Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sarnia--Lambton--BkejwanongMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	128,155	63,175	64,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,715	10,045	9,665	15.4	15.9	14.9
0 to 4 years	6,260	3,245	3,015	4.9	5.1	4.6
5 to 9 years	6,510	3,270	3,240	5.1	5.2	5.0
10 to 14 years	6,945	3,535	3,410	5.4	5.6	5.2
15 to 64 years	76,990	38,435	38,555	60.1	60.8	59.3
15 to 19 years	6,530	3,345	3,180	5.1	5.3	4.9
20 to 24 years	6,600	3,430	3,170	5.2	5.4	4.9
25 to 29 years	7,410	3,915	3,500	5.8	6.2	5.4
30 to 34 years	7,515	3,850	3,670	5.9	6.1	5.6
35 to 39 years	7,315	3,640	3,670	5.7	5.8	5.6
40 to 44 years	6,935	3,440	3,490	5.4	5.4	5.4
45 to 49 years	6,925	3,415	3,505	5.4	5.4	5.4
50 to 54 years	7,500	3,730	3,775	5.9	5.9	5.8
55 to 59 years	9,525	4,475	5,050	7.4	7.1	7.8
60 to 64 years	10,735	5,180	5,555	8.4	8.2	8.5
65 years and over	31,450	14,690	16,765	24.5	23.3	25.8
65 to 69 years	10,000	4,840	5,160	7.8	7.7	7.9
70 to 74 years	8,275	4,045	4,235	6.5	6.4	6.5
75 to 79 years	5,785	2,755	3,030	4.5	4.4	4.7
80 to 84 years	3,650	1,615	2,030	2.8	2.6	3.1
85 years and over	3,745	1,430	2,310	2.9	2.3	3.6
85 to 89 years	2,335	970	1,365	1.8	1.5	2.1
90 to 94 years	1,090	385	705	0.9	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	290	75	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	15.9	14.9	15.4	15.9	14.9
15 to 64 years	60.1	60.8	59.3	60.1	60.8	59.3
65 years and over	24.5	23.3	25.8	24.5	23.3	25.8
85 years and over	2.9	2.3	3.6	2.9	2.3	3.6
Average age of the population	44.7	43.7	45.7	44.7	43.7	45.7
Median age of the population	46.4	44.8	48.0	46.4	44.8	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	41,905	...	...	75.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,530	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	2,525	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	915	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,035	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,995	...	...	7.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	185	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,630	...	...	30.1	...	...
2 persons	21,375	...	...	38.7	...	...
3 persons	7,320	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	6,350	...	...	11.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,540	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	126,045	62,245	63,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	108,440	53,125	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	64,375	32,200	32,175	59.4	60.6	58.2
Married	53,535	26,795	26,740	49.4	50.4	48.3
Living common-law	10,840	5,405	5,430	10.0	10.2	9.8
Living common law - Never married	6,950	3,495	3,450	6.4	6.6	6.2
Living common law - Separated	780	390	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,655	1,340	1,320	2.4	2.5	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	455	175	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	44,065	20,925	23,140	40.6	39.4	41.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,280	14,760	11,525	24.2	27.8	20.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,425	1,570	1,850	3.2	3.0	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,800	2,905	3,890	6.3	5.5	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,560	1,695	5,870	7.0	3.2	10.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	37,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	21,660	...	...	57.9	...	...
3 persons	6,960	...	...	18.6	...	...
4 persons	5,920	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,830	...	...	7.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	37,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,590	...	...	84.5	...	...
Married couples	26,170	...	...	70.0	...	...
With children⁶	11,245	...	...	30.1	...	...
Without children	14,920	...	...	39.9	...	...
Common-law couples	5,420	...	...	14.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,145	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	3,275	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,795	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,350	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,440	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	126,050	62,245	63,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	103,150	51,175	51,975	81.8	82.2	81.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	63,175	31,535	31,640	50.1	50.7	49.6
Parents in one-parent families	5,790	1,440	4,350	4.6	2.3	6.8
Children⁶	34,180	18,200	15,990	27.1	29.2	25.1
In a two-parent family	25,160	13,320	11,835	20.0	21.4	18.6
In a one-parent family	9,025	4,875	4,150	7.2	7.8	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,900	11,075	11,825	18.2	17.8	18.5
Living alone	16,630	7,645	8,985	13.2	12.3	14.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,150	960	1,190	1.7	1.5	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	4,120	2,465	1,650	3.3	4.0	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,510	...	...	62.5	...	...
