Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	EssexMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	131,825	65,610	66,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22,115	11,395	10,720	16.8	17.4	16.2
0 to 4 years	6,375	3,230	3,145	4.8	4.9	4.7
5 to 9 years	7,460	3,905	3,555	5.7	6.0	5.4
10 to 14 years	8,285	4,260	4,020	6.3	6.5	6.1
15 to 64 years	83,705	41,920	41,780	63.5	63.9	63.1
15 to 19 years	8,430	4,400	4,035	6.4	6.7	6.1
20 to 24 years	7,430	3,990	3,435	5.6	6.1	5.2
25 to 29 years	6,490	3,340	3,150	4.9	5.1	4.8
30 to 34 years	6,850	3,430	3,420	5.2	5.2	5.2
35 to 39 years	7,625	3,690	3,935	5.8	5.6	5.9
40 to 44 years	8,270	4,070	4,200	6.3	6.2	6.3
45 to 49 years	8,970	4,410	4,560	6.8	6.7	6.9
50 to 54 years	9,290	4,565	4,725	7.0	7.0	7.1
55 to 59 years	10,520	5,135	5,380	8.0	7.8	8.1
60 to 64 years	9,825	4,900	4,930	7.5	7.5	7.4
65 years and over	26,005	12,285	13,725	19.7	18.7	20.7
65 to 69 years	8,465	4,145	4,320	6.4	6.3	6.5
70 to 74 years	7,210	3,475	3,735	5.5	5.3	5.6
75 to 79 years	4,680	2,300	2,375	3.6	3.5	3.6
80 to 84 years	2,860	1,295	1,565	2.2	2.0	2.4
85 years and over	2,795	1,070	1,730	2.1	1.6	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,685	720	965	1.3	1.1	1.5
90 to 94 years	800	260	540	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	280	80	195	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.4	16.2	16.8	17.4	16.2
15 to 64 years	63.5	63.9	63.1	63.5	63.9	63.1
65 years and over	19.7	18.7	20.7	19.7	18.7	20.7
85 years and over	2.1	1.6	2.6	2.1	1.6	2.6
Average age of the population	42.5	41.7	43.3	42.5	41.7	43.3
Median age of the population	44.4	43.2	45.2	44.4	43.2	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	42,120	...	...	85.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,755	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	1,715	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,995	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	610	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	515	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,210	...	...	20.8	...	...
2 persons	17,830	...	...	36.3	...	...
3 persons	7,725	...	...	15.7	...	...
4 persons	8,485	...	...	17.3	...	...
5 or more persons	4,835	...	...	9.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	129,690	64,565	65,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	109,710	54,210	55,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	69,425	34,820	34,610	63.3	64.2	62.4
Married	61,050	30,635	30,415	55.6	56.5	54.8
Living common-law	8,375	4,180	4,190	7.6	7.7	7.5
Living common law - Never married	4,885	2,455	2,430	4.5	4.5	4.4
Living common law - Separated	510	275	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,640	1,315	1,320	2.4	2.4	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	340	135	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	40,285	19,390	20,895	36.7	35.8	37.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,220	14,610	11,610	23.9	27.0	20.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,445	1,010	1,435	2.2	1.9	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,585	2,395	3,185	5.1	4.4	5.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,040	1,370	4,670	5.5	2.5	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	39,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,070	...	...	48.8	...	...
3 persons	7,850	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	8,290	...	...	21.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,830	...	...	9.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	39,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	34,070	...	...	87.3	...	...
Married couples	29,885	...	...	76.6	...	...
With children⁶	16,080	...	...	41.2	...	...
Without children	13,805	...	...	35.4	...	...
Common-law couples	4,185	...	...	10.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,745	...	...	4.5	...	...
Without children	2,435	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,965	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,710	...	...	9.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,260	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	129,690	64,565	65,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	115,400	57,935	57,470	89.0	89.7	88.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	68,145	34,025	34,115	52.5	52.7	52.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,965	1,255	3,705	3.8	1.9	5.7
Children⁶	42,295	22,650	19,645	32.6	35.1	30.2
In a two-parent family	34,430	18,330	16,100	26.5	28.4	24.7
In a one-parent family	7,860	4,320	3,540	6.1	6.7	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,290	6,635	7,650	11.0	10.3	11.7
Living alone	10,210	4,715	5,500	7.9	7.3	8.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,140	805	1,335	1.7	1.2	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	1,935	1,110	825	1.5	1.7	1.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	35,320	...	...	71.9	...	...
Couple-family households	31,420	...	...	64.0	...	...
With children⁶	16,465	...	...	33.5	...	...
Without children	14,955	...	...	30.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,900	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,405	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,070	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	855	...	...	1.7	...	...
