Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health UnitMore information: Ontario [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	179,830	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	84,998	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	76,527	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	179,830	87,955	91,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25,555	13,070	12,485	14.2	14.9	13.6
0 to 4 years	7,890	4,015	3,880	4.4	4.6	4.2
5 to 9 years	8,635	4,450	4,185	4.8	5.1	4.6
10 to 14 years	9,025	4,605	4,420	5.0	5.2	4.8
15 to 64 years	107,585	53,105	54,480	59.8	60.4	59.3
15 to 19 years	8,795	4,535	4,260	4.9	5.2	4.6
20 to 24 years	7,795	4,065	3,735	4.3	4.6	4.1
25 to 29 years	8,655	4,450	4,205	4.8	5.1	4.6
30 to 34 years	9,825	4,925	4,900	5.5	5.6	5.3
35 to 39 years	9,675	4,790	4,885	5.4	5.4	5.3
40 to 44 years	9,210	4,500	4,705	5.1	5.1	5.1
45 to 49 years	10,315	4,965	5,350	5.7	5.6	5.8
50 to 54 years	11,790	5,685	6,110	6.6	6.5	6.7
55 to 59 years	15,545	7,575	7,970	8.6	8.6	8.7
60 to 64 years	15,980	7,620	8,360	8.9	8.7	9.1
65 years and over	46,690	21,775	24,910	26.0	24.8	27.1
65 to 69 years	14,800	7,025	7,780	8.2	8.0	8.5
70 to 74 years	12,900	6,265	6,640	7.2	7.1	7.2
75 to 79 years	8,435	4,135	4,300	4.7	4.7	4.7
80 to 84 years	5,335	2,420	2,910	3.0	2.8	3.2
85 years and over	5,220	1,935	3,280	2.9	2.2	3.6
85 to 89 years	3,215	1,300	1,915	1.8	1.5	2.1
90 to 94 years	1,495	525	965	0.8	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	445	100	345	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	70	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	14.9	13.6	14.2	14.9	13.6
15 to 64 years	59.8	60.4	59.3	59.8	60.4	59.3
65 years and over	26.0	24.8	27.1	26.0	24.8	27.1
85 years and over	2.9	2.2	3.6	2.9	2.2	3.6
Average age of the population	46.4	45.4	47.3	46.4	45.4	47.3
Median age of the population	50.0	48.8	51.2	50.0	48.8	51.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	76,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	57,675	...	...	75.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,935	...	...	5.1	...	...
Row house	3,170	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	770	...	...	1.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,740	...	...	11.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,130	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	310	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	795	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	76,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	20,920	...	...	27.3	...	...
2 persons	31,545	...	...	41.2	...	...
3 persons	10,570	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	8,765	...	...	11.5	...	...
5 or more persons	4,720	...	...	6.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	176,650	86,730	89,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	154,270	74,880	79,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	95,455	47,560	47,895	61.9	63.5	60.3
Married	77,060	38,415	38,640	50.0	51.3	48.7
Living common-law	18,390	9,140	9,250	11.9	12.2	11.7
Living common law - Never married	11,225	5,615	5,605	7.3	7.5	7.1
Living common law - Separated	1,325	730	595	0.9	1.0	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	5,075	2,460	2,615	3.3	3.3	3.3
Living common law - Widowed	770	330	435	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	58,820	27,325	31,500	38.1	36.5	39.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,260	18,395	14,870	21.6	24.6	18.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,825	2,175	2,655	3.1	2.9	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	10,235	4,315	5,915	6.6	5.8	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,500	2,445	8,060	6.8	3.3	10.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	54,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	32,730	...	...	60.0	...	...
3 persons	10,180	...	...	18.7	...	...
4 persons	8,180	...	...	15.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,480	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	54,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	46,945	...	...	86.0	...	...
Married couples	37,755	...	...	69.2	...	...
With children⁶	15,450	...	...	28.3	...	...
Without children	22,305	...	...	40.9	...	...
Common-law couples	9,195	...	...	16.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,555	...	...	6.5	...	...
Without children	5,635	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,620	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,645	...	...	10.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,980	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	176,650	86,730	89,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	147,320	73,370	73,950	83.4	84.6	82.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	93,895	46,820	47,070	53.2	54.0	52.3
Parents in one-parent families	7,620	1,980	5,640	4.3	2.3	6.3
Children⁶	45,810	24,575	21,235	25.9	28.3	23.6
In a two-parent family	34,325	18,265	16,055	19.4	21.1	17.9
In a one-parent family	11,485	6,305	5,180	6.5	7.3	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,330	13,355	15,975	16.6	15.4	17.8
Living alone	20,920	9,100	11,815	11.8	10.5	13.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,190	1,300	1,890	1.8	1.5	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	5,220	2,955	2,265	3.0	3.4	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	76,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	49,210	...	...	64.3	...	...
Couple-family households	43,270	...	...	56.5	...	...
