Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brampton CentreMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	109,455	54,590	54,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,565	8,975	8,595	16.0	16.4	15.7
0 to 4 years	5,780	2,885	2,895	5.3	5.3	5.3
5 to 9 years	5,895	3,045	2,855	5.4	5.6	5.2
10 to 14 years	5,890	3,040	2,845	5.4	5.6	5.2
15 to 64 years	75,925	38,375	37,550	69.4	70.3	68.4
15 to 19 years	6,120	3,190	2,930	5.6	5.8	5.3
20 to 24 years	8,705	5,035	3,670	8.0	9.2	6.7
25 to 29 years	8,760	4,590	4,165	8.0	8.4	7.6
30 to 34 years	8,295	4,075	4,215	7.6	7.5	7.7
35 to 39 years	7,945	3,830	4,115	7.3	7.0	7.5
40 to 44 years	7,360	3,510	3,850	6.7	6.4	7.0
45 to 49 years	6,790	3,240	3,550	6.2	5.9	6.5
50 to 54 years	7,420	3,590	3,825	6.8	6.6	7.0
55 to 59 years	7,765	3,900	3,870	7.1	7.1	7.1
60 to 64 years	6,770	3,400	3,370	6.2	6.2	6.1
65 years and over	15,965	7,240	8,725	14.6	13.3	15.9
65 to 69 years	5,185	2,470	2,715	4.7	4.5	4.9
70 to 74 years	4,335	1,995	2,345	4.0	3.7	4.3
75 to 79 years	2,880	1,315	1,565	2.6	2.4	2.9
80 to 84 years	1,840	790	1,050	1.7	1.4	1.9
85 years and over	1,720	675	1,045	1.6	1.2	1.9
85 to 89 years	1,150	475	675	1.1	0.9	1.2
90 to 94 years	440	165	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	120	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.4	15.7	16.0	16.4	15.7
15 to 64 years	69.4	70.3	68.4	69.4	70.3	68.4
65 years and over	14.6	13.3	15.9	14.6	13.3	15.9
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	1.9	1.6	1.2	1.9
Average age of the population	39.5	38.6	40.5	39.5	38.6	40.5
Median age of the population	38.4	36.8	39.6	38.4	36.8	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	13,460	...	...	36.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,025	...	...	13.7	...	...
Row house	4,845	...	...	13.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,890	...	...	5.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,635	...	...	9.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	7,705	...	...	21.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,910	...	...	21.6	...	...
2 persons	9,420	...	...	25.8	...	...
3 persons	6,940	...	...	19.0	...	...
4 persons	6,685	...	...	18.3	...	...
5 or more persons	5,620	...	...	15.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	106,790	53,200	53,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,890	45,620	46,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,655	23,335	23,325	50.8	51.2	50.4
Married	41,580	20,780	20,805	45.2	45.6	45.0
Living common-law	5,075	2,550	2,520	5.5	5.6	5.4
Living common law - Never married	3,430	1,720	1,710	3.7	3.8	3.7
Living common law - Separated	355	200	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,180	590	595	1.3	1.3	1.3
Living common law - Widowed	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	45,235	22,285	22,945	49.2	48.8	49.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,445	17,950	14,500	35.3	39.3	31.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,860	1,140	1,720	3.1	2.5	3.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,585	2,210	3,375	6.1	4.8	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,335	985	3,350	4.7	2.2	7.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,205	...	...	42.2	...	...
3 persons	7,585	...	...	26.2	...	...
4 persons	6,475	...	...	22.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,645	...	...	9.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,300	...	...	77.1	...	...
Married couples	19,765	...	...	68.3	...	...
With children⁶	12,620	...	...	43.6	...	...
Without children	7,145	...	...	24.7	...	...
Common-law couples	2,540	...	...	8.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,250	...	...	4.3	...	...
Without children	1,290	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,615	...	...	22.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,405	...	...	18.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,210	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	106,790	53,200	53,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,135	42,740	44,390	81.6	80.3	82.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,600	22,295	22,300	41.8	41.9	41.6
Parents in one-parent families	6,620	1,215	5,405	6.2	2.3	10.1
Children⁶	35,920	19,235	16,685	33.6	36.2	31.1
In a two-parent family	25,195	13,430	11,765	23.6	25.2	22.0
In a one-parent family	10,725	5,805	4,920	10.0	10.9	9.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,660	10,455	9,205	18.4	19.7	17.2
Living alone	7,910	3,715	4,195	7.4	7.0	7.8
Living with other relatives⁷	4,715	2,080	2,635	4.4	3.9	4.9
Living with non-relatives only	7,035	4,660	2,375	6.6	8.8	4.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,050	...	...	57.6	...	...
Couple-family households	16,755	...	...	45.8	...	...
With children⁶	10,730	...	...	29.3	...	...
Without children	6,025	...	...	16.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,295	...	...	11.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,770	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	590	...	...	1.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,165	...	...	5.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,095	...	...	5.7	...	...
