Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brampton North--CaledonMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	106,760	53,155	53,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,945	10,290	9,655	18.7	19.4	18.0
0 to 4 years	5,940	3,075	2,865	5.6	5.8	5.3
5 to 9 years	6,795	3,505	3,295	6.4	6.6	6.1
10 to 14 years	7,205	3,710	3,495	6.7	7.0	6.5
15 to 64 years	72,895	36,380	36,520	68.3	68.4	68.1
15 to 19 years	7,155	3,655	3,505	6.7	6.9	6.5
20 to 24 years	8,535	4,685	3,850	8.0	8.8	7.2
25 to 29 years	7,895	4,100	3,795	7.4	7.7	7.1
30 to 34 years	7,525	3,710	3,815	7.0	7.0	7.1
35 to 39 years	7,980	3,770	4,205	7.5	7.1	7.8
40 to 44 years	7,650	3,675	3,975	7.2	6.9	7.4
45 to 49 years	7,150	3,460	3,690	6.7	6.5	6.9
50 to 54 years	6,770	3,265	3,500	6.3	6.1	6.5
55 to 59 years	6,635	3,325	3,305	6.2	6.3	6.2
60 to 64 years	5,600	2,735	2,865	5.2	5.1	5.3
65 years and over	13,925	6,490	7,440	13.0	12.2	13.9
65 to 69 years	4,755	2,285	2,470	4.5	4.3	4.6
70 to 74 years	3,910	1,835	2,075	3.7	3.5	3.9
75 to 79 years	2,515	1,225	1,290	2.4	2.3	2.4
80 to 84 years	1,530	675	855	1.4	1.3	1.6
85 years and over	1,210	460	750	1.1	0.9	1.4
85 to 89 years	765	325	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
90 to 94 years	340	105	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	95	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.7	19.4	18.0	18.7	19.4	18.0
15 to 64 years	68.3	68.4	68.1	68.3	68.4	68.1
65 years and over	13.0	12.2	13.9	13.0	12.2	13.9
85 years and over	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Average age of the population	37.6	36.8	38.4	37.6	36.8	38.4
Median age of the population	36.4	35.2	37.6	36.4	35.2	37.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	29,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,515	...	...	60.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,745	...	...	12.9	...	...
Row house	4,910	...	...	16.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,950	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	770	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	125	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	29,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,790	...	...	9.6	...	...
2 persons	5,865	...	...	20.2	...	...
3 persons	5,265	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	7,335	...	...	25.3	...	...
5 or more persons	7,775	...	...	26.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	105,870	52,805	53,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	86,820	42,865	43,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	52,510	26,190	26,320	60.5	61.1	59.9
Married	49,575	24,725	24,850	57.1	57.7	56.5
Living common-law	2,930	1,465	1,470	3.4	3.4	3.3
Living common law - Never married	1,905	935	970	2.2	2.2	2.2
Living common law - Separated	200	115	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	765	395	370	0.9	0.9	0.8
Living common law - Widowed	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	34,315	16,680	17,635	39.5	38.9	40.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,285	14,400	11,890	30.3	33.6	27.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,655	615	1,040	1.9	1.4	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,790	965	1,825	3.2	2.3	4.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,585	705	2,880	4.1	1.6	6.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,200	...	...	34.8	...	...
3 persons	6,910	...	...	23.6	...	...
4 persons	8,820	...	...	30.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,360	...	...	11.5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,140	...	...	85.8	...	...
Married couples	23,680	...	...	80.9	...	...
With children⁶	16,345	...	...	55.8	...	...
Without children	7,335	...	...	25.0	...	...
Common-law couples	1,465	...	...	5.0	...	...
With children⁶	820	...	...	2.8	...	...
Without children	640	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,145	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,335	...	...	11.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	815	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	105,870	52,805	53,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	94,140	46,925	47,215	88.9	88.9	89.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,280	25,130	25,150	47.5	47.6	47.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,150	815	3,335	3.9	1.5	6.3
Children⁶	39,715	20,980	18,735	37.5	39.7	35.3
In a two-parent family	32,805	17,335	15,470	31.0	32.8	29.2
In a one-parent family	6,905	3,640	3,265	6.5	6.9	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,730	5,885	5,845	11.1	11.1	11.0
Living alone	2,790	1,225	1,560	2.6	2.3	2.9
Living with other relatives⁷	5,035	2,080	2,955	4.8	3.9	5.6
Living with non-relatives only	3,900	2,575	1,330	3.7	4.9	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	29,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,140	...	...	62.5	...	...
Couple-family households	15,905	...	...	54.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,550	...	...	39.8	...	...
