 5 years	8,210	4,250	3,965	5.5	5.8	5.2
18 to 64 years	90,630	44,285	46,345	60.5	60.5	60.5
65 years and over	30,765	14,355	16,405	20.5	19.6	21.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,185	3,095	3,095	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,150	595	555	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	300	155	145	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,615	2,315	2,295	...	...	...
65 years and over	420	175	245	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.0
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	90,760	43,710	47,050	60.3	59.4	61.2
In bottom decile	18,220	8,550	9,670	12.1	11.6	12.6
In second decile	19,490	9,135	10,355	13.0	12.4	13.5
In third decile	18,460	8,965	9,495	12.3	12.2	12.3
In fourth decile	17,650	8,650	8,995	11.7	11.8	11.7
In fifth decile	16,940	8,405	8,530	11.3	11.4	11.1
In top half of the distribution	59,720	29,830	29,890	39.7	40.6	38.8
In sixth decile	15,690	7,820	7,870	10.4	10.6	10.2
In seventh decile	14,460	7,135	7,330	9.6	9.7	9.5
In eighth decile	12,475	6,250	6,225	8.3	8.5	8.1
In ninth decile	9,835	4,920	4,915	6.5	6.7	6.4
In top decile	7,255	3,705	3,550	4.8	5.0	4.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	150,485	...	...	150,485	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.309	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.435	...	...	0.435	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	152,460	74,650	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	131,460	65,710	65,750	86.2	88.0	84.5
French only	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	19,380	8,185	11,195	12.7	11.0	14.4
Neither English nor French	1,475	685	795	1.0	0.9	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	152,460	74,650	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	146,265	71,800	74,465	95.9	96.2	95.7
French	4,350	2,015	2,335	2.9	2.7	3.0
English and French	415	180	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,425	645	780	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	152,460	74,650	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	149,950	73,405	76,545	98.4	98.3	98.4
Official languages	136,990	66,615	70,375	89.9	89.2	90.4
English	132,430	64,525	67,905	86.9	86.4	87.3
French	4,560	2,085	2,470	3.0	2.8	3.2
Non-official languages	12,960	6,795	6,170	8.5	9.1	7.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,915	6,775	6,145	8.5	9.1	7.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	940	510	430	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	870	480	385	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	830	460	370	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	605	300	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	600	295	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,295	580	710	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,165	520	640	0.8	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	495	300	190	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	395	245	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,195	2,890	2,305	3.4	3.9	3.0
Albanian	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	480	215	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	465	210	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	230	105	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,095	575	520	0.7	0.8	0.7
Frisian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	530	265	260	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	470	240	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	500	270	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	440	235	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,605	1,585	1,020	1.7	2.1	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,375	1,460	920	1.6	2.0	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	275	205	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	240	145	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,380	850	530	0.9	1.1	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	120	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	215	115	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	850	425	425	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	185	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	550	285	270	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,800	1,930	1,870	2.5	2.6	2.4
Chinese languages	3,735	1,890	1,840	2.4	2.5	2.4
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,240	1,625	1,615	2.1	2.2	2.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	350	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,510	1,240	1,270	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and French	965	425	540	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,320	700	625	0.9	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	152,460	74,650	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	134,780	65,725	69,055	88.4	88.0	88.7
French	1,615	760	855	1.1	1.0	1.1
Non-official language	5,490	2,965	2,525	3.6	4.0	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,480	2,965	2,520	3.6	4.0	3.2
English and French	2,610	1,125	1,485	1.7	1.5	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	7,295	3,755	3,540	4.8	5.0	4.5
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	345	160	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	152,460	74,650	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	150,360	73,620	76,735	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	141,280	68,815	72,465	92.7	92.2	93.1
English	139,200	67,855	71,340	91.3	90.9	91.7
French	2,080	965	1,120	1.4	1.3	1.4
Non-official languages	9,075	4,800	4,275	6.0	6.4	5.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,070	4,795	4,265	5.9	6.4	5.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	610	315	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	560	295	265	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	540	285	255	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	580	300	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	580	295	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	885	415	465	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	805	380	430	0.5	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	350	205	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	300	175	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,950	1,670	1,280	1.9	2.2	1.6
Albanian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	225	105	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	380	195	185	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	205	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,820	1,100	720	1.2	1.5	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,665	1,030	640	1.1	1.4	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	190	135	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,075	660	415	0.7	0.9	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	435	225	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	310	160	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,365	1,735	1,630	2.2	2.3	2.1
Chinese languages	3,325	1,710	1,615	2.2	2.3	2.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,990	1,545	1,440	2.0	2.1	1.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,100	1,025	1,075	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	455	165	285	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,575	820	755	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	152,460	74,650	77,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	143,655	70,300	73,360	94.2	94.2	94.3
English	3,245	1,620	1,630	2.1	2.2	2.1
French	1,815	815	1,000	1.2	1.1	1.3
