Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Northwestern Health UnitMore information: Ontario [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	77,338	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	41,342	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	31,137	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	77,340	38,870	38,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,635	7,520	7,115	18.9	19.3	18.5
0 to 4 years	4,480	2,290	2,190	5.8	5.9	5.7
5 to 9 years	5,075	2,600	2,475	6.6	6.7	6.4
10 to 14 years	5,075	2,630	2,445	6.6	6.8	6.4
15 to 64 years	48,120	24,240	23,880	62.2	62.4	62.1
15 to 19 years	4,660	2,430	2,230	6.0	6.3	5.8
20 to 24 years	4,315	2,290	2,025	5.6	5.9	5.3
25 to 29 years	4,710	2,425	2,290	6.1	6.2	6.0
30 to 34 years	4,815	2,445	2,370	6.2	6.3	6.2
35 to 39 years	4,460	2,155	2,305	5.8	5.5	6.0
40 to 44 years	4,375	2,185	2,195	5.7	5.6	5.7
45 to 49 years	4,190	2,095	2,090	5.4	5.4	5.4
50 to 54 years	4,750	2,285	2,465	6.1	5.9	6.4
55 to 59 years	5,760	2,825	2,940	7.4	7.3	7.6
60 to 64 years	6,070	3,095	2,970	7.8	8.0	7.7
65 years and over	14,590	7,110	7,475	18.9	18.3	19.4
65 to 69 years	4,975	2,555	2,415	6.4	6.6	6.3
70 to 74 years	4,050	2,080	1,965	5.2	5.4	5.1
75 to 79 years	2,345	1,130	1,215	3.0	2.9	3.2
80 to 84 years	1,665	735	935	2.2	1.9	2.4
85 years and over	1,555	605	950	2.0	1.6	2.5
85 to 89 years	995	430	565	1.3	1.1	1.5
90 to 94 years	455	155	300	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	90	20	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.9	19.3	18.5	18.9	19.3	18.5
15 to 64 years	62.2	62.4	62.1	62.2	62.4	62.1
65 years and over	18.9	18.3	19.4	18.9	18.3	19.4
85 years and over	2.0	1.6	2.5	2.0	1.6	2.5
Average age of the population	41.1	40.5	41.7	41.1	40.5	41.7
Median age of the population	41.2	40.4	42.0	41.2	40.4	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	31,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,505	...	...	81.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	840	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	655	...	...	2.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	595	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,410	...	...	7.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	195	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	125	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	810	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,185	...	...	29.5	...	...
2 persons	11,160	...	...	35.8	...	...
3 persons	4,220	...	...	13.6	...	...
4 persons	3,610	...	...	11.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,965	...	...	9.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	76,100	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	62,705	31,350	31,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	35,285	17,605	17,685	56.3	56.2	56.4
Married	25,920	12,950	12,970	41.3	41.3	41.4
Living common-law	9,365	4,650	4,715	14.9	14.8	15.0
Living common law - Never married	7,225	3,570	3,655	11.5	11.4	11.7
Living common law - Separated	455	245	210	0.7	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,445	745	710	2.3	2.4	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	235	90	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	27,420	13,745	13,675	43.7	43.8	43.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	18,225	10,225	8,005	29.1	32.6	25.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,780	800	980	2.8	2.6	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,345	1,660	1,685	5.3	5.3	5.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,070	1,060	3,005	6.5	3.4	9.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,060	...	...	55.2	...	...
3 persons	4,335	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	3,360	...	...	15.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,065	...	...	9.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	17,285	...	...	79.2	...	...
Married couples	12,605	...	...	57.8	...	...
With children⁶	5,450	...	...	25.0	...	...
Without children	7,150	...	...	32.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,685	...	...	21.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,375	...	...	10.9	...	...
Without children	2,305	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,545	...	...	20.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,205	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,335	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	76,100	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	62,305	31,080	31,230	81.9	81.4	82.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	34,565	17,230	17,340	45.4	45.1	45.8
Parents in one-parent families	4,540	1,335	3,210	6.0	3.5	8.5
Children⁶	23,195	12,515	10,680	30.5	32.8	28.2
In a two-parent family	15,620	8,340	7,275	20.5	21.8	19.2
In a one-parent family	7,575	4,175	3,405	10.0	10.9	9.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,795	7,125	6,670	18.1	18.6	17.6
Living alone	9,185	4,640	4,545	12.1	12.1	12.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,730	1,405	1,330	3.6	3.7	3.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,885	1,085	800	2.5	2.8	2.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	31,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,560	...	...	59.6	...	...
Couple-family households	15,550	...	...	49.9	...	...
With children⁶	6,900	...	...	22.2	...	...