One-person households	10,210	...	...	20.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	107,600	53,185	54,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,915	51,355	52,565	96.6	96.6	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	54,800	38,800	46,400	54,800	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,005	51,400	52,605	96.7	96.6	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,000	35,200	41,600	48,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,520	48,390	47,130	88.8	91.0	86.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,800	30,200	39,600	48,800	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,645	42,175	36,475	73.1	79.3	67.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,200	32,800	39,600	47,200	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,830	46,000	47,825	87.2	86.5	87.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	7,050	10,300	8,800	7,050	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,165	6,040	6,125	11.3	11.4	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,120	5,480	5,320	5,120	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,100	13,685	14,415	26.1	25.7	26.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	107,625	53,185	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,910	51,395	52,520	96.5	96.6	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,400	69,600	47,440	58,400	69,600	47,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,005	51,455	52,550	96.6	96.7	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	56,850	40,920	48,800	56,850	40,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,720	48,430	47,285	88.9	91.1	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,100	64,800	41,160	53,100	64,800	41,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,580	42,075	36,505	73.0	79.1	67.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,500	59,400	42,440	51,500	59,400	42,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,810	46,160	47,655	87.2	86.8	87.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,470	9,480	11,440	10,470	9,480	11,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,380	6,225	6,160	11.5	11.7	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,235	5,695	6,780	6,235	5,695	6,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,480	13,705	14,770	26.5	25.8	27.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,310	7,780	8,800	8,310	7,780	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	107,625	53,185	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,885	20,535	15,350	33.3	38.6	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	77,500	61,200	70,500	77,500	61,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,100	91,800	69,100	82,100	91,800	69,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,830	14,060	15,770	27.7	26.4	29.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	24,000	17,600	20,000	24,000	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	36,480	25,720	30,800	36,480	25,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.8	87.8	78.2	83.8	87.8	78.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	69.8	62.2	66.8	69.8	62.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.2	12.2	21.9	16.2	12.2	21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.3	6.2	4.5	3.3	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.0	5.2	3.9	3.0	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	107,600	53,185	54,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,680	1,830	1,845	3.4	3.5	3.4
With total income	103,915	51,355	52,565	96.6	96.6	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,985	3,040	4,950	7.7	5.9	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,965	4,030	6,935	10.6	7.8	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,280	5,155	8,125	12.8	10.0	15.5
$30,000 to $39,999	12,030	4,950	7,080	11.6	9.6	13.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,965	5,910	6,055	11.5	11.5	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,395	5,290	5,105	10.0	10.3	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	7,925	4,205	3,715	7.6	8.2	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	6,355	3,810	2,540	6.1	7.4	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	5,035	3,170	1,870	4.8	6.2	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	4,335	2,555	1,780	4.2	5.0	3.4
$100,000 and over	13,650	9,245	4,405	13.1	18.0	8.4
$100,000 to $149,999	9,345	5,960	3,380	9.0	11.6	6.4
$150,000 and over	4,310	3,280	1,025	4.1	6.4	1.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	107,600	53,185	54,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,595	1,785	1,815	3.3	3.4	3.3
With after-tax income	104,005	51,400	52,605	96.7	96.6	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,485	3,190	5,295	8.2	6.2	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,535	4,250	7,285	11.1	8.3	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	15,255	5,945	9,310	14.7	11.6	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	14,590	6,445	8,150	14.0	12.5	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	14,300	7,295	7,005	13.7	14.2	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	10,850	5,850	5,000	10.4	11.4	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	8,215	5,060	3,155	7.9	9.8	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,935	3,650	2,285	5.7	7.1	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	5,060	2,860	2,200	4.9	5.6	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,725	1,740	990	2.6	3.4	1.9
$100,000 and over	7,065	5,125	1,940	6.8	10.0	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,335	2,295	1,040	3.2	4.5	2.0
$125,000 and over	3,725	2,825	905	3.6	5.5	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	107,600	53,185	54,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,950	11,010	17,940	26.9	20.7	33.0
With employment income	78,645	42,175	36,475	73.1	79.3	67.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,205	7,485	5,720	16.8	17.7	15.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,380	2,220	3,165	6.8	5.3	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,375	3,655	4,725	10.6	8.7	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,540	2,930	3,605	8.3	6.9	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,035	2,765	3,270	7.7	6.5	9.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,435	2,955	3,485	8.2	7.0	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,755	2,975	2,785	7.3	7.0	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,780	2,660	2,115	6.1	6.3	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,460	2,845	1,620	5.7	6.7	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,520	2,240	1,280	4.5	5.3	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,760	2,065	1,695	4.8	4.9	4.7
$100,000 and over	10,395	7,390	3,015	13.2	17.5	8.3
$100,000 to $124,999	5,000	3,240	1,765	6.4	7.7	4.8
$125,000 and over	5,395	4,150	1,250	6.9	9.8	3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	107,600	53,185	54,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,110	50,410	51,700	94.9	94.8	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,400	36,800	45,200	54,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,160	50,415	51,745	94.9	94.8	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	47,600	33,600	40,400	47,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,530	47,760	46,770	87.9	89.8	86.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,800	32,800	41,200	50,800	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,795	42,030	36,765	73.2	79.0	67.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	50,000	35,200	41,600	50,000	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,500	43,440	45,060	82.2	81.7	82.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,440	1,290	5,840	3,440	1,290	5,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,010	5,050	4,955	9.3	9.5	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	3,680	5,000	4,280	3,680	5,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	107,625	53,185	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,085	50,495	51,595	94.9	94.9	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,400	68,100	45,000	56,400	68,100	45,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,140	50,505	51,640	94.9	95.0	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,160	55,750	38,760	47,160	55,750	38,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,675	47,810	46,865	88.0	89.9	86.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,850	65,900	41,600	53,850	65,900	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,685	41,910	36,775	73.1	78.8	67.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,600	61,100	42,920	52,600	61,100	42,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,210	43,390	44,815	82.0	81.6	82.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,660	8,310	7,500	6,660	8,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,005	5,080	4,925	9.3	9.6	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,950	4,688	7,250	5,950	4,688	7,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	107,625	53,185	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,645	20,415	15,230	33.1	38.4	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	75,000	57,600	67,500	75,000	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,100	89,000	65,800	79,100	89,000	65,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,355	13,340	15,020	26.3	25.1	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400	34,400	23,800	27,400	34,400	23,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,360	45,000	30,600	37,360	45,000	30,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.6	91.6	84.0	88.6	91.6	84.0
Employment income (%)	71.8	74.6	68.0	71.8	74.6	68.0