Non-official language	2,745	1,390	1,355	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,690	1,365	1,325	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and French	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	475	265	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	305	165	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	149,645	73,110	76,540	99.4	99.4	99.5
English	149,525	73,050	76,475	99.4	99.3	99.4
French	19,445	8,285	11,155	12.9	11.3	14.5
Non-official languages	16,155	8,285	7,870	10.7	11.3	10.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,015	8,220	7,790	10.6	11.2	10.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,320	730	590	0.9	1.0	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,260	705	560	0.8	1.0	0.7
Amharic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,170	645	525	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	785	390	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	785	390	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,665	690	980	1.1	0.9	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	100	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,625	670	955	1.1	0.9	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	735	420	310	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kannada	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	600	335	265	0.4	0.5	0.3
Tamil	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	65	55	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,735	4,145	3,595	5.1	5.6	4.7
Albanian	230	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	675	355	320	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	665	350	315	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	325	170	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,755	880	870	1.2	1.2	1.1
Frisian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,060	560	505	0.7	0.8	0.7
German	1,045	545	495	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	675	340	335	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	550	285	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,275	1,980	1,290	2.2	2.7	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,990	1,830	1,155	2.0	2.5	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	190	140	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	325	245	85	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	1,660	1,055	610	1.1	1.4	0.8
Kacchi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,550	955	595	1.0	1.3	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	180	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	75	60	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	290	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	290	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	250	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,950	905	1,045	1.3	1.2	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	240	140	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	335	145	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,425	670	750	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	310	130	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	320	215	110	0.2	0.3	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,275	1,595	1,685	2.2	2.2	2.2
Chinese languages	3,190	1,555	1,645	2.1	2.1	2.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,945	1,410	1,535	2.0	1.9	2.0
Min Dong	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	440	245	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	30	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	150,485	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,385	1,620	1,765	2.2	2.2	2.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,185	1,550	1,635	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,165	1,070	1,090	1.4	1.5	1.4
Métis	845	395	450	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	170	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	147,100	71,925	75,175	97.8	97.8	97.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	150,485	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,460	705	765	1.0	1.0	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	149,020	72,840	76,180	99.0	99.0	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	44,420	...	...	68.8	...	...
Renter	19,985	...	...	31.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	160	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,860	...	...	2.9	...	...
Not condominium	62,710	...	...	97.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	205	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,035	...	...	9.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,730	...	...	27.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	24,510	...	...	38.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,090	...	...	24.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,870	...	...	24.6	...	...
5 rooms	10,820	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	9,980	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	8,710	...	...	13.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,195	...	...	29.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	63,890	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	680	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	62,555	...	...	96.9	...	...
Not suitable	2,020	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,795	...	...	22.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,450	...	...	25.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,105	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,100	...	...	12.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,875	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,360	...	...	6.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,095	...	...	6.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,785	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	59,995	...	...	92.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,575	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	32,085	...	...	49.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	30,065	...	...	46.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,415	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,460	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,045	...	...	12.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,530	...	...	14.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,945	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,405	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,065	...	...	18.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,210	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,910	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	63,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	53,610	...	...	84.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,865	...	...	15.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,995	...	...	14.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	64,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,305	...	...	23.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,850	...	...	13.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,690	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,625	...	...	5.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	190	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	805	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	49,265	...	...	76.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	62,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,365	...	...	7.0	...	...