With children⁶	17,455	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	25,815	...	...	33.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,940	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,650	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	395	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,000	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,350	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	20,920	...	...	27.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	151,115	73,670	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	147,165	71,665	75,500	97.4	97.3	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,400	38,400	42,800	48,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	147,245	71,700	75,540	97.4	97.3	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	34,800	38,400	42,800	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	131,255	65,020	66,235	86.9	88.3	85.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,600	30,000	36,400	43,600	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,530	51,700	48,830	66.5	70.2	63.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,400	31,600	36,800	42,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	132,250	63,430	68,820	87.5	86.1	88.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	9,400	12,100	11,000	9,400	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,810	6,200	6,605	8.5	8.4	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,840	5,880	5,840	5,840	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,710	14,750	16,955	21.0	20.0	21.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	151,120	73,670	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	146,970	71,600	75,370	97.3	97.2	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,150	58,850	45,760	52,150	58,850	45,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	147,045	71,635	75,410	97.3	97.2	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,080	48,960	39,440	44,080	48,960	39,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130,535	64,875	65,655	86.4	88.1	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,040	54,700	39,480	47,040	54,700	39,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,530	51,765	48,760	66.5	70.3	63.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	51,500	39,280	45,560	51,500	39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	132,195	63,260	68,940	87.5	85.9	89.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,530	10,540	12,430	11,530	10,540	12,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,945	6,270	6,675	8.6	8.5	8.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,020	6,580	7,430	7,020	6,580	7,430
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,830	14,695	17,140	21.1	19.9	22.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,640	8,390	8,840	8,640	8,390	8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	151,120	73,670	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	48,540	27,205	21,335	32.1	36.9	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	66,500	57,200	62,000	66,500	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,700	74,800	63,200	69,700	74,800	63,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	36,755	16,750	20,005	24.3	22.7	25.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	20,000	16,000	17,800	20,000	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,760	30,520	23,660	26,760	30,520	23,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.2	84.2	75.2	80.2	84.2	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.8	63.2	55.5	59.8	63.2	55.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.9	15.8	24.8	19.9	15.8	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.4	5.4	4.3	3.4	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	2.9	4.4	3.6	2.9	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	151,120	73,670	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,950	2,005	1,945	2.6	2.7	2.5
With total income	147,170	71,665	75,500	97.4	97.3	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,220	4,420	5,800	6.9	6.2	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	18,215	7,330	10,890	12.4	10.2	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	21,425	9,115	12,315	14.6	12.7	16.3
$30,000 to $39,999	18,610	8,140	10,470	12.6	11.4	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	17,550	7,970	9,580	11.9	11.1	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	14,840	7,260	7,585	10.1	10.1	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	11,650	6,115	5,540	7.9	8.5	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	8,630	4,980	3,650	5.9	6.9	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	6,615	3,970	2,640	4.5	5.5	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	5,200	3,045	2,155	3.5	4.2	2.8
$100,000 and over	14,200	9,320	4,880	9.6	13.0	6.5
$100,000 to $149,999	10,400	6,525	3,875	7.1	9.1	5.1
$150,000 and over	3,790	2,795	995	2.6	3.9	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	151,120	73,670	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,870	1,970	1,905	2.6	2.7	2.5
With after-tax income	147,245	71,705	75,545	97.4	97.3	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,160	4,685	6,470	7.6	6.5	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	18,945	7,630	11,315	12.9	10.6	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	24,355	10,470	13,885	16.5	14.6	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	22,660	10,120	12,540	15.4	14.1	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	20,445	9,830	10,610	13.9	13.7	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	15,575	8,075	7,500	10.6	11.3	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	11,080	6,400	4,680	7.5	8.9	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	7,610	4,590	3,025	5.2	6.4	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	5,610	3,150	2,460	3.8	4.4	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,280	2,060	1,220	2.2	2.9	1.6
$100,000 and over	6,530	4,700	1,830	4.4	6.5	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,665	2,590	1,075	2.5	3.6	1.4
$125,000 and over	2,860	2,105	755	1.9	2.9	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	151,120	73,670	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	50,585	21,970	28,615	33.5	29.8	36.9
With employment income	100,530	51,700	48,830	66.5	70.2	63.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	16,225	7,940	8,280	16.1	15.4	17.0
$5,000 to $9,999	7,475	3,210	4,270	7.4	6.2	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	11,245	5,065	6,185	11.2	9.8	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	9,105	4,125	4,975	9.1	8.0	10.2
$30,000 to $39,999	9,280	4,375	4,900	9.2	8.5	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	9,010	4,305	4,705	9.0	8.3	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,205	4,205	4,000	8.2	8.1	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,720	3,655	3,065	6.7	7.1	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,130	3,185	1,945	5.1	6.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,335	2,680	1,660	4.3	5.2	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,975	2,220	1,765	4.0	4.3	3.6
$100,000 and over	9,825	6,730	3,095	9.8	13.0	6.3
$100,000 to $124,999	5,280	3,315	1,965	5.3	6.4	4.0
$125,000 and over	4,545	3,415	1,130	4.5	6.6	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	151,115	73,670	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	144,970	70,510	74,460	95.9	95.7	96.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,000	36,000	41,200	48,000	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	145,050	70,515	74,540	96.0	95.7	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,400	32,800	36,800	42,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	130,035	64,285	65,750	86.1	87.3	84.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,800	31,400	37,600	44,800	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,355	51,945	49,410	67.1	70.5	63.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	32,800	38,000	44,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	126,360	60,620	65,740	83.6	82.3	84.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	4,160	8,500	7,200	4,160	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,210	5,360	5,845	7.4	7.3	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,680	5,440	5,600	5,680	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	151,120	73,670	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	144,855	70,380	74,470	95.9	95.5	96.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,240	57,550	43,280	50,240	57,550	43,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	144,940	70,390	74,550	95.9	95.5	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240	47,640	37,120	42,240	47,640	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	129,580	64,090	65,485	85.7	87.0	84.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	55,550	39,520	47,440	55,550	39,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,305	51,895	49,410	67.0	70.4	63.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,440	52,900	39,640	46,440	52,900	39,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	126,225	60,470	65,760	83.5	82.1	84.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,950	8,130	9,690	8,950	8,130	9,690