One-person households	7,910	...	...	21.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,235	44,225	45,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,310	41,615	42,690	94.5	94.1	94.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,200	34,800	38,000	41,200	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,375	41,650	42,725	94.6	94.2	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	37,200	32,400	34,800	37,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,630	37,125	35,505	81.4	83.9	78.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,000	27,400	32,800	38,000	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,465	32,815	29,640	70.0	74.2	65.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,000	31,200	35,600	40,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,940	38,060	39,880	87.3	86.1	88.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,200	11,000	8,600	6,200	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,655	4,050	5,605	10.8	9.2	12.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,560	5,520	5,480	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,045	15,025	15,020	33.7	34.0	33.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	9,500	8,000	8,000	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,145	44,190	44,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,180	41,570	42,605	94.4	94.1	94.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,640	50,040	41,400	45,640	50,040	41,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,215	41,575	42,635	94.5	94.1	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,360	42,280	36,520	39,360	42,280	36,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,660	37,210	35,455	81.5	84.2	78.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,360	46,640	35,760	41,360	46,640	35,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,395	32,780	29,620	70.0	74.2	65.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,880	47,600	37,680	42,880	47,600	37,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,835	38,010	39,825	87.3	86.0	88.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,780	9,050	12,430	10,780	9,050	12,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,980	4,155	5,825	11.2	9.4	13.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,420	5,960	6,750	6,420	5,960	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,315	14,995	15,320	34.0	33.9	34.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,320	9,020	9,610	9,320	9,020	9,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,145	44,190	44,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,310	16,030	12,275	31.8	36.3	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	60,400	54,400	58,000	60,400	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,600	68,300	59,900	64,600	68,300	59,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,560	11,890	12,665	27.6	26.9	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,600	16,800	18,400	20,600	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,320	29,080	23,760	26,320	29,080	23,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.2	83.4	72.0	78.2	83.4	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.6	75.0	63.3	69.6	75.0	63.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.8	16.5	28.1	21.8	16.5	28.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.2	7.0	9.6	8.2	7.0	9.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.4	6.5	8.4	7.4	6.5	8.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,235	44,225	45,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,925	2,610	2,315	5.5	5.9	5.1
With total income	84,310	41,615	42,690	94.5	94.1	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,810	3,495	4,310	9.3	8.4	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,145	5,040	6,105	13.2	12.1	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	14,175	6,485	7,690	16.8	15.6	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	11,425	5,230	6,190	13.6	12.6	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,160	4,825	5,330	12.0	11.6	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,095	4,000	4,095	9.6	9.6	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,035	3,160	2,875	7.2	7.6	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,435	2,480	1,950	5.3	6.0	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,305	2,000	1,300	3.9	4.8	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,300	1,445	850	2.7	3.5	2.0
$100,000 and over	5,430	3,455	1,980	6.4	8.3	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,335	2,655	1,680	5.1	6.4	3.9
$150,000 and over	1,100	800	300	1.3	1.9	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,235	44,225	45,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,860	2,575	2,280	5.4	5.8	5.1
With after-tax income	84,375	41,650	42,725	94.6	94.2	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,010	3,570	4,435	9.5	8.6	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,580	5,255	6,330	13.7	12.6	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	16,020	7,315	8,705	19.0	17.6	20.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,745	6,560	7,185	16.3	15.7	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	11,535	5,620	5,915	13.7	13.5	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,355	4,390	3,970	9.9	10.5	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,645	3,155	2,485	6.7	7.6	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,670	2,200	1,470	4.3	5.3	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,480	1,390	1,090	2.9	3.3	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,330	800	525	1.6	1.9	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,000	1,390	615	2.4	3.3	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,230	830	400	1.5	2.0	0.9
$125,000 and over	765	555	210	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,235	44,225	45,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,775	11,410	15,365	30.0	25.8	34.1
With employment income	62,465	32,820	29,640	70.0	74.2	65.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,170	3,940	4,230	13.1	12.0	14.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,530	2,475	3,055	8.9	7.6	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,780	3,765	4,010	12.5	11.5	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,140	3,030	3,115	9.8	9.2	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,250	3,165	3,085	10.0	9.7	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,500	3,215	3,285	10.4	9.8	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,595	3,040	2,555	8.9	9.3	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,305	2,425	1,885	6.9	7.4	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,360	2,030	1,330	5.4	6.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,585	1,660	920	4.1	5.1	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,880	1,225	655	3.0	3.7	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,365	2,855	1,510	7.0	8.7	5.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,705	1,640	1,060	4.3	5.0	3.6
$125,000 and over	1,655	1,205	450	2.7	3.7	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,235	44,225	45,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,980	40,375	41,605	91.9	91.3	92.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	31,400	34,800	38,800	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,990	40,380	41,615	91.9	91.3	92.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,600	32,400	35,200	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,410	36,420	34,995	80.0	82.4	77.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,200	30,200	34,400	39,200	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,090	32,495	29,600	69.6	73.5	65.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,800	32,800	36,800	40,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,600	35,170	37,435	81.4	79.5	83.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,760	860	4,960	1,760	860	4,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,750	2,250	3,500	6.4	5.1	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,520	5,960	5,720	5,520	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,145	44,190	44,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,890	40,355	41,540	91.9	91.3	92.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,680	47,240	38,280	42,680	47,240	38,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,905	40,355	41,545	91.9	91.3	92.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,560	39,480	33,720	36,560	39,480	33,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,500	36,415	35,085	80.2	82.4	78.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,080	47,440	36,520	42,080	47,440	36,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,170	32,415	29,755	69.7	73.4	66.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,400	48,400	37,920	43,400	48,400	37,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,375	35,140	37,240	81.2	79.5	82.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	5,072	8,280	6,720	5,072	8,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,880	2,285	3,595	6.6	5.2	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,580	6,680	8,140	7,580	6,680	8,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,145	44,190	44,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,985	15,790	12,195	31.4	35.7	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	57,600	50,000	53,600	57,600	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,950	65,500	55,100	60,950	65,500	55,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,800	11,135	11,670	25.6	25.2	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	27,000	23,800	25,000	27,000	23,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,840	34,840	29,000	31,840	34,840	29,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	90.6	80.6	86.0	90.6	80.6
Employment income (%)	77.2	82.4	71.0	77.2	82.4	71.0
Government transfers (%)	13.9	9.3	19.4	13.9	9.3	19.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	1.8	1.3	0.8	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,100	...	...	105,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...	90,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,320	...	...	50,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,880	...	...	42,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,300	...	...	120,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	335	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	715	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,105	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	965	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	905	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,025	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,180	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,170	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,440	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,465	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,565	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,430	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,385	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,455	...	...	45.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,175	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,705	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,550	...	...	12.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,030	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	340	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	740	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,175	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,085	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,020	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,275	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,360	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,440	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,870	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,050	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,990	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,865	...	...	7.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,270	...	...	36.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,140	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,435	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,700	...	...	12.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,945	8,375	6,575	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	33,600	32,400	33,200	33,600	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	31,400	30,800	31,200	31,400	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...	117,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...	101,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,500	...	...	98,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...	83,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,600	...	...	137,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,300	...	...	118,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,885	8,330	6,560	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,240	40,960	41,560	41,240	40,960	41,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,800	35,400	36,320	35,800	35,400	36,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	106,790	53,200	53,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,125	10,795	10,325	19.8	20.3	19.3
0 to 5 years	6,995	3,540	3,450	6.6	6.7	6.4
18 to 64 years	70,365	35,435	34,930	65.9	66.6	65.2
65 years and over	15,305	6,965	8,345	14.3	13.1	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,800	4,580	5,215	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,425	1,205	1,215	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	875	430	445	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,445	2,645	2,800	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,930	725	1,200	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.2	8.6	9.7	9.2	8.6	9.7
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.2	11.8	11.5	11.2	11.8
0 to 5 years (%)	12.5	12.2	12.9	12.5	12.2	12.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.5	8.0	7.7	7.5	8.0
65 years and over (%)	12.6	10.5	14.4	12.6	10.5	14.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,790	53,200	53,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,125	10,795	10,325	19.8	20.3	19.3
0 to 5 years	6,995	3,540	3,450	6.6	6.7	6.4
18 to 64 years	70,365	35,435	34,925	65.9	66.6	65.2
65 years and over	15,305	6,965	8,345	14.3	13.1	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,255	4,020	3,235	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,080	540	540	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	395	200	195	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,540	3,190	2,350	...	...	...