Not in core need	58,235	...	...	93.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,730	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.6	...	...	55.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,031	...	...	1,031	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	313,200	...	...	313,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,985	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.2	...	...	30.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	996	...	...	996	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	165	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	226	...	...	226	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	272	...	...	272	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,680	830	850	1.1	1.1	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,650	820	830	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,415	700	710	0.9	1.0	0.9
Métis single ancestry	175	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,870	1,780	2,095	2.6	2.4	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,795	1,735	2,060	2.5	2.4	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,990	1,355	1,635	2.0	1.8	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	665	315	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	144,935	70,935	73,995	96.3	96.5	96.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	150,485	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	138,690	67,315	71,375	92.2	91.5	92.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,685	13,640	13,045	17.7	18.5	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	112,000	53,675	58,325	74.4	73.0	75.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,795	6,230	5,565	7.8	8.5	7.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	150,485	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	133,285	64,765	68,520	88.6	88.1	89.1
Immigrants⁸¹	11,765	5,740	6,025	7.8	7.8	7.8
Before 1980	2,170	1,000	1,170	1.4	1.4	1.5
1980 to 1990	720	365	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	710	295	410	0.5	0.4	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,685	810	875	1.1	1.1	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,470	3,265	3,210	4.3	4.4	4.2
2011 to 2015	1,615	815	800	1.1	1.1	1.0
2016 to 2021	4,860	2,450	2,415	3.2	3.3	3.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,435	3,035	2,395	3.6	4.1	3.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,765	5,740	6,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,130	560	570	9.6	9.8	9.5
5 to 14 years	2,415	1,290	1,130	20.5	22.5	18.8
15 to 24 years	1,910	935	975	16.2	16.3	16.2
25 to 44 years	4,895	2,190	2,710	41.6	38.2	45.0
45 years and over	1,410	770	640	12.0	13.4	10.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,765	5,740	6,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,830	835	1,000	15.6	14.5	16.6
Brazil	85	35	45	0.7	0.6	0.7
Colombia	45	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.5
El Salvador	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyana	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Haiti	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	125	65	60	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mexico	50	15	40	0.4	0.3	0.7
Peru	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
United States of America	1,175	505	670	10.0	8.8	11.1
Other places of birth in Americas	260	155	105	2.2	2.7	1.7
Europe	3,270	1,630	1,645	27.8	28.4	27.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	25	25	0.5	0.4	0.4
Croatia	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
France	110	35	70	0.9	0.6	1.2
Germany	185	85	100	1.6	1.5	1.7
Greece	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italy	70	40	35	0.6	0.7	0.6
Netherlands	425	240	190	3.6	4.2	3.2
Poland	95	55	40	0.8	1.0	0.7
Portugal	80	45	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Romania	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	100	45	55	0.8	0.8	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	70	40	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,380	670	715	11.7	11.7	11.9
Other places of birth in Europe	570	290	280	4.8	5.1	4.6
Africa	630	320	305	5.4	5.6	5.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Egypt	55	30	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Morocco	55	35	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Nigeria	110	50	55	0.9	0.9	0.9
Somalia	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	125	60	65	1.1	1.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	220	125	95	1.9	2.2	1.6
Asia	5,960	2,920	3,045	50.7	50.9	50.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	185	105	80	1.6	1.8	1.3
Iraq	55	35	20	0.5	0.6	0.3
Lebanon	140	85	60	1.2	1.5	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	400	210	190	3.4	3.7	3.2
Turkey	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,675	820	855	14.2	14.3	14.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	130	85	45	1.1	1.5	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
Taiwan	160	70	90	1.4	1.2	1.5
Philippines	1,010	385	625	8.6	6.7	10.4
Viet Nam	525	260	265	4.5	4.5	4.4
Bangladesh	85	55	30	0.7	1.0	0.5
India	840	475	360	7.1	8.3	6.0
Pakistan	80	45	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	65	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	530	225	305	4.5	3.9	5.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	70	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,860	2,445	2,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	465	210	250	9.6	8.6	10.4
Brazil	50	30	20	1.0	1.2	0.8
Colombia	35	10	25	0.7	0.4	1.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	110	45	60	2.3	1.8	2.5
Mexico	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
United States of America	140	45	90	2.9	1.8	3.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	100	65	35	2.1	2.7	1.5
Europe	445	210	230	9.2	8.6	9.5
France	45	25	20	0.9	1.0	0.8