Government transfers (%)	11.5	8.4	16.0	11.5	8.4	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	47,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,500	...	...	123,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,100	...	...	58,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,040	...	...	49,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	140,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,700	...	...	117,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	465	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	975	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,085	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,030	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,210	...	...	2.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,400	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,510	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,255	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,050	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,070	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,130	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,970	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,270	...	...	51.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,385	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,210	...	...	10.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,880	...	...	14.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,795	...	...	13.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	505	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,035	...	...	2.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,290	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,195	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,505	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,740	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,790	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,835	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,715	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,815	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,680	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,320	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,905	...	...	42.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,970	...	...	14.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,890	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,045	...	...	18.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...	154,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,145	5,825	6,320	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	50,800	40,800	45,200	50,800	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	44,400	37,200	40,800	44,400	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	140,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...	117,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,900	...	...	113,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,800	...	...	94,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,400	...	...	174,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...	145,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,900	...	...	92,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...	81,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,065	5,815	6,245	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,050	63,700	48,960	56,050	63,700	48,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,520	52,950	42,480	47,520	52,950	42,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	129,690	64,565	65,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,265	14,060	13,205	21.0	21.8	20.3
0 to 5 years	7,785	3,985	3,800	6.0	6.2	5.8
18 to 64 years	77,695	38,660	39,035	59.9	59.9	59.9
65 years and over	24,735	11,845	12,885	19.1	18.3	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,160	3,260	3,900	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,615	855	755	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	520	260	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,715	1,725	1,990	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,825	680	1,145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.5	5.1	6.0	5.5	5.1	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	6.1	5.8	5.9	6.1	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.7	6.6	6.8	6.7	6.6	6.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.5	5.1	4.8	4.5	5.1
65 years and over (%)	7.4	5.7	8.9	7.4	5.7	8.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	129,690	64,565	65,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,265	14,060	13,205	21.0	21.8	20.3
0 to 5 years	7,785	3,985	3,800	6.0	6.2	5.8
18 to 64 years	77,695	38,660	39,035	59.9	59.9	59.9
65 years and over	24,735	11,845	12,885	19.1	18.3	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,265	1,150	1,115	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	460	235	220	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	140	70	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,555	805	750	...	...	...
65 years and over	255	105	145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.9
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	129,690	64,570	65,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,830	23,450	25,380	37.7	36.3	39.0
In bottom decile	5,855	2,740	3,110	4.5	4.2	4.8
In second decile	8,375	3,775	4,600	6.5	5.8	7.1
In third decile	10,245	4,850	5,400	7.9	7.5	8.3
In fourth decile	11,605	5,755	5,855	8.9	8.9	9.0
In fifth decile	12,755	6,330	6,425	9.8	9.8	9.9
In top half of the distribution	80,860	41,120	39,735	62.3	63.7	61.0
In sixth decile	14,165	7,100	7,060	10.9	11.0	10.8
In seventh decile	14,610	7,470	7,145	11.3	11.6	11.0
In eighth decile	16,570	8,365	8,210	12.8	13.0	12.6
In ninth decile	17,545	8,910	8,630	13.5	13.8	13.3
In top decile	17,975	9,280	8,695	13.9	14.4	13.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	129,690	...	...	129,690	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.401	...	...	0.401	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	131,085	65,330	65,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	115,330	58,150	57,180	88.0	89.0	87.0
French only	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	14,615	6,600	8,010	11.1	10.1	12.2
Neither English nor French	1,070	550	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	131,085	65,330	65,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	126,345	63,030	63,315	96.4	96.5	96.3
French	3,360	1,615	1,750	2.6	2.5	2.7
English and French	340	155	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,035	535	505	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	131,085	65,330	65,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	127,685	63,725	63,955	97.4	97.5	97.3
Official languages	112,380	56,205	56,175	85.7	86.0	85.4
English	108,755	54,460	54,300	83.0	83.4	82.6
French	3,620	1,750	1,870	2.8	2.7	2.8
Non-official languages	15,305	7,520	7,785	11.7	11.5	11.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,300	7,520	7,785	11.7	11.5	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,730	885	845	1.3	1.4	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,730	880	845	1.3	1.3	1.3
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,425	730	695	1.1	1.1	1.1
Aramaic languages	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	210	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	330	140	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	295	130	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,005	5,450	5,560	8.4	8.3	8.5
Albanian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,840	860	985	1.4	1.3	1.5
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,830	860	975	1.4	1.3	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	560	250	310	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	535	265	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	190	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	305	150	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,560	1,225	1,335	2.0	1.9	2.0
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,605	745	860	1.2	1.1	1.3
German	1,595	740	850	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	920	465	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	485	245	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,950	955	995	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,825	895	925	1.4	1.4	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,035	510	525	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	405	200	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,325	2,240	2,085	3.3	3.4	3.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,180	1,090	1,090	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	825	415	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	390	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	905	530	375	0.7	0.8	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,065	490	575	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	1,040	480	560	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hakka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	735	335	400	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	330	160	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	295	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,400	1,600	1,800	2.6	2.4	2.7
English and French	1,190	545	650	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,900	915	985	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	131,085	65,330	65,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	114,280	57,250	57,030	87.2	87.6	86.7
French	515	245	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	3,435	1,725	1,710	2.6	2.6	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,435	1,725	1,710	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and French	2,545	1,115	1,430	1.9	1.7	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	9,565	4,675	4,895	7.3	7.2	7.4