Couple-family households	29,825	...	...	54.0	...	...
With children⁶	12,595	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	17,230	...	...	31.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,690	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	890	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,230	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,785	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	16,630	...	...	30.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	106,360	52,210	54,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,165	50,635	52,530	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	52,400	35,200	42,400	52,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,195	50,650	52,540	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	32,000	38,000	46,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,180	46,345	45,835	86.7	88.8	84.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	46,400	25,400	35,200	46,400	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,705	38,205	32,500	66.5	73.2	60.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,800	27,200	33,200	40,800	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,340	45,870	48,470	88.7	87.9	89.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,900	9,600	12,000	10,900	9,600	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,945	5,780	5,160	10.3	11.1	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,640	5,480	5,560	5,640	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,600	12,565	13,040	24.1	24.1	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	106,380	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,995	50,440	52,555	96.8	96.6	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,550	66,500	43,000	54,550	66,500	43,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,000	50,445	52,555	96.8	96.7	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,520	54,200	37,200	45,520	54,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,895	46,125	45,770	86.4	88.4	84.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,320	62,300	36,200	49,320	62,300	36,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,705	38,020	32,685	66.5	72.8	60.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,480	56,900	36,480	47,480	56,900	36,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,225	45,695	48,525	88.6	87.6	89.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,520	10,550	12,430	11,520	10,550	12,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,580	5,455	5,130	9.9	10.5	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700	6,440	6,990	6,700	6,440	6,990
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,280	12,375	12,910	23.8	23.7	23.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,580	8,280	8,860	8,580	8,280	8,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	106,380	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,755	17,245	12,515	28.0	33.0	23.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	76,500	54,400	65,500	76,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,400	91,500	62,750	79,400	91,500	62,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,035	13,205	14,825	26.4	25.3	27.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	25,000	15,900	19,200	25,000	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,560	37,160	22,760	29,560	37,160	22,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	85.6	73.4	80.6	85.6	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.8	64.4	52.7	59.8	64.4	52.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.3	14.4	26.7	19.3	14.4	26.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.4	6.2	4.5	3.4	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.1	5.1	3.9	3.1	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	106,360	52,210	54,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,195	1,580	1,620	3.0	3.0	3.0
With total income	103,165	50,635	52,530	97.0	97.0	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,040	3,125	4,910	7.8	6.2	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,605	4,625	7,980	12.2	9.1	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	15,065	5,820	9,250	14.6	11.5	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	13,125	5,255	7,870	12.7	10.4	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	11,595	5,320	6,275	11.2	10.5	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,625	4,725	4,900	9.3	9.3	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,585	4,285	3,300	7.4	8.5	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,780	3,430	2,345	5.6	6.8	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,175	2,765	1,410	4.0	5.5	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,445	2,125	1,320	3.3	4.2	2.5
$100,000 and over	12,130	9,160	2,965	11.8	18.1	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	7,740	5,590	2,145	7.5	11.0	4.1
$150,000 and over	4,390	3,570	820	4.3	7.1	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	106,360	52,210	54,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,170	1,565	1,605	3.0	3.0	3.0
With after-tax income	103,195	50,645	52,540	97.0	97.0	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,790	3,260	5,535	8.5	6.4	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	13,100	4,850	8,245	12.7	9.6	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	17,040	6,620	10,420	16.5	13.1	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	15,280	6,490	8,790	14.8	12.8	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	13,275	6,425	6,845	12.9	12.7	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	10,325	5,630	4,695	10.0	11.1	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,280	4,425	2,855	7.0	8.7	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,125	3,320	1,805	5.0	6.6	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,920	2,545	1,370	3.8	5.0	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,435	1,770	670	2.4	3.5	1.3
$100,000 and over	6,625	5,315	1,310	6.4	10.5	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,590	2,865	720	3.5	5.7	1.4
$125,000 and over	3,035	2,450	590	2.9	4.8	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	106,360	52,210	54,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	35,660	14,010	21,650	33.5	26.8	40.0
With employment income	70,700	38,205	32,500	66.5	73.2	60.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,095	7,470	5,625	18.5	19.6	17.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,400	2,215	3,180	7.6	5.8	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,355	3,580	4,775	11.8	9.4	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,460	2,780	3,680	9.1	7.3	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,260	2,860	3,400	8.9	7.5	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,815	2,735	3,080	8.2	7.1	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,625	2,385	2,235	6.5	6.3	6.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,955	2,280	1,675	5.6	6.0	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,985	1,815	1,175	4.2	4.7	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	1,595	775	3.4	4.2	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,435	1,410	1,025	3.4	3.7	3.2
$100,000 and over	8,950	7,075	1,875	12.7	18.5	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,570	2,555	1,015	5.0	6.7	3.1
