Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	East Kootenay Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	86,340	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,495	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,357	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	86,340	43,200	43,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,125	6,680	6,450	15.2	15.5	15.0
0 to 4 years	3,805	1,905	1,900	4.4	4.4	4.4
5 to 9 years	4,535	2,300	2,240	5.3	5.3	5.2
10 to 14 years	4,780	2,470	2,310	5.5	5.7	5.4
15 to 64 years	52,910	26,525	26,390	61.3	61.4	61.2
15 to 19 years	4,095	2,080	2,015	4.7	4.8	4.7
20 to 24 years	3,805	2,020	1,785	4.4	4.7	4.1
25 to 29 years	4,545	2,305	2,235	5.3	5.3	5.2
30 to 34 years	5,465	2,690	2,775	6.3	6.2	6.4
35 to 39 years	5,850	2,945	2,905	6.8	6.8	6.7
40 to 44 years	5,460	2,775	2,680	6.3	6.4	6.2
45 to 49 years	5,035	2,545	2,500	5.8	5.9	5.8
50 to 54 years	5,125	2,545	2,585	5.9	5.9	6.0
55 to 59 years	6,265	3,075	3,195	7.3	7.1	7.4
60 to 64 years	7,260	3,540	3,720	8.4	8.2	8.6
65 years and over	20,305	9,995	10,305	23.5	23.1	23.9
65 to 69 years	6,780	3,420	3,360	7.9	7.9	7.8
70 to 74 years	5,680	2,890	2,795	6.6	6.7	6.5
75 to 79 years	3,555	1,735	1,820	4.1	4.0	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,280	1,105	1,175	2.6	2.6	2.7
85 years and over	2,010	850	1,160	2.3	2.0	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,285	570	715	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	585	230	350	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	15.5	15.0	15.2	15.5	15.0
15 to 64 years	61.3	61.4	61.2	61.3	61.4	61.2
65 years and over	23.5	23.1	23.9	23.5	23.1	23.9
85 years and over	2.3	2.0	2.7	2.3	2.0	2.7
Average age of the population	44.6	44.2	45.0	44.6	44.2	45.0
Median age of the population	46.0	45.2	46.4	46.0	45.2	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,685	...	...	71.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,365	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	1,765	...	...	4.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	745	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,840	...	...	10.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	175	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,775	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,850	...	...	29.0	...	...
2 persons	15,465	...	...	41.4	...	...
3 persons	4,800	...	...	12.8	...	...
4 persons	4,115	...	...	11.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,130	...	...	5.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	84,395	42,285	42,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,215	36,520	36,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	45,605	22,825	22,780	62.3	62.5	62.1
Married	35,760	17,915	17,845	48.8	49.1	48.6
Living common-law	9,845	4,910	4,935	13.4	13.4	13.4
Living common law - Never married	6,940	3,500	3,435	9.5	9.6	9.4
Living common law - Separated	435	200	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,175	1,090	1,085	3.0	3.0	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	300	115	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	27,615	13,695	13,915	37.7	37.5	37.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,520	9,460	7,050	22.6	25.9	19.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,135	990	1,145	2.9	2.7	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,755	2,190	2,560	6.5	6.0	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,205	1,050	3,160	5.7	2.9	8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,750	...	...	61.8	...	...
3 persons	4,355	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	3,850	...	...	15.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,545	...	...	6.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,265	...	...	87.3	...	...
Married couples	17,345	...	...	68.0	...	...
With children⁶	6,840	...	...	26.8	...	...
Without children	10,505	...	...	41.2	...	...
Common-law couples	4,925	...	...	19.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,680	...	...	6.6	...	...
Without children	3,240	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,230	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,330	...	...	9.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	900	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	84,395	42,285	42,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	68,265	34,025	34,240	80.9	80.5	81.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,540	22,240	22,295	52.8	52.6	52.9
Parents in one-parent families	3,225	895	2,330	3.8	2.1	5.5
Children⁶	20,505	10,885	9,620	24.3	25.7	22.8
In a two-parent family	15,535	8,210	7,325	18.4	19.4	17.4
In a one-parent family	4,965	2,670	2,295	5.9	6.3	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,130	8,260	7,865	19.1	19.5	18.7
Living alone	10,850	5,435	5,410	12.9	12.9	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,370	635	730	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	3,915	2,190	1,725	4.6	5.2	4.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,090	...	...	61.8	...	...
Couple-family households	20,540	...	...	55.0	...	...
With children⁶	7,835	...	...	21.0	...	...
Without children	12,705	...	...	34.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,550	...	...	6.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	530	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,165	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,515	...	...	4.1	...	...