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	515	220	295	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	200	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	131,085	65,330	65,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	128,805	64,265	64,545	98.3	98.4	98.2
Official languages	122,370	61,070	61,300	93.4	93.5	93.2
English	121,600	60,700	60,895	92.8	92.9	92.6
French	770	365	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	6,435	3,195	3,240	4.9	4.9	4.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,435	3,195	3,240	4.9	4.9	4.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	810	405	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	810	405	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	625	310	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,260	2,150	2,110	3.2	3.3	3.2
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	585	290	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	585	290	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	195	100	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	795	380	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	450	205	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
German	445	205	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	335	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,440	700	740	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,355	665	690	1.0	1.0	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	820	405	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	270	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,355	740	610	1.0	1.1	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	400	160	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
Portuguese	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	540	390	155	0.4	0.6	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	715	335	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	710	330	380	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	560	265	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,285	1,065	1,215	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	355	140	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,845	890	960	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	131,085	65,330	65,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	120,195	60,140	60,055	91.7	92.1	91.3
English	2,635	1,295	1,345	2.0	2.0	2.0
French	2,065	910	1,155	1.6	1.4	1.8
Non-official language	5,115	2,470	2,640	3.9	3.8	4.0
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,105	2,470	2,635	3.9	3.8	4.0
English and French	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	295	125	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	375	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	129,670	64,540	65,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	128,695	64,120	64,580	99.2	99.3	99.2
English	128,620	64,095	64,530	99.2	99.3	99.1
French	14,605	6,490	8,110	11.3	10.1	12.5
Non-official languages	20,645	9,955	10,690	15.9	15.4	16.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,630	9,950	10,680	15.9	15.4	16.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,885	1,430	1,455	2.2	2.2	2.2
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,880	1,425	1,450	2.2	2.2	2.2
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,540	1,265	1,275	2.0	2.0	2.0
Aramaic languages	460	215	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	340	155	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	305	110	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	245	90	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	400	150	245	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	370	135	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	300	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	70	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,700	7,165	7,535	11.3	11.1	11.6
Albanian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,360	1,075	1,285	1.8	1.7	2.0
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,345	1,075	1,270	1.8	1.7	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	270	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	790	365	425	0.6	0.6	0.7
Russian	200	90	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	755	355	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bosnian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	315	160	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	495	210	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	285	110	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,220	1,540	1,680	2.5	2.4	2.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,075	970	1,105	1.6	1.5	1.7
German	2,075	970	1,105	1.6	1.5	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,175	580	600	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afrikaans	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	270	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	725	355	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	230	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,685	1,385	1,300	2.1	2.1	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,475	1,250	1,220	1.9	1.9	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	155	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	855	430	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,325	700	630	1.0	1.1	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	790	410	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	245	150	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	150	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,455	3,240	3,220	5.0	5.0	4.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,295	1,650	1,650	2.5	2.6	2.5
Portuguese	1,120	585	540	0.9	0.9	0.8
Romanian	545	240	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	1,725	875	850	1.3	1.4	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	155	45	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	150	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,260	590	670	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	1,200	565	630	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	940	435	510	0.7	0.7	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
S'gaw Karen	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	490	260	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	410	210	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,670	64,540	65,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,215	1,930	2,290	3.3	3.0	3.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,995	1,865	2,130	3.1	2.9	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,600	745	850	1.2	1.2	1.3
Métis	2,380	1,110	1,270	1.8	1.7	1.9
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	125,455	62,615	62,845	96.7	97.0	96.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,670	64,540	65,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	765	365	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	128,900	64,175	64,725	99.4	99.4	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	43,175	...	...	87.9	...	...
Renter	5,930	...	...	12.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,065	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not condominium	47,045	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,220	...	...	4.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,805	...	...	17.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	21,795	...	...	44.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,195	...	...	33.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,210	...	...	10.6	...	...
5 rooms	6,100	...	...	12.4	...	...
6 rooms	7,470	...	...	15.2	...	...
7 rooms	7,885	...	...	16.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	22,445	...	...	45.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,685	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	425	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,745	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,365	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,080	...	...	22.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,245	...	...	24.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,360	...	...	8.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,195	...	...	16.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,080	...	...	8.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,450	...	...	5.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,730	...	...	5.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,960	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,850	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,255	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,390	...	...	43.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,415	...	...	53.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,300	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,400	...	...	9.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,950	...	...	16.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,925	...	...	20.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,190	...	...	22.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,065	...	...	18.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,670	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,555	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,640	...	...	88.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,665	...	...	11.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,170	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,775	...	...	17.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,235	...	...	10.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,195	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,840	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	330	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,340	...	...	82.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,850	...	...	3.9	...	...