$125,000 and over	5,380	4,525	860	7.6	11.8	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	106,360	52,210	54,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,530	49,780	51,745	95.5	95.3	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	52,800	32,400	40,800	52,800	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,645	49,785	51,855	95.6	95.4	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	46,400	29,800	36,800	46,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,395	45,850	45,545	85.9	87.8	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	49,600	27,400	37,200	49,600	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,450	38,470	32,980	67.2	73.7	60.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	44,800	29,000	35,600	44,800	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,930	43,765	46,165	84.6	83.8	85.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	3,640	8,200	6,650	3,640	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,120	4,930	4,190	8.6	9.4	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	4,920	5,560	5,160	4,920	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	106,380	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,365	49,560	51,800	95.3	95.0	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,900	67,700	40,720	53,900	67,700	40,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,450	49,565	51,885	95.4	95.0	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,480	54,350	35,040	44,480	54,350	35,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,115	45,515	45,595	85.7	87.2	84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,400	66,200	36,680	51,400	66,200	36,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,445	38,195	33,250	67.2	73.2	61.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,760	60,950	36,920	49,760	60,950	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,875	43,665	46,205	84.5	83.7	85.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,660	7,790	9,480	8,660	7,790	9,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,735	4,720	4,020	8.2	9.0	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,580	5,780	7,510	6,580	5,780	7,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	106,380	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,645	17,180	12,465	27.9	32.9	23.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	75,500	50,800	63,200	75,500	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,600	90,900	59,300	77,600	90,900	59,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,640	12,495	14,145	25.0	23.9	26.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	35,200	20,200	25,200	35,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,240	48,800	27,040	37,240	48,800	27,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	89.8	79.2	85.8	89.8	79.2
Employment income (%)	65.0	69.4	58.2	65.0	69.4	58.2
Government transfers (%)	14.2	10.1	20.8	14.2	10.1	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	55,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	55,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,100	...	...	53,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,000	...	...	45,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,600	...	...	122,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	700	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,110	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,990	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,925	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,855	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,070	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,130	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,085	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,105	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,010	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,935	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,615	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,325	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,695	...	...	39.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,425	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,705	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,485	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,075	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	460	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	725	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,140	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,120	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,260	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,175	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,370	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,520	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,415	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,860	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,885	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,385	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,160	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,425	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,020	...	...	30.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,555	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,220	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,250	...	...	11.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,750	10,110	10,635	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	42,800	36,800	39,200	42,800	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,400	34,000	35,600	38,400	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,305	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	122,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,000	...	...	161,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,700	...	...	68,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,745	10,025	10,720	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,880	53,600	46,400	49,880	53,600	46,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,520	44,720	40,480	42,520	44,720	40,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	126,050	62,245	63,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,630	12,075	11,555	18.7	19.4	18.1
0 to 5 years	7,590	3,915	3,670	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	72,390	35,985	36,410	57.4	57.8	57.1
65 years and over	30,025	14,185	15,840	23.8	22.8	24.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,470	5,640	6,830	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,540	1,275	1,265	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	890	450	435	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,860	3,285	3,575	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,070	1,080	1,990	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.9	9.1	10.7	9.9	9.1	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.6	10.9	10.7	10.6	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7	11.5	12.0	11.7	11.5	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.1	9.8	9.5	9.1	9.8
65 years and over (%)	10.2	7.6	12.6	10.2	7.6	12.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	124,175	61,300	62,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,190	11,840	11,350	18.7	19.3	18.1
0 to 5 years	7,470	3,850	3,620	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	71,305	35,450	35,860	57.4	57.8	57.0
65 years and over	29,675	14,015	15,660	23.9	22.9	24.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,210	2,240	1,965	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	530	265	265	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	65	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,290	1,810	1,480	...	...	...