65 years and over	635	290	345	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.8	7.6	6.0	6.8	7.6	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.6	5.7	5.7	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	9.0	6.7	7.9	9.0	6.7
65 years and over (%)	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	106,795	53,195	53,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	55,985	27,770	28,215	52.4	52.2	52.6
In bottom decile	10,645	5,530	5,115	10.0	10.4	9.5
In second decile	10,330	4,940	5,385	9.7	9.3	10.0
In third decile	11,580	5,745	5,835	10.8	10.8	10.9
In fourth decile	11,420	5,645	5,770	10.7	10.6	10.8
In fifth decile	12,020	5,910	6,110	11.3	11.1	11.4
In top half of the distribution	50,805	25,425	25,380	47.6	47.8	47.4
In sixth decile	11,825	5,900	5,925	11.1	11.1	11.1
In seventh decile	11,825	5,860	5,965	11.1	11.0	11.1
In eighth decile	11,190	5,600	5,590	10.5	10.5	10.4
In ninth decile	10,035	5,060	4,975	9.4	9.5	9.3
In top decile	5,925	3,005	2,920	5.5	5.6	5.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	106,795	...	...	106,795	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.397	...	...	0.397	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.246	...	...	0.246	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	107,130	53,405	53,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	98,885	49,905	48,980	92.3	93.4	91.2
French only	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,960	2,210	2,750	4.6	4.1	5.1
Neither English nor French	3,175	1,245	1,925	3.0	2.3	3.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	107,130	53,405	53,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	102,460	51,435	51,030	95.6	96.3	95.0
French	1,065	520	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	500	240	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Neither English nor French	3,105	1,215	1,885	2.9	2.3	3.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	107,130	53,405	53,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	99,775	49,765	50,015	93.1	93.2	93.1
Official languages	61,685	30,520	31,160	57.6	57.1	58.0
English	60,745	30,055	30,690	56.7	56.3	57.1
French	940	465	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official languages	38,095	19,245	18,850	35.6	36.0	35.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	38,095	19,245	18,850	35.6	36.0	35.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,140	580	560	1.1	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,085	555	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	750	395	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	775	370	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	760	365	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,660	1,160	1,500	2.5	2.2	2.8
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pangasinan	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,265	970	1,290	2.1	1.8	2.4
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	185	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,355	1,215	1,145	2.2	2.3	2.1
Kannada	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	660	350	310	0.6	0.7	0.6
Tamil	1,210	605	605	1.1	1.1	1.1
Telugu	395	215	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	28,660	14,760	13,895	26.8	27.6	25.9
Albanian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,710	815	895	1.6	1.5	1.7
Baltic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,685	800	885	1.6	1.5	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	885	420	465	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	330	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	465	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	275	130	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	19,305	10,285	9,020	18.0	19.3	16.8
Indo-Aryan languages	18,835	10,050	8,790	17.6	18.8	16.4
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	490	235	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Gujarati	1,920	1,020	900	1.8	1.9	1.7
Hindi	2,230	1,165	1,065	2.1	2.2	2.0
Kacchi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	305	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10,170	5,615	4,555	9.5	10.5	8.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	300	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Urdu	3,075	1,535	1,535	2.9	2.9	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	470	235	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	350	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	235	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,970	3,340	3,625	6.5	6.3	6.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	895	455	445	0.8	0.9	0.8
Portuguese	3,280	1,565	1,720	3.1	2.9	3.2
Romanian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,660	1,265	1,395	2.5	2.4	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	865	405	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
Akan (Twi)	340	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	935	420	510	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	905	405	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	400	180	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	430	190	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,350	3,645	3,710	6.9	6.8	6.9
English and French	380	175	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	6,250	3,130	3,120	5.8	5.9	5.8
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	530	255	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	107,130	53,405	53,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	62,570	30,910	31,660	58.4	57.9	58.9
French	315	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	11,650	5,935	5,715	10.9	11.1	10.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,650	5,935	5,715	10.9	11.1	10.6
English and French	785	365	420	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	29,760	15,075	14,685	27.8	28.2	27.3
French and non-official language(s)	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	675	310	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	1,280	615	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	107,130	53,405	53,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	98,675	49,170	49,505	92.1	92.1	92.1
Official languages	73,850	36,455	37,400	68.9	68.3	69.6
English	73,350	36,210	37,135	68.5	67.8	69.1
French	505	240	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	24,820	12,715	12,105	23.2	23.8	22.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,820	12,715	12,105	23.2	23.8	22.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	650	300	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	625	295	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	440	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	590	290	300	0.6	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	585	285	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,470	700	770	1.4	1.3	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,275	600	675	1.2	1.1	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,700	860	835	1.6	1.6	1.6
Kannada	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	450	240	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	960	465	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Telugu	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,060	9,920	9,140	17.8	18.6	17.0
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	805	390	415	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	805	390	415	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	460	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	14,675	7,840	6,835	13.7	14.7	12.7
Indo-Aryan languages	14,420	7,715	6,700	13.5	14.4	12.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	1,455	770	680	1.4	1.4	1.3
Hindi	1,570	810	760	1.5	1.5	1.4
Kacchi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,265	4,605	3,665	7.7	8.6	6.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	2,220	1,075	1,145	2.1	2.0	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dari	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,500	1,650	1,845	3.3	3.1	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	265	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	1,640	780	860	1.5	1.5	1.6
Romanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,555	735	815	1.5	1.4	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	305	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	630	300	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	610	285	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	285	125	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,455	4,240	4,215	7.9	7.9	7.8
English and French	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	8,020	4,035	3,980	7.5	7.6	7.4
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	107,130	53,405	53,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	80,920	40,170	40,750	75.5	75.2	75.8