One-person households	10,850	...	...	29.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	71,315	35,625	35,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,710	34,935	34,775	97.7	98.1	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	51,600	34,400	41,600	51,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,735	34,950	34,790	97.8	98.1	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,000	32,000	38,000	46,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,635	32,570	31,060	89.2	91.4	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	45,200	25,400	34,000	45,200	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,530	26,180	23,350	69.5	73.5	65.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	47,600	27,600	36,000	47,600	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,960	26,860	30,105	79.9	75.4	84.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	11,400	11,700	11,600	11,400	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,080	3,510	3,570	9.9	9.9	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,600	5,600	5,600	5,600	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,540	7,685	8,850	23.2	21.6	24.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	71,365	35,645	35,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,825	35,010	34,815	97.8	98.2	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,000	64,100	41,840	53,000	64,100	41,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,840	35,020	34,825	97.9	98.2	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,120	53,450	36,800	45,120	53,450	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,985	32,800	31,180	89.7	92.0	87.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,240	58,950	34,920	47,240	58,950	34,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,575	26,315	23,265	69.5	73.8	65.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,280	59,250	35,840	48,280	59,250	35,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,070	26,880	30,195	80.0	75.4	84.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,600	12,160	11,900	11,600	12,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,055	3,545	3,510	9.9	9.9	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,770	6,430	7,120	6,770	6,430	7,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,400	7,670	8,735	23.0	21.5	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,460	8,060	8,820	8,460	8,060	8,820
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	71,365	35,645	35,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,615	12,230	8,385	28.9	34.3	23.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	79,000	52,400	66,000	79,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,300	84,600	59,250	74,300	84,600	59,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,885	10,305	11,580	30.7	28.9	32.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	27,400	17,600	21,000	27,400	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,640	43,480	24,900	33,640	43,480	24,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	86.2	74.8	81.6	86.2	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.6	69.4	57.3	64.6	69.4	57.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.4	13.9	25.2	18.4	13.9	25.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.5	6.9	4.8	3.5	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	2.8	5.3	3.8	2.8	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	71,310	35,625	35,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,595	685	910	2.2	1.9	2.5
With total income	69,715	34,935	34,780	97.8	98.1	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,545	2,075	3,470	8.0	5.9	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,820	2,790	5,025	11.2	8.0	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	10,730	4,365	6,365	15.4	12.5	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	9,350	3,995	5,355	13.4	11.4	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	7,980	3,680	4,300	11.5	10.5	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,245	3,105	3,140	9.0	8.9	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,680	2,670	2,020	6.7	7.6	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,700	2,300	1,400	5.3	6.6	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,815	1,795	1,020	4.0	5.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,350	1,555	790	3.4	4.5	2.3
$100,000 and over	8,480	6,595	1,885	12.2	18.9	5.4
$100,000 to $149,999	6,200	4,765	1,435	8.9	13.6	4.1
$150,000 and over	2,280	1,830	455	3.3	5.2	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	71,310	35,625	35,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,575	680	900	2.2	1.9	2.5
With after-tax income	69,740	34,950	34,790	97.8	98.1	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,845	2,180	3,670	8.4	6.2	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,125	2,910	5,210	11.7	8.3	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	12,240	5,015	7,225	17.6	14.4	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	10,665	4,660	6,005	15.3	13.3	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,805	4,285	4,525	12.6	12.2	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,435	3,550	2,885	9.2	10.2	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,745	2,955	1,790	6.8	8.5	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,540	2,320	1,220	5.1	6.6	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,130	2,180	950	4.5	6.2	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,210	1,735	475	3.2	5.0	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,990	3,160	835	5.7	9.0	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,225	1,770	450	3.2	5.1	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,770	1,390	380	2.5	4.0	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	71,310	35,625	35,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,785	9,440	12,340	30.5	26.5	34.6
With employment income	49,530	26,180	23,350	69.5	73.5	65.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,655	3,715	3,945	15.5	14.2	16.9
$5,000 to $9,999	3,810	1,560	2,250	7.7	6.0	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	5,770	2,430	3,335	11.6	9.3	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,770	1,985	2,780	9.6	7.6	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,525	1,960	2,570	9.1	7.5	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	4,065	1,860	2,200	8.2	7.1	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,310	1,570	1,740	6.7	6.0	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,750	1,630	1,120	5.6	6.2	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,355	1,510	840	4.8	5.8	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,955	1,265	685	3.9	4.8	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,785	1,205	575	3.6	4.6	2.5
$100,000 and over	6,790	5,475	1,305	13.7	20.9	5.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,675	2,840	830	7.4	10.8	3.6
$125,000 and over	3,115	2,635	475	6.3	10.1	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	71,315	35,625	35,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,420	34,290	34,130	95.9	96.3	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	51,600	31,200	39,600	51,600	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,610	34,310	34,300	96.2	96.3	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	45,200	28,600	35,600	45,200	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,255	32,375	30,880	88.7	90.9	86.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	47,600	26,600	35,200	47,600	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,550	27,080	24,475	72.3	76.0	68.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	48,000	27,000	34,800	48,000	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,095	20,955	26,140	66.0	58.8	73.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	9,600	8,300	8,900	9,600	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,795	2,810	2,980	8.1	7.9	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,520	5,320	5,400	5,520	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	71,365	35,645	35,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,590	34,345	34,250	96.1	96.4	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,450	65,500	39,400	52,450	65,500	39,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,750	34,350	34,395	96.3	96.4	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	53,450	34,080	43,720	53,450	34,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,635	32,585	31,045	89.2	91.4	86.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,280	62,500	35,440	49,280	62,500	35,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,785	27,280	24,505	72.6	76.5	68.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,600	61,100	34,760	48,600	61,100	34,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,240	20,755	26,485	66.2	58.2	74.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,770	10,190	9,440	9,770	10,190	9,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,830	2,850	2,975	8.2	8.0	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,790	6,335	7,230	6,790	6,335	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	71,365	35,645	35,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,500	12,175	8,325	28.7	34.2	23.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	76,000	48,000	62,800	76,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,900	84,900	55,400	72,900	84,900	55,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,915	9,905	11,010	29.3	27.8	30.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	34,400	22,600	27,000	34,400	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,640	51,900	28,640	39,640	51,900	28,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	90.6	81.4	87.2	90.6	81.4