Without children	8,650	...	...	27.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,010	...	...	9.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,050	...	...	3.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	175	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,190	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	970	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	9,180	...	...	29.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	61,490	30,705	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,640	29,155	29,485	95.4	95.0	95.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,000	38,800	42,800	48,000	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,675	29,165	29,505	95.4	95.0	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,200	35,600	39,200	43,200	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,810	25,765	25,045	82.6	83.9	81.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	32,800	38,000	44,000	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,435	21,520	19,910	67.4	70.1	64.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,400	35,600	38,400	42,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,395	25,660	26,735	85.2	83.6	86.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,000	10,800	9,500	8,000	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,885	2,860	3,025	9.6	9.3	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,160	6,550	5,760	6,160	6,550	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,800	5,125	5,680	17.6	16.7	18.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	61,490	30,700	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,750	29,315	29,440	95.5	95.5	95.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,160	57,600	44,760	51,160	57,600	44,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,785	29,320	29,455	95.6	95.5	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,720	48,080	39,400	43,720	48,080	39,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,795	25,825	24,970	82.6	84.1	81.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,760	55,350	39,920	47,760	55,350	39,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,435	21,590	19,840	67.4	70.3	64.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,080	52,350	41,360	47,080	52,350	41,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,475	25,780	26,695	85.3	84.0	86.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,050	10,030	12,030	11,050	10,030	12,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,605	2,730	2,875	9.1	8.9	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,610	7,970	7,260	7,610	7,970	7,260
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,670	5,155	5,515	17.4	16.8	17.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,440	8,310	8,550	8,440	8,310	8,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	61,490	30,700	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,005	10,720	9,285	32.5	34.9	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	67,500	57,600	62,000	67,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,700	74,700	61,700	68,700	74,700	61,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,315	6,925	7,385	23.3	22.6	24.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	23,200	18,600	21,000	23,200	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,200	38,920	25,880	32,200	38,920	25,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	84.6	75.6	80.8	84.6	75.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.8	67.0	62.3	64.8	67.0	62.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.3	15.3	24.4	19.3	15.3	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.8	3.0	4.8	3.8	3.0	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0	2.5	3.6	3.0	2.5	3.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	61,490	30,700	30,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,850	1,550	1,300	4.6	5.0	4.2
With total income	58,640	29,150	29,485	95.4	95.0	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,660	2,890	2,775	9.7	9.9	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,000	2,910	4,090	11.9	10.0	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	7,985	3,460	4,525	13.6	11.9	15.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,780	2,975	3,800	11.6	10.2	12.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,430	2,960	3,470	11.0	10.2	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,815	2,810	3,005	9.9	9.6	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,750	2,440	2,310	8.1	8.4	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,680	2,010	1,670	6.3	6.9	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,590	1,475	1,115	4.4	5.1	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,115	1,265	850	3.6	4.3	2.9
$100,000 and over	5,840	3,960	1,875	10.0	13.6	6.4
$100,000 to $149,999	4,510	2,970	1,545	7.7	10.2	5.2
$150,000 and over	1,320	990	330	2.3	3.4	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	61,490	30,700	30,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,815	1,535	1,280	4.6	5.0	4.2
With after-tax income	58,675	29,165	29,510	95.4	95.0	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,895	2,955	2,940	10.0	10.1	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,280	3,015	4,260	12.4	10.4	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	8,855	3,825	5,030	15.1	13.1	17.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,930	3,560	4,375	13.5	12.2	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,750	3,780	3,970	13.2	13.0	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,395	3,330	3,070	10.9	11.4	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,725	2,525	2,200	8.1	8.7	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,280	1,915	1,370	5.6	6.6	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,545	1,510	1,035	4.3	5.2	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,450	925	520	2.5	3.2	1.8
$100,000 and over	2,575	1,825	750	4.4	6.2	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,635	1,150	490	2.8	3.9	1.6
$125,000 and over	940	675	265	1.6	2.3	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	61,490	30,700	30,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,055	9,180	10,880	32.6	29.9	35.3
With employment income	41,430	21,520	19,910	67.4	70.1	64.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,355	3,485	2,870	15.3	16.2	14.4
$5,000 to $9,999	3,025	1,385	1,640	7.3	6.5	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,395	2,080	2,315	10.6	9.7	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	3,495	1,695	1,800	8.4	7.9	9.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,005	1,735	2,270	9.7	8.1	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	3,605	1,630	1,975	8.7	7.6	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	3,395	1,555	1,840	8.2	7.2	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,940	1,510	1,425	7.1	7.0	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,280	1,225	1,060	5.5	5.7	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,855	1,095	755	4.5	5.1	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,640	960	680	4.0	4.5	3.4
$100,000 and over	4,435	3,155	1,285	10.7	14.7	6.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,520	1,680	840	6.1	7.8	4.2
$125,000 and over	1,920	1,475	440	4.6	6.9	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	61,490	30,705	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,210	28,950	29,260	94.7	94.3	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,400	36,800	40,800	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,240	28,950	29,285	94.7	94.3	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,000	33,600	37,600	42,000	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,175	25,870	25,305	83.2	84.3	82.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,200	32,400	37,200	43,200	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,600	22,065	20,530	69.3	71.9	66.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,800	34,400	37,200	40,800	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,585	24,850	25,735	82.3	80.9	83.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	2,880	8,000	6,080	2,880	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,835	2,915	2,925	9.5	9.5	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	6,950	5,840	6,400	6,950	5,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	61,490	30,700	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,160	28,980	29,180	94.6	94.4	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,680	55,450	41,920	48,680	55,450	41,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,185	28,980	29,205	94.6	94.4	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,640	46,440	36,920	41,640	46,440	36,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,020	25,905	25,115	83.0	84.4	81.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,640	54,400	38,640	46,640	54,400	38,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,360	22,095	20,265	68.9	72.0	65.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,960	51,650	39,720	45,960	51,650	39,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,590	24,850	25,740	82.3	80.9	83.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	7,940	9,830	8,900	7,940	9,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,675	2,805	2,870	9.2	9.1	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,920	7,690	8,150	7,920	7,690	8,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	61,490	30,700	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,055	10,760	9,295	32.6	35.0	30.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	62,800	52,000	56,800	62,800	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,650	70,000	56,200	63,650	70,000	56,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,570	6,595	6,980	22.1	21.5	22.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	29,600	23,000	25,600	29,600	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,600	44,640	28,960	36,600	44,640	28,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	87.8	79.4	84.0	87.8	79.4