Without children	4,350	...	...	15.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,240	...	...	7.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	4,415	...	...	15.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	835	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,930	...	...	6.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	930	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	2,785	...	...	9.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	85,935	42,515	43,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,125	40,110	41,020	94.4	94.3	94.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,800	35,200	37,600	40,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,170	40,140	41,030	94.5	94.4	94.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	36,800	32,800	34,800	36,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,960	36,230	34,730	82.6	85.2	80.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	28,000	33,200	38,000	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,960	32,300	29,660	72.1	76.0	68.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	31,200	34,800	38,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,340	36,405	37,930	86.5	85.6	87.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	5,200	9,700	7,300	5,200	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,235	3,040	5,195	9.6	7.2	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,230	15,050	15,180	35.2	35.4	35.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	86,000	42,700	43,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,160	40,240	40,920	94.4	94.2	94.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,160	53,700	42,760	48,160	53,700	42,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,210	40,265	40,945	94.4	94.3	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,000	44,760	37,320	41,000	44,760	37,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,060	36,490	34,570	82.6	85.5	79.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,600	51,040	37,840	44,600	51,040	37,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,920	32,465	29,460	72.0	76.0	68.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360	50,960	39,240	45,360	50,960	39,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,700	36,655	38,040	86.9	85.8	87.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,900	8,120	11,600	9,900	8,120	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,095	2,970	5,120	9.4	7.0	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,690	5,605	7,310	6,690	5,605	7,310
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,045	14,980	15,060	34.9	35.1	34.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,010	8,850	9,170	9,010	8,850	9,170
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	86,000	42,700	43,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,590	16,240	12,350	33.2	38.0	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	64,500	56,000	60,000	64,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,800	74,900	63,100	69,800	74,900	63,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,590	11,515	12,075	27.4	27.0	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	20,400	16,200	18,200	20,400	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,680	29,520	24,020	26,680	29,520	24,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	86.2	74.8	81.0	86.2	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8	76.6	66.0	71.8	76.6	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.9	13.8	25.2	18.9	13.8	25.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.8	2.1	1.4	0.8	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.7	6.6	9.1	7.7	6.6	9.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.9	6.1	7.9	6.9	6.1	7.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	85,935	42,515	43,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,810	2,410	2,395	5.6	5.7	5.5
With total income	81,125	40,110	41,020	94.4	94.3	94.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,485	3,655	4,830	10.5	9.1	11.8
$10,000 to $19,999	10,940	5,075	5,870	13.5	12.6	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,810	5,985	6,825	15.8	14.9	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	10,515	4,995	5,520	13.0	12.5	13.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,725	4,080	4,645	10.8	10.2	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,050	3,295	3,755	8.7	8.2	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,525	2,750	2,775	6.8	6.8	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,155	2,265	1,890	5.1	5.6	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,310	1,950	1,365	4.1	4.8	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,450	1,490	965	3.0	3.7	2.3
$100,000 and over	7,165	4,575	2,590	8.8	11.4	6.3
$100,000 to $149,999	5,435	3,335	2,100	6.7	8.3	5.1
$150,000 and over	1,730	1,240	495	2.1	3.1	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	85,935	42,515	43,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,765	2,380	2,380	5.5	5.6	5.5
With after-tax income	81,170	40,140	41,030	94.5	94.4	94.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,670	3,740	4,935	10.7	9.3	12.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,400	5,300	6,100	14.0	13.2	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	14,475	6,825	7,650	17.8	17.0	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	12,185	5,850	6,340	15.0	14.6	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,045	4,730	5,315	12.4	11.8	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,600	3,820	3,790	9.4	9.5	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,420	2,930	2,490	6.7	7.3	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,765	2,215	1,545	4.6	5.5	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,875	1,610	1,265	3.5	4.0	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,760	1,080	675	2.2	2.7	1.6
$100,000 and over	2,970	2,035	940	3.7	5.1	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,770	1,165	605	2.2	2.9	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,195	865	335	1.5	2.2	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	85,935	42,515	43,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,970	10,215	13,755	27.9	24.0	31.7
With employment income	61,960	32,300	29,660	72.1	76.0	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,955	3,785	4,170	12.8	11.7	14.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,715	2,470	3,250	9.2	7.6	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,935	3,755	4,180	12.8	11.6	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,495	3,655	2,845	10.5	11.3	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,910	2,915	3,000	9.5	9.0	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,405	2,580	2,825	8.7	8.0	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,835	2,375	2,460	7.8	7.4	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,020	2,160	1,860	6.5	6.7	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,110	1,820	1,290	5.0	5.6	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,645	1,625	1,020	4.3	5.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,070	1,295	780	3.3	4.0	2.6
$100,000 and over	5,860	3,870	1,990	9.5	12.0	6.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,260	2,000	1,260	5.3	6.2	4.2
$125,000 and over	2,600	1,870	730	4.2	5.8	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	85,935	42,515	43,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,480	38,725	39,750	91.3	91.1	91.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	32,000	35,600	39,600	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,490	38,730	39,765	91.3	91.1	91.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,000	30,200	32,800	36,000	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,525	35,430	34,095	80.9	83.3	78.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	30,800	35,200	40,400	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,665	32,045	29,615	71.8	75.4	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,000	32,800	36,000	40,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,300	33,935	35,365	80.6	79.8	81.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,410	820	4,080	1,410	820	4,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,310	1,710	3,595	6.2	4.0	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,000	6,240	5,840	5,000	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	86,000	42,700	43,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,535	38,825	39,705	91.3	90.9	91.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,760	51,650	40,000	45,760	51,650	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,555	38,825	39,725	91.3	90.9	91.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,760	42,800	34,800	38,760	42,800	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,585	35,545	34,040	80.9	83.2	78.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,840	52,600	38,800	45,840	52,600	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,415	32,075	29,340	71.4	75.1	67.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,840	51,500	39,680	45,840	51,500	39,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,295	33,900	35,400	80.6	79.4	81.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,835	4,032	7,560	5,835	4,032	7,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,180	1,605	3,580	6.0	3.8	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,760	6,420	8,360	7,760	6,420	8,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	86,000	42,700	43,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,260	16,050	12,215	32.9	37.6	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	61,600	51,600	56,400	61,600	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,600	71,500	57,850	65,600	71,500	57,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,040	10,760	11,280	25.6	25.2	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	25,600	22,400	24,200	25,600	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,280	35,120	29,640	32,280	35,120	29,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.8	93.2	83.2	88.8	93.2	83.2
Employment income (%)	78.4	82.4	73.2	78.4	82.4	73.2
Government transfers (%)	11.3	6.8	16.8	11.3	6.8	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.5	1.9	1.1	0.5	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	29,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	52,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	29,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	114,700	...	...	114,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...	69,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,150	...	...	56,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	141,600	...	...	141,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	29,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	140	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	150	...	...	0.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	310	...	...	1.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	360	...	...	1.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	345	...	...	1.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	440	...	...	1.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	510	...	...	1.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	545	...	...	1.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,245	...	...	4.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,470	...	...	5.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,710	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,805	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,825	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,050	...	...	62.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,310	...	...	14.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,895	...	...	13.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,315	...	...	18.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,530	...	...	15.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	29,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	160	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	160	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	340	...	...	1.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	385	...	...	1.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	400	...	...	1.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	545	...	...	1.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	580	...	...	2.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	645	...	...	2.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,540	...	...	5.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,970	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,150	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,175	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,195	...	...	7.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,650	...	...	53.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,115	...	...	17.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,895	...	...	13.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,640	...	...	22.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,690	3,800	2,890	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	34,400	36,400	35,200	34,400	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	31,600	34,000	32,800	31,600	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	118,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,300	...	...	111,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,900	...	...	92,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,200	...	...	152,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...	104,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,910	3,725	3,185	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,920	48,160	43,320	45,920	48,160	43,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,640	39,640	37,480	38,640	39,640	37,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	105,870	52,805	53,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,165	12,465	11,705	22.8	23.6	22.1
0 to 5 years	7,285	3,740	3,550	6.9	7.1	6.7
18 to 64 years	68,230	33,955	34,275	64.4	64.3	64.6
65 years and over	13,470	6,390	7,080	12.7	12.1	13.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,480	2,745	2,730	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,655	865	785	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	530	280	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,020	1,535	1,485	...	...	...