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,375	5,455	5,920	7.5	7.4	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,090	6,680	7,480	7,090	6,680	7,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	151,120	73,670	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	48,225	27,000	21,225	31.9	36.6	27.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	64,500	53,600	59,200	64,500	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,800	72,600	59,500	66,800	72,600	59,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,930	15,755	19,170	23.1	21.4	24.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	26,400	21,400	23,400	26,400	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,920	38,400	28,440	32,920	38,400	28,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.4	87.8	80.2	84.4	87.8	80.2
Employment income (%)	64.6	67.8	60.8	64.6	67.8	60.8
Government transfers (%)	15.5	12.1	19.8	15.5	12.1	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	76,525	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	20,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	55,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	76,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...	84,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,560	...	...	50,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,120	...	...	43,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	55,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,800	...	...	118,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,300	...	...	100,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	76,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	525	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	310	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	835	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,500	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,760	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,505	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,355	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,760	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,000	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,875	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,660	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,630	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,320	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,015	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,830	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	30,635	...	...	40.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,655	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,005	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,915	...	...	10.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,070	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	76,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	630	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	340	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	855	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,540	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,910	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,885	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,835	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,315	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,475	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,420	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,695	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,585	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,255	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,830	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,190	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,775	...	...	31.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,620	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,965	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,195	...	...	10.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	53,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	26,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	19,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	26,140	12,055	14,085	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,400	38,800	39,600	40,400	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,400	35,600	36,000	36,400	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	53,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,800	...	...	118,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,300	...	...	100,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,600	...	...	105,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,900	...	...	88,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,800	...	...	150,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...	77,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,800	...	...	68,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	26,140	12,055	14,085	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,360	50,400	46,640	48,360	50,400	46,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,440	42,360	40,600	41,440	42,360	40,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	176,650	86,725	89,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,940	15,865	15,080	17.5	18.3	16.8
0 to 5 years	9,645	4,890	4,755	5.5	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	101,560	49,865	51,690	57.5	57.5	57.5
65 years and over	44,150	21,000	23,150	25.0	24.2	25.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,440	7,715	8,720	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,035	1,595	1,445	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	980	510	465	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,645	4,150	4,490	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,760	1,975	2,790	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.9	9.7	9.3	8.9	9.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.8	10.0	9.6	9.8	10.0	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.2	10.4	9.9	10.2	10.4	9.9
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	8.3	8.7	8.5	8.3	8.7
65 years and over (%)	10.8	9.4	12.0	10.8	9.4	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	176,650	86,725	89,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,945	15,865	15,080	17.5	18.3	16.8
0 to 5 years	9,645	4,890	4,755	5.5	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	101,555	49,865	51,690	57.5	57.5	57.5
65 years and over	44,150	21,000	23,150	25.0	24.2	25.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,365	2,345	2,020	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	580	325	255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	160	85	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,315	1,790	1,520	...	...	...
65 years and over	475	235	245	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.7	2.3	2.5	2.7	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	2.0	1.7	1.9	2.0	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.6	3.0	3.3	3.6	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	176,650	86,725	89,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	83,865	40,055	43,810	47.5	46.2	48.7
In bottom decile	14,440	7,050	7,395	8.2	8.1	8.2
In second decile	16,155	7,375	8,785	9.1	8.5	9.8
In third decile	17,075	8,080	9,000	9.7	9.3	10.0
In fourth decile	17,845	8,620	9,220	10.1	9.9	10.3
In fifth decile	18,345	8,935	9,410	10.4	10.3	10.5
In top half of the distribution	92,785	46,670	46,115	52.5	53.8	51.3
In sixth decile	18,850	9,330	9,515	10.7	10.8	10.6
In seventh decile	19,500	9,720	9,780	11.0	11.2	10.9
In eighth decile	19,380	9,745	9,635	11.0	11.2	10.7
In ninth decile	19,505	9,885	9,620	11.0	11.4	10.7
In top decile	15,550	7,990	7,555	8.8	9.2	8.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	176,650	...	...	176,650	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	177,825	87,210	90,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	153,720	76,510	77,205	86.4	87.7	85.2
French only	110	40	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	23,790	10,565	13,225	13.4	12.1	14.6
Neither English nor French	205	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	177,825	87,210	90,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	171,230	84,170	87,060	96.3	96.5	96.1
French	6,055	2,805	3,250	3.4	3.2	3.6
English and French	365	160	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	177,825	87,210	90,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	175,350	86,030	89,320	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	168,895	83,030	85,870	95.0	95.2	94.8
English	162,685	80,160	82,520	91.5	91.9	91.1
French	6,215	2,870	3,345	3.5	3.3	3.7
Non-official languages	6,450	3,000	3,455	3.6	3.4	3.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,400	2,975	3,430	3.6	3.4	3.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	180	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	330	180	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	300	160	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	215	60	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	45	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,840	2,285	2,555	2.7	2.6	2.8
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	935	425	510	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	890	415	480	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	340	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	195	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,045	955	1,095	1.2	1.1	1.2