Employment income (%)	68.8	71.0	65.8	68.8	71.0	65.8
Government transfers (%)	15.9	12.3	20.7	15.9	12.3	20.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	31,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	21,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	31,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,600	...	...	82,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	50,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,800	...	...	43,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	21,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,800	...	...	115,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	460	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	515	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	610	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,275	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,135	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,110	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,120	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,130	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,190	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,410	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,290	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,125	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,885	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,755	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,930	...	...	38.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,690	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,625	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,215	...	...	10.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,395	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	490	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	530	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	635	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,355	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,235	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,260	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,245	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,455	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,365	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,730	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,670	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,315	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,195	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,830	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,610	...	...	30.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,790	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,450	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,370	...	...	10.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,065	5,725	5,345	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	43,200	39,200	41,200	43,200	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	39,200	36,000	37,600	39,200	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...	91,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	143,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,700	...	...	121,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,700	...	...	72,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,600	...	...	66,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,040	5,715	5,325	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,960	51,450	46,280	48,960	51,450	46,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,320	43,720	40,840	42,320	43,720	40,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	76,105	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,440	8,960	8,480	22.9	23.5	22.4
0 to 5 years	5,475	2,780	2,695	7.2	7.3	7.1
18 to 64 years	44,680	22,370	22,310	58.7	58.6	58.9
65 years and over	13,985	6,875	7,105	18.4	18.0	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,515	6,200	6,315	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,130	2,105	2,020	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,435	740	695	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,550	3,360	3,195	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,835	735	1,105	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.4	16.2	16.7	16.4	16.2	16.7
0 to 17 years (%)	23.7	23.5	23.8	23.7	23.5	23.8
0 to 5 years (%)	26.2	26.6	25.8	26.2	26.6	25.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	15.0	14.3	14.7	15.0	14.3
65 years and over (%)	13.1	10.7	15.5	13.1	10.7	15.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	59,980	29,925	30,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,340	5,840	5,500	18.9	19.5	18.3
0 to 5 years	3,480	1,775	1,705	5.8	5.9	5.7
18 to 64 years	35,610	17,655	17,955	59.4	59.0	59.7
65 years and over	13,030	6,430	6,600	21.7	21.5	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,695	895	805	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	315	160	155	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	100	50	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,245	675	575	...	...	...
65 years and over	135	60	80	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.8	3.2	3.5	3.8	3.2
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	76,105	38,210	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	39,615	19,670	19,940	52.1	51.5	52.6
In bottom decile	11,145	5,635	5,505	14.6	14.7	14.5
In second decile	7,710	3,680	4,030	10.1	9.6	10.6
In third decile	6,915	3,390	3,525	9.1	8.9	9.3
In fourth decile	7,020	3,490	3,530	9.2	9.1	9.3
In fifth decile	6,825	3,475	3,350	9.0	9.1	8.8
In top half of the distribution	36,490	18,535	17,950	47.9	48.5	47.4
In sixth decile	7,060	3,535	3,520	9.3	9.3	9.3
In seventh decile	7,230	3,610	3,625	9.5	9.4	9.6
In eighth decile	7,605	3,845	3,755	10.0	10.1	9.9
In ninth decile	8,135	4,190	3,945	10.7	11.0	10.4
In top decile	6,465	3,360	3,110	8.5	8.8	8.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	76,100	...	...	76,100	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.345	...	...	0.345	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.466	...	...	0.466	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.310	...	...	0.310	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	76,595	38,515	38,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	72,740	36,825	35,915	95.0	95.6	94.3
French only	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	3,680	1,620	2,050	4.8	4.2	5.4
Neither English nor French	135	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	76,595	38,515	38,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,415	37,945	37,470	98.5	98.5	98.4
French	1,025	515	510	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	76,595	38,515	38,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,130	37,810	37,320	98.1	98.2	98.0
Official languages	68,575	34,725	33,850	89.5	90.2	88.9
English	67,400	34,130	33,270	88.0	88.6	87.4
French	1,170	595	580	1.5	1.5	1.5
Non-official languages	6,555	3,085	3,470	8.6	8.0	9.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	4,280	2,030	2,250	5.6	5.3	5.9
Algonquian languages	4,270	2,025	2,245	5.6	5.3	5.9
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	135	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	4,110	1,935	2,175	5.4	5.0	5.7
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	1,485	720	765	1.9	1.9	2.0
Ojibway languages	2,625	1,210	1,410	3.4	3.1	3.7
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	2,565	1,185	1,380	3.3	3.1	3.6
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,275	1,055	1,225	3.0	2.7	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	315	115	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230	75	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,585	740	845	2.1	1.9	2.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	285	130	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	280	130	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	755	335	415	1.0	0.9	1.1