65 years and over	390	160	225	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.7	3.1	3.4	3.7	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	1.8	2.4	2.1	1.8	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.1	4.1	4.6	5.1	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	126,045	62,245	63,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	60,680	28,870	31,805	48.1	46.4	49.9
In bottom decile	11,115	5,360	5,760	8.8	8.6	9.0
In second decile	12,040	5,305	6,735	9.6	8.5	10.6
In third decile	12,335	5,850	6,480	9.8	9.4	10.2
In fourth decile	12,440	6,070	6,370	9.9	9.8	10.0
In fifth decile	12,745	6,285	6,465	10.1	10.1	10.1
In top half of the distribution	65,365	33,375	31,995	51.9	53.6	50.1
In sixth decile	12,725	6,400	6,325	10.1	10.3	9.9
In seventh decile	13,310	6,705	6,605	10.6	10.8	10.4
In eighth decile	13,365	6,875	6,490	10.6	11.0	10.2
In ninth decile	13,440	6,910	6,530	10.7	11.1	10.2
In top decile	12,525	6,480	6,050	9.9	10.4	9.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	126,045	...	...	126,045	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	126,890	62,640	64,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	118,625	59,040	59,580	93.5	94.3	92.7
French only	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	7,830	3,390	4,440	6.2	5.4	6.9
Neither English nor French	375	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	126,890	62,640	64,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	124,475	61,515	62,960	98.1	98.2	98.0
French	1,885	885	1,005	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	345	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	126,890	62,640	64,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	125,110	61,790	63,320	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	116,890	57,745	59,145	92.1	92.2	92.1
English	114,845	56,780	58,060	90.5	90.6	90.4
French	2,050	960	1,085	1.6	1.5	1.7
Non-official languages	8,225	4,045	4,175	6.5	6.5	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,170	4,025	4,145	6.4	6.4	6.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	345	195	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	335	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	290	165	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	305	125	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	240	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	335	200	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,275	3,085	3,190	4.9	4.9	5.0
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	880	400	485	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	855	390	470	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	330	140	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,980	940	1,045	1.6	1.5	1.6
Frisian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	600	280	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	585	270	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,310	620	690	1.0	1.0	1.1
Afrikaans	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	1,110	525	585	0.9	0.8	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,145	635	510	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,045	585	465	0.8	0.9	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	315	180	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	205	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	140	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,055	1,005	1,050	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	835	410	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	485	230	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	670	340	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	195	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,780	850	925	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	610	285	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,020	500	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	126,890	62,640	64,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	118,420	58,655	59,765	93.3	93.6	93.0
French	310	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	1,500	735	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,490	730	760	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	1,275	525	750	1.0	0.8	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	5,015	2,425	2,585	4.0	3.9	4.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	230	90	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	126,890	62,640	64,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	125,680	62,070	63,605	99.0	99.1	99.0
Official languages	122,675	60,605	62,070	96.7	96.8	96.6
English	122,240	60,410	61,830	96.3	96.4	96.2
French	435	195	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	3,010	1,470	1,540	2.4	2.3	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,975	1,450	1,525	2.3	2.3	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,045	985	1,065	1.6	1.6	1.7
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	695	365	325	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	635	335	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	95	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	775	355	420	0.6	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	225	90	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	355	185	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,205	565	635	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	215	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	960	455	505	0.8	0.7	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	126,890	62,640	64,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	121,220	59,995	61,230	95.5	95.8	95.3
English	1,260	585	670	1.0	0.9	1.0
French	980	400	585	0.8	0.6	0.9
Non-official language	2,755	1,320	1,435	2.2	2.1	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	195	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,560	1,240	1,315	2.0	2.0	2.0
English and French	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	215	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	126,050	62,265	63,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	125,555	62,010	63,540	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	125,515	61,995	63,515	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	7,840	3,465	4,370	6.2	5.6	6.9