Germany	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	35	10	20	0.7	0.4	0.8
Russian Federation	50	15	25	1.0	0.6	1.0
Ukraine	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	60	70	2.7	2.5	2.9
Other places of birth in Europe	135	70	70	2.8	2.9	2.9
Africa	265	130	130	5.5	5.3	5.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	85	40	45	1.7	1.6	1.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	35	25	1.3	1.4	1.0
Asia	3,660	1,880	1,780	75.3	76.9	73.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	45	30	20	0.9	1.2	0.8
China⁹⁰	1,170	595	575	24.1	24.3	23.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	40	30	1.4	1.6	1.2
India	665	385	275	13.7	15.7	11.4
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Iraq	40	25	15	0.8	1.0	0.6
Israel	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Lebanon	30	20	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Nepal	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Philippines	630	255	370	13.0	10.4	15.4
Saudi Arabia	20	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.4
Sri Lanka	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	220	125	95	4.5	5.1	3.9
Turkey	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
United Arab Emirates	55	15	35	1.1	0.6	1.5
Viet Nam	470	245	230	9.7	10.0	9.5
Other places of birth in Asia	120	55	60	2.5	2.2	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.6
Australia	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	150,480	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,220	9,240	8,975	12.1	12.6	11.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,775	4,825	4,950	6.5	6.6	6.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	122,490	59,475	63,015	81.4	80.9	81.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,595	4,735	4,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,100	3,605	3,490	74.0	76.1	71.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,920	1,635	1,285	30.4	34.5	26.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,175	1,975	2,205	43.5	41.7	45.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,420	585	835	14.8	12.4	17.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,010	515	500	10.5	10.9	10.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	35	30	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,595	4,735	4,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,525	740	785	15.9	15.6	16.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	370	170	200	3.9	3.6	4.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	915	505	405	9.5	10.7	8.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,710	3,290	3,420	69.9	69.5	70.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,305	7,415	6,885	9.5	10.1	8.9
South Asian	3,740	2,285	1,450	2.5	3.1	1.9
Chinese	3,340	1,615	1,725	2.2	2.2	2.2
Black	1,815	990	830	1.2	1.3	1.1
Filipino	1,760	725	1,040	1.2	1.0	1.4
Arab	1,130	610	520	0.8	0.8	0.7
Latin American	590	285	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	1,040	485	555	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	290	165	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	190	50	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	175	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	136,175	66,120	70,050	90.5	89.9	91.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	150,485	73,545	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	22,820	11,135	11,685	15.2	15.1	15.2
English	36,050	17,215	18,835	24.0	23.4	24.5
Irish	41,845	19,570	22,280	27.8	26.6	29.0
Scottish	51,235	24,155	27,080	34.0	32.8	35.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,355	10,150	11,200	14.2	13.8	14.6
German	7,175	3,385	3,785	4.8	4.6	4.9
Chinese	3,050	1,450	1,600	2.0	2.0	2.1
Italian	1,655	825	835	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indian (India)	2,280	1,440	840	1.5	2.0	1.1
Ukrainian	1,050	530	520	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dutch	4,465	2,205	2,260	3.0	3.0	2.9
Polish	1,060	445	610	0.7	0.6	0.8
Québécois	195	115	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,170	1,575	1,595	2.1	2.1	2.1
Filipino	1,600	675	925	1.1	0.9	1.2
French Canadian	970	445	525	0.6	0.6	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	6,135	2,975	3,160	4.1	4.0	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,705	770	935	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis	920	445	470	0.6	0.6	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,235	1,060	1,165	1.5	1.4	1.5
Russian	545	240	305	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	620	260	365	0.4	0.4	0.5
Welsh	2,495	1,230	1,260	1.7	1.7	1.6
Portuguese	425	215	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	1,080	510	570	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	560	290	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	425	160	265	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hungarian	425	215	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	8,265	3,935	4,330	5.5	5.4	5.6
Pakistani	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	480	230	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	255	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	420	195	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	730	350	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	485	270	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Greek	220	115	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	305	160	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	410	225	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	715	365	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian	205	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	555	275	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	690	340	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	725	345	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	225	145	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austrian	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	340	155	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	290	200	90	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexican	255	160	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	500	265	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	105	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	250	85	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,560	735	830	1.0	1.0	1.