Frisian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,030	470	560	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	980	450	530	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	900	430	470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	835	400	440	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	85	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	660	330	330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	550	270	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	75	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	200	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	990	465	525	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	270	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	205	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	430	185	250	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	345	140	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	340	140	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	185	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	180	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,475	1,180	1,295	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	1,595	755	845	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	725	365	360	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	177,825	87,210	90,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	167,930	82,695	85,235	94.4	94.8	94.1
French	1,170	550	625	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	870	405	460	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	865	405	460	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	3,765	1,650	2,115	2.1	1.9	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,555	1,670	1,885	2.0	1.9	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	405	175	230	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	177,825	87,210	90,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	176,530	86,625	89,900	99.3	99.3	99.2
Official languages	174,720	85,765	88,955	98.3	98.3	98.2
English	173,045	85,005	88,040	97.3	97.5	97.2
French	1,675	760	910	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-official languages	1,805	860	945	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,795	855	935	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,070	510	560	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	385	190	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	315	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	45	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	255	125	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	145	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,300	585	715	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	685	295	395	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	565	270	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	177,825	87,210	90,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	171,125	84,170	86,955	96.2	96.5	96.0
English	1,205	550	655	0.7	0.6	0.7
French	2,685	1,195	1,495	1.5	1.4	1.6
Non-official language	2,235	1,040	1,200	1.3	1.2	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,205	1,020	1,185	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	265	115	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	176,650	86,745	89,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	176,455	86,675	89,785	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	176,325	86,610	89,710	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	23,825	10,505	13,320	13.5	12.1	14.8
Non-official languages	10,470	4,735	5,730	5.9	5.5	6.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,355	4,690	5,665	5.9	5.4	6.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	695	340	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	680	330	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	595	285	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	455	160	295	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	115	255	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	115	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,855	3,615	4,235	4.4	4.2	4.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,235	510	730	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baltic languages	80	20	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,170	490	680	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	510	205	300	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	320	125	195	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,990	1,390	1,600	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,835	840	995	1.0	1.0	1.1
German	1,805	820	985	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,080	520	560	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	85	45	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	965	460	505	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	140	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	245	140	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	865	445	415	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	785	405	380	0.4	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	165	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	330	155	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	345	145	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,835	1,265	1,565	1.6	1.5	1.7
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	630	330	310	0.4	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	310	125	180	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,960	845	1,115	1.1	1.0	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	160	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	295	80	220	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	285	80	205	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	385	155	225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	385	155	225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	255	110	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	50	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	240	120	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	176,650	86,745	89,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,785	3,250	3,535	3.8	3.7	3.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,445	3,080	3,360	3.6	3.6	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,850	1,810	2,040	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis	2,465	1,195	1,270	1.4	1.4	1.4
Inuk (Inuit)	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	190	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	169,865	83,495	86,370	96.2	96.3	96.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	176,650	86,745	89,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,400	665	735	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	175,250	86,080	89,170	99.2	99.2	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	76,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	59,880	...	...	78.2	...	...
Renter	16,650	...	...	21.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	76,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,910	...	...	3.8	...	...
Not condominium	73,615	...	...	96.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	76,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	250	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,065	...	...	7.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,550	...	...	24.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	33,470	...	...	43.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,185	...	...	23.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	76,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,470	...	...	17.6	...	...
5 rooms	11,280	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	13,355	...	...	17.5	...	...
7 rooms	12,490	...	...	16.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	25,930	...	...	33.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	76,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	76,045	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	485	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	76,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	74,730	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,795	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	76,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	24,190	...	...	31.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,445	...	...	24.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,035	...	...	13.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,735	...	...	11.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,455	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,550	...	...	4.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,510	...	...	4.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,620	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	76,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	70,975	...	...	92.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,550	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	76,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	36,795	...	...	48.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	37,510	...	...	49.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,220	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	76,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,005	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,715	...	...	10.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,860	...	...	12.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	12,160	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	17,865	...	...	23.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	16,620	...	...	21.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	8,545	...	...	11.2	...	...