65 years and over	805	340	465	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	7.0	6.7	6.8	7.0	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	7.3	7.5	7.2	7.3	7.5	7.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.3
65 years and over (%)	6.0	5.3	6.6	6.0	5.3	6.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	105,870	52,805	53,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,165	12,465	11,705	22.8	23.6	22.1
0 to 5 years	7,290	3,740	3,550	6.9	7.1	6.7
18 to 64 years	68,230	33,955	34,275	64.4	64.3	64.6
65 years and over	13,470	6,390	7,080	12.7	12.1	13.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,935	2,210	1,730	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	700	355	345	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	105	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,940	1,730	1,215	...	...	...
65 years and over	295	125	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	4.2	3.3	3.7	4.2	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	5.1	3.5	4.3	5.1	3.5
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.0	2.5	2.2	2.0	2.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	105,870	52,810	53,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	45,715	22,905	22,805	43.2	43.4	43.0
In bottom decile	5,890	3,200	2,690	5.6	6.1	5.1
In second decile	7,855	3,870	3,985	7.4	7.3	7.5
In third decile	9,615	4,795	4,810	9.1	9.1	9.1
In fourth decile	10,745	5,320	5,420	10.1	10.1	10.2
In fifth decile	11,615	5,720	5,890	11.0	10.8	11.1
In top half of the distribution	60,155	29,895	30,260	56.8	56.6	57.0
In sixth decile	12,135	6,005	6,130	11.5	11.4	11.6
In seventh decile	13,155	6,530	6,630	12.4	12.4	12.5
In eighth decile	13,160	6,490	6,670	12.4	12.3	12.6
In ninth decile	12,700	6,345	6,355	12.0	12.0	12.0
In top decile	9,010	4,530	4,475	8.5	8.6	8.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	105,865	...	...	105,865	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.377	...	...	0.377	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.240	...	...	0.240	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	105,895	52,815	53,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	95,310	48,545	46,765	90.0	91.9	88.1
French only	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	5,055	2,095	2,955	4.8	4.0	5.6
Neither English nor French	5,480	2,155	3,330	5.2	4.1	6.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	105,895	52,815	53,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	99,140	50,105	49,030	93.6	94.9	92.4
French	605	265	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and French	745	325	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
Neither English nor French	5,410	2,120	3,290	5.1	4.0	6.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	105,895	52,815	53,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	97,260	48,470	48,785	91.8	91.8	91.9
Official languages	48,075	23,845	24,225	45.4	45.1	45.6
English	47,525	23,610	23,915	44.9	44.7	45.1
French	550	240	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	49,185	24,620	24,560	46.4	46.6	46.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	49,185	24,625	24,560	46.4	46.6	46.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	965	475	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	860	425	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Amharic	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	515	270	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	545	260	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	520	245	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,300	560	745	1.2	1.1	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,115	485	635	1.1	0.9	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,955	1,450	1,510	2.8	2.7	2.8
Kannada	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	540	275	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamil	2,095	1,005	1,090	2.0	1.9	2.1
Telugu	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	41,065	20,785	20,275	38.8	39.4	38.2
Albanian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,085	495	590	1.0	0.9	1.1
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,065	485	585	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Polish	485	225	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	265	120	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	285	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	35,315	18,065	17,250	33.3	34.2	32.5
Indo-Aryan languages	34,750	17,765	16,980	32.8	33.6	32.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	410	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	3,035	1,510	1,520	2.9	2.9	2.9
Hindi	2,530	1,235	1,290	2.4	2.3	2.4
Kacchi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	150	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oriya languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	24,970	12,880	12,090	23.6	24.4	22.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	3,075	1,565	1,510	2.9	3.0	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	565	300	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	445	240	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dari	300	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,230	2,025	2,210	4.0	3.8	4.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,435	705	730	1.4	1.3	1.4
Portuguese	1,290	620	670	1.2	1.2	1.3
Romanian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,430	665	770	1.4	1.3	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	815	385	430	0.8	0.7	0.8
Akan (Twi)	495	240	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,085	500	585	1.0	0.9	1.1
Chinese languages	1,060	485	570	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hakka	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	490	215	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	500	245	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,630	4,345	4,290	8.1	8.2	8.1
English and French	285	120	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	7,550	3,840	3,715	7.1	7.3	7.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	600	295	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	105,895	52,815	53,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	47,615	23,570	24,045	45.0	44.6	45.3
French	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	17,605	8,750	8,855	16.6	16.6	16.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	17,605	8,750	8,855	16.6	16.6	16.7
English and French	680	290	395	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	37,155	18,910	18,245	35.1	35.8	34.4
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	950	405	545	0.9	0.8	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,725	820	910	1.6	1.6	1.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	105,895	52,815	53,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,280	47,530	47,755	90.0	90.0	90.0
Official languages	60,600	29,970	30,635	57.2	56.7	57.7
English	60,360	29,865	30,495	57.0	56.5	57.5
French	245	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	34,685	17,565	17,115	32.8	33.3	32.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	34,685	17,565	17,115	32.8	33.3	32.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	515	240	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	465	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	385	180	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	370	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	640	290	350	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	565	260	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,075	1,150	2.1	2.0	2.2
Kannada	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	355	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	1,635	785	850	1.5	1.5	1.6
Telugu	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	29,595	15,140	14,455	27.9	28.7	27.2
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	485	235	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	485	235	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	27,510	14,155	13,355	26.0	26.8	25.2
Indo-Aryan languages	27,180	13,985	13,190	25.7	26.5	24.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	260	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	2,240	1,115	1,125	2.1	2.1	2.1
Hindi	1,730	870	860	1.6	1.6	1.6
Kacchi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20,380	10,580	9,800	19.2	20.0	18.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	2,165	1,085	1,075	2.0	2.1	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	255	140	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,535	710	820	1.4	1.3	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	420	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	730	340	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	295	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	750	350	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese languages	740	345	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	360	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	345	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,610	5,285	5,325	10.0	10.0	10.0