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	360	170	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	130	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	390	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	370	200	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	200	110	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	255	110	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	110	80	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	185	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	175	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	95	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	255	110	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	60	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	195	75	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	50	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	85	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	40	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	105	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	3,150	1,490	1,660	2.1	2.0	2.2
Maliseet	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Edo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	150,480	73,540	76,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	750	320	430	0.5	0.4	0.6
Christian	101,755	47,925	53,835	67.6	65.2	70.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,190	4,485	4,710	6.1	6.1	6.1
Anabaptist	170	120	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anglican	5,020	2,250	2,775	3.3	3.1	3.6
Baptist	4,700	2,145	2,560	3.1	2.9	3.3
Catholic	51,785	24,740	27,045	34.4	33.6	35.2
Christian Orthodox	405	200	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	485	205	280	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	245	100	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	785	365	425	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,010	485	525	0.7	0.7	0.7
Presbyterian	6,520	3,090	3,425	4.3	4.2	4.5
Reformed	320	145	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	14,630	6,560	8,075	9.7	8.9	10.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	6,305	2,950	3,355	4.2	4.0	4.4
Hindu	1,250	840	405	0.8	1.1	0.5
Jewish	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,720	985	740	1.1	1.3	1.0
Sikh	1,165	685	480	0.8	0.9	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	765	295	470	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	42,835	22,385	20,445	28.5	30.4	26.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	149,245	72,945	76,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	130,455	63,810	66,650	87.4	87.5	87.4
Movers	18,790	9,135	9,650	12.6	12.5	12.6
Non-migrants	9,310	4,530	4,780	6.2	6.2	6.3
Migrants	9,480	4,605	4,875	6.4	6.3	6.4
Internal migrants	8,180	4,005	4,180	5.5	5.5	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,225	2,005	2,220	2.8	2.7	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,955	2,000	1,955	2.7	2.7	2.6
External migrants	1,295	600	695	0.9	0.8	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	143,740	70,150	73,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	84,535	41,055	43,475	58.8	58.5	59.1
Movers	59,205	29,095	30,110	41.2	41.5	40.9
Non-migrants	15,485	7,595	7,890	10.8	10.8	10.7
Migrants	43,715	21,495	22,220	30.4	30.6	30.2
Internal migrants	35,150	16,985	18,165	24.5	24.2	24.7
Intraprovincial migrants	22,800	10,805	11,995	15.9	15.4	16.3
Interprovincial migrants	12,355	6,185	6,170	8.6	8.8	8.4
External migrants	8,570	4,510	4,060	6.0	6.4	5.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,245	13,000	9,245	17.5	21.2	14.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	104,655	48,455	56,205	82.5	78.9	85.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,465	37,375	40,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,870	5,190	2,680	10.2	13.9	6.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,595	32,190	37,410	89.8	86.1	93.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	126,895	61,450	65,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,385	11,710	8,680	16.1	19.1	13.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,980	18,305	17,675	28.4	29.8	27.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	70,530	31,435	39,095	55.6	51.2	59.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	42,635	19,625	23,015	33.6	31.9	35.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,245	6,125	2,125	6.5	10.0	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,255	2,815	1,435	3.4	4.6	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,990	3,305	690	3.1	5.4	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	31,135	12,375	18,760	24.5	20.1	28.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,260	1,125	2,130	2.6	1.8	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,890	11,810	16,080	22.0	19.2	24.6
Bachelor's degree	18,950	7,890	11,060	14.9	12.8	16.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,510	630	880	1.2	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	700	335	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	5,930	2,465	3,465	4.7	4.0	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	800	495	305	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,465	37,375	40,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,070	4,590	2,480	9.1	12.3	6.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,245	10,890	9,350	26.1	29.1	23.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,155	21,900	28,255	64.7	58.6	70.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,955	13,375	15,580	37.4	35.8	38.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,140	3,920	1,225	6.6	10.5	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,525	1,750	775	3.3	4.7	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,615	2,170	445	3.4	5.8	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,955	8,775	13,180	28.3	23.5	32.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,865	680	1,180	2.4	1.8	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,195	8,525	12,670	27.4	22.8	31.6