English	9,380	4,800	4,585	8.8	9.0	8.5
French	660	305	360	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	11,405	5,610	5,795	10.6	10.5	10.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,400	5,610	5,790	10.6	10.5	10.8
English and French	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,665	1,440	1,230	2.5	2.7	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	305	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,680	895	785	1.6	1.7	1.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	106,745	53,115	53,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	103,465	51,860	51,605	96.9	97.6	96.2
English	103,385	51,815	51,570	96.9	97.6	96.2
French	4,770	2,055	2,720	4.5	3.9	5.1
Non-official languages	51,375	25,895	25,475	48.1	48.8	47.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	51,350	25,885	25,465	48.1	48.7	47.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,710	825	885	1.6	1.6	1.7
Berber languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hausa	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,540	755	785	1.4	1.4	1.5
Amharic	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	1,280	630	655	1.2	1.2	1.2
Aramaic languages	275	130	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,225	600	625	1.1	1.1	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,215	595	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,500	1,535	1,965	3.3	2.9	3.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,330	1,470	1,855	3.1	2.8	3.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	615	290	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian Creole	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	205	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	3,415	1,745	1,670	3.2	3.3	3.1
Kannada	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Malayalam	960	510	450	0.9	1.0	0.8
Tamil	1,970	975	995	1.8	1.8	1.9
Telugu	580	320	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	38,685	20,020	18,665	36.2	37.7	34.8
Albanian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,265	1,090	1,180	2.1	2.1	2.2
Baltic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,215	1,065	1,145	2.1	2.0	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,060	530	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	410	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	285	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	150	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	750	390	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Frisian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	445	260	185	0.4	0.5	0.3
German	415	245	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	225	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	26,050	13,890	12,165	24.4	26.2	22.7
Indo-Aryan languages	25,550	13,650	11,900	23.9	25.7	22.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	835	415	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Gujarati	2,795	1,515	1,290	2.6	2.9	2.4
Hindi	12,295	6,455	5,835	11.5	12.2	10.9
Kacchi	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Marathi	460	260	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nepali	465	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oriya languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,240	7,880	6,365	13.3	14.8	11.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	475	230	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Urdu	4,690	2,325	2,365	4.4	4.4	4.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	580	280	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	470	225	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Dari	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,570	4,685	4,890	9.0	8.8	9.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,505	740	765	1.4	1.4	1.4
Portuguese	4,095	1,930	2,165	3.8	3.6	4.0
Romanian	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	4,120	2,050	2,065	3.9	3.9	3.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	155	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,115	950	1,165	2.0	1.8	2.2
Akan (Twi)	780	370	410	0.7	0.7	0.8
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Éwé	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	250	95	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	270	120	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	505	220	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	215	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,100	510	595	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese languages	1,055	490	565	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	590	265	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	560	260	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	140	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	230	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	205	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	155	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,740	53,110	53,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,095	515	580	1.0	1.0	1.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,020	470	545	1.0	0.9	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	635	295	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Métis	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	105,650	52,605	53,045	99.0	99.0	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,740	53,110	53,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	280	155	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,465	52,955	53,510	99.7	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,560	...	...	64.4	...	...
Renter	13,020	...	...	35.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,640	...	...	12.7	...	...
Not condominium	31,945	...	...	87.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	275	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	4,970	...	...	13.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,445	...	...	17.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,900	...	...	38.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,995	...	...	30.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,350	...	...	31.0	...	...
5 rooms	5,730	...	...	15.7	...	...
6 rooms	6,120	...	...	16.7	...	...
7 rooms	4,635	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,745	...	...	23.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,400	...	...	94.0	...	...
More than one person per room	2,185	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,965	...	...	87.4	...	...
Not suitable	4,620	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,705	...	...	12.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,130	...	...	38.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,190	...	...	16.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,205	...	...	14.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,145	...	...	8.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,940	...	...	5.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	810	...	...	2.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	460	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,565	...	...	94.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,020	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	17,075	...	...	46.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,375	...	...	42.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,135	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	680	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,460	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,030	...	...	19.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,415	...	...	20.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,035	...	...	22.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,195	...	...	14.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,670	...	...	7.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,100	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,715	...	...	70.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,720	...	...	29.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,860	...	...	27.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,540	...	...	42.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,225	...	...	25.2	...	...
Not suitable only	3,440	...	...	9.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,110	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	855	...	...	2.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	585	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	275	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	21,045	...	...	57.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,075	...	...	17.1	...	...