Employment income (%)	70.0	74.2	63.1	70.0	74.2	63.1
Government transfers (%)	12.8	9.4	18.5	12.8	9.4	18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.1	0.8	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,100	...	...	99,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	52,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,360	...	...	45,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,300	...	...	100,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	300	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	710	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,525	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,230	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,235	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,455	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,550	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,550	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,820	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,640	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,420	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,275	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,200	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,025	...	...	40.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,625	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,490	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,930	...	...	10.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,980	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	320	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	735	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,605	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,425	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,410	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,705	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,800	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,660	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,250	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,915	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,940	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,740	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,470	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,890	...	...	31.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,855	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,990	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,045	...	...	10.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,765	7,625	7,135	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	43,600	36,000	39,200	43,600	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	39,200	33,200	36,000	39,200	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,100	...	...	117,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,300	...	...	99,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	88,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,200	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,400	...	...	126,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...	69,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,800	7,590	7,215	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,680	56,500	42,520	49,680	56,500	42,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,960	47,680	37,960	42,960	47,680	37,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	84,390	42,285	42,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,635	7,960	7,680	18.5	18.8	18.2
0 to 5 years	4,685	2,340	2,345	5.6	5.5	5.6
18 to 64 years	49,530	24,710	24,815	58.7	58.4	58.9
65 years and over	19,225	9,610	9,615	22.8	22.7	22.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,830	3,565	4,260	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,425	700	730	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	460	225	235	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,875	1,830	2,045	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,530	1,045	1,490	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.4	10.1	9.3	8.4	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	8.8	9.5	9.1	8.8	9.5
0 to 5 years (%)	9.8	9.7	9.9	9.8	9.7	9.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.4	8.2	7.8	7.4	8.2
65 years and over (%)	13.1	10.8	15.5	13.1	10.8	15.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	83,580	41,895	41,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,475	7,885	7,595	18.5	18.8	18.2
0 to 5 years	4,640	2,315	2,325	5.6	5.5	5.6
18 to 64 years	48,985	24,450	24,540	58.6	58.4	58.9
65 years and over	19,110	9,560	9,555	22.9	22.8	22.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,995	1,030	965	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	335	165	165	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	95	55	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,425	750	675	...	...	...
65 years and over	235	110	125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	2.4	1.8	2.1	2.4	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.1	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	84,390	42,285	42,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	40,470	19,455	21,015	48.0	46.0	49.9
In bottom decile	7,230	3,375	3,855	8.6	8.0	9.2
In second decile	8,075	3,735	4,340	9.6	8.8	10.3
In third decile	8,360	4,035	4,325	9.9	9.5	10.3
In fourth decile	8,470	4,145	4,325	10.0	9.8	10.3
In fifth decile	8,335	4,165	4,170	9.9	9.8	9.9
In top half of the distribution	43,930	22,830	21,095	52.1	54.0	50.1
In sixth decile	8,930	4,550	4,380	10.6	10.8	10.4
In seventh decile	8,795	4,510	4,285	10.4	10.7	10.2
In eighth decile	8,985	4,685	4,300	10.6	11.1	10.2
In ninth decile	9,470	4,975	4,490	11.2	11.8	10.7
In top decile	7,750	4,110	3,635	9.2	9.7	8.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	84,395	...	...	84,395	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	85,365	42,830	42,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	79,715	40,295	39,420	93.4	94.1	92.7
French only	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,510	2,475	3,035	6.5	5.8	7.1
Neither English nor French	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	85,365	42,830	42,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	83,600	41,995	41,605	97.9	98.1	97.8
French	1,570	750	820	1.8	1.8	1.9
English and French	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	85,365	42,830	42,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,275	42,330	41,945	98.7	98.8	98.6
Official languages	79,075	39,900	39,170	92.6	93.2	92.1
English	77,405	39,105	38,300	90.7	91.3	90.1
French	1,670	795	880	2.0	1.9	2.1
Non-official languages	5,205	2,430	2,775	6.1	5.7	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,150	2,410	2,740	6.0	5.6	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	25	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	455	155	300	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	390	130	260	0.5	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,910	1,895	2,015	4.6	4.4	4.7
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	715	320	395	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	680	305	375	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	140	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,850	875	970	2.2	2.0	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,300	610	695	1.5	1.4	1.6