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	545	245	305	0.7	0.6	0.8
German	440	205	235	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swiss German	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	205	120	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	200	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	320	145	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,465	710	755	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	220	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,170	570	595	1.5	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	76,595	38,515	38,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	70,175	35,495	34,675	91.6	92.2	91.1
French	200	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Non-official language	940	475	465	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	695	355	345	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-Indigenous	245	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	485	215	280	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	4,700	2,190	2,515	6.1	5.7	6.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	76,595	38,515	38,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,670	38,100	37,565	98.8	98.9	98.6
Official languages	73,625	37,090	36,540	96.1	96.3	96.0
English	73,360	36,950	36,410	95.8	95.9	95.6
French	270	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official languages	2,040	1,010	1,030	2.7	2.6	2.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,500	755	750	2.0	2.0	2.0
Algonquian languages	1,500	755	750	2.0	2.0	2.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,460	735	725	1.9	1.9	1.9
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	480	245	235	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ojibway languages	980	490	485	1.3	1.3	1.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	970	485	485	1.3	1.3	1.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	540	255	285	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	130	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	925	420	505	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	870	390	475	1.1	1.0	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	76,595	38,515	38,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	72,195	36,475	35,720	94.3	94.7	93.8
English	1,075	525	545	1.4	1.4	1.4
French	385	165	225	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	2,745	1,255	1,490	3.6	3.3	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	2,025	930	1,095	2.6	2.4	2.9
Non-Indigenous	720	325	395	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	76,105	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	75,975	38,170	37,810	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	75,960	38,155	37,805	99.8	99.9	99.8
French	3,580	1,695	1,885	4.7	4.4	5.0
Non-official languages	10,385	4,855	5,530	13.6	12.7	14.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	7,250	3,440	3,810	9.5	9.0	10.1
Algonquian languages	7,240	3,430	3,810	9.5	9.0	10.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	295	140	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	295	140	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	255	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	7,110	3,370	3,735	9.3	8.8	9.9
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	2,295	1,090	1,210	3.0	2.9	3.2
Ojibway languages	4,930	2,340	2,595	6.5	6.1	6.8
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	145	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	4,800	2,285	2,515	6.3	6.0	6.6
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,165	1,425	1,735	4.2	3.7	4.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	430	175	260	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	395	170	230	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	95	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	65	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,240	1,020	1,215	2.9	2.7	3.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	355	120	230	0.5	0.3	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	355	120	230	0.5	0.3	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	60	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	890	415	465	1.2	1.1	1.2
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	675	310	365	0.9	0.8	1.0
German	550	260	290	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swiss German	135	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	310	165	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	300	155	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	725	330	395	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	200	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	385	175	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	76,100	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	30,050	15,010	15,045	39.5	39.3	39.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	29,560	14,835	14,735	38.8	38.8	38.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	24,075	12,060	12,015	31.6	31.6	31.7
Métis	5,450	2,745	2,700	7.2	7.2	7.1
Inuk (Inuit)	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	215	70	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	275	110	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous identity	46,050	23,195	22,850	60.5	60.7	60.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	76,100	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	23,180	11,540	11,640	30.5	30.2	30.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	52,925	26,665	26,255	69.5	69.8	69.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	20,925	...	...	67.2	...	...
Renter	6,310	...	...	20.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	3,905	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	720	...	...	2.3	...	...
Not condominium	30,415	...	...	97.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,205	...	...	10.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,940	...	...	25.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,335	...	...	39.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,575	...	...	24.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,275	...	...	23.4	...	...
5 rooms	6,055	...	...	19.4	...	...
6 rooms	5,430	...	...	17.4	...	...
7 rooms	4,460	...	...	14.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,920	...	...	25.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	30,240	...	...	97.1	...	...
More than one person per room	900	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	29,235	...	...	93.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,905	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,280	...	...	26.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,260	...	...	29.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,455	...	...	14.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,140	...	...	13.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,385	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,245	...	...	4.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,100	...	...	3.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,270	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	26,785	...	...	86.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,355	...	...	14.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	17,180	...	...	55.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,980	...	...	41.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	975	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	31,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	825	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,140	...	...	13.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,775	...	...	15.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,140	...	...	16.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,890	...	...	22.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,585	...	...	17.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,825	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	965	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	26,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	23,160	...	...	88.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,175	...	...	12.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,985	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	31,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,390	...	...	26.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,770	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,195	...	...	3.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,395	...	...	10.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	320	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	625	...	...	2.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	22,750	...	...	73.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	26,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,920	...	...	7.3	...	...