Not in core need	29,505	...	...	82.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,565	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.3	...	...	69.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.8	...	...	25.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	1,900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,898	...	...	1,898	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	796,000	...	...	796,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,020	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.0	...	...	36.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	30.3	...	...	30.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,428	...	...	1,428	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	106,745	53,115	53,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	325	130	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	310	130	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	195	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis single ancestry	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,210	585	625	1.1	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,165	550	620	1.1	1.0	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	905	445	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	220	85	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,210	52,400	52,810	98.6	98.7	98.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	106,740	53,110	53,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	86,115	42,025	44,085	80.7	79.1	82.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,020	9,670	9,350	17.8	18.2	17.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	67,095	32,360	34,730	62.9	60.9	64.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	20,625	11,085	9,540	19.3	20.9	17.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	106,740	53,110	53,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	51,390	25,785	25,605	48.1	48.6	47.7
Immigrants⁸¹	49,025	23,460	25,555	45.9	44.2	47.7
Before 1980	8,505	3,890	4,615	8.0	7.3	8.6
1980 to 1990	5,675	2,685	2,990	5.3	5.1	5.6
1991 to 2000	9,075	4,105	4,970	8.5	7.7	9.3
2001 to 2010	11,035	5,325	5,710	10.3	10.0	10.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	14,730	7,455	7,275	13.8	14.0	13.6
2011 to 2015	6,455	3,280	3,170	6.0	6.2	5.9
2016 to 2021	8,275	4,175	4,100	7.8	7.9	7.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,325	3,865	2,460	5.9	7.3	4.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	49,025	23,460	25,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,785	1,925	1,855	7.7	8.2	7.3
5 to 14 years	8,295	3,945	4,340	16.9	16.8	17.0
15 to 24 years	10,105	4,545	5,565	20.6	19.4	21.8
25 to 44 years	22,185	11,025	11,160	45.3	47.0	43.7
45 years and over	4,650	2,020	2,630	9.5	8.6	10.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	49,025	23,460	25,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	12,595	5,615	6,980	25.7	23.9	27.3
Brazil	115	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	310	140	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
El Salvador	470	265	215	1.0	1.1	0.8
Guyana	2,080	905	1,170	4.2	3.9	4.6
Haiti	125	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaica	5,060	2,185	2,875	10.3	9.3	11.2
Mexico	155	65	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Peru	130	55	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	1,425	595	830	2.9	2.5	3.2
United States of America	595	285	300	1.2	1.2	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	2,130	985	1,140	4.3	4.2	4.5
Europe	7,860	3,720	4,145	16.0	15.9	16.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	175	80	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	265	150	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
Greece	115	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italy	760	430	335	1.6	1.8	1.3
Netherlands	90	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	760	360	395	1.6	1.5	1.5
Portugal	2,750	1,260	1,490	5.6	5.4	5.8
Romania	180	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	125	45	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	140	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,610	705	905	3.3	3.0	3.5
Other places of birth in Europe	640	290	350	1.3	1.2	1.4
Africa	2,915	1,315	1,600	5.9	5.6	6.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Egypt	135	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	880	410	470	1.8	1.7	1.8
Somalia	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	1,565	690	880	3.2	2.9	3.4
Asia	25,470	12,715	12,755	52.0	54.2	49.9
Afghanistan	255	130	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iraq	505	265	245	1.0	1.1	1.0
Lebanon	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	160	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkey	120	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	405	160	245	0.8	0.7	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	85	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	120	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Taiwan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	3,560	1,585	1,980	7.3	6.8	7.7
Viet Nam	995	480	515	2.0	2.0	2.0
Bangladesh	395	200	195	0.8	0.9	0.8
India	13,440	7,020	6,425	27.4	29.9	25.1
Pakistan	2,945	1,420	1,525	6.0	6.1	6.0
Sri Lanka	1,005	490	515	2.0	2.1	2.0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,280	600	675	2.6	2.6	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	180	100	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,275	4,175	4,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,090	495	595	13.2	11.9	14.5
Brazil	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Colombia	50	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.6
Haiti	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jamaica	570	300	270	6.9	7.2	6.6
Mexico	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
United States of America	120	35	80	1.5	0.8	2.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	305	125	175	3.7	3.0	4.3
Europe	260	140	115	3.1	3.4	2.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.4
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	50	30	25	0.6	0.7	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	155	85	65	1.9	2.0	1.6
Africa	530	275	250	6.4	6.6	6.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	305	160	145	3.7	3.8	3.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	165	80	85	2.0	1.9	2.1
Asia	6,380	3,245	3,125	77.1	77.7	76.2
Afghanistan	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Bangladesh	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	50	10	40	0.6	0.2	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,640	2,535	2,105	56.1	60.7	51.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	100	40	55	1.2	1.0	1.3
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	65	25	45	0.8	0.6	1.1
Pakistan	535	195	340	6.5	4.7	8.3
Philippines	510	230	280	6.2	5.5	6.8
Saudi Arabia	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lanka	70	30	40	0.8	0.7	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	115	55	60	1.4	1.3	1.5
Turkey	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
United Arab Emirates	25	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Viet Nam	50	20	30	0.6	0.5	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	95	35	55	1.1	0.8	1.3
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	106,740	53,115	53,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	55,975	27,645	28,335	52.4	52.0	52.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,880	14,520	14,355	27.1	27.3	26.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	21,885	10,950	10,935	20.5	20.6	20.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	40,520	19,570	20,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	19,035	9,935	9,105	47.0	50.8	43.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	8,540	5,565	2,975	21.1	28.4	14.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10,500	4,370	6,130	25.9	22.3	29.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	16,330	6,935	9,395	40.3	35.4	44.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,615	2,430	2,185	11.4	12.4	10.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	535	270	265	1.3	1.4	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	40,520	19,570	20,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,565	1,440	1,120	6.3	7.4	5.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,610	1,705	1,905	8.9	8.7	9.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	425	195	230	1.0	1.0	1.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,235	1,300	940	5.5	6.6	4.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	295	110	185	0.7	0.6	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	31,385	14,825	16,565	77.5	75.8	79.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	106,745	53,115	53,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	68,180	34,080	34,100	63.9	64.2	63.6
South Asian	32,085	16,965	15,115	30.1	31.9	28.2
Chinese	1,050	480	570	1.0	0.9	1.1
Black	17,765	8,430	9,330	16.6	15.9	17.4
Filipino	4,900	2,245	2,650	4.6	4.2	4.9
Arab	985	475	510	0.9	0.9	1.0
Latin American	3,610	1,800	1,810	3.4	3.4	3.4
Southeast Asian	1,715	850	855	1.6	1.6	1.6
West Asian	790	390	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Korean	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,115	1,395	1,720	2.9	2.6	3.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,910	920	995	1.8	1.7	1.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	38,560	19,035	19,530	36.1	35.8	36.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	106,745	53,110	53,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,970	5,020	4,955	9.3	9.5	9.2
English	9,185	4,545	4,645	8.6	8.6	8.7
Irish	7,195	3,395	3,800	6.7	6.4	7.1