Bachelor's degree	14,335	5,735	8,600	18.5	15.3	21.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,035	420	610	1.3	1.1	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	545	225	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	4,685	1,795	2,890	6.0	4.8	7.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	595	350	240	0.8	0.9	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	56,365	30,015	26,355	44.4	48.8	40.3
Education	5,125	1,330	3,790	4.0	2.2	5.8
13. Education	5,125	1,330	3,790	4.0	2.2	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,665	720	940	1.3	1.2	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	95	30	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,535	625	910	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	3,490	1,500	1,985	2.8	2.4	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	30	175	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	880	305	580	0.7	0.5	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	770	285	485	0.6	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	285	165	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	475	260	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	660	395	260	0.5	0.6	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	35	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,595	1,920	4,680	5.2	3.1	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	665	245	415	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,490	85	1,405	1.2	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,070	275	795	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,310	345	970	1.0	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,845	905	940	1.5	1.5	1.4
Business, management and public administration	17,520	5,815	11,700	13.8	9.5	17.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,615	315	1,300	1.3	0.5	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,870	5,495	10,375	12.5	8.9	15.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,865	1,225	1,645	2.3	2.0	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,405	635	770	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	790	270	520	0.6	0.4	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	530	305	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,905	1,955	945	2.3	3.2	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,595	1,830	760	2.0	3.0	1.2
25. Library science	115	10	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	185	110	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,630	11,710	920	10.0	19.1	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	300	185	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,715	1,460	260	1.4	2.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,460	2,150	310	1.9	3.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,745	3,660	85	3.0	6.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,760	2,690	70	2.2	4.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,645	1,560	85	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,285	1,290	995	1.8	2.1	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,705	945	760	1.3	1.5	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	580	345	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	11,305	1,710	9,595	8.9	2.8	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	740	390	350	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,360	1,215	9,145	8.2	2.0	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,150	2,255	1,890	3.3	3.7	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,300	645	1,660	1.8	1.0	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80	60	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	690	540	155	0.5	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,065	1,000	60	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	77,470	37,375	40,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,315	15,480	11,830	35.3	41.4	29.5
Education	3,205	805	2,400	4.1	2.2	6.0
13. Education	3,205	805	2,400	4.1	2.2	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,190	520	665	1.5	1.4	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,080	445	635	1.4	1.2	1.6
Humanities	2,425	955	1,470	3.1	2.6	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	20	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	675	215	460	0.9	0.6	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	545	205	335	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	105	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	285	130	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
54. History	430	235	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,015	1,340	3,675	6.5	3.6	9.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	520	180	335	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,085	40	1,045	1.4	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	860	180	685	1.1	0.5	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	1,030	265	760	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,365	640	725	1.8	1.7	1.8
Business, management and public administration	12,520	4,065	8,455	16.2	10.9	21.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,215	255	960	1.6	0.7	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,275	3,810	7,470	14.6	10.2	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,930	785	1,140	2.5	2.1	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	985	415	570	1.3	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	525	170	360	0.7	0.5	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	355	205	150	0.5	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,180	1,485	700	2.8	4.0	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,985	1,405	585	2.6	3.8	1.5