German	1,185	550	635	1.4	1.3	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	415	205	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	270	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	130	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	680	390	290	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	675	380	290	0.8	0.9	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	95	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	265	205	0.6	0.6	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	630	285	345	0.7	0.7	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	295	150	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	245	100	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korean	120	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	265	115	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	240	105	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,080	500	585	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	335	165	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	655	290	370	0.8	0.7	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	85,365	42,830	42,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	79,925	40,285	39,640	93.6	94.1	93.2
French	375	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	720	370	350	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	720	365	350	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	885	395	490	1.0	0.9	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	3,265	1,510	1,755	3.8	3.5	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	85,365	42,830	42,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,615	42,490	42,120	99.1	99.2	99.0
Official languages	83,015	41,675	41,340	97.2	97.3	97.2
English	82,490	41,430	41,060	96.6	96.7	96.5
French	530	250	280	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official languages	1,600	815	785	1.9	1.9	1.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,595	815	780	1.9	1.9	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,080	570	515	1.3	1.3	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	300	145	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
German	170	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	465	255	210	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	455	250	205	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	350	190	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	745	340	405	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	185	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	545	250	290	0.6	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	85,365	42,830	42,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	81,665	41,115	40,550	95.7	96.0	95.3
English	820	395	425	1.0	0.9	1.0
French	585	275	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	1,915	860	1,055	2.2	2.0	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,800	805	995	2.1	1.9	2.3
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	84,450	42,265	42,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	84,355	42,220	42,130	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	84,320	42,200	42,120	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	5,450	2,340	3,115	6.5	5.5	7.4
Non-official languages	8,425	3,935	4,495	10.0	9.3	10.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	240	95	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,185	3,835	4,350	9.7	9.1	10.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	710	290	425	0.8	0.7	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	665	275	395	0.8	0.7	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,175	2,930	3,240	7.3	6.9	7.7
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	915	445	465	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	900	445	465	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	170	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	265	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	190	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,575	1,210	1,365	3.0	2.9	3.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,885	890	990	2.2	2.1	2.3
German	1,800	860	940	2.1	2.0	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	610	265	345	0.7	0.6	0.8
Afrikaans	260	110	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Dutch	325	145	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	915	530	385	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	900	515	385	1.1	1.2	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	450	265	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	700	385	315	0.8	0.9	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,005	845	1,160	2.4	2.0	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	510	215	295	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,475	605	870	1.7	1.4	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	220	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	455	180	275	0.5	0.4	0.7
Chinese languages	425	175	255	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	300	125	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	220	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,455	42,265	42,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,200	3,515	3,685	8.5	8.3	8.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,945	3,395	3,550	8.2	8.0	8.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,800	1,340	1,465	3.3	3.2	3.5
Métis	4,065	2,015	2,055	4.8	4.8	4.9
Inuk (Inuit)	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	77,255	38,750	38,505	91.5	91.7	91.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,455	42,265	42,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,775	820	950	2.1	1.9	2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	82,675	41,440	41,235	97.9	98.0	97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,280	...	...	78.4	...	...
Renter	8,000	...	...	21.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,415	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not condominium	33,950	...	...	90.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,125	...	...	8.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,630	...	...	25.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,915	...	...	34.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,540	...	...	30.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,290	...	...	22.2	...	...
5 rooms	6,130	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	5,995	...	...	16.0	...	...
7 rooms	5,030	...	...	13.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,925	...	...	31.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,060	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	305	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,395	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	965	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,205	...	...	16.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,215	...	...	35.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,415	...	...	11.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,385	...	...	14.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,885	...	...	5.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,710	...	...	7.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,775	...	...	4.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,765	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,675	...	...	92.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,685	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,660	...	...	49.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,450	...	...	46.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,250	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	745	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,555	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,140	...	...	16.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,720	...	...	15.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,740	...	...	20.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,575	...	...	20.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,590	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,290	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,390	...	...	85.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,165	...	...	14.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,700	...	...	12.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,150	...	...	21.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,655	...	...	12.5	...	...
Not suitable only	770	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,075	...	...	5.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	455	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,210	...	...	78.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,675	...	...	7.4	...	...