English and French	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	10,170	5,085	5,085	9.6	9.6	9.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	105,895	52,815	53,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	73,530	36,470	37,055	69.4	69.1	69.8
English	12,500	6,505	5,995	11.8	12.3	11.3
French	735	325	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	13,845	6,845	7,000	13.1	13.0	13.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,845	6,845	7,000	13.1	13.0	13.2
English and French	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,970	1,555	1,415	2.8	2.9	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	390	165	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,755	890	865	1.7	1.7	1.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	105,930	52,960	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	100,495	50,890	49,605	94.9	96.1	93.6
English	100,460	50,875	49,585	94.8	96.1	93.6
French	5,130	2,125	3,005	4.8	4.0	5.7
Non-official languages	65,140	32,675	32,470	61.5	61.7	61.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65,140	32,675	32,470	61.5	61.7	61.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,330	685	645	1.3	1.3	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	155	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	135	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,155	585	565	1.1	1.1	1.1
Amharic	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	840	455	385	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	305	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	240	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	670	330	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	645	320	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,020	850	1,165	1.9	1.6	2.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,860	785	1,075	1.8	1.5	2.0
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	475	260	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	4,730	2,305	2,420	4.5	4.4	4.6
Kannada	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malayalam	930	440	485	0.9	0.8	0.9
Tamil	3,450	1,700	1,745	3.3	3.2	3.3
Telugu	490	245	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tulu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	53,590	27,185	26,405	50.6	51.3	49.8
Albanian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,505	765	740	1.4	1.4	1.4
Baltic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,495	755	735	1.4	1.4	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	695	365	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
Russian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	400	205	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	510	255	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	330	190	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	320	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	50	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	45,925	23,475	22,450	43.4	44.3	42.4
Indo-Aryan languages	45,320	23,170	22,150	42.8	43.8	41.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	705	350	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Gujarati	4,290	2,190	2,100	4.0	4.1	4.0
Hindi	16,080	7,910	8,175	15.2	14.9	15.4
Kacchi	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Marathi	335	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nepali	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	32,555	16,805	15,750	30.7	31.7	29.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	450	215	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Urdu	6,000	3,000	2,995	5.7	5.7	5.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages	745	380	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	660	340	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dari	475	240	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iranian Persian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,770	2,785	2,985	5.4	5.3	5.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,135	1,105	1,030	2.0	2.1	1.9
Portuguese	1,820	875	945	1.7	1.7	1.8
Romanian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	2,000	910	1,090	1.9	1.7	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,820	890	930	1.7	1.7	1.8
Akan (Twi)	695	310	385	0.7	0.6	0.7
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	565	290	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,355	655	705	1.3	1.2	1.3
Chinese languages	1,330	640	690	1.3	1.2	1.3
Hakka	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	785	345	445	0.7	0.7	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	655	350	305	0.6	0.7	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	150	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	175	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	105,930	52,955	52,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	585	295	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	560	290	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	105,345	52,660	52,685	99.4	99.4	99.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	105,930	52,955	52,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	105,745	52,860	52,885	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	29,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,425	...	...	87.6	...	...
Renter	3,610	...	...	12.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	29,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,755	...	...	9.5	...	...
Not condominium	26,280	...	...	90.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	29,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	1,015	...	...	3.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,415	...	...	8.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,885	...	...	34.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,625	...	...	53.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	29,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,195	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 rooms	4,470	...	...	15.4	...	...
6 rooms	4,860	...	...	16.7	...	...
7 rooms	4,955	...	...	17.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,565	...	...	36.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	29,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	27,050	...	...	93.1	...	...
More than one person per room	1,985	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	29,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	25,975	...	...	89.4	...	...
Not suitable	3,060	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	29,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	500	...	...	1.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,935	...	...	10.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,875	...	...	16.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,910	...	...	16.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,385	...	...	11.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,635	...	...	12.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,525	...	...	15.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,270	...	...	14.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	29,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	28,310	...	...	97.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	730	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	29,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,610	...	...	33.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,510	...	...	53.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,915	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	29,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	360	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,130	...	...	10.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,705	...	...	23.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,145	...	...	24.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,060	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,650	...	...	12.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,620	...	...	5.6	...	...
85 years and over	370	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	28,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,360	...	...	70.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,535	...	...	29.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,045	...	...	27.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	29,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,275	...	...	38.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,580	...	...	26.1	...	...