25. Library science	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,795	8,040	755	11.4	21.5	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	220	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,300	1,080	215	1.7	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,720	1,485	235	2.2	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,570	2,505	65	3.3	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,865	1,805	65	2.4	4.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,115	1,045	70	1.4	2.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,645	860	785	2.1	2.3	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,195	590	605	1.5	1.6	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	445	265	180	0.6	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	8,175	1,375	6,800	10.6	3.7	17.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	550	315	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,475	1,000	6,475	9.6	2.7	16.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,080	1,670	1,410	4.0	4.5	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,725	490	1,230	2.2	1.3	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	565	435	135	0.7	1.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	750	700	50	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	77,470	37,375	40,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,315	15,480	11,830	35.3	41.4	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	50,155	21,900	28,255	64.7	58.6	70.5
Location of study inside Canada	44,390	19,190	25,195	57.3	51.3	62.8
Same as province or territory of residence	28,780	12,385	16,400	37.1	33.1	40.9
Different than province or territory of residence	15,605	6,810	8,800	20.1	18.2	22.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,765	2,705	3,060	7.4	7.2	7.6
Americas	1,075	475	600	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	750	325	425	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mexico	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	970	535	435	1.3	1.4	1.1
Belgium	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	85	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	405	250	155	0.5	0.7	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	175	95	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	3,450	1,560	1,895	4.5	4.2	4.7
Iran⁸⁸	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,005	455	550	1.3	1.2	1.4
Taiwan	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japan	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	710	260	450	0.9	0.7	1.1
Viet Nam	265	125	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bangladesh	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	720	400	320	0.9	1.1	0.8
Pakistan	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	130	30	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	126,895	61,450	65,445	...	...	...
In the labour force	83,500	42,850	40,650	...	...	...
Employed	74,870	38,215	36,655	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,625	4,640	3,985	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,400	18,600	24,805	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.8	69.7	62.1	65.8	69.7	62.1
Employment rate	59.0	62.2	56.0	59.0	62.2	56.0
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.8	9.8	10.3	10.8	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	126,900	61,450	65,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	42,395	18,215	24,180	33.4	29.6	36.9
Worked	84,505	43,235	41,270	66.6	70.4	63.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	42,145	22,300	19,845	33.2	36.3	30.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	42,360	20,935	21,420	33.4	34.1	32.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.6	39.5	39.6	39.6	39.5	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	83,500	42,855	40,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,550	770	785	1.9	1.8	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	81,950	42,080	39,865	98.1	98.2	98.1
Employee	71,500	35,120	36,380	85.6	82.0	89.5
Permanent position	51,320	24,915	26,400	61.5	58.1	65.0
Temporary position	20,185	10,200	9,985	24.2	23.8	24.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,005	1,745	2,265	4.8	4.1	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	16,175	8,455	7,720	19.4	19.7	19.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,445	6,960	3,485	12.5	16.2	8.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	83,500	42,855	40,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,550	770	785	1.9	1.8	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	81,950	42,080	39,865	98.1	98.2	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	830	505	325	1.0	1.2	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,330	3,500	8,825	14.8	8.2	21.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,040	3,685	1,355	6.0	8.6	3.3
3 Health occupations	6,815	1,020	5,790	8.2	2.4	14.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,090	2,990	7,095	12.1	7.0	17.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,855	875	985	2.2	2.0	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	19,750	8,170	11,575	23.7	19.1	28.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,165	13,110	1,060	17.0	30.6	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,760	5,385	1,370	8.1	12.6	3.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,330	2,835	1,490	5.2	6.6	3.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	83,500	42,855	40,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,550	770	785	1.9	1.8	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	81,950	42,080	39,865	98.1	98.2	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	7,530	5,680	1,845	9.0	13.3	4.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	200	190	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	320	250	75	0.4	0.6	0.2