85 years and over	2,760	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	75,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	62,710	...	...	83.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,465	...	...	16.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,555	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	76,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,990	...	...	23.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,940	...	...	14.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,290	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,970	...	...	5.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	205	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,290	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	265	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	58,530	...	...	76.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	74,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,875	...	...	6.6	...	...
Not in core need	69,395	...	...	93.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	58,770	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.0	...	...	57.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,253	...	...	1,253	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	463,600	...	...	463,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,610	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.1	...	...	37.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.4	...	...	19.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,088	...	...	1,088	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	176,650	86,745	89,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,980	915	1,065	1.1	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,915	895	1,015	1.1	1.0	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,320	615	705	0.7	0.7	0.8
Métis single ancestry	515	245	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	75	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,575	4,020	4,550	4.9	4.6	5.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,350	3,935	4,415	4.7	4.5	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,485	3,030	3,460	3.7	3.5	3.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,785	870	920	1.0	1.0	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	220	90	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	205	80	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	166,095	81,810	84,290	94.0	94.3	93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	176,650	86,745	89,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	173,815	85,430	88,385	98.4	98.5	98.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,755	15,830	14,920	17.4	18.2	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	143,065	69,600	73,465	81.0	80.2	81.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,830	1,315	1,520	1.6	1.5	1.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	176,650	86,745	89,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	163,930	80,785	83,150	92.8	93.1	92.5
Immigrants⁸¹	12,445	5,795	6,650	7.0	6.7	7.4
Before 1980	6,590	3,210	3,385	3.7	3.7	3.8
1980 to 1990	1,550	610	940	0.9	0.7	1.0
1991 to 2000	1,200	485	715	0.7	0.6	0.8
2001 to 2010	1,495	685	815	0.8	0.8	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,610	805	800	0.9	0.9	0.9
2011 to 2015	690	340	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
2016 to 2021	920	465	445	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	275	170	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,445	5,795	6,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,860	870	995	14.9	15.0	15.0
5 to 14 years	2,780	1,420	1,365	22.3	24.5	20.5
15 to 24 years	2,705	1,120	1,585	21.7	19.3	23.8
25 to 44 years	4,285	2,010	2,275	34.4	34.7	34.2
45 years and over	810	375	440	6.5	6.5	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,445	5,795	6,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,400	875	1,525	19.3	15.1	22.9
Brazil	75	30	40	0.6	0.5	0.6
Colombia	40	0	40	0.3	0.0	0.6
El Salvador	55	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Guyana	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haiti	50	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaica	110	65	50	0.9	1.1	0.8
Mexico	75	30	45	0.6	0.5	0.7
Peru	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	100	45	55	0.8	0.8	0.8
United States of America	1,545	510	1,030	12.4	8.8	15.5
Other places of birth in Americas	305	130	175	2.5	2.2	2.6
Europe	7,440	3,685	3,760	59.8	63.6	56.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	25	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
Croatia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	100	55	50	0.8	0.9	0.8
Germany	855	390	465	6.9	6.7	7.0
Greece	110	65	45	0.9	1.1	0.7
Hungary	105	55	50	0.8	0.9	0.8
Italy	190	120	75	1.5	2.1	1.1
Netherlands	885	455	425	7.1	7.9	6.4
Poland	300	130	170	2.4	2.2	2.6
Portugal	80	45	30	0.6	0.8	0.5
Romania	60	30	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	100	35	60	0.8	0.6	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	90	35	55	0.7	0.6	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,805	1,910	1,900	30.6	33.0	28.6
Other places of birth in Europe	680	330	355	5.5	5.7	5.3
Africa	470	285	190	3.8	4.9	2.9
Algeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egypt	85	55	30	0.7	0.9	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	70	60	1.0	1.2	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	150	95	50	1.2	1.6	0.8
Asia	1,980	875	1,105	15.9	15.1	16.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	75	40	35	0.6	0.7	0.5
Iraq	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanon	80	60	20	0.6	1.0	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	145	65	80	1.2	1.1	1.2
Turkey	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
China⁹⁰	210	80	125	1.7	1.4	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	15	35	0.3	0.3	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	45	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.5
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	385	130	255	3.1	2.2	3.8
Viet Nam	75	15	55	0.6	0.3	0.8
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
India	355	165	190	2.9	2.8	2.9
Pakistan	120	75	50	1.0	1.3	0.8
Sri Lanka	105	55	50	0.8	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	245	110	135	2.0	1.9	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	150	75	70	1.2	1.3	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	915	470	450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	225	100	120	24.6	21.3	26.7
Brazil	20	0	15	2.2	0.0	3.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
United States of America	165	80	80	18.0	17.0	17.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	15	2.2	0.0	3.3
Europe	190	115	70	20.8	24.5	15.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	10	15	2.7	2.1	3.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	70	30	10.9	14.9	6.7
Other places of birth in Europe	30	25	10	3.3	5.3	2.2
Africa	90	55	35	9.8	11.7	7.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	1.6	2.1	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	3.3	3.2	3.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	25	15	4.4	5.3	3.3
Asia	405	180	225	44.3	38.3	50.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20	2.2	0.0	4.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
India	90	60	35	9.8	12.8	7.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	30	15	15	3.3	3.2	3.3
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	30	10	15	3.3	2.1	3.3
Philippines	50	15	30	5.5	3.2	6.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	115	50	65	12.6	10.6	14.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	1.6	0.0	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	1.1	2.1	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	1.1	2.1	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	176,650	86,745	89,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,265	6,735	7,535	8.1	7.8	8.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,485	11,045	11,440	12.7	12.7	12.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	139,900	68,965	70,930	79.2	79.5	78.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,855	2,580	3,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,545	1,205	1,340	43.5	46.7	41.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,110	700	410	19.0	27.1	12.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,435	505	930	24.5	19.6	28.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,445	990	1,455	41.8	38.4	44.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	775	360	410	13.2	14.0	12.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	95	30	65	1.6	1.2	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,855	2,580	3,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	300	155	145	5.1	6.0	4.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	875	420	455	14.9	16.3	13.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	185	45	140	3.2	1.7	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	275	160	115	4.7	6.2	3.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	15	45	1.0	0.6	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,155	1,790	2,370	71.0	69.4	72.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	176,650	86,750	89,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,605	2,715	2,885	3.2	3.1	3.2