Scottish	7,100	3,405	3,700	6.7	6.4	6.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,425	1,180	1,245	2.3	2.2	2.3
German	3,165	1,595	1,565	3.0	3.0	2.9
Chinese	1,745	785	965	1.6	1.5	1.8
Italian	4,265	2,150	2,110	4.0	4.0	3.9
Indian (India)	18,680	10,035	8,650	17.5	18.9	16.1
Ukrainian	975	485	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dutch	1,450	765	685	1.4	1.4	1.3
Polish	2,165	1,115	1,055	2.0	2.1	2.0
Québécois	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,230	1,125	1,100	2.1	2.1	2.1
Filipino	4,695	2,160	2,540	4.4	4.1	4.7
French Canadian	430	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	960	440	515	0.9	0.8	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	390	195	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis	355	140	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,180	570	610	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	490	235	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Norwegian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	665	380	285	0.6	0.7	0.5
Portuguese	6,170	2,980	3,185	5.8	5.6	5.9
American	605	295	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	1,850	895	950	1.7	1.7	1.8
Swedish	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	415	220	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Acadian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	3,270	1,600	1,670	3.1	3.0	3.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	3,305	1,575	1,735	3.1	3.0	3.2
Jewish	195	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	3,700	2,085	1,615	3.5	3.9	3.0
Vietnamese	1,275	630	645	1.2	1.2	1.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	460	260	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Greek	520	250	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	6,790	3,250	3,540	6.4	6.1	6.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,020	525	490	1.0	1.0	0.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	185	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	320	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	145	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	665	355	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
Danish	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	2,465	1,365	1,100	2.3	2.6	2.1
Austrian	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	2,490	1,280	1,210	2.3	2.4	2.3
Mexican	245	135	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	950	455	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Croatian	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	235	75	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,390	640	750	1.3	1.2	1.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	655	355	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Egyptian	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	580	270	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Tamil	685	325	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
Icelandic	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	275	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	2,180	945	1,235	2.0	1.8	2.3
Afghan	320	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,665	790	870	1.6	1.5	1.6
Serbian	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	355	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ontarian	335	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,265	560	705	1.2	1.1	1.3
Turkish	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	405	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algerian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	605	280	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Armenian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	175	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	385	210	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
African Caribbean	1,470	590	875	1.4	1.1	1.6
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	410	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	265	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,090	505	590	1.0	1.0	1.1
Algonquin	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,355	590	765	1.3	1.1	1.4
Lithuanian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	190	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Congolese	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	455	225	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peruvian	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	460	245	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	475	230	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Macedonian	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovenian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	395	215	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Eritrean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	425	210	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Israeli	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	630	290	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Barbadian	380	205	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
African American	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	115	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	180	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	170	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	270	110	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	200	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	255	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Igbo	305	110	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Byelorussian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jordanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	255	140	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Malayali	245	135	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chaldean	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mayan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	230	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	170	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	145	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ugandan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	145	30	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Igorot	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Singaporean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	106,745	53,110	53,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,315	630	685	1.2	1.2	1.3
Christian	54,860	25,550	29,310	51.4	48.1	54.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,230	5,715	6,515	11.5	10.8	12.1
Anabaptist	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,815	1,245	1,575	2.6	2.3	2.9
Baptist	1,345	595	755	1.3	1.1	1.4
Catholic	26,430	12,720	13,715	24.8	24.0	25.6
Christian Orthodox	1,080	540	540	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	520	245	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,490	1,525	1,975	3.3	2.9	3.7
Presbyterian	925	415	505	0.9	0.8	0.9
Reformed	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,340	960	1,385	2.2	1.8	2.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,760	1,155	1,605	2.6	2.2	3.0
Hindu	12,385	6,395	5,995	11.6	12.0	11.2
Jewish	145	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Muslim	7,810	3,885	3,930	7.3	7.3	7.3
Sikh	11,110	6,275	4,835	10.4	11.8	9.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	450	195	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	18,655	10,135	8,525	17.5	19.1	15.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	105,585	52,590	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,255	45,730	47,520	88.3	87.0	89.7
Movers	12,330	6,855	5,475	11.7	13.0	10.3
Non-migrants	8,185	4,410	3,780	7.8	8.4	7.1
Migrants	4,145	2,450	1,700	3.9	4.7	3.2
Internal migrants	2,765	1,630	1,130	2.6	3.1	2.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,505	1,435	1,070	2.4	2.7	2.0
Interprovincial migrants	265	195	65	0.3	0.4	0.1
External migrants	1,380	815	565	1.3	1.5	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	100,975	50,335	50,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	61,985	30,270	31,710	61.4	60.1	62.6
Movers	38,995	20,070	18,925	38.6	39.9	37.4
Non-migrants	16,855	8,375	8,480	16.7	16.6	16.7
Migrants	22,135	11,690	10,450	21.9	23.2	20.6
Internal migrants	11,460	5,795	5,665	11.3	11.5	11.2
Intraprovincial migrants	10,295	5,140	5,155	10.2	10.2	10.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,160	655	505	1.1	1.3	1.0
External migrants	10,675	5,895	4,785	10.6	11.7	9.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,145	44,195	44,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,310	8,190	8,120	18.3	18.5	18.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,835	36,000	36,835	81.7	81.5	81.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,265	29,015	30,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,255	3,905	3,350	12.2	13.5	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,010	25,115	26,895	87.8	86.6	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,145	44,195	44,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,140	7,525	7,615	17.0	17.0	16.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,035	14,105	12,935	30.3	31.9	28.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,965	22,565	24,405	52.7	51.1	54.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,440	12,160	12,275	27.4	27.5	27.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,220	2,905	1,315	4.7	6.6	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,320	1,440	885	2.6	3.3	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,900	1,465	430	2.1	3.3	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,420	7,880	9,540	19.5	17.8	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,800	1,375	1,425	3.1	3.1	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,525	10,400	12,130	25.3	23.5	27.0