Not in core need	45,955	...	...	96.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	42,435	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.5	...	...	58.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,364	...	...	1,364	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	542,500	...	...	542,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.3	...	...	31.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,131	...	...	1,131	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	129,670	64,540	65,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	825	405	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	815	400	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	410	220	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	400	180	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,755	2,240	2,515	3.7	3.5	3.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,650	2,200	2,455	3.6	3.4	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,895	1,360	1,535	2.2	2.1	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,695	825	870	1.3	1.3	1.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	124,090	61,895	62,195	95.7	95.9	95.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	129,670	64,540	65,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	126,080	63,005	63,075	97.2	97.6	96.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,775	13,790	12,985	20.6	21.4	19.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	99,310	49,215	50,095	76.6	76.3	76.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,585	1,535	2,050	2.8	2.4	3.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	129,670	64,540	65,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	112,050	56,180	55,870	86.4	87.0	85.8
Immigrants⁸¹	17,215	8,155	9,060	13.3	12.6	13.9
Before 1980	6,320	3,085	3,235	4.9	4.8	5.0
1980 to 1990	2,235	1,025	1,210	1.7	1.6	1.9
1991 to 2000	2,725	1,265	1,460	2.1	2.0	2.2
2001 to 2010	2,810	1,245	1,570	2.2	1.9	2.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,130	1,540	1,590	2.4	2.4	2.4
2011 to 2015	1,685	845	840	1.3	1.3	1.3
2016 to 2021	1,445	695	755	1.1	1.1	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	405	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	17,215	8,160	9,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,235	1,140	1,095	13.0	14.0	12.1
5 to 14 years	3,770	1,955	1,820	21.9	24.0	20.1
15 to 24 years	3,960	1,675	2,285	23.0	20.5	25.2
25 to 44 years	6,145	2,925	3,220	35.7	35.8	35.5
45 years and over	1,100	460	640	6.4	5.6	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	17,215	8,160	9,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,870	1,610	2,260	22.5	19.7	24.9
Brazil	75	20	50	0.4	0.2	0.6
Colombia	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
El Salvador	65	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Guyana	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mexico	1,010	490	520	5.9	6.0	5.7
Peru	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
United States of America	2,010	745	1,270	11.7	9.1	14.0
Other places of birth in Americas	420	180	240	2.4	2.2	2.6
Europe	7,290	3,505	3,780	42.3	43.0	41.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75	45	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Croatia	230	125	105	1.3	1.5	1.2
France	100	50	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Germany	415	170	240	2.4	2.1	2.6
Greece	120	70	45	0.7	0.9	0.5
Hungary	110	55	65	0.6	0.7	0.7
Italy	1,455	760	695	8.5	9.3	7.7
Netherlands	310	195	120	1.8	2.4	1.3
Poland	520	225	295	3.0	2.8	3.3
Portugal	570	285	280	3.3	3.5	3.1
Romania	420	195	230	2.4	2.4	2.5
Russian Federation	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	255	85	175	1.5	1.0	1.9
Ukraine	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,800	820	975	10.5	10.0	10.8
Other places of birth in Europe	775	390	385	4.5	4.8	4.2
Africa	620	370	250	3.6	4.5	2.8
Algeria	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	110	65	45	0.6	0.8	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	60	20	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	320	185	135	1.9	2.3	1.5
Asia	5,385	2,630	2,760	31.3	32.2	30.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	120	70	50	0.7	0.9	0.6
Iraq	495	250	240	2.9	3.1	2.6
Lebanon	515	260	255	3.0	3.2	2.8
Syria⁸⁹	80	40	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Turkey	75	40	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
China⁹⁰	700	300	400	4.1	3.7	4.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	125	70	55	0.7	0.9	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	155	90	70	0.9	1.1	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	370	150	215	2.1	1.8	2.4
Viet Nam	150	60	85	0.9	0.7	0.9
Bangladesh	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
India	1,245	645	595	7.2	7.9	6.6
Pakistan	505	240	265	2.9	2.9	2.9
Sri Lanka	80	30	50	0.5	0.4	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	730	350	380	4.2	4.3	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	45	10	0.3	0.6	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,450	695	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	510	235	275	35.2	33.8	36.4
Brazil	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	170	85	85	11.7	12.2	11.3
United States of America	265	115	150	18.3	16.5	19.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	30	25	3.8	4.3	3.3
Europe	150	85	65	10.3	12.2	8.6
France	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	0	1.7	2.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	100	55	45	6.9	7.9	6.0
Africa	75	35	40	5.2	5.0	5.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	20	20	2.8	2.9	2.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	710	335	375	49.0	48.2	49.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	130	50	85	9.0	7.2	11.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	325	175	155	22.4	25.2	20.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	40	20	20	2.8	2.9	2.6
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Lebanon	25	10	20	1.7	1.4	2.6
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	35	15	25	2.4	2.2	3.3
Philippines	15	0	15	1.0	0.0	2.0
Saudi Arabia	30	25	0	2.1	3.6	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	10	1.7	2.2	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	25	10	15	1.7	1.4	2.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	15	1.7	0.0	2.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	129,670	64,545	65,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,160	9,130	10,025	14.8	14.1	15.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	25,230	12,610	12,620	19.5	19.5	19.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,280	42,800	42,485	65.8	66.3	65.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,895	5,070	5,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,530	2,325	2,200	41.6	45.9	37.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,660	1,245	415	15.2	24.6	7.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,865	1,080	1,785	26.3	21.3	30.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,150	1,610	2,535	38.1	31.8	43.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,890	980	910	17.3	19.3	15.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	330	155	175	3.0	3.1	3.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,895	5,070	5,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	795	385	405	7.3	7.6	7.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,010	565	450	9.3	11.1	7.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	365	195	170	3.4	3.8	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	490	255	230	4.5	5.0	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	150	60	85	1.4	1.2	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,095	3,605	4,485	74.3	71.1	77.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	129,670	64,540	65,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,560	6,300	6,260	9.7	9.8	9.6
South Asian	3,340	1,690	1,645	2.6	2.6	2.5
Chinese	1,495	720	780	1.2	1.1	1.2
Black	1,790	935	855	1.4	1.4	1.3
Filipino	690	310	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
Arab	2,340	1,210	1,130	1.8	1.9	1.7
Latin American	805	405	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	700	310	395	0.5	0.5	0.6
West Asian	430	210	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	210	130	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Japanese	115	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	440	220	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	117,110	58,240	58,865	90.3	90.2	90.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	129,670	64,540	65,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,560	10,460	10,100	15.9	16.2	15.5