Not in core need	33,420	...	...	92.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,710	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.1	...	...	53.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,152	...	...	1,152	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	458,800	...	...	458,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,900	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.7	...	...	28.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	85	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	460	...	...	460	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	84,455	42,260	42,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,995	1,000	995	2.4	2.4	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,915	965	945	2.3	2.3	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,235	585	650	1.5	1.4	1.5
Métis single ancestry	665	370	295	0.8	0.9	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,890	2,860	3,030	7.0	6.8	7.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,695	2,765	2,935	6.7	6.5	7.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,220	1,585	1,630	3.8	3.8	3.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,415	1,155	1,260	2.9	2.7	3.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	76,570	38,410	38,160	90.7	90.9	90.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	84,455	42,265	42,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	80,665	40,475	40,185	95.5	95.8	95.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,425	7,865	7,560	18.3	18.6	17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,235	32,605	32,630	77.2	77.1	77.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,790	1,785	2,005	4.5	4.2	4.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	84,455	42,265	42,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	74,965	37,725	37,240	88.8	89.3	88.3
Immigrants⁸¹	8,365	3,925	4,440	9.9	9.3	10.5
Before 1980	3,380	1,680	1,700	4.0	4.0	4.0
1980 to 1990	850	360	485	1.0	0.9	1.1
1991 to 2000	840	285	555	1.0	0.7	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,185	610	580	1.4	1.4	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,110	990	1,125	2.5	2.3	2.7
2011 to 2015	910	415	495	1.1	1.0	1.2
2016 to 2021	1,195	575	625	1.4	1.4	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,125	615	505	1.3	1.5	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,365	3,925	4,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	915	515	400	10.9	13.1	9.0
5 to 14 years	1,405	645	760	16.8	16.4	17.1
15 to 24 years	1,645	795	850	19.7	20.3	19.1
25 to 44 years	3,790	1,675	2,115	45.3	42.7	47.6
45 years and over	615	300	315	7.4	7.6	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,365	3,925	4,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,590	615	975	19.0	15.7	22.0
Brazil	25	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.6
Colombia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
El Salvador	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	150	60	85	1.8	1.5	1.9
Mexico	70	10	60	0.8	0.3	1.4
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
United States of America	1,170	460	715	14.0	11.7	16.1
Other places of birth in Americas	110	40	70	1.3	1.0	1.6
Europe	4,535	2,270	2,260	54.2	57.8	50.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Croatia	30	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
France	120	60	60	1.4	1.5	1.4
Germany	745	355	390	8.9	9.0	8.8
Greece	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	65	35	25	0.8	0.9	0.6
Italy	185	110	75	2.2	2.8	1.7
Netherlands	285	150	135	3.4	3.8	3.0
Poland	145	60	85	1.7	1.5	1.9
Portugal	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Romania	35	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Russian Federation	65	35	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	25	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.3
Ukraine	90	40	50	1.1	1.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,910	985	925	22.8	25.1	20.8
Other places of birth in Europe	790	385	405	9.4	9.8	9.1
Africa	380	190	195	4.5	4.8	4.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	55	30	25	0.7	0.8	0.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	230	100	125	2.7	2.5	2.8
Other places of birth in Africa	70	30	40	0.8	0.8	0.9
Asia	1,330	565	755	15.9	14.4	17.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	125	60	65	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	30	30	0.7	0.8	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	95	55	40	1.1	1.4	0.9
Taiwan	55	20	35	0.7	0.5	0.8
Philippines	520	185	340	6.2	4.7	7.7
Viet Nam	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	220	110	110	2.6	2.8	2.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	195	75	120	2.3	1.9	2.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	535	285	250	6.4	7.3	5.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,200	570	625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	270	120	155	22.5	21.1	24.8
Brazil	15	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	120	55	60	10.0	9.6	9.6
Mexico	20	0	15	1.7	0.0	2.4
United States of America	100	45	55	8.3	7.9	8.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	1.7	1.8	1.6
Europe	340	170	170	28.3	29.8	27.2
France	30	15	15	2.5	2.6	2.4
Germany	30	10	20	2.5	1.8	3.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.8	1.8	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	115	95	17.9	20.2	15.2
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	30	4.2	3.5	4.8
Africa	35	20	15	2.9	3.5	2.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	385	175	205	32.1	30.7	32.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	10	2.1	1.8	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	95	55	40	7.9	9.6	6.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	240	100	140	20.0	17.5	22.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.6
Oceania and other⁹³	175	95	80	14.6	16.7	12.8
Australia	155	95	65	12.9	16.7	10.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	84,455	42,265	42,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,245	4,940	5,305	12.1	11.7	12.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,580	6,670	6,910	16.1	15.8	16.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	60,630	30,655	29,975	71.8	72.5	71.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,985	2,245	2,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,840	1,405	1,445	57.0	62.6	52.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,375	835	535	27.6	37.2	19.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,465	565	905	29.4	25.2	33.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,895	710	1,190	38.0	31.6	43.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	215	115	95	4.3	5.1	3.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,985	2,245	2,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,685	805	880	33.8	35.9	32.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	205	75	130	4.1	3.3	4.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	305	145	160	6.1	6.5	5.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	90	15	70	1.8	0.7	2.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,690	1,205	1,490	54.0	53.7	54.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	84,450	42,265	42,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,050	1,985	2,065	4.8	4.7	4.9
South Asian	1,140	645	495	1.3	1.5	1.2
Chinese	585	250	330	0.7	0.6	0.8
Black	455	235	220	0.5	0.6	0.5
Filipino	810	340	470	1.0	0.8	1.1
Arab	50	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin American	260	90	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
Southeast Asian	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	120	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	285	150	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	80,405	40,280	40,125	95.2	95.3	95.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	84,455	42,265	42,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,010	6,105	5,910	14.2	14.4	14.0
English	25,735	12,610	13,125	30.5	29.8	31.1
Irish	15,295	7,045	8,250	18.1	16.7	19.6