Bachelor's degree	15,015	6,815	8,200	16.8	15.4	18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,540	755	790	1.7	1.7	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	200	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	5,215	2,465	2,750	5.9	5.6	6.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	325	165	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,265	29,015	30,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,565	3,530	3,040	11.1	12.2	10.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,025	8,545	7,475	27.0	29.5	24.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,675	16,940	19,730	61.9	58.4	65.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,835	8,465	9,370	30.1	29.2	31.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,940	1,980	955	5.0	6.8	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,660	1,015	640	2.8	3.5	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,280	965	320	2.2	3.3	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,890	5,525	7,365	21.7	19.0	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,005	955	1,055	3.4	3.3	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,835	8,475	10,360	31.8	29.2	34.2
Bachelor's degree	12,190	5,445	6,745	20.6	18.8	22.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,250	575	675	2.1	2.0	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	135	200	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	4,785	2,195	2,590	8.1	7.6	8.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	125	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,145	44,190	44,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,180	21,635	20,550	47.3	49.0	45.7
Education	2,150	430	1,725	2.4	1.0	3.8
13. Education	2,150	430	1,725	2.4	1.0	3.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,370	655	720	1.5	1.5	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	145	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,200	505	695	1.3	1.1	1.5
Humanities	2,750	915	1,830	3.1	2.1	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	230	60	170	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	490	110	380	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,475	500	975	1.7	1.1	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	225	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,310	1,525	3,785	6.0	3.5	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	500	235	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,180	130	1,055	1.3	0.3	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,090	325	765	1.2	0.7	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	665	110	555	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,705	690	1,010	1.9	1.6	2.2
Business, management and public administration	12,000	5,370	6,635	13.5	12.2	14.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	845	140	700	0.9	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,135	5,215	5,920	12.5	11.8	13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,990	880	1,105	2.2	2.0	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	745	240	505	0.8	0.5	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	560	260	305	0.6	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	530	315	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,465	2,165	1,295	3.9	4.9	2.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,065	1,985	1,075	3.4	4.5	2.4
25. Library science	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	290	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,100	8,035	1,065	10.2	18.2	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	390	240	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	3,080	2,500	585	3.5	5.7	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,185	1,920	265	2.5	4.3	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,200	1,175	25	1.3	2.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,450	1,415	35	1.6	3.2	0.1
48. Precision production	800	790	10	0.9	1.8	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	575	345	235	0.6	0.8	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	245	165	0.5	0.6	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	5,690	1,080	4,605	6.4	2.4	10.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320	180	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,325	880	4,450	6.0	2.0	9.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,555	1,155	1,400	2.9	2.6	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,335	365	975	1.5	0.8	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	810	460	345	0.9	1.0	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	400	325	80	0.4	0.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,265	29,015	30,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,590	12,070	10,515	38.1	41.6	34.8
Education	1,555	300	1,260	2.6	1.0	4.2
13. Education	1,555	300	1,260	2.6	1.0	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,030	460	565	1.7	1.6	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	90	15	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	920	375	550	1.6	1.3	1.8
Humanities	2,170	705	1,460	3.7	2.4	4.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	35	145	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	380	70	310	0.6	0.2	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,150	385	765	1.9	1.3	2.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,295	1,110	3,185	7.2	3.8	10.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	380	150	230	0.6	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	920	70	855	1.6	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	930	235	690	1.6	0.8	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	550	95	460	0.9	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,370	540	830	2.3	1.9	2.7
Business, management and public administration	9,580	4,095	5,480	16.2	14.1	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	675	110	570	1.1	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,880	3,975	4,905	15.0	13.7	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,525	665	860	2.6	2.3	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	585	180	395	1.0	0.6	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	425	195	240	0.7	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	415	260	155	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,825	1,720	1,105	4.8	5.9	3.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,500	1,575	925	4.2	5.4	3.1
25. Library science	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	120	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,845	5,955	890	11.5	20.5	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	295	170	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	2,610	2,110	495	4.4	7.3	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,580	1,375	205	2.7	4.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	855	830	25	1.4	2.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,035	1,005	30	1.7	3.5	0.1
48. Precision production	465	460	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	430	240	190	0.7	0.8	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	305	175	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	4,470	835	3,635	7.5	2.9	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245	140	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,215	695	3,515	7.1	2.4	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,945	840	1,105	3.3	2.9	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,040	270	775	1.8	0.9	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	605	325	280	1.0	1.1	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	295	245	55	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,265	29,015	30,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,590	12,070	10,515	38.1	41.6	34.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,675	16,940	19,735	61.9	58.4	65.2
Location of study inside Canada	22,045	9,750	12,295	37.2	33.6	40.6
Same as province or territory of residence	20,925	9,195	11,730	35.3	31.7	38.8
Different than province or territory of residence	1,125	560	565	1.9	1.9	1.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	14,625	7,190	7,435	24.7	24.8	24.6
Americas	1,950	930	1,015	3.3	3.2	3.4
United States of America	675	350	325	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mexico	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	385	175	210	0.6	0.6	0.7
Brazil	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Peru	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	570	265	310	1.0	0.9	1.0
Europe	1,115	635	485	1.9	2.2	1.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	160	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romania	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	80	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	440	270	170	0.7	0.9	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	160	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	635	330	305	1.1	1.1	1.0
Nigeria	325	170	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
Algeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	10,800	5,225	5,575	18.2	18.0	18.4
Iran⁸⁸	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	90	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,465	615	850	2.5	2.1	2.8
Viet Nam	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sri Lanka	170	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	7,305	3,615	3,685	12.3	12.5	12.2
Pakistan	985	485	505	1.7	1.7	1.7
Other locations of study in Asia	300	130	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
Oceania	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,145	44,190	44,950	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,205	31,000	27,205	...	...	...