Not suitable only	2,230	...	...	7.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	440	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	735	...	...	2.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	17,765	...	...	61.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	28,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,880	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not in core need	25,520	...	...	89.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,375	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	75.5	...	...	75.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.5	...	...	28.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,340	...	...	2,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,296	...	...	2,296	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000	...	...	950,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,013,000	...	...	1,013,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,605	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.8	...	...	36.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.3	...	...	21.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,830	...	...	1,830	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	105,935	52,960	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	665	380	285	0.6	0.7	0.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	635	360	275	0.6	0.7	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	480	280	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,120	52,510	52,605	99.2	99.2	99.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	105,930	52,955	52,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	85,955	42,890	43,065	81.1	81.0	81.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,295	11,535	10,755	21.0	21.8	20.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	63,660	31,355	32,305	60.1	59.2	61.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	19,980	10,070	9,910	18.9	19.0	18.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	105,930	52,955	52,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	47,850	24,500	23,355	45.2	46.3	44.1
Immigrants⁸¹	53,025	25,670	27,355	50.1	48.5	51.6
Before 1980	6,510	2,955	3,555	6.1	5.6	6.7
1980 to 1990	5,760	2,765	2,995	5.4	5.2	5.7
1991 to 2000	11,190	5,325	5,870	10.6	10.1	11.1
2001 to 2010	16,000	7,815	8,190	15.1	14.8	15.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	13,565	6,820	6,745	12.8	12.9	12.7
2011 to 2015	6,695	3,405	3,290	6.3	6.4	6.2
2016 to 2021	6,870	3,410	3,460	6.5	6.4	6.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,055	2,790	2,270	4.8	5.3	4.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	53,025	25,670	27,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,840	1,900	1,930	7.2	7.4	7.1
5 to 14 years	7,730	3,815	3,920	14.6	14.9	14.3
15 to 24 years	12,940	5,585	7,350	24.4	21.8	26.9
25 to 44 years	22,145	11,410	10,735	41.8	44.4	39.2
45 years and over	6,365	2,955	3,410	12.0	11.5	12.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	53,025	25,670	27,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	8,270	3,715	4,555	15.6	14.5	16.7
Brazil	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	175	65	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
El Salvador	170	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyana	1,975	950	1,030	3.7	3.7	3.8
Haiti	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	3,075	1,310	1,765	5.8	5.1	6.5
Mexico	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	1,100	500	600	2.1	1.9	2.2
United States of America	485	240	245	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	1,125	500	630	2.1	1.9	2.3
Europe	5,260	2,490	2,770	9.9	9.7	10.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	115	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
France	65	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greece	105	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	80	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italy	1,020	520	505	1.9	2.0	1.8
Netherlands	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	525	255	260	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portugal	1,050	510	540	2.0	2.0	2.0
Romania	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,330	580	750	2.5	2.3	2.7
Other places of birth in Europe	485	230	255	0.9	0.9	0.9
Africa	2,510	1,210	1,300	4.7	4.7	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	155	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	830	410	425	1.6	1.6	1.6
Somalia	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	1,280	625	655	2.4	2.4	2.4
Asia	36,830	18,175	18,660	69.5	70.8	68.2
Afghanistan	405	205	200	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	375	200	175	0.7	0.8	0.6
Lebanon	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	600	280	320	1.1	1.1	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,910	855	1,050	3.6	3.3	3.8
Viet Nam	625	295	330	1.2	1.1	1.2
Bangladesh	310	165	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
India	25,945	12,900	13,045	48.9	50.3	47.7
Pakistan	2,950	1,485	1,465	5.6	5.8	5.4
Sri Lanka	2,150	1,065	1,085	4.1	4.1	4.0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,155	520	640	2.2	2.0	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	155	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,870	3,415	3,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	515	265	250	7.5	7.8	7.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	225	120	110	3.3	3.5	3.2
Mexico	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
United States of America	90	60	35	1.3	1.8	1.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	145	55	90	2.1	1.6	2.6
Europe	150	85	65	2.2	2.5	1.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	30	10	0.7	0.9	0.3
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	20	0.7	0.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	60	30	40	0.9	0.9	1.2
Africa	370	180	190	5.4	5.3	5.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	225	95	130	3.3	2.8	3.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	25	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	45	25	1.0	1.3	0.7
Asia	5,820	2,870	2,950	84.7	84.0	85.3
Afghanistan	50	30	25	0.7	0.9	0.7
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	35	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,785	2,430	2,360	69.7	71.2	68.2
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Iraq	45	25	20	0.7	0.7	0.6
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	30	25	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Pakistan	415	190	225	6.0	5.6	6.5
Philippines	220	70	155	3.2	2.0	4.5
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Sri Lanka	75	25	45	1.1	0.7	1.3
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Arab Emirates	30	15	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	40	10	25	0.6	0.3	0.7
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	105,930	52,955	52,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	58,610	28,700	29,910	55.3	54.2	56.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	33,050	17,065	15,985	31.2	32.2	30.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,270	7,195	7,080	13.5	13.6	13.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	46,515	22,720	23,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	19,390	10,265	9,120	41.7	45.2	38.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	8,080	5,510	2,570	17.4	24.3	10.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	11,310	4,760	6,545	24.3	21.0	27.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	22,175	9,745	12,430	47.7	42.9	52.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,375	2,385	1,985	9.4	10.5	8.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	580	320	260	1.2	1.4	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	46,515	22,720	23,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,675	1,640	1,035	5.8	7.2	4.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,900	1,580	1,320	6.2	7.0	5.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	555	265	290	1.2	1.2	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,165	1,320	845	4.7	5.8	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	235	110	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	37,980	17,800	20,180	81.7	78.3	84.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	105,935	52,960	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	80,115	40,100	40,020	75.6	75.7	75.6
South Asian	54,520	27,770	26,745	51.5	52.4	50.5
Chinese	1,460	665	795	1.4	1.3	1.5
Black	12,020	5,760	6,260	11.3	10.9	11.8
Filipino	2,675	1,210	1,470	2.5	2.3	2.8
Arab	800	425	375	0.8	0.8	0.7
Latin American	1,595	775	815	1.5	1.5	1.5
Southeast Asian	980	465	510	0.9	0.9	1.0
West Asian	895	425	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Korean	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,345	1,665	1,690	3.2	3.1	3.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,715	895	820	1.6	1.7	1.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	25,815	12,860	12,955	24.4	24.3	24.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	105,930	52,960	52,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,910	3,520	3,385	6.5	6.6	6.4
English	5,695	2,755	2,935	5.4	5.2	5.5