Not in core need	24,225	...	...	92.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,240	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.7	...	...	50.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	285,200	...	...	285,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,175	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	24.3	...	...	24.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.5	...	...	27.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.2	...	...	17.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	939	...	...	939	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,905	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	226	...	...	226	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	280	...	...	280	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	76,100	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	21,720	10,900	10,825	28.5	28.5	28.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	21,610	10,840	10,770	28.4	28.4	28.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20,330	10,225	10,100	26.7	26.8	26.7
Métis single ancestry	1,260	605	655	1.7	1.6	1.7
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,660	4,320	4,340	11.4	11.3	11.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,370	4,165	4,200	11.0	10.9	11.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,040	2,505	2,535	6.6	6.6	6.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,280	1,640	1,645	4.3	4.3	4.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	295	155	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	155	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	45,720	22,985	22,735	60.1	60.2	60.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	76,100	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	74,690	37,535	37,155	98.1	98.2	98.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,275	8,840	8,435	22.7	23.1	22.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	57,410	28,690	28,725	75.4	75.1	75.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,415	675	740	1.9	1.8	2.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	76,100	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	72,225	36,390	35,835	94.9	95.2	94.6
Immigrants⁸¹	3,460	1,575	1,885	4.5	4.1	5.0
Before 1980	1,635	760	875	2.1	2.0	2.3
1980 to 1990	435	170	260	0.6	0.4	0.7
1991 to 2000	295	100	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
2001 to 2010	395	225	170	0.5	0.6	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	695	320	375	0.9	0.8	1.0
2011 to 2015	355	160	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
2016 to 2021	345	160	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	415	240	175	0.5	0.6	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,460	1,575	1,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	565	310	260	16.3	19.7	13.8
5 to 14 years	730	380	355	21.1	24.1	18.8
15 to 24 years	725	265	460	21.0	16.8	24.4
25 to 44 years	1,265	530	735	36.6	33.7	39.0
45 years and over	170	90	75	4.9	5.7	4.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,460	1,575	1,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,265	565	700	36.6	35.9	37.1
Brazil	15	10	15	0.4	0.6	0.8
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	25	20	1.3	1.6	1.1
Mexico	60	15	45	1.7	1.0	2.4
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
United States of America	1,050	480	570	30.3	30.5	30.2
Other places of birth in Americas	70	35	30	2.0	2.2	1.6
Europe	1,360	650	710	39.3	41.3	37.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	20	10	15	0.6	0.6	0.8
France	35	15	20	1.0	1.0	1.1
Germany	235	140	95	6.8	8.9	5.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	20	20	1.0	1.3	1.1
Italy	115	45	70	3.3	2.9	3.7
Netherlands	105	65	35	3.0	4.1	1.9
Poland	35	15	25	1.0	1.0	1.3
Portugal	55	20	35	1.6	1.3	1.9
Romania	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.5
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Ukraine	30	0	20	0.9	0.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	470	220	250	13.6	14.0	13.3
Other places of birth in Europe	185	80	105	5.3	5.1	5.6
Africa	130	65	70	3.8	4.1	3.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	20	25	1.2	1.3	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	70	25	40	2.0	1.6	2.1
Asia	670	285	380	19.4	18.1	20.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	10	30	1.2	0.6	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Philippines	340	130	210	9.8	8.3	11.1
Viet Nam	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	135	80	55	3.9	5.1	2.9
Pakistan	35	20	15	1.0	1.3	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	0	30	1.2	0.0	1.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	35	15	20	1.0	1.0	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	340	155	185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	105	60	45	30.9	38.7	24.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	2.9	0.0	5.4
United States of America	75	45	30	22.1	29.0	16.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	0	5.9	6.5	0.0
Europe	15	0	10	4.4	0.0	5.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	25	10	15	7.4	6.5	8.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	15	5.9	6.5	8.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	195	85	115	57.4	54.8	62.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	5.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	50	25	25	14.7	16.1	13.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	120	45	70	35.3	29.0	37.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	76,100	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,390	2,060	2,335	5.8	5.4	6.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,175	3,920	4,250	10.7	10.3	11.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	63,540	32,225	31,310	83.5	84.3	82.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,830	820	1,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	885	405	480	48.4	49.4	47.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	375	220	160	20.5	26.8	15.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	510	190	320	27.9	23.2	31.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	815	335	485	44.5	40.9	48.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	110	70	40	6.0	8.5	4.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	0	0.8	1.2	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,830	820	1,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	30	10	2.2	3.7	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	385	155	235	21.0	18.9	23.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	60	30	25	3.3	3.7	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	90	55	35	4.9	6.7	3.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	140	30	110	7.7	3.7	10.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,110	510	595	60.7	62.2	59.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	76,105	38,210	37,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,900	905	995	2.5	2.4	2.6
South Asian	540	300	240	0.7	0.8	0.6
Chinese	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	270	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Filipino	525	225	295	0.7	0.6	0.8