English	29,730	14,315	15,420	22.9	22.2	23.7
Irish	22,520	10,820	11,700	17.4	16.8	18.0
Scottish	19,110	9,260	9,850	14.7	14.3	15.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	31,115	15,415	15,700	24.0	23.9	24.1
German	15,410	7,545	7,865	11.9	11.7	12.1
Chinese	1,500	705	795	1.2	1.1	1.2
Italian	13,260	6,815	6,450	10.2	10.6	9.9
Indian (India)	1,685	840	840	1.3	1.3	1.3
Ukrainian	3,550	1,845	1,705	2.7	2.9	2.6
Dutch	4,700	2,390	2,310	3.6	3.7	3.5
Polish	5,080	2,405	2,680	3.9	3.7	4.1
Québécois	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,740	1,850	1,885	2.9	2.9	2.9
Filipino	745	325	425	0.6	0.5	0.7
French Canadian	4,620	2,310	2,305	3.6	3.6	3.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,165	1,100	1,065	1.7	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,750	790	965	1.3	1.2	1.5
Métis	2,210	1,055	1,160	1.7	1.6	1.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,430	695	735	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	1,545	700	845	1.2	1.1	1.3
Norwegian	560	260	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Welsh	1,790	935	855	1.4	1.4	1.3
Portuguese	2,305	1,165	1,135	1.8	1.8	1.7
American	2,015	975	1,035	1.6	1.5	1.6
Spanish	870	415	460	0.7	0.6	0.7
Swedish	525	260	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungarian	3,165	1,550	1,610	2.4	2.4	2.5
Acadian	190	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	745	410	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	550	280	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	405	210	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	375	155	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	825	420	410	0.6	0.7	0.6
Greek	755	400	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaican	245	85	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	265	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	215	130	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	1,640	800	835	1.3	1.2	1.3
Lebanese	2,390	1,245	1,150	1.8	1.9	1.8
Iranian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	725	340	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Danish	390	170	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	760	355	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	280	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	655	305	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	1,715	810	905	1.3	1.3	1.4
Haitian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	1,020	505	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mennonite	1,380	680	700	1.1	1.1	1.1
Swiss	325	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	455	255	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lankan	145	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	885	410	475	0.7	0.6	0.7
Japanese	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	310	175	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	270	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	545	265	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	240	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	925	430	495	0.7	0.7	0.8
Ojibway	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	640	310	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian	75	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	180	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algerian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovak	1,045	525	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	415	220	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Salvadorean	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	310	150	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	445	210	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Macedonian	680	340	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Slovenian	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	240	145	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Israeli	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	330	120	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	455	235	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	285	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sinhalese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	129,670	64,540	65,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	325	145	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	88,745	42,615	46,135	68.4	66.0	70.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,645	4,740	4,910	7.4	7.3	7.5
Anabaptist	1,190	575	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
Anglican	5,605	2,625	2,980	4.3	4.1	4.6
Baptist	2,095	970	1,125	1.6	1.5	1.7
Catholic	54,855	26,570	28,285	42.3	41.2	43.4
Christian Orthodox	1,890	930	965	1.5	1.4	1.5
Jehovah's Witness	425	195	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	185	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,230	600	625	0.9	0.9	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	215	90	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,685	740	940	1.3	1.1	1.4
Presbyterian	1,340	600	735	1.0	0.9	1.1
Reformed	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	5,320	2,440	2,890	4.1	3.8	4.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,815	1,310	1,505	2.2	2.0	2.3
Hindu	780	415	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	3,045	1,560	1,490	2.3	2.4	2.3
Sikh	965	480	480	0.7	0.7	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	375	145	230	0.3	0.2	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	35,270	19,115	16,155	27.2	29.6	24.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	128,480	63,960	64,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	118,215	58,920	59,290	92.0	92.1	91.9
Movers	10,270	5,045	5,225	8.0	7.9	8.1
Non-migrants	4,770	2,275	2,500	3.7	3.6	3.9
Migrants	5,500	2,770	2,730	4.3	4.3	4.2
Internal migrants	5,270	2,640	2,625	4.1	4.1	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	5,020	2,520	2,500	3.9	3.9	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	235	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	123,330	61,380	61,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	83,140	41,510	41,630	67.4	67.6	67.2
Movers	40,195	19,870	20,325	32.6	32.4	32.8
Non-migrants	12,080	6,050	6,030	9.8	9.9	9.7
Migrants	28,110	13,815	14,290	22.8	22.5	23.1
Internal migrants	26,360	12,965	13,395	21.4	21.1	21.6
Intraprovincial migrants	25,180	12,350	12,830	20.4	20.1	20.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,180	620	555	1.0	1.0	0.9
External migrants	1,750	850	905	1.4	1.4	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,630	53,185	54,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,875	9,610	8,270	16.6	18.1	15.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	89,750	43,570	46,175	83.4	81.9	84.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,000	32,935	34,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,610	3,280	2,330	8.4	10.0	6.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,390	29,655	31,740	91.6	90.0	93.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,625	53,180	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,275	8,570	7,705	15.1	16.1	14.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,420	16,540	16,880	31.1	31.1	31.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,930	28,075	29,860	53.8	52.8	54.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,920	17,950	16,970	32.4	33.8	31.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,640	5,880	1,755	7.1	11.1	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,945	1,850	1,100	2.7	3.5	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,695	4,035	655	4.4	7.6	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,660	11,360	14,295	23.8	21.4	26.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,620	705	915	1.5	1.3	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,015	10,120	12,890	21.4	19.0	23.7
Bachelor's degree	15,940	6,865	9,075	14.8	12.9	16.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,590	535	1,060	1.5	1.0	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	680	375	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	4,045	1,870	2,185	3.8	3.5	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	750	480	270	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,005	32,935	34,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,950	2,855	2,095	7.4	8.7	6.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,440	9,600	8,840	27.5	29.1	25.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,610	20,480	23,130	65.1	62.2	67.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,625	12,950	12,675	38.2	39.3	37.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,060	3,935	1,125	7.6	11.9	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,825	1,185	635	2.7	3.6	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,240	2,750	490	4.8	8.3	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,460	8,500	10,960	29.0	25.8	32.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,105	510	595	1.6	1.5	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,985	7,530	10,455	26.8	22.9	30.7