Scottish	19,260	9,355	9,905	22.8	22.1	23.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,690	4,220	4,470	10.3	10.0	10.6
German	15,100	7,540	7,560	17.9	17.8	17.9
Chinese	625	280	345	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italian	4,250	2,150	2,100	5.0	5.1	5.0
Indian (India)	740	415	325	0.9	1.0	0.8
Ukrainian	5,450	2,875	2,570	6.5	6.8	6.1
Dutch	3,895	1,960	1,930	4.6	4.6	4.6
Polish	3,500	1,755	1,745	4.1	4.2	4.1
Québécois	130	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,770	1,895	1,880	4.5	4.5	4.5
Filipino	695	270	425	0.8	0.6	1.0
French Canadian	900	475	425	1.1	1.1	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,825	940	885	2.2	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,845	865	975	2.2	2.0	2.3
Métis	3,345	1,650	1,700	4.0	3.9	4.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,360	1,235	1,130	2.8	2.9	2.7
Russian	2,670	1,345	1,325	3.2	3.2	3.1
Norwegian	4,120	1,895	2,225	4.9	4.5	5.3
Welsh	2,430	1,145	1,290	2.9	2.7	3.1
Portuguese	275	95	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
American	1,625	710	915	1.9	1.7	2.2
Spanish	465	165	295	0.6	0.4	0.7
Swedish	3,235	1,610	1,625	3.8	3.8	3.9
Hungarian	1,285	585	705	1.5	1.4	1.7
Acadian	215	85	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	185	70	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	220	125	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	260	165	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
Jamaican	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	715	325	390	0.8	0.8	0.9
Korean	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	625	295	325	0.7	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	1,350	665	685	1.6	1.6	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	640	345	290	0.8	0.8	0.7
Sikh	135	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austrian	1,065	510	555	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belgian	365	165	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haitian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	80	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	135	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	305	150	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	1,040	450	585	1.2	1.1	1.4
Finnish	555	265	290	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	245	150	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japanese	375	210	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	865	430	425	1.0	1.0	1.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	450	255	190	0.5	0.6	0.5
Colombian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,040	500	540	1.2	1.2	1.3
Syrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	220	125	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	295	150	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	105	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	365	185	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australian	555	280	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
Palestinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	300	125	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	90	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	780	365	415	0.9	0.9	1.0
Ecuadorian	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	230	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	135	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	84,450	42,265	42,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	310	110	205	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	32,215	14,740	17,475	38.1	34.9	41.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,015	3,365	3,650	8.3	8.0	8.7
Anabaptist	300	160	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Anglican	2,950	1,325	1,620	3.5	3.1	3.8
Baptist	1,050	490	560	1.2	1.2	1.3
Catholic	9,650	4,405	5,245	11.4	10.4	12.4
Christian Orthodox	300	135	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	785	325	455	0.9	0.8	1.1
Latter Day Saints	1,435	645	790	1.7	1.5	1.9
Lutheran	1,385	655	730	1.6	1.5	1.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	725	345	380	0.9	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	620	255	370	0.7	0.6	0.9
Reformed	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Church	3,890	1,705	2,185	4.6	4.0	5.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,925	840	1,085	2.3	2.0	2.6
Hindu	350	195	150	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sikh	530	285	245	0.6	0.7	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	755	290	470	0.9	0.7	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	49,920	26,475	23,445	59.1	62.6	55.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	83,825	41,935	41,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	72,390	36,280	36,110	86.4	86.5	86.2
Movers	11,435	5,655	5,780	13.6	13.5	13.8
Non-migrants	5,280	2,500	2,775	6.3	6.0	6.6
Migrants	6,160	3,150	3,005	7.3	7.5	7.2
Internal migrants	5,820	2,975	2,845	6.9	7.1	6.8
Intraprovincial migrants	3,000	1,510	1,490	3.6	3.6	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,820	1,465	1,360	3.4	3.5	3.2
External migrants	335	175	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	80,670	40,270	40,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	46,805	23,385	23,420	58.0	58.1	58.0
Movers	33,870	16,885	16,985	42.0	41.9	42.0
Non-migrants	10,290	5,120	5,170	12.8	12.7	12.8
Migrants	23,580	11,760	11,820	29.2	29.2	29.3
Internal migrants	21,855	10,895	10,955	27.1	27.1	27.1
Intraprovincial migrants	12,635	6,230	6,410	15.7	15.5	15.9
Interprovincial migrants	9,215	4,665	4,550	11.4	11.6	11.3
External migrants	1,730	865	865	2.1	2.1	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,365	35,645	35,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,475	7,125	5,350	17.5	20.0	15.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,895	28,520	30,370	82.5	80.0	85.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,340	22,005	22,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,745	2,810	1,940	10.7	12.8	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	39,595	19,200	20,395	89.3	87.3	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,365	35,640	35,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,515	5,715	4,790	14.7	16.0	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,670	10,995	11,675	31.8	30.9	32.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,185	18,930	19,255	53.5	53.1	53.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,730	13,510	12,215	36.1	37.9	34.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,610	7,010	1,595	12.1	19.7	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,590	1,525	1,065	3.6	4.3	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,020	5,485	535	8.4	15.4	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,340	5,800	9,540	21.5	16.3	26.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,775	695	1,080	2.5	2.0	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,455	5,420	7,040	17.5	15.2	19.7
Bachelor's degree	8,435	3,605	4,830	11.8	10.1	13.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	735	305	430	1.0	0.9	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	460	270	190	0.6	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	2,570	1,110	1,460	3.6	3.1	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	255	130	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,345	22,010	22,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,855	2,190	1,665	8.7	10.0	7.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,620	6,950	6,675	30.7	31.6	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,865	12,870	13,995	60.6	58.5	62.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,780	9,200	8,575	40.1	41.8	38.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,790	4,770	1,025	13.1	21.7	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,700	1,010	680	3.8	4.6	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,095	3,755	340	9.2	17.1	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,830	3,970	6,855	24.4	18.0	30.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,165	465	700	2.6	2.1	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,085	3,665	5,415	20.5	16.7	24.2