23 Construction	6,690	6,035	660	8.0	14.1	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	6,760	4,600	2,155	8.1	10.7	5.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,395	1,045	350	1.7	2.4	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	8,960	4,180	4,780	10.7	9.8	11.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,695	2,080	615	3.2	4.9	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	775	435	340	0.9	1.0	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,845	705	1,140	2.2	1.6	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	920	540	385	1.1	1.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,280	2,320	1,960	5.1	5.4	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,975	1,750	1,225	3.6	4.1	3.0
61 Educational services	6,100	1,915	4,190	7.3	4.5	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	10,455	1,685	8,775	12.5	3.9	21.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,705	960	740	2.0	2.2	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	5,480	2,170	3,315	6.6	5.1	8.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,655	1,740	1,915	4.4	4.1	4.7
91 Public administration	9,105	3,765	5,340	10.9	8.8	13.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	90,300	46,115	44,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	85,630	44,185	41,440	94.8	95.8	93.8
French	725	230	495	0.8	0.5	1.1
Non-official language	355	175	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	355	175	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	2,475	925	1,550	2.7	2.0	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,065	575	495	1.2	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	90,300	46,115	44,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,785	45,860	43,925	99.4	99.4	99.4
Official languages	89,165	45,565	43,600	98.7	98.8	98.7
English	87,960	45,185	42,775	97.4	98.0	96.8
French	1,205	380	825	1.3	0.8	1.9
Non-official languages	625	295	330	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	625	295	325	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	115	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	405	165	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	395	160	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	355	135	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	510	255	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	225	80	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	280	165	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	90,300	46,115	44,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	87,190	44,825	42,360	96.6	97.2	95.9
English	720	265	455	0.8	0.6	1.0
French	1,780	695	1,080	2.0	1.5	2.4
Non-official language	500	280	215	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	475	275	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	74,875	38,210	36,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,180	5,325	5,850	14.9	13.9	16.0
Worked outside Canada	170	105	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	10,805	8,295	2,510	14.4	21.7	6.8
Usual place of work	52,715	24,485	28,230	70.4	64.1	77.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	52,715	24,485	28,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,720	9,930	11,790	41.2	40.6	41.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	24,580	11,155	13,425	46.6	45.6	47.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,980	2,690	2,290	9.4	11.0	8.1
Commute to a different province or territory	1,440	710	730	2.7	2.9	2.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	63,525	32,785	30,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	58,715	30,460	28,255	92.4	92.9	91.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	53,830	28,505	25,325	84.7	86.9	82.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,885	1,960	2,925	7.7	6.0	9.5
Public transit	890	420	465	1.4	1.3	1.5
Walked	2,670	1,245	1,425	4.2	3.8	4.6
Bicycle	170	110	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other method	1,080	550	535	1.7	1.7	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	63,525	32,785	30,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	29,520	14,475	15,045	46.5	44.2	48.9
15 to 29 minutes	21,580	11,075	10,510	34.0	33.8	34.2
30 to 44 minutes	7,555	4,115	3,435	11.9	12.6	11.2
45 to 59 minutes	2,885	1,740	1,150	4.5	5.3	3.7
60 minutes and over	1,975	1,370	605	3.1	4.2	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	63,525	32,785	30,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,490	2,370	1,120	5.5	7.2	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,915	6,490	4,420	17.2	19.8	14.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	21,485	11,240	10,245	33.8	34.3	33.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,305	5,405	7,895	20.9	16.5	25.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,725	2,345	3,380	9.0	7.2	11.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,610	4,930	3,675	13.6	15.0	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,300	14,995	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,870	1,395	1,470	9.8	9.3	10.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,430	13,600	12,835	90.2	90.7	89.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,030	11,250	10,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,230	1,055	1,175	10.1	9.4	10.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,440	655	785	6.5	5.8	7.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	790	400	390	3.6	3.6	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,800	10,190	9,605	89.9	90.6	89.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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