Irish	4,880	2,230	2,650	4.6	4.2	5.0
Scottish	4,565	2,120	2,450	4.3	4.0	4.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,560	710	850	1.5	1.3	1.6
German	1,880	895	990	1.8	1.7	1.9
Chinese	2,030	1,010	1,025	1.9	1.9	1.9
Italian	5,395	2,815	2,585	5.1	5.3	4.9
Indian (India)	27,975	14,155	13,820	26.4	26.7	26.1
Ukrainian	790	430	355	0.7	0.8	0.7
Dutch	870	445	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Polish	1,350	725	620	1.3	1.4	1.2
Québécois	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,420	685	730	1.3	1.3	1.4
Filipino	2,690	1,245	1,450	2.5	2.4	2.7
French Canadian	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	615	275	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	655	295	360	0.6	0.6	0.7
Russian	200	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	375	175	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	3,155	1,620	1,530	3.0	3.1	2.9
American	330	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	840	440	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Swedish	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	455	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Acadian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	3,955	1,980	1,975	3.7	3.7	3.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,440	1,185	1,255	2.3	2.2	2.4
Jewish	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	10,050	5,030	5,020	9.5	9.5	9.5
Vietnamese	690	360	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265	155	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	450	235	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	4,270	2,055	2,215	4.0	3.9	4.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,455	740	715	1.4	1.4	1.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	600	305	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Danish	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sikh	7,885	4,105	3,780	7.4	7.8	7.1
Austrian	220	135	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Belgian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	3,645	1,910	1,735	3.4	3.6	3.3
Mexican	95	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	2,150	1,020	1,130	2.0	1.9	2.1
Croatian	390	235	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japanese	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,115	1,075	1,040	2.0	2.0	2.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	865	465	400	0.8	0.9	0.8
Egyptian	240	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	415	160	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Tamil	1,240	630	610	1.2	1.2	1.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	2,240	1,125	1,115	2.1	2.1	2.1
Afghan	550	275	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	745	330	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
Serbian	210	80	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ojibway	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,165	585	585	1.1	1.1	1.1
Turkish	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	425	225	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	145	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	665	315	350	0.6	0.6	0.7
Armenian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	110	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Somali	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Salvadorean	275	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	780	370	410	0.7	0.7	0.8
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	190	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	860	380	480	0.8	0.7	0.9
Algonquin	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	910	425	485	0.9	0.8	0.9
Lithuanian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chilean	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	360	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	405	220	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Macedonian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	750	385	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	390	185	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Israeli	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	650	295	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Barbadian	325	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
African American	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	75	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Franco Ontarian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jatt	770	400	370	0.7	0.8	0.7
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	245	85	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Igbo	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Byelorussian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	175	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jordanian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sinhalese	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	160	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ugandan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Singaporean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	105,935	52,960	52,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,020	510	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Christian	38,860	18,515	20,345	36.7	35.0	38.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,785	4,120	4,660	8.3	7.8	8.8
Anabaptist	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,830	890	940	1.7	1.7	1.8
Baptist	820	415	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catholic	19,770	9,675	10,095	18.7	18.3	19.1
Christian Orthodox	955	445	505	0.9	0.8	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	380	185	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,420	1,050	1,370	2.3	2.0	2.6
Presbyterian	680	270	410	0.6	0.5	0.8
Reformed	210	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	1,215	570	650	1.1	1.1	1.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,420	650	765	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hindu	16,160	8,225	7,930	15.3	15.5	15.0
Jewish	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	8,900	4,515	4,390	8.4	8.5	8.3
Sikh	29,210	15,020	14,185	27.6	28.4	26.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	280	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	11,385	5,975	5,415	10.7	11.3	10.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	104,835	52,370	52,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	92,620	46,240	46,380	88.3	88.3	88.4
Movers	12,210	6,130	6,080	11.6	11.7	11.6
Non-migrants	7,145	3,595	3,550	6.8	6.9	6.8
Migrants	5,070	2,540	2,530	4.8	4.9	4.8
Internal migrants	3,720	1,880	1,845	3.5	3.6	3.5
Intraprovincial migrants	3,390	1,725	1,660	3.2	3.3	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	335	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,350	660	690	1.3	1.3	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	99,930	49,840	50,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	58,950	29,285	29,660	59.0	58.8	59.2
Movers	40,985	20,550	20,435	41.0	41.2	40.8
Non-migrants	16,620	8,105	8,515	16.6	16.3	17.0
Migrants	24,365	12,445	11,920	24.4	25.0	23.8
Internal migrants	15,645	7,900	7,745	15.7	15.9	15.5
Intraprovincial migrants	14,535	7,305	7,230	14.5	14.7	14.4
Interprovincial migrants	1,115	600	515	1.1	1.2	1.0
External migrants	8,720	4,545	4,170	8.7	9.1	8.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,000	42,695	43,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,010	7,255	7,750	17.5	17.0	17.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,995	35,440	35,555	82.6	83.0	82.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,735	27,720	29,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,245	3,230	3,020	11.0	11.7	10.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,490	24,495	25,995	89.0	88.4	89.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,000	42,700	43,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,270	6,845	7,425	16.6	16.0	17.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,520	12,895	11,625	28.5	30.2	26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,215	22,955	24,255	54.9	53.8	56.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,290	10,940	10,350	24.8	25.6	23.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,270	2,340	930	3.8	5.5	2.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,705	1,115	590	2.0	2.6	1.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,560	1,220	340	1.8	2.9	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,490	7,385	8,100	18.0	17.3	18.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,540	1,210	1,325	3.0	2.8	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,920	12,020	13,905	30.1	28.1	32.1