Bachelor's degree	6,265	2,520	3,750	14.1	11.4	16.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	520	220	305	1.2	1.0	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	325	155	170	0.7	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	1,825	700	1,130	4.1	3.2	5.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	71,365	35,640	35,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	33,185	16,715	16,465	46.5	46.9	46.1
Education	3,085	770	2,315	4.3	2.2	6.5
13. Education	3,085	770	2,315	4.3	2.2	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	945	430	515	1.3	1.2	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	95	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	825	330	490	1.2	0.9	1.4
Humanities	1,260	565	695	1.8	1.6	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	20	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	245	80	165	0.3	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	425	190	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	65	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	100	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	180	100	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,815	840	1,975	3.9	2.4	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	295	110	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	655	20	635	0.9	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	360	100	265	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	495	145	350	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	885	420	460	1.2	1.2	1.3
Business, management and public administration	6,700	2,090	4,610	9.4	5.9	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	660	105	550	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,030	1,975	4,050	8.4	5.5	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,415	740	670	2.0	2.1	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	465	190	270	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	355	160	200	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	475	350	125	0.7	1.0	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	670	380	285	0.9	1.1	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	465	280	185	0.7	0.8	0.5
25. Library science	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	85	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,175	9,435	745	14.3	26.5	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	225	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,050	860	190	1.5	2.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,735	1,490	240	2.4	4.2	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,815	2,750	70	3.9	7.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,040	2,945	90	4.3	8.3	0.3
48. Precision production	1,315	1,265	50	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,975	1,255	720	2.8	3.5	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	765	380	390	1.1	1.1	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,205	875	330	1.7	2.5	0.9
Health and related fields	6,500	1,120	5,380	9.1	3.1	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	830	450	380	1.2	1.3	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,485	550	4,930	7.7	1.5	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	120	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,625	1,305	1,325	3.7	3.7	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,600	465	1,135	2.2	1.3	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	395	255	140	0.6	0.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	600	550	50	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	44,340	22,005	22,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,480	9,140	8,340	39.4	41.5	37.3
Education	1,780	380	1,405	4.0	1.7	6.3
13. Education	1,780	380	1,405	4.0	1.7	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	760	335	425	1.7	1.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	665	265	400	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	880	400	485	2.0	1.8	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	165	60	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	295	120	175	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	105	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,170	570	1,600	4.9	2.6	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	255	105	150	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	510	10	495	1.2	0.0	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	300	70	230	0.7	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	345	65	280	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	650	270	380	1.5	1.2	1.7
Business, management and public administration	4,895	1,505	3,385	11.0	6.8	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	520	70	450	1.2	0.3	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,370	1,435	2,940	9.9	6.5	13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	950	430	520	2.1	2.0	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	300	95	210	0.7	0.4	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	270	115	150	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	310	200	115	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	500	270	230	1.1	1.2	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	395	230	165	0.9	1.0	0.7
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,010	6,420	590	15.8	29.2	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	190	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	790	625	165	1.8	2.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,110	920	190	2.5	4.2	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,990	1,955	35	4.5	8.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,045	1,980	55	4.6	9.0	0.2
48. Precision production	890	850	40	2.0	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,505	905	600	3.4	4.1	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	580	250	330	1.3	1.1	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	925	655	265	2.1	3.0	1.2
Health and related fields	4,540	820	3,720	10.2	3.7	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	660	360	300	1.5	1.6	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,755	405	3,350	8.5	1.8	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,865	840	1,025	4.2	3.8	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,160	305	860	2.6	1.4	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	315	190	120	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	385	340	45	0.9	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	44,340	22,005	22,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,480	9,140	8,340	39.4	41.5	37.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	26,860	12,865	13,995	60.6	58.5	62.7
Location of study inside Canada	23,710	11,480	12,230	53.5	52.2	54.8
Same as province or territory of residence	12,745	6,075	6,670	28.7	27.6	29.9
Different than province or territory of residence	10,970	5,405	5,560	24.7	24.6	24.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,155	1,390	1,760	7.1	6.3	7.9
Americas	770	270	500	1.7	1.2	2.2
United States of America	660	250	410	1.5	1.1	1.8
Mexico	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	1,120	545	575	2.5	2.5	2.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Germany	170	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Netherlands	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Switzerland	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	550	290	260	1.2	1.3	1.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	730	305	425	1.6	1.4	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	330	105	225	0.7	0.5	1.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	260	140	120	0.6	0.6	0.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	390	200	190	0.9	0.9	0.9
Australia	275	140	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
New Zealand	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	71,365	35,640	35,720	...	...	...
In the labour force	43,790	23,300	20,490	...	...	...