South Asian	1,330	675	650	0.8	0.8	0.7
Chinese	615	275	340	0.3	0.3	0.4
Black	1,175	650	525	0.7	0.7	0.6
Filipino	490	190	300	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab	535	280	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	435	160	275	0.2	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	250	105	145	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	235	95	145	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	171,045	84,030	87,015	96.8	96.9	96.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	176,650	86,745	89,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	33,245	16,480	16,770	18.8	19.0	18.7
English	50,005	24,060	25,940	28.3	27.7	28.9
Irish	57,800	27,680	30,120	32.7	31.9	33.5
Scottish	50,410	24,545	25,870	28.5	28.3	28.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,835	11,630	12,205	13.5	13.4	13.6
German	18,100	8,835	9,265	10.2	10.2	10.3
Chinese	835	350	480	0.5	0.4	0.5
Italian	4,960	2,445	2,515	2.8	2.8	2.8
Indian (India)	1,085	535	550	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukrainian	2,925	1,370	1,555	1.7	1.6	1.7
Dutch	10,230	5,180	5,045	5.8	6.0	5.6
Polish	4,475	2,105	2,365	2.5	2.4	2.6
Québécois	420	220	200	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	9,015	4,470	4,540	5.1	5.2	5.0
Filipino	490	205	285	0.3	0.2	0.3
French Canadian	3,820	1,780	2,035	2.2	2.1	2.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,250	2,705	2,545	3.0	3.1	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,195	1,475	1,720	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis	2,590	1,215	1,375	1.5	1.4	1.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,455	1,260	1,195	1.4	1.5	1.3
Russian	1,320	645	665	0.7	0.7	0.7
Norwegian	1,365	670	700	0.8	0.8	0.8
Welsh	4,060	1,915	2,145	2.3	2.2	2.4
Portuguese	600	305	300	0.3	0.4	0.3
American	2,185	1,035	1,150	1.2	1.2	1.3
Spanish	880	400	480	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	1,295	680	610	0.7	0.8	0.7
Hungarian	980	470	515	0.6	0.5	0.6
Acadian	660	275	390	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pakistani	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	315	185	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	505	250	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	830	465	365	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	425	200	225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	300	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	105	40	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	435	200	235	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	450	250	195	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	645	305	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,045	510	535	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,630	810	815	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sikh	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	690	335	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belgian	645	315	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	200	70	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	655	330	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	595	275	320	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sri Lankan	90	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	265	130	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Japanese	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	415	170	250	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	855	465	395	0.5	0.5	0.4
Muslim	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	90	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	200	115	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	430	180	250	0.2	0.2	0.3
Syrian	255	95	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	325	145	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	430	195	230	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hong Konger	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,565	770	795	0.9	0.9	0.9
Persian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	175	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	325	160	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	1,165	510	655	0.7	0.6	0.7
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	70	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	285	115	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	290	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	120	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	240	120	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	220	125	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	300	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	460	170	290	0.3	0.2	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	50	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	135	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	210	65	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	275	115	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	285	130	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	210	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	65	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	70	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	85	45	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	180	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	176,650	86,745	89,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	365	140	225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	106,685	49,745	56,940	60.4	57.3	63.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,500	5,075	5,425	5.9	5.9	6.0
Anabaptist	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	17,000	7,815	9,185	9.6	9.0	10.2
Baptist	1,725	765	955	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catholic	40,880	19,565	21,315	23.1	22.6	23.7
Christian Orthodox	680	320	355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	795	355	445	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	280	130	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	1,230	540	690	0.7	0.6	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,930	795	1,135	1.1	0.9	1.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,025	945	1,080	1.1	1.1	1.2
Presbyterian	4,435	1,935	2,490	2.5	2.2	2.8
Reformed	760	385	375	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Church	19,235	8,715	10,520	10.9	10.0	11.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,155	2,365	2,790	2.9	2.7	3.1
Hindu	330	175	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	340	185	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	660	310	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	310	125	180	0.2	0.1	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	945	380	565	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	66,955	35,665	31,285	37.9	41.1	34.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	175,220	86,035	89,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	156,965	77,295	79,670	89.6	89.8	89.3
Movers	18,260	8,740	9,515	10.4	10.2	10.7
Non-migrants	6,605	3,115	3,490	3.8	3.6	3.9
Migrants	11,655	5,630	6,025	6.7	6.5	6.8
Internal migrants	11,205	5,385	5,825	6.4	6.3	6.5
Intraprovincial migrants	10,355	4,965	5,395	5.9	5.8	6.0
Interprovincial migrants	850	420	430	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	450	245	200	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	168,700	82,740	85,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	105,890	52,580	53,315	62.8	63.5	62.0
Movers	62,810	30,165	32,645	37.2	36.5	38.0
Non-migrants	14,390	6,805	7,585	8.5	8.2	8.8
Migrants	48,420	23,360	25,065	28.7	28.2	29.2
Internal migrants	46,935	22,630	24,310	27.8	27.4	28.3
Intraprovincial migrants	43,160	20,785	22,380	25.6	25.1	26.0
Interprovincial migrants	3,780	1,845	1,935	2.2	2.2	2.3
External migrants	1,480	725	755	0.9	0.9	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	151,115	73,670	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,590	14,300	11,290	16.9	19.4	14.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	125,525	59,370	66,155	83.1	80.6	85.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,470	44,190	46,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,635	6,070	3,565	10.6	13.7	7.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,835	38,120	42,715	89.4	86.3	92.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	151,115	73,670	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,270	12,185	10,085	14.7	16.5	13.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	46,075	23,005	23,070	30.5	31.2	29.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	82,775	38,485	44,290	54.8	52.2	57.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	56,050	27,130	28,920	37.1	36.8	37.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,725	8,195	2,525	7.1	11.1	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,855	3,225	1,630	3.2	4.4	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,870	4,975	895	3.9	6.8	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	43,045	17,890	25,155	28.5	24.3	32.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,285	1,045	1,240	1.5	1.4	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,725	11,355	15,365	17.7	15.4	19.8