Non-official languages	11,325	5,460	5,865	9.0	8.8	9.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	400	180	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	390	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	375	165	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	375	165	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	355	150	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,945	5,290	5,655	8.7	8.5	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	510	265	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	500	255	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	470	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	565	210	350	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	500	190	310	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	385	250	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	260	160	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tamil	130	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,540	4,220	4,315	6.8	6.8	6.8
Albanian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	935	400	530	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baltic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	910	385	530	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	395	165	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,435	1,130	1,310	1.9	1.8	2.1
Frisian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	975	485	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	970	485	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,425	630	795	1.1	1.0	1.2
Afrikaans	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,200	520	685	1.0	0.8	1.1
Low German, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	240	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,610	890	720	1.3	1.4	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,480	825	655	1.2	1.3	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	450	245	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindi	930	540	385	0.7	0.9	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	280	160	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,475	1,725	1,750	2.8	2.8	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,205	590	615	1.0	0.9	1.0
Portuguese	680	340	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,640	805	835	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	425	195	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	410	190	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	310	125	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	126,045	62,265	63,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,035	3,035	2,995	4.8	4.9	4.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,775	2,945	2,835	4.6	4.7	4.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,300	2,130	2,170	3.4	3.4	3.4
Métis	1,455	795	655	1.2	1.3	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110	30	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	120,015	59,230	60,785	95.2	95.1	95.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	126,045	62,265	63,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,710	1,840	1,875	2.9	3.0	2.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	122,335	60,425	61,910	97.1	97.0	97.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	41,060	...	...	74.4	...	...
Renter	13,905	...	...	25.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	245	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,280	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not condominium	52,925	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	5,255	...	...	9.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,840	...	...	21.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,365	...	...	40.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,625	...	...	28.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,285	...	...	16.8	...	...
5 rooms	6,780	...	...	12.3	...	...
6 rooms	7,705	...	...	14.0	...	...
7 rooms	8,370	...	...	15.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	23,070	...	...	41.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	54,880	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	325	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,790	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,420	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,910	...	...	34.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,165	...	...	32.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,405	...	...	11.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,265	...	...	7.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,925	...	...	3.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,950	...	...	3.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,725	...	...	3.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,855	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	51,435	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,770	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,785	...	...	54.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,990	...	...	43.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,430	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,145	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,730	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,760	...	...	14.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,150	...	...	14.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,680	...	...	21.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,210	...	...	20.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,200	...	...	11.2	...	...
85 years and over	2,330	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,715	...	...	84.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,115	...	...	15.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,510	...	...	14.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,165	...	...	22.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,185	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,075	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,790	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	135	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	770	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,040	...	...	78.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	52,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,415	...	...	8.5	...	...