Bachelor's degree	12,390	5,180	7,210	18.5	15.7	21.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,190	345	850	1.8	1.0	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	525	265	260	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	3,245	1,370	1,875	4.8	4.2	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	635	375	255	0.9	1.1	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	107,625	53,185	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,695	25,110	24,585	46.2	47.2	45.2
Education	3,995	935	3,065	3.7	1.8	5.6
13. Education	3,995	935	3,065	3.7	1.8	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,405	565	835	1.3	1.1	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,315	490	825	1.2	0.9	1.5
Humanities	1,990	775	1,215	1.8	1.5	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210	25	180	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	445	110	335	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	470	210	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	145	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	285	170	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	180	35	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,565	1,795	4,775	6.1	3.4	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	755	305	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,600	105	1,495	1.5	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	805	205	600	0.7	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,385	350	1,040	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,920	810	1,110	1.8	1.5	2.0
Business, management and public administration	10,195	4,050	6,150	9.5	7.6	11.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,125	210	915	1.0	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,060	3,825	5,235	8.4	7.2	9.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,855	895	965	1.7	1.7	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	815	330	485	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	465	235	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	425	285	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	35	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,775	1,190	585	1.6	2.2	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,365	1,000	360	1.3	1.9	0.7
25. Library science	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	280	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,330	13,425	905	13.3	25.2	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	340	250	90	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	2,365	2,010	355	2.2	3.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,070	2,810	265	2.9	5.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,480	2,445	40	2.3	4.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,725	2,670	55	2.5	5.0	0.1
48. Precision production	3,340	3,240	100	3.1	6.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,245	740	500	1.2	1.4	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	935	530	400	0.9	1.0	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	310	210	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	10,465	1,770	8,695	9.7	3.3	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	785	370	410	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,520	1,320	8,200	8.8	2.5	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,090	1,925	2,165	3.8	3.6	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,060	335	1,720	1.9	0.6	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,505	1,075	430	1.4	2.0	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	520	500	20	0.5	0.9	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,000	32,935	34,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,395	12,455	10,940	34.9	37.8	32.1
Education	2,745	525	2,220	4.1	1.6	6.5
13. Education	2,745	525	2,220	4.1	1.6	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,105	410	695	1.6	1.2	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,045	365	675	1.6	1.1	2.0
Humanities	1,355	510	840	2.0	1.5	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	175	15	160	0.3	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	275	80	200	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	155	190	0.5	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	200	120	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	30	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,215	1,325	3,890	7.8	4.0	11.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	655	250	405	1.0	0.8	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,300	75	1,225	1.9	0.2	3.6
22. Legal professions and studies	650	150	500	1.0	0.5	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,070	245	820	1.6	0.7	2.4
45. Social sciences	1,465	590	875	2.2	1.8	2.6
Business, management and public administration	8,000	3,090	4,910	11.9	9.4	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	930	155	770	1.4	0.5	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,060	2,920	4,140	10.5	8.9	12.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,315	580	735	2.0	1.8	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	605	230	370	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	160	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	275	160	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,345	940	400	2.0	2.9	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,115	850	265	1.7	2.6	0.8
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,525	9,740	785	15.7	29.6	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	275	200	80	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	1,955	1,635	315	2.9	5.0	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,245	2,020	225	3.4	6.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,705	1,665	40	2.5	5.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,835	1,790	45	2.7	5.4	0.1
48. Precision production	2,510	2,425	85	3.7	7.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	905	505	405	1.4	1.5	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	660	350	315	1.0	1.1	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	155	85	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	7,890	1,360	6,530	11.8	4.1	19.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	545	255	285	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,210	1,035	6,175	10.8	3.1	18.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,210	1,495	1,715	4.8	4.5	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,600	260	1,340	2.4	0.8	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,230	860	365	1.8	2.6	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	375	370	15	0.6	1.1	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	67,000	32,935	34,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,395	12,455	10,940	34.9	37.8	32.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,605	20,475	23,135	65.1	62.2	67.9
Location of study inside Canada	38,860	18,180	20,680	58.0	55.2	60.7
Same as province or territory of residence	37,780	17,610	20,165	56.4	53.5	59.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,085	570	510	1.6	1.7	1.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,750	2,295	2,455	7.1	7.0	7.2
Americas	2,405	1,190	1,220	3.6	3.6	3.6
United States of America	2,210	1,100	1,110	3.3	3.3	3.3
Mexico	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	810	405	405	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	240	140	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	45	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,295	580	715	1.9	1.8	2.1
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	150	55	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Viet Nam	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	415	195	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistan	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	95	50	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australia	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	107,625	53,185	54,445	...	...	...
In the labour force	67,330	35,425	31,905	...	...	...