Arab	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin American	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Southeast Asian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	74,205	37,300	36,900	97.5	97.6	97.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	76,100	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,105	4,045	4,065	10.7	10.6	10.7
English	14,775	7,480	7,290	19.4	19.6	19.2
Irish	11,475	5,485	5,990	15.1	14.4	15.8
Scottish	12,970	6,535	6,435	17.0	17.1	17.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,490	4,760	4,735	12.5	12.5	12.5
German	8,110	4,000	4,110	10.7	10.5	10.8
Chinese	275	130	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italian	1,880	915	965	2.5	2.4	2.5
Indian (India)	345	185	155	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ukrainian	6,230	3,015	3,215	8.2	7.9	8.5
Dutch	2,255	1,090	1,165	3.0	2.9	3.1
Polish	2,905	1,340	1,560	3.8	3.5	4.1
Québécois	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,005	1,010	1,000	2.6	2.6	2.6
Filipino	475	220	250	0.6	0.6	0.7
French Canadian	705	400	305	0.9	1.0	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,270	670	595	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,250	4,080	4,175	10.8	10.7	11.0
Métis	4,950	2,460	2,490	6.5	6.4	6.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	840	430	410	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	840	395	445	1.1	1.0	1.2
Norwegian	2,495	1,255	1,240	3.3	3.3	3.3
Welsh	920	525	395	1.2	1.4	1.0
Portuguese	280	145	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	1,010	500	515	1.3	1.3	1.4
Spanish	165	50	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Swedish	3,690	1,800	1,890	4.8	4.7	5.0
Hungarian	805	370	430	1.1	1.0	1.1
Acadian	130	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,050	530	515	1.4	1.4	1.4
Korean	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	210	85	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	585	290	295	0.8	0.8	0.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,750	830	925	2.3	2.2	2.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	445	240	210	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	430	225	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	375	145	225	0.5	0.4	0.6
Swiss	950	470	485	1.2	1.2	1.3
Finnish	1,440	650	785	1.9	1.7	2.1
Sri Lankan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	120	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	455	230	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	600	315	285	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	255	160	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syrian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	10,655	5,420	5,235	14.0	14.2	13.8
Newfoundlander	165	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	225	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	25	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	210	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	640	330	305	0.8	0.9	0.8
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	3,370	1,700	1,665	4.4	4.4	4.4
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	76,100	38,205	37,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	35,790	17,000	18,790	47.0	44.5	49.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,705	2,270	2,440	6.2	5.9	6.4
Anabaptist	610	255	355	0.8	0.7	0.9
Anglican	4,360	2,115	2,250	5.7	5.5	5.9
Baptist	1,300	625	675	1.7	1.6	1.8
Catholic	13,090	6,360	6,730	17.2	16.6	17.8
Christian Orthodox	205	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	220	80	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
Latter Day Saints	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	2,055	945	1,110	2.7	2.5	2.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	160	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,400	700	700	1.8	1.8	1.8
Presbyterian	385	170	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
Reformed	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	5,330	2,390	2,945	7.0	6.3	7.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,645	775	870	2.2	2.0	2.3
Hindu	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	130	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	4,175	2,060	2,115	5.5	5.4	5.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	490	200	290	0.6	0.5	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	35,165	18,705	16,465	46.2	49.0	43.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	75,210	37,715	37,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	68,010	34,165	33,845	90.4	90.6	90.3
Movers	7,200	3,550	3,650	9.6	9.4	9.7
Non-migrants	4,755	2,350	2,410	6.3	6.2	6.4
Migrants	2,450	1,205	1,240	3.3	3.2	3.3
Internal migrants	2,320	1,155	1,170	3.1	3.1	3.1
Intraprovincial migrants	1,645	805	840	2.2	2.1	2.2
Interprovincial migrants	675	350	325	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	71,635	35,805	35,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	48,630	24,430	24,200	67.9	68.2	67.5
Movers	23,005	11,375	11,630	32.1	31.8	32.5
Non-migrants	10,440	5,080	5,360	14.6	14.2	15.0
Migrants	12,565	6,290	6,275	17.5	17.6	17.5
Internal migrants	11,860	5,905	5,955	16.6	16.5	16.6
Intraprovincial migrants	8,880	4,400	4,480	12.4	12.3	12.5
Interprovincial migrants	2,980	1,505	1,470	4.2	4.2	4.1
External migrants	710	390	320	1.0	1.1	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,490	30,705	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,710	9,585	8,120	28.8	31.2	26.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,785	21,115	22,665	71.2	68.8	73.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,620	19,295	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,415	4,820	3,600	21.8	25.0	18.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	30,205	14,480	15,730	78.2	75.0	81.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,490	30,700	30,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,820	8,335	7,485	25.7	27.1	24.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,595	9,525	9,070	30.2	31.0	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,075	12,840	14,235	44.0	41.8	46.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,875	9,610	9,265	30.7	31.3	30.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,005	3,920	1,090	8.1	12.8	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,235	1,490	745	3.6	4.9	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,770	2,430	340	4.5	7.9	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,840	5,285	7,555	20.9	17.2	24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,035	405	625	1.7	1.3	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,200	3,235	4,970	13.3	10.5	16.1
Bachelor's degree	6,170	2,270	3,900	10.0	7.4	12.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	640	255	385	1.0	0.8	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	170	110	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	1,140	545	595	1.9	1.8	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,625	19,295	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,385	4,135	3,245	19.1	21.4	16.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,590	6,215	5,370	30.0	32.2	27.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,655	8,940	10,710	50.9	46.3	55.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,515	6,700	6,815	35.0	34.7	35.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,295	2,540	755	8.5	13.2	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,525	1,005	525	3.9	5.2	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,770	1,540	235	4.6	8.0	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,575	3,910	5,660	24.8	20.3	29.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	650	245	400	1.7	1.3	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,135	2,240	3,890	15.9	11.6	20.1