Not in core need	47,810	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,180	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.4	...	...	52.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,146	...	...	1,146	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	463,600	...	...	463,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,765	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.3	...	...	35.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.0	...	...	23.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,051	...	...	1,051	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	245	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	520	...	...	520	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	512	...	...	512	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	126,045	62,265	63,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,115	1,595	1,515	2.5	2.6	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,115	1,595	1,520	2.5	2.6	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,775	1,415	1,360	2.2	2.3	2.1
Métis single ancestry	335	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,405	2,145	2,265	3.5	3.4	3.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,295	2,100	2,190	3.4	3.4	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,220	1,565	1,655	2.6	2.5	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,040	525	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,525	58,525	60,000	94.0	94.0	94.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	126,045	62,265	63,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	122,045	60,300	61,745	96.8	96.8	96.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,335	12,095	11,235	18.5	19.4	17.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	98,710	48,210	50,500	78.3	77.4	79.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,000	1,960	2,040	3.2	3.1	3.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	126,045	62,265	63,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	112,410	55,840	56,565	89.2	89.7	88.7
Immigrants⁸¹	12,195	5,525	6,670	9.7	8.9	10.5
Before 1980	6,525	2,940	3,575	5.2	4.7	5.6
1980 to 1990	1,400	565	840	1.1	0.9	1.3
1991 to 2000	1,120	500	620	0.9	0.8	1.0
2001 to 2010	1,450	695	755	1.2	1.1	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,700	820	875	1.3	1.3	1.4
2011 to 2015	730	350	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
2016 to 2021	970	470	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,440	895	545	1.1	1.4	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,195	5,525	6,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,635	780	855	13.4	14.1	12.8
5 to 14 years	2,495	1,170	1,325	20.5	21.2	19.9
15 to 24 years	2,855	1,175	1,680	23.4	21.3	25.2
25 to 44 years	4,515	2,085	2,430	37.0	37.7	36.4
45 years and over	700	315	380	5.7	5.7	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,195	5,525	6,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,465	950	1,515	20.2	17.2	22.7
Brazil	30	15	20	0.2	0.3	0.3
Colombia	55	15	40	0.5	0.3	0.6
El Salvador	110	55	60	0.9	1.0	0.9
Guyana	50	25	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	240	160	80	2.0	2.9	1.2
Mexico	160	75	80	1.3	1.4	1.2
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	120	50	70	1.0	0.9	1.0
United States of America	1,395	405	985	11.4	7.3	14.8
Other places of birth in Americas	290	150	140	2.4	2.7	2.1
Europe	6,925	3,265	3,655	56.8	59.1	54.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Croatia	55	30	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
France	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Germany	445	215	230	3.6	3.9	3.4
Greece	140	75	65	1.1	1.4	1.0
Hungary	90	50	40	0.7	0.9	0.6
Italy	630	315	310	5.2	5.7	4.6
Netherlands	1,125	500	620	9.2	9.0	9.3
Poland	250	110	145	2.1	2.0	2.2
Portugal	295	160	135	2.4	2.9	2.0
Romania	90	50	40	0.7	0.9	0.6
Russian Federation	55	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	35	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,990	1,375	1,620	24.5	24.9	24.3
Other places of birth in Europe	635	315	320	5.2	5.7	4.8
Africa	380	205	180	3.1	3.7	2.7
Algeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	30	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	85	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	115	60	60	0.9	1.1	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	110	65	45	0.9	1.2	0.7
Asia	2,350	1,060	1,285	19.3	19.2	19.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	85	50	40	0.7	0.9	0.6
Iraq	140	60	75	1.1	1.1	1.1
Lebanon	65	30	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	95	55	40	0.8	1.0	0.6
Turkey	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	210	75	140	1.7	1.4	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	110	35	75	0.9	0.6	1.1
Taiwan	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Philippines	495	180	315	4.1	3.3	4.7
Viet Nam	60	15	45	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
India	610	320	280	5.0	5.8	4.2
Pakistan	130	70	60	1.1	1.3	0.9
Sri Lanka	40	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	205	100	110	1.7	1.8	1.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75	40	35	0.6	0.7	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	970	470	495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	280	180	100	28.9	38.3	20.2
Brazil	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	100	85	15	10.3	18.1	3.0
Mexico	35	25	10	3.6	5.3	2.0
United States of America	95	50	40	9.8	10.6	8.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	15	3.1	3.2	3.0
Europe	65	30	30	6.7	6.4	6.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	20	4.1	4.3	4.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.0
Africa	65	25	40	6.7	5.3	8.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	20	20	3.6	4.3	4.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	10	2.6	2.1	2.0