Employed	50,235	27,350	22,890	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,970	3,650	4,315	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,945	13,195	17,750	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.3	70.2	60.5	65.3	70.2	60.5
Employment rate	56.4	61.9	50.9	56.4	61.9	50.9
Unemployment rate	13.7	11.8	15.9	13.7	11.8	15.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,145	44,190	44,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,815	14,795	19,025	37.9	33.5	42.3
Worked	55,325	29,400	25,930	62.1	66.5	57.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,135	16,530	12,605	32.7	37.4	28.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,190	12,870	13,325	29.4	29.1	29.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.1	41.2	38.8	40.1	41.2	38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,200	31,000	27,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,210	970	1,245	3.8	3.1	4.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,995	30,035	25,960	96.2	96.9	95.4
Employee	49,245	25,245	24,000	84.6	81.4	88.2
Permanent position	41,735	21,585	20,145	71.7	69.6	74.0
Temporary position	7,510	3,655	3,855	12.9	11.8	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,460	1,140	1,320	4.2	3.7	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,050	2,520	2,535	8.7	8.1	9.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,745	4,795	1,955	11.6	15.5	7.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,200	31,000	27,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,210	970	1,245	3.8	3.1	4.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,995	30,035	25,960	96.2	96.9	95.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	315	220	100	0.5	0.7	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,815	3,835	6,980	18.6	12.4	25.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,745	3,600	1,150	8.2	11.6	4.2
3 Health occupations	2,920	390	2,530	5.0	1.3	9.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,440	1,200	3,240	7.6	3.9	11.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,025	480	540	1.8	1.5	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	13,515	5,630	7,885	23.2	18.2	29.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,220	11,455	1,755	22.7	37.0	6.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	445	350	95	0.8	1.1	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,550	2,870	1,680	7.8	9.3	6.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,200	31,000	27,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,210	970	1,245	3.8	3.1	4.6
All industries¹⁹¹	55,995	30,035	25,960	96.2	96.9	95.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	170	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
22 Utilities	140	95	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
23 Construction	4,085	3,510	580	7.0	11.3	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	7,180	4,785	2,395	12.3	15.4	8.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,895	1,845	1,050	5.0	6.0	3.9
44-45 Retail trade	6,775	3,140	3,635	11.6	10.1	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,565	5,365	2,200	13.0	17.3	8.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,040	650	390	1.8	2.1	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,505	970	1,540	4.3	3.1	5.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,190	640	550	2.0	2.1	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,190	2,310	1,880	7.2	7.5	6.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	245	115	125	0.4	0.4	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,190	1,695	1,500	5.5	5.5	5.5
61 Educational services	2,805	745	2,055	4.8	2.4	7.6
62 Health care and social assistance	5,085	745	4,335	8.7	2.4	15.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	750	370	375	1.3	1.2	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,560	1,030	1,530	4.4	3.3	5.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,915	1,140	775	3.3	3.7	2.8
91 Public administration	1,680	775	905	2.9	2.5	3.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,195	32,515	28,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,595	30,025	26,570	92.5	92.3	92.6
French	140	50	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	495	315	175	0.8	1.0	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	495	315	175	0.8	1.0	0.6
English and French	655	220	435	1.1	0.7	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	3,250	1,880	1,360	5.3	5.8	4.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,195	32,515	28,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,330	32,045	28,290	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	59,390	31,480	27,915	97.1	96.8	97.3
English	59,180	31,400	27,780	96.7	96.6	96.8
French	210	80	135	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	935	565	375	1.5	1.7	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	935	565	375	1.5	1.7	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	830	495	330	1.4	1.5	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	545	300	235	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	545	300	235	0.9	0.9	0.8
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	425	255	165	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	250	175	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	130	95	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	865	470	395	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	185	65	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	675	405	270	1.1	1.2	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,195	32,515	28,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,960	30,780	27,180	94.7	94.7	94.8
English	415	230	185	0.7	0.7	0.6
French	400	130	270	0.7	0.4	0.9
Non-official language	1,795	1,055	745	2.9	3.2	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,795	1,055	745	2.9	3.2	2.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	520	265	255	0.8	0.8	0.9
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,235	27,350	22,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,415	4,560	5,850	20.7	16.7	25.6
Worked outside Canada	140	105	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	7,500	5,740	1,760	14.9	21.0	7.7
Usual place of work	32,175	16,940	15,240	64.0	61.9	66.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,180	16,935	15,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,405	6,795	7,610	44.8	40.1	49.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,725	5,445	4,270	30.2	32.2	28.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,985	4,660	3,315	24.8	27.5	21.8
Commute to a different province or territory	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,680	22,675	17,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,055	19,730	13,325	83.3	87.0	78.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	29,155	18,385	10,770	73.5	81.1	63.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,895	1,340	2,555	9.8	5.9	15.0
Public transit	4,710	2,085	2,620	11.9	9.2	15.4
Walked	775	325	450	2.0	1.4	2.6
Bicycle	115	85	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
Other method	1,025	455	575	2.6	2.0	3.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,680	22,675	17,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,990	3,390	3,605	17.6	15.0	21.2
15 to 29 minutes	15,130	8,575	6,555	38.1	37.8	38.6
30 to 44 minutes	9,960	6,175	3,780	25.1	27.2	22.2
45 to 59 minutes	3,590	2,140	1,450	9.0	9.4	8.5
60 minutes and over	4,015	2,405	1,610	10.1	10.6	9.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,680	22,675	17,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,890	2,705	1,190	9.8	11.9	7.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,165	4,555	2,610	18.1	20.1	15.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,975	4,340	3,635	20.1	19.1	21.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,440	3,085	3,355	16.2	13.6	19.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,360	2,605	2,755	13.5	11.5	16.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,845	5,385	3,460	22.3	23.7	20.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,535	11,020	10,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,785	915	870	8.3	8.3	8.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,745	10,105	9,650	91.7	91.7	91.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,330	7,915	7,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,405	720	685	9.2	9.1	9.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	970	495	475	6.3	6.3	6.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	435	230	210	2.8	2.9	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,925	7,200	6,730	90.8	91.0	90.8

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table