Bachelor's degree	4,595	1,575	3,015	11.9	8.2	15.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	455	170	285	1.2	0.9	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	95	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	895	375	520	2.3	1.9	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,490	30,705	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,415	17,860	16,550	56.0	58.2	53.8
Education	2,600	705	1,895	4.2	2.3	6.2
13. Education	2,600	705	1,895	4.2	2.3	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	430	185	250	0.7	0.6	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	370	145	235	0.6	0.5	0.8
Humanities	1,030	380	650	1.7	1.2	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	260	100	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	310	85	220	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
54. History	120	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,615	715	1,895	4.3	2.3	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	910	60	850	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	310	90	225	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	415	85	330	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	715	370	350	1.2	1.2	1.1
Business, management and public administration	4,635	1,235	3,400	7.5	4.0	11.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,185	215	975	1.9	0.7	3.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,435	1,020	2,415	5.6	3.3	7.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	655	350	305	1.1	1.1	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	295	125	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	140	115	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	505	250	245	0.8	0.8	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	325	185	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
25. Library science	75	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,205	5,920	280	10.1	19.3	0.9
04. Architecture and related services	65	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	385	360	25	0.6	1.2	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,480	1,365	115	2.4	4.4	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,575	1,525	50	2.6	5.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,990	1,950	40	3.2	6.4	0.1
48. Precision production	710	680	30	1.2	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,230	830	400	2.0	2.7	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	340	145	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	890	685	205	1.4	2.2	0.7
Health and related fields	4,675	775	3,895	7.6	2.5	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320	140	175	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,275	585	3,695	7.0	1.9	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	55	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,485	1,485	1,005	4.0	4.8	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	935	215	715	1.5	0.7	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	740	520	220	1.2	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	810	750	65	1.3	2.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	38,620	19,295	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,970	10,350	8,615	49.1	53.6	44.6
Education	1,795	430	1,365	4.6	2.2	7.1
13. Education	1,795	430	1,365	4.6	2.2	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	335	130	205	0.9	0.7	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	300	100	195	0.8	0.5	1.0
Humanities	690	245	435	1.8	1.3	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	165	50	115	0.4	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	230	65	160	0.6	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	75	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,070	530	1,545	5.4	2.7	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770	55	715	2.0	0.3	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	240	55	185	0.6	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	310	60	255	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	540	270	270	1.4	1.4	1.4
Business, management and public administration	3,500	905	2,590	9.1	4.7	13.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	980	175	810	2.5	0.9	4.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,505	735	1,780	6.5	3.8	9.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	420	200	225	1.1	1.0	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	70	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	90	75	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	365	200	170	0.9	1.0	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	270	165	105	0.7	0.9	0.5
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,185	3,940	250	10.8	20.4	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	270	255	15	0.7	1.3	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,055	955	100	2.7	4.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,030	990	35	2.7	5.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,310	1,275	40	3.4	6.6	0.2
48. Precision production	475	445	30	1.2	2.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	885	545	340	2.3	2.8	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	280	120	160	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	605	430	180	1.6	2.2	0.9
Health and related fields	3,505	645	2,855	9.1	3.3	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	110	145	0.7	0.6	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,180	490	2,695	8.2	2.5	13.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	55	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,900	1,175	725	4.9	6.1	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	660	170	490	1.7	0.9	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	635	450	185	1.6	2.3	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	610	560	50	1.6	2.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	38,620	19,295	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,970	10,350	8,615	49.1	53.6	44.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	19,650	8,945	10,705	50.9	46.4	55.4
Location of study inside Canada	18,345	8,310	10,035	47.5	43.1	51.9
Same as province or territory of residence	14,330	6,645	7,685	37.1	34.4	39.8
Different than province or territory of residence	4,015	1,660	2,350	10.4	8.6	12.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,310	635	675	3.4	3.3	3.5
Americas	595	270	325	1.5	1.4	1.7
United States of America	555	265	295	1.4	1.4	1.5
Mexico	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	150	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	450	220	230	1.2	1.1	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	245	100	145	0.6	0.5	0.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	70	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Pakistan	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	61,490	30,700	30,785	...	...	...
In the labour force	36,000	18,720	17,285	...	...	...