Employed	59,025	31,250	27,775	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,310	4,175	4,130	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	40,295	17,755	22,545	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.6	66.6	58.6	62.6	66.6	58.6
Employment rate	54.8	58.8	51.0	54.8	58.8	51.0
Unemployment rate	12.3	11.8	12.9	12.3	11.8	12.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	107,625	53,185	54,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	39,680	17,370	22,310	36.9	32.7	41.0
Worked	67,945	35,810	32,140	63.1	67.3	59.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,625	21,015	15,610	34.0	39.5	28.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,325	14,800	16,520	29.1	27.8	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.8	40.9	41.9	42.8	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,335	35,430	31,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,295	575	720	1.9	1.6	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	66,040	34,855	31,185	98.1	98.4	97.7
Employee	57,885	29,730	28,155	86.0	83.9	88.2
Permanent position	51,340	26,525	24,820	76.2	74.9	77.8
Temporary position	6,540	3,205	3,340	9.7	9.0	10.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,945	830	1,115	2.9	2.3	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,595	2,375	2,220	6.8	6.7	7.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,150	5,125	3,030	12.1	14.5	9.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,335	35,430	31,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,295	575	720	1.9	1.6	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	66,040	34,855	31,185	98.1	98.4	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	735	525	205	1.1	1.5	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,490	2,415	7,080	14.1	6.8	22.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,760	3,880	880	7.1	11.0	2.8
3 Health occupations	6,040	1,005	5,035	9.0	2.8	15.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,685	2,360	5,325	11.4	6.7	16.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,165	545	615	1.7	1.5	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	14,490	5,940	8,555	21.5	16.8	26.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,490	12,345	1,145	20.0	34.8	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,180	1,655	525	3.2	4.7	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,000	4,175	1,825	8.9	11.8	5.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,335	35,430	31,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,295	575	720	1.9	1.6	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	66,040	34,855	31,185	98.1	98.4	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,435	1,435	1,005	3.6	4.1	3.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	370	350	20	0.5	1.0	0.1
22 Utilities	560	470	85	0.8	1.3	0.3
23 Construction	5,165	4,545	620	7.7	12.8	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	12,755	9,510	3,245	18.9	26.8	10.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,680	1,190	490	2.5	3.4	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	6,620	2,990	3,625	9.8	8.4	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,915	2,025	890	4.3	5.7	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	530	270	260	0.8	0.8	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,015	775	1,240	3.0	2.2	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	865	430	435	1.3	1.2	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,455	1,920	1,535	5.1	5.4	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,135	1,270	870	3.2	3.6	2.7
61 Educational services	5,325	1,405	3,920	7.9	4.0	12.3
62 Health care and social assistance	8,735	1,305	7,425	13.0	3.7	23.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,370	755	620	2.0	2.1	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,450	1,285	2,165	5.1	3.6	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,555	1,285	1,275	3.8	3.6	4.0
91 Public administration	3,005	1,600	1,405	4.5	4.5	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,175	37,865	34,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,400	36,820	32,580	96.2	97.2	95.0
French	585	130	455	0.8	0.3	1.3
Non-official language	170	125	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	170	125	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	1,130	355	775	1.6	0.9	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	855	425	425	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,175	37,865	34,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	71,865	37,765	34,100	99.6	99.7	99.4
Official languages	71,520	37,555	33,965	99.1	99.2	99.0
English	70,685	37,375	33,310	97.9	98.7	97.1
French	830	180	660	1.1	0.5	1.9
Non-official languages	340	205	135	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	340	205	135	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	215	155	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	75	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	65	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	310	100	210	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and French	180	55	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,175	37,865	34,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,455	37,165	33,290	97.6	98.2	97.0
English	400	125	275	0.6	0.3	0.8
French	705	255	445	1.0	0.7	1.3
Non-official language	535	270	265	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	535	270	265	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,020	31,250	27,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,795	4,290	5,505	16.6	13.7	19.8
Worked outside Canada	1,750	1,010	740	3.0	3.2	2.7
No fixed workplace address	6,565	4,850	1,715	11.1	15.5	6.2
Usual place of work	40,915	21,110	19,810	69.3	67.6	71.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	40,915	21,105	19,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,330	5,380	5,950	27.7	25.5	30.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	28,040	14,860	13,180	68.5	70.4	66.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,475	820	660	3.6	3.9	3.3
Commute to a different province or territory	70	50	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,475	25,950	21,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	45,730	25,045	20,690	96.3	96.5	96.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,170	23,820	19,350	90.9	91.8	89.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,565	1,225	1,335	5.4	4.7	6.2
Public transit	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Walked	885	455	430	1.9	1.8	2.0
Bicycle	185	135	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	615	290	325	1.3	1.1	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,475	25,950	21,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,365	6,610	6,755	28.2	25.5	31.4
15 to 29 minutes	20,365	11,315	9,055	42.9	43.6	42.1
30 to 44 minutes	10,840	6,370	4,465	22.8	24.5	20.7
45 to 59 minutes	2,185	1,165	1,020	4.6	4.5	4.7
60 minutes and over	725	495	230	1.5	1.9	1.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,475	25,950	21,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,255	3,050	1,205	9.0	11.8	5.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,010	6,890	3,120	21.1	26.6	14.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,380	6,505	5,870	26.1	25.1	27.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,615	3,510	5,110	18.1	13.5	23.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,635	1,800	2,835	9.8	6.9	13.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,585	4,200	3,380	16.0	16.2	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	27,820	14,345	13,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,765	2,910	2,855	20.7	20.3	21.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,055	11,440	10,615	79.3	79.7	78.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,945	10,845	10,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,430	2,235	2,195	21.2	20.6	21.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,170	1,540	1,630	15.1	14.2	16.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,260	695	565	6.0	6.4	5.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,515	8,615	7,900	78.8	79.4	78.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 22, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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