Bachelor's degree	18,635	7,615	11,020	12.3	10.3	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,725	680	1,050	1.1	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	570	300	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	4,975	2,250	2,725	3.3	3.1	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	810	510	300	0.5	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,470	44,190	46,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,085	5,080	3,005	8.9	11.5	6.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,770	13,690	12,080	28.5	31.0	26.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,615	25,420	31,200	62.6	57.5	67.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	38,735	18,545	20,190	42.8	42.0	43.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,610	5,115	1,495	7.3	11.6	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,830	1,910	920	3.1	4.3	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,785	3,210	570	4.2	7.3	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30,770	12,790	17,980	34.0	28.9	38.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,355	640	715	1.5	1.4	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,880	6,875	11,010	19.8	15.6	23.8
Bachelor's degree	12,840	4,890	7,955	14.2	11.1	17.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,120	375	750	1.2	0.8	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	325	110	215	0.4	0.2	0.5
Master's degree	3,215	1,310	1,905	3.6	3.0	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	151,115	73,675	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	68,340	35,185	33,155	45.2	47.8	42.8
Education	4,780	1,205	3,570	3.2	1.6	4.6
13. Education	4,780	1,205	3,570	3.2	1.6	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,430	975	1,455	1.6	1.3	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	335	240	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,095	735	1,360	1.4	1.0	1.8
Humanities	3,740	1,450	2,295	2.5	2.0	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	285	30	255	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	955	300	655	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	850	290	560	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	120	35	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	400	245	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	720	385	335	0.5	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	170	25	145	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,400	3,010	7,390	6.9	4.1	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	970	415	550	0.6	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,505	180	2,325	1.7	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,330	350	975	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	380	100	280	0.3	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	1,920	460	1,460	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	3,220	1,475	1,740	2.1	2.0	2.2
Business, management and public administration	14,520	4,925	9,595	9.6	6.7	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,850	335	1,515	1.2	0.5	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,625	4,570	8,055	8.4	6.2	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,725	1,420	1,310	1.8	1.9	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,215	530	690	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	545	270	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	735	525	205	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	85	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,730	1,820	900	1.8	2.5	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,210	1,555	655	1.5	2.1	0.8
25. Library science	170	25	145	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	290	195	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	55	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	17,520	16,365	1,155	11.6	22.2	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	450	320	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	2,025	1,770	250	1.3	2.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,800	4,365	435	3.2	5.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,400	4,285	115	2.9	5.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,120	4,035	90	2.7	5.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,715	1,590	120	1.1	2.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,825	1,605	1,215	1.9	2.2	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,975	1,070	900	1.3	1.5	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	850	535	315	0.6	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	14,480	2,230	12,245	9.6	3.0	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,185	530	655	0.8	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,130	1,580	11,550	8.7	2.1	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	110	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,615	3,475	3,140	4.4	4.7	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,110	780	2,340	2.1	1.1	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	75	75	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	70	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,235	1,510	730	1.5	2.0	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,115	1,045	70	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,470	44,190	46,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	33,850	18,770	15,085	37.4	42.5	32.6
Education	2,660	635	2,025	2.9	1.4	4.4
13. Education	2,660	635	2,025	2.9	1.4	4.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,695	600	1,095	1.9	1.4	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	145	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,480	460	1,025	1.6	1.0	2.2
Humanities	2,315	845	1,470	2.6	1.9	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	15	190	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	550	155	390	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	595	195	390	0.7	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	120	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	470	250	220	0.5	0.6	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,475	1,915	5,560	8.3	4.3	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	780	320	455	0.9	0.7	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,825	115	1,715	2.0	0.3	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,040	225	815	1.1	0.5	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	270	70	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,235	205	1,025	1.4	0.5	2.2
45. Social sciences	2,255	965	1,290	2.5	2.2	2.8
Business, management and public administration	10,360	3,285	7,075	11.5	7.4	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,455	225	1,230	1.6	0.5	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,875	3,035	5,835	9.8	6.9	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,635	745	890	1.8	1.7	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	800	325	475	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	135	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	380	245	135	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,950	1,340	600	2.2	3.0	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,730	1,245	485	1.9	2.8	1.0
25. Library science	85	0	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,825	10,880	940	13.1	24.6	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	325	215	110	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,340	1,120	220	1.5	2.5	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,200	2,850	345	3.5	6.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,100	3,010	90	3.4	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,765	2,680	75	3.1	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,095	1,010	85	1.2	2.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,005	1,025	980	2.2	2.3	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,385	665	720	1.5	1.5	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	615	355	260	0.7	0.8	0.6
Health and related fields	9,650	1,495	8,155	10.7	3.4	17.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	875	375	500	1.0	0.8	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,705	1,090	7,615	9.6	2.5	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,045	2,645	2,395	5.6	6.0	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,315	585	1,730	2.6	1.3	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	60	55	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,835	1,220	615	2.0	2.8	1.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	810	760	50	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	90,470	44,190	46,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,850	18,770	15,085	37.4	42.5	32.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	56,615	25,420	31,195	62.6	57.5	67.4
Location of study inside Canada	53,620	24,020	29,600	59.3	54.4	64.0
Same as province or territory of residence	48,560	21,825	26,730	53.7	49.4	57.8
Different than province or territory of residence	5,060	2,190	2,865	5.6	5.0	6.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,000	1,400	1,595	3.3	3.2	3.4
Americas	1,265	570	695	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	1,125	520	605	1.2	1.2	1.3
Mexico	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	925	485	440	1.0	1.1	1.0
Belgium	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	545	305	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	135	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	535	205	330	0.6	0.5	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	170	45	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	151,115	73,670	77,445	...	...	...
In the labour force	87,795	45,615	42,185	...	...	...