Bachelor's degree	17,295	8,100	9,200	20.1	19.0	21.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,735	790	945	2.0	1.9	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	560	255	300	0.7	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	6,005	2,690	3,315	7.0	6.3	7.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	330	185	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,740	27,725	29,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,745	2,960	2,785	10.1	10.7	9.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,695	7,255	6,445	24.1	26.2	22.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,295	17,510	19,780	65.7	63.2	68.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,655	7,800	7,860	27.6	28.1	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,410	1,690	720	4.2	6.1	2.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,230	790	440	2.2	2.8	1.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,180	895	285	2.1	3.2	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,445	5,285	6,160	20.2	19.1	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,805	825	980	3.2	3.0	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,640	9,715	11,920	38.1	35.0	41.1
Bachelor's degree	14,085	6,390	7,695	24.8	23.0	26.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,425	640	780	2.5	2.3	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	195	280	0.8	0.7	1.0
Master's degree	5,375	2,335	3,035	9.5	8.4	10.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	280	150	125	0.5	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,000	42,700	43,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,790	19,740	19,045	45.1	46.2	44.0
Education	2,075	430	1,645	2.4	1.0	3.8
13. Education	2,075	430	1,645	2.4	1.0	3.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	970	440	535	1.1	1.0	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	95	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	860	345	510	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	3,755	1,275	2,480	4.4	3.0	5.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	40	230	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	625	170	455	0.7	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,355	830	1,525	2.7	1.9	3.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	270	110	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,170	1,575	3,595	6.0	3.7	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	500	210	285	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	960	95	865	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	855	290	570	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	660	110	545	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	2,050	835	1,215	2.4	2.0	2.8
Business, management and public administration	12,180	5,640	6,540	14.2	13.2	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	655	115	545	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,515	5,525	5,990	13.4	12.9	13.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,615	1,155	1,455	3.0	2.7	3.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	975	330	640	1.1	0.8	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	935	410	520	1.1	1.0	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	575	360	215	0.7	0.8	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,345	2,085	1,260	3.9	4.9	2.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,895	1,860	1,035	3.4	4.4	2.4
25. Library science	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	360	190	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,895	7,885	1,005	10.3	18.5	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	250	150	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	3,535	2,885	655	4.1	6.8	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,125	1,900	225	2.5	4.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,055	1,040	20	1.2	2.4	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,230	1,230	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
48. Precision production	685	680	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	540	295	245	0.6	0.7	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	435	245	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	5,670	1,220	4,450	6.6	2.9	10.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	390	265	125	0.5	0.6	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,205	930	4,280	6.1	2.2	9.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,995	955	1,040	2.3	2.2	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	975	220	755	1.1	0.5	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	750	515	235	0.9	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	250	200	45	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,740	27,725	29,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,440	10,210	9,230	34.3	36.8	31.8
Education	1,570	310	1,265	2.8	1.1	4.4
13. Education	1,570	310	1,265	2.8	1.1	4.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	765	360	410	1.3	1.3	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	85	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	665	275	395	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	3,090	1,000	2,090	5.4	3.6	7.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	20	180	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	535	130	400	0.9	0.5	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,975	690	1,290	3.5	2.5	4.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	205	70	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,950	1,190	2,760	7.0	4.3	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	170	195	0.6	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	660	55	605	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	710	225	485	1.3	0.8	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	515	80	430	0.9	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,595	630	970	2.8	2.3	3.3
Business, management and public administration	9,785	4,385	5,405	17.2	15.8	18.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	560	80	485	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,215	4,305	4,915	16.2	15.5	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,950	795	1,155	3.4	2.9	4.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	730	250	480	1.3	0.9	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	680	265	410	1.2	1.0	1.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	445	250	200	0.8	0.9	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,740	1,660	1,080	4.8	6.0	3.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,365	1,480	885	4.2	5.3	3.1
25. Library science	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	315	155	155	0.6	0.6	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,895	5,990	905	12.2	21.6	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	195	110	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	2,935	2,335	600	5.2	8.4	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,580	1,385	190	2.8	5.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	785	770	20	1.4	2.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	935	935	0	1.6	3.4	0.0
48. Precision production	465	460	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	410	220	190	0.7	0.8	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	325	175	150	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	4,605	910	3,700	8.1	3.3	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	260	165	100	0.5	0.6	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,290	735	3,560	7.6	2.7	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,520	700	825	2.7	2.5	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	770	160	615	1.4	0.6	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	565	380	185	1.0	1.4	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	180	150	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,740	27,725	29,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,440	10,210	9,230	34.3	36.8	31.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,295	17,515	19,785	65.7	63.2	68.2
Location of study inside Canada	21,135	9,780	11,350	37.2	35.3	39.1
Same as province or territory of residence	20,230	9,370	10,860	35.7	33.8	37.4
Different than province or territory of residence	900	415	490	1.6	1.5	1.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	16,160	7,730	8,430	28.5	27.9	29.1
Americas	1,535	795	735	2.7	2.9	2.5
United States of America	765	410	345	1.3	1.5	1.2
Mexico	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	325	175	150	0.6	0.6	0.5
Brazil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	345	165	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Europe	910	460	450	1.6	1.7	1.6
Belgium	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romania	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	235	245	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	645	375	265	1.1	1.4	0.9
Nigeria	365	225	140	0.6	0.8	0.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	190	100	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	12,950	6,025	6,925	22.8	21.7	23.9
Iran⁸⁸	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	275	130	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	760	295	460	1.3	1.1	1.6
Viet Nam	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	235	120	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
India	10,305	4,800	5,505	18.2	17.3	19.0
Pakistan	925	445	480	1.6	1.6	1.7
Other locations of study in Asia	190	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	125	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	95	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	86,005	42,700	43,305	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,670	30,755	26,915	...	...	...