Employed	40,365	21,590	18,770	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,425	1,705	1,720	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,575	12,345	15,230	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.4	65.4	57.4	61.4	65.4	57.4
Employment rate	56.6	60.6	52.5	56.6	60.6	52.5
Unemployment rate	7.8	7.3	8.4	7.8	7.3	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	71,365	35,640	35,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,135	12,100	15,030	38.0	34.0	42.1
Worked	44,235	23,545	20,690	62.0	66.1	57.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,150	12,570	8,585	29.6	35.3	24.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,080	10,975	12,105	32.3	30.8	33.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.3	39.5	40.5	41.3	39.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	43,790	23,300	20,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	290	350	1.5	1.2	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	43,145	23,010	20,145	98.5	98.8	98.3
Employee	35,835	18,855	16,980	81.8	80.9	82.9
Permanent position	29,305	15,875	13,435	66.9	68.1	65.6
Temporary position	6,525	2,980	3,545	14.9	12.8	17.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,395	590	800	3.2	2.5	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,135	2,385	2,745	11.7	10.2	13.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,315	4,150	3,160	16.7	17.8	15.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	43,790	23,300	20,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	290	350	1.5	1.2	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	43,145	23,010	20,145	98.5	98.8	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	295	160	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,545	1,275	4,270	12.7	5.5	20.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,315	1,715	605	5.3	7.4	3.0
3 Health occupations	3,095	500	2,590	7.1	2.1	12.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,200	1,155	3,045	9.6	5.0	14.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,055	425	635	2.4	1.8	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	11,050	4,170	6,885	25.2	17.9	33.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,895	9,860	1,035	24.9	42.3	5.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,775	2,170	605	6.3	9.3	3.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,925	1,585	340	4.4	6.8	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	43,790	23,300	20,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	290	350	1.5	1.2	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	43,145	23,010	20,145	98.5	98.8	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,845	1,255	590	4.2	5.4	2.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,015	3,300	715	9.2	14.2	3.5
22 Utilities	195	160	35	0.4	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	4,165	3,575	585	9.5	15.3	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	2,760	2,100	665	6.3	9.0	3.2
41 Wholesale trade	780	605	180	1.8	2.6	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	5,295	2,420	2,875	12.1	10.4	14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,835	1,395	440	4.2	6.0	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	340	185	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	775	245	525	1.8	1.1	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	660	305	355	1.5	1.3	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,060	940	1,115	4.7	4.0	5.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	160	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,680	885	800	3.8	3.8	3.9
61 Educational services	2,610	625	1,980	6.0	2.7	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	4,975	765	4,210	11.4	3.3	20.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,580	820	765	3.6	3.5	3.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,660	1,435	2,225	8.4	6.2	10.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,845	915	925	4.2	3.9	4.5
91 Public administration	1,925	995	930	4.4	4.3	4.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	47,785	25,250	22,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	46,960	24,995	21,965	98.3	99.0	97.5
French	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	380	115	260	0.8	0.5	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	350	105	240	0.7	0.4	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	47,785	25,250	22,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,735	25,235	22,490	99.9	99.9	99.8
Official languages	47,685	25,220	22,470	99.8	99.9	99.7
English	47,615	25,200	22,415	99.6	99.8	99.5
French	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and French	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	47,785	25,250	22,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	47,075	25,030	22,045	98.5	99.1	97.8
English	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
French	335	110	220	0.7	0.4	1.0
Non-official language	285	70	210	0.6	0.3	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	220	60	160	0.5	0.2	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	40,365	21,595	18,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,285	2,350	2,935	13.1	10.9	15.6
Worked outside Canada	125	105	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,940	5,270	1,670	17.2	24.4	8.9
Usual place of work	28,015	13,875	14,145	69.4	64.3	75.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	28,015	13,875	14,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,755	7,080	8,670	56.2	51.0	61.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,610	5,695	4,915	37.9	41.0	34.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	505	355	150	1.8	2.6	1.1
Commute to a different province or territory	1,145	735	405	4.1	5.3	2.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,955	19,145	15,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	30,150	16,700	13,450	86.3	87.2	85.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,765	15,380	12,390	79.4	80.3	78.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,385	1,320	1,060	6.8	6.9	6.7
Public transit	680	520	165	1.9	2.7	1.0
Walked	2,675	1,085	1,585	7.7	5.7	10.0
Bicycle	655	365	290	1.9	1.9	1.8
Other method	790	470	325	2.3	2.5	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,955	19,145	15,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,195	9,170	10,035	54.9	47.9	63.5
15 to 29 minutes	8,235	4,525	3,715	23.6	23.6	23.5
30 to 44 minutes	3,685	2,375	1,305	10.5	12.4	8.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,235	855	385	3.5	4.5	2.4
60 minutes and over	2,600	2,225	375	7.4	11.6	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,955	19,145	15,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,270	2,600	675	9.4	13.6	4.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,995	4,030	1,970	17.2	21.0	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,150	4,635	3,515	23.3	24.2	22.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,095	3,215	4,875	23.2	16.8	30.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,470	1,670	2,800	12.8	8.7	17.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,975	3,000	1,970	14.2	15.7	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,925	8,110	7,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,030	520	510	6.5	6.4	6.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,890	7,590	7,305	93.5	93.6	93.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,790	6,035	5,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	760	390	370	6.4	6.5	6.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	275	135	140	2.3	2.2	2.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	485	255	230	4.1	4.2	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,030	5,645	5,385	93.6	93.5	93.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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