Employed	32,850	16,910	15,940	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,150	1,810	1,340	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	25,495	11,985	13,505	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.5	61.0	56.1	58.5	61.0	56.1
Employment rate	53.4	55.1	51.8	53.4	55.1	51.8
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.7	7.8	8.8	9.7	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	61,490	30,705	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,115	11,895	13,215	40.8	38.7	42.9
Worked	36,380	18,805	17,570	59.2	61.2	57.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,045	11,320	9,730	34.2	36.9	31.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,330	7,485	7,845	24.9	24.4	25.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	41.9	41.9	41.9	41.9	41.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	36,000	18,715	17,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	820	505	320	2.3	2.7	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	35,180	18,210	16,965	97.7	97.3	98.2
Employee	31,545	15,955	15,585	87.6	85.3	90.2
Permanent position	25,565	13,040	12,530	71.0	69.7	72.5
Temporary position	5,975	2,920	3,050	16.6	15.6	17.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,675	740	930	4.7	4.0	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,300	2,180	2,125	11.9	11.6	12.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,635	2,250	1,380	10.1	12.0	8.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	36,000	18,715	17,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	820	505	320	2.3	2.7	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	35,180	18,210	16,965	97.7	97.3	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	465	295	170	1.3	1.6	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,705	1,030	3,675	13.1	5.5	21.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,300	1,010	290	3.6	5.4	1.7
3 Health occupations	2,900	560	2,345	8.1	3.0	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,955	2,130	4,830	19.3	11.4	28.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	500	160	345	1.4	0.9	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	7,900	3,535	4,370	21.9	18.9	25.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,545	6,945	595	21.0	37.1	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,665	1,450	220	4.6	7.7	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,235	1,095	145	3.4	5.9	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	36,000	18,715	17,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	820	505	320	2.3	2.7	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	35,180	18,210	16,965	97.7	97.3	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,215	920	290	3.4	4.9	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,565	1,325	240	4.3	7.1	1.4
22 Utilities	525	470	50	1.5	2.5	0.3
23 Construction	2,715	2,425	290	7.5	13.0	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	1,325	1,090	235	3.7	5.8	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	410	335	70	1.1	1.8	0.4
44-45 Retail trade	3,995	2,055	1,940	11.1	11.0	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,875	1,495	375	5.2	8.0	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	300	195	105	0.8	1.0	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	605	165	435	1.7	0.9	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	400	255	150	1.1	1.4	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	985	465	515	2.7	2.5	3.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,015	570	445	2.8	3.0	2.6
61 Educational services	3,470	970	2,500	9.6	5.2	14.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,240	1,575	5,660	20.1	8.4	32.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	395	235	160	1.1	1.3	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	1,925	890	1,035	5.3	4.8	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,250	670	585	3.5	3.6	3.4
91 Public administration	3,970	2,100	1,870	11.0	11.2	10.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	39,115	20,240	18,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,350	19,570	17,785	95.5	96.7	94.2
French	110	10	100	0.3	0.0	0.5
Non-official language	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	275	80	195	0.7	0.4	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,255	520	730	3.2	2.6	3.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	39,115	20,240	18,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,845	20,135	18,710	99.3	99.5	99.1
Official languages	38,455	19,935	18,515	98.3	98.5	98.1
English	38,285	19,900	18,385	97.9	98.3	97.4
French	165	35	135	0.4	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	400	200	195	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	375	190	185	1.0	0.9	1.0
Algonquian languages	375	190	185	1.0	0.9	1.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	375	190	185	1.0	0.9	1.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway languages	295	155	140	0.8	0.8	0.7
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	290	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	270	105	165	0.7	0.5	0.9
English and French	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	235	90	140	0.6	0.4	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	39,115	20,240	18,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	37,845	19,745	18,100	96.8	97.6	95.9
English	335	165	170	0.9	0.8	0.9
French	185	45	135	0.5	0.2	0.7
Non-official language	720	285	430	1.8	1.4	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	700	280	420	1.8	1.4	2.2
Non-Indigenous	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	32,850	16,905	15,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,590	1,385	2,205	10.9	8.2	13.8
Worked outside Canada	65	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	4,470	3,430	1,040	13.6	20.3	6.5
Usual place of work	24,725	12,050	12,670	75.3	71.3	79.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,725	12,050	12,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,340	8,665	9,680	74.2	71.9	76.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,660	2,910	2,750	22.9	24.1	21.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	475	345	135	1.9	2.9	1.1
Commute to a different province or territory	245	135	115	1.0	1.1	0.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	29,195	15,480	13,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,000	13,885	12,120	89.1	89.7	88.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	23,715	12,800	10,915	81.2	82.7	79.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,290	1,085	1,205	7.8	7.0	8.8
Public transit	180	115	70	0.6	0.7	0.5
Walked	2,180	1,005	1,175	7.5	6.5	8.6
Bicycle	175	140	35	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	655	340	320	2.2	2.2	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	29,195	15,480	13,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,580	9,195	9,385	63.6	59.4	68.4
15 to 29 minutes	6,375	3,460	2,920	21.8	22.4	21.3
30 to 44 minutes	1,975	1,160	815	6.8	7.5	5.9
45 to 59 minutes	690	455	235	2.4	2.9	1.7
60 minutes and over	1,570	1,210	355	5.4	7.8	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	29,195	15,480	13,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,235	1,680	550	7.7	10.9	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,105	2,840	1,265	14.1	18.3	9.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,315	3,855	3,455	25.1	24.9	25.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,450	3,175	5,275	28.9	20.5	38.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,435	1,565	1,875	11.8	10.1	13.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,660	2,355	1,305	12.5	15.2	9.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,755	9,120	8,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,140	590	550	6.4	6.5	6.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,620	8,530	8,085	93.6	93.5	93.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,920	6,650	6,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	845	435	410	6.5	6.5	6.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	220	220	3.4	3.3	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	215	190	3.1	3.2	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,075	6,215	5,860	93.5	93.5	93.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 21, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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