Employed	79,435	41,585	37,855	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,360	4,030	4,330	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	63,320	28,060	35,265	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.1	61.9	54.5	58.1	61.9	54.5
Employment rate	52.6	56.4	48.9	52.6	56.4	48.9
Unemployment rate	9.5	8.8	10.3	9.5	8.8	10.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	151,115	73,675	77,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	61,695	27,500	34,195	40.8	37.3	44.2
Worked	89,420	46,170	43,250	59.2	62.7	55.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	50,095	28,115	21,975	33.2	38.2	28.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	39,325	18,055	21,275	26.0	24.5	27.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	43.0	41.5	42.3	43.0	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	87,795	45,615	42,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,615	825	790	1.8	1.8	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	86,180	44,785	41,395	98.2	98.2	98.1
Employee	73,245	37,265	35,980	83.4	81.7	85.3
Permanent position	62,450	32,120	30,330	71.1	70.4	71.9
Temporary position	10,795	5,145	5,645	12.3	11.3	13.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,905	1,205	1,700	3.3	2.6	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,895	3,950	3,945	9.0	8.7	9.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,935	7,515	5,415	14.7	16.5	12.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	87,795	45,615	42,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,615	825	790	1.8	1.8	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	86,180	44,785	41,395	98.2	98.2	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	990	585	410	1.1	1.3	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,365	3,705	9,665	15.2	8.1	22.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,065	4,655	1,415	6.9	10.2	3.4
3 Health occupations	7,190	1,085	6,105	8.2	2.4	14.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,425	3,555	6,865	11.9	7.8	16.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,090	800	1,285	2.4	1.8	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	20,420	8,455	11,960	23.3	18.5	28.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	18,215	16,610	1,605	20.7	36.4	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,215	2,365	845	3.7	5.2	2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,215	2,980	1,240	4.8	6.5	2.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	87,795	45,615	42,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,615	825	790	1.8	1.8	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	86,180	44,785	41,395	98.2	98.2	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,415	1,525	895	2.8	3.3	2.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	275	255	20	0.3	0.6	0.0
22 Utilities	660	525	135	0.8	1.2	0.3
23 Construction	9,800	8,660	1,140	11.2	19.0	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	7,210	4,915	2,295	8.2	10.8	5.4
41 Wholesale trade	2,205	1,500	705	2.5	3.3	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	10,790	5,230	5,560	12.3	11.5	13.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,540	2,495	1,050	4.0	5.5	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,210	715	490	1.4	1.6	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,895	640	1,255	2.2	1.4	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,335	695	645	1.5	1.5	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,475	2,875	2,600	6.2	6.3	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,070	2,500	1,570	4.6	5.5	3.7
61 Educational services	5,190	1,525	3,660	5.9	3.3	8.7
62 Health care and social assistance	12,015	1,820	10,200	13.7	4.0	24.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,755	925	830	2.0	2.0	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	4,610	1,850	2,755	5.3	4.1	6.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,705	1,895	1,815	4.2	4.2	4.3
91 Public administration	7,895	4,200	3,690	9.0	9.2	8.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	95,285	49,045	46,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	90,180	46,760	43,410	94.6	95.3	93.9
French	360	125	235	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	4,370	1,970	2,395	4.6	4.0	5.2
English and non-official language(s)	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	95,285	49,045	46,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,795	48,870	45,930	99.5	99.6	99.3
Official languages	94,715	48,830	45,885	99.4	99.6	99.2
English	93,995	48,590	45,400	98.6	99.1	98.2
French	725	235	490	0.8	0.5	1.1
Non-official languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	490	180	315	0.5	0.4	0.7
English and French	440	165	275	0.5	0.3	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	95,285	49,045	46,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	91,035	47,085	43,960	95.5	96.0	95.1
English	395	125	270	0.4	0.3	0.6
French	3,585	1,690	1,890	3.8	3.4	4.1
Non-official language	205	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	79,440	41,580	37,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	17,750	7,725	10,025	22.3	18.6	26.5
Worked outside Canada	215	150	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	11,325	8,995	2,330	14.3	21.6	6.2
Usual place of work	50,145	24,710	25,430	63.1	59.4	67.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	50,140	24,710	25,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,115	7,225	8,885	32.1	29.2	34.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,070	8,115	8,955	34.0	32.8	35.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	16,700	9,190	7,515	33.3	37.2	29.6
Commute to a different province or territory	255	185	75	0.5	0.7	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	61,470	33,705	27,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	56,875	31,475	25,405	92.5	93.4	91.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	52,645	29,415	23,225	85.6	87.3	83.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,235	2,050	2,175	6.9	6.1	7.8
Public transit	250	105	155	0.4	0.3	0.6
Walked	3,020	1,460	1,560	4.9	4.3	5.6
Bicycle	230	150	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other method	1,085	520	565	1.8	1.5	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	61,470	33,705	27,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,955	9,880	11,075	34.1	29.3	39.9
15 to 29 minutes	17,225	9,055	8,175	28.0	26.9	29.4
30 to 44 minutes	12,140	7,300	4,840	19.7	21.7	17.4
45 to 59 minutes	6,170	4,005	2,165	10.0	11.9	7.8
60 minutes and over	4,975	3,470	1,505	8.1	10.3	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	61,470	33,705	27,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,270	4,475	1,795	10.2	13.3	6.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	14,615	9,205	5,405	23.8	27.3	19.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	16,365	8,915	7,445	26.6	26.5	26.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,205	4,350	5,850	16.6	12.9	21.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,785	2,410	3,380	9.4	7.2	12.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,225	4,345	3,880	13.4	12.9	14.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	31,580	16,165	15,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,325	2,210	2,115	13.7	13.7	13.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,260	13,960	13,295	86.3	86.4	86.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	23,080	11,860	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,150	1,610	1,540	13.6	13.6	13.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,640	810	830	7.1	6.8	7.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,515	805	710	6.6	6.8	6.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,930	10,245	9,680	86.4	86.4	86.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 21, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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