Employed	50,525	27,535	22,985	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,145	3,220	3,925	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,335	11,945	16,390	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.1	72.0	62.2	67.1	72.0	62.2
Employment rate	58.7	64.5	53.1	58.7	64.5	53.1
Unemployment rate	12.4	10.5	14.6	12.4	10.5	14.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	86,000	42,700	43,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,205	13,495	17,705	36.3	31.6	40.9
Worked	54,795	29,200	25,595	63.7	68.4	59.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,520	16,830	12,695	34.3	39.4	29.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,275	12,370	12,900	29.4	29.0	29.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.4	41.5	39.1	40.4	41.5	39.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,670	30,755	26,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,825	800	1,025	3.2	2.6	3.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,845	29,960	25,885	96.8	97.4	96.2
Employee	46,625	22,980	23,645	80.8	74.7	87.9
Permanent position	39,260	19,650	19,610	68.1	63.9	72.9
Temporary position	7,360	3,325	4,040	12.8	10.8	15.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,300	980	1,320	4.0	3.2	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,065	2,350	2,715	8.8	7.6	10.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,220	6,975	2,245	16.0	22.7	8.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,670	30,755	26,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,825	800	1,025	3.2	2.6	3.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,845	29,960	25,885	96.8	97.4	96.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	350	245	105	0.6	0.8	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,360	3,925	7,435	19.7	12.8	27.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,935	3,735	1,200	8.6	12.1	4.5
3 Health occupations	3,500	540	2,960	6.1	1.8	11.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,630	1,415	3,215	8.0	4.6	11.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	855	365	490	1.5	1.2	1.8
6 Sales and service occupations	12,055	5,310	6,745	20.9	17.3	25.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,425	11,695	1,730	23.3	38.0	6.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430	300	130	0.7	1.0	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,305	2,430	1,875	7.5	7.9	7.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,670	30,755	26,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,825	800	1,025	3.2	2.6	3.8
All industries¹⁹¹	55,845	29,960	25,885	96.8	97.4	96.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	180	120	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
22 Utilities	210	160	55	0.4	0.5	0.2
23 Construction	3,445	2,890	555	6.0	9.4	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	6,785	4,275	2,510	11.8	13.9	9.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,705	1,530	1,175	4.7	5.0	4.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,225	2,890	3,335	10.8	9.4	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	9,085	6,740	2,345	15.8	21.9	8.7
51 Information and cultural industries	1,125	750	370	2.0	2.4	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	3,030	1,405	1,625	5.3	4.6	6.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,095	610	490	1.9	2.0	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,430	2,400	2,030	7.7	7.8	7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	190	65	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,655	1,445	1,210	4.6	4.7	4.5
61 Educational services	3,080	750	2,330	5.3	2.4	8.7
62 Health care and social assistance	5,090	800	4,290	8.8	2.6	15.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	545	295	250	0.9	1.0	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,280	870	1,405	4.0	2.8	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,875	1,055	820	3.3	3.4	3.0
91 Public administration	1,785	880	905	3.1	2.9	3.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,585	32,255	28,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,000	28,510	25,490	89.1	88.4	90.0
French	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	920	515	410	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	920	515	410	1.5	1.6	1.4
English and French	560	205	355	0.9	0.6	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,950	2,945	2,010	8.2	9.1	7.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,585	32,255	28,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,340	31,525	27,820	97.9	97.7	98.2
Official languages	57,610	30,495	27,115	95.1	94.5	95.7
English	57,490	30,460	27,035	94.9	94.4	95.4
French	115	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	1,730	1,025	700	2.9	3.2	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,730	1,025	700	2.9	3.2	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,635	1,005	625	2.7	3.1	2.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,555	960	595	2.6	3.0	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,550	955	595	2.6	3.0	2.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,385	895	490	2.3	2.8	1.7
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,255	730	520	2.1	2.3	1.8
English and French	105	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,110	690	425	1.8	2.1	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,585	32,255	28,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,030	29,670	26,355	92.5	92.0	93.0
English	750	440	310	1.2	1.4	1.1
French	405	165	240	0.7	0.5	0.8
Non-official language	2,620	1,550	1,070	4.3	4.8	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,620	1,550	1,070	4.3	4.8	3.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	665	345	325	1.1	1.1	1.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,525	27,535	22,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,945	5,415	6,535	23.6	19.7	28.4
Worked outside Canada	305	245	60	0.6	0.9	0.3
No fixed workplace address	7,965	6,055	1,910	15.8	22.0	8.3
Usual place of work	30,310	15,820	14,490	60.0	57.5	63.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,310	15,820	14,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,715	5,360	6,360	38.7	33.9	43.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,315	5,525	4,785	34.0	34.9	33.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,195	4,890	3,310	27.0	30.9	22.8
Commute to a different province or territory	75	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,275	21,875	16,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,205	20,360	13,845	89.4	93.1	84.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,050	19,280	11,770	81.1	88.1	71.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,155	1,080	2,075	8.2	4.9	12.6
Public transit	2,770	1,010	1,760	7.2	4.6	10.7
Walked	510	180	335	1.3	0.8	2.0
Bicycle	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other method	755	295	460	2.0	1.3	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,275	21,875	16,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,950	2,285	2,670	12.9	10.4	16.3
15 to 29 minutes	14,815	8,570	6,245	38.7	39.2	38.1
30 to 44 minutes	10,775	6,510	4,270	28.2	29.8	26.0
45 to 59 minutes	3,765	2,140	1,630	9.8	9.8	9.9
60 minutes and over	3,970	2,375	1,595	10.4	10.9	9.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,275	21,875	16,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,425	2,475	950	8.9	11.3	5.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,710	4,175	2,535	17.5	19.1	15.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,830	4,245	3,585	20.5	19.4	21.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,895	3,415	3,480	18.0	15.6	21.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,400	2,785	2,615	14.1	12.7	15.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,015	4,780	3,230	20.9	21.9	19.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,650	12,695	11,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,900	960	945	7.7	7.6	7.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,745	11,735	11,015	92.3	92.4	92.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,240	9,375	8,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,600	815	790	8.8	8.7	8.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,090	550	540	6.0	5.9	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	510	255	255	2.8	2.7	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,640	8,565	8,070	91.2	91.4	91.0

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 28, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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