Asia	560	230	330	57.7	48.9	66.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	25	3.1	2.1	5.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	155	80	75	16.0	17.0	15.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	20	0	10	2.1	0.0	2.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	2.1	2.1	2.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	150	50	100	15.5	10.6	20.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	90	50	40	9.3	10.6	8.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	0	20	3.1	0.0	4.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	126,045	62,265	63,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,755	7,020	7,740	11.7	11.3	12.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,310	9,595	9,720	15.3	15.4	15.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	91,975	45,650	46,325	73.0	73.3	72.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,675	2,585	3,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,670	1,330	1,340	47.0	51.5	43.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,070	745	320	18.9	28.8	10.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,605	585	1,020	28.3	22.6	33.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,365	920	1,445	41.7	35.6	46.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	600	305	295	10.6	11.8	9.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	30	10	0.7	1.2	0.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,675	2,585	3,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	155	75	75	2.7	2.9	2.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	750	355	395	13.2	13.7	12.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	210	105	110	3.7	4.1	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	285	130	155	5.0	5.0	5.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110	25	85	1.9	1.0	2.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,170	1,890	2,280	73.5	73.1	73.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	126,045	62,265	63,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,125	3,640	3,485	5.7	5.8	5.5
South Asian	2,160	1,165	995	1.7	1.9	1.6
Chinese	595	280	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Black	1,410	700	715	1.1	1.1	1.1
Filipino	680	260	420	0.5	0.4	0.7
Arab	410	215	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	830	485	345	0.7	0.8	0.5
Southeast Asian	215	90	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Asian	180	100	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	220	140	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	118,925	58,625	60,290	94.4	94.2	94.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	126,045	62,265	63,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	21,930	11,000	10,930	17.4	17.7	17.1
English	37,925	18,050	19,875	30.1	29.0	31.2
Irish	28,280	13,150	15,135	22.4	21.1	23.7
Scottish	29,875	14,810	15,065	23.7	23.8	23.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,770	6,400	7,370	10.9	10.3	11.6
German	12,290	6,120	6,175	9.8	9.8	9.7
Chinese	705	340	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italian	5,015	2,575	2,440	4.0	4.1	3.8
Indian (India)	1,355	735	615	1.1	1.2	1.0
Ukrainian	2,400	1,175	1,225	1.9	1.9	1.9
Dutch	13,045	6,540	6,505	10.3	10.5	10.2
Polish	3,395	1,640	1,760	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,985	2,410	2,575	4.0	3.9	4.0
Filipino	580	215	365	0.5	0.3	0.6
French Canadian	2,325	1,060	1,265	1.8	1.7	2.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,040	1,515	1,535	2.4	2.4	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,055	1,480	1,575	2.4	2.4	2.5
Métis	1,495	750	750	1.2	1.2	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,860	970	890	1.5	1.6	1.4
Russian	840	370	475	0.7	0.6	0.7
Norwegian	675	295	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
Welsh	2,550	1,165	1,385	2.0	1.9	2.2
Portuguese	1,295	715	580	1.0	1.1	0.9
American	2,030	945	1,090	1.6	1.5	1.7
Spanish	710	350	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	770	345	425	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hungarian	1,260	630	630	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	275	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	270	155	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Greek	805	435	375	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	670	375	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	145	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	505	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	275	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	600	300	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	540	280	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,160	540	625	0.9	0.9	1.0
Sikh	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	460	215	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belgian	1,830	920	910	1.5	1.5	1.4
Haitian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	335	155	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	505	200	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lankan	55	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	420	220	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	105	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	405	220	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	150	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	480	185	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
Syrian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	915	465	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Newfoundlander	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,130	530	595	0.9	0.9	0.9
Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	680	370	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	150	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	170	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	150	135	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	126,045	62,265	63,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	74,280	34,805	39,475	58.9	55.9	61.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,035	4,440	4,590	7.2	7.1	7.2
Anabaptist	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anglican	6,485	2,960	3,525	5.1	4.8	5.5
Baptist	3,425	1,580	1,845	2.7	2.5	2.9
Catholic	29,700	14,085	15,615	23.6	22.6	24.5
Christian Orthodox	605	305	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	425	165	255	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	295	115	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	955	435	520	0.8	0.7	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	460	200	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,840	890	950	1.5	1.4	1.5
Presbyterian	4,045	1,765	2,275	3.2	2.8	3.6
Reformed	1,355	665	685	1.1	1.1	1.1
United Church	12,025	5,435	6,590	9.5	8.7	10.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,455	1,680	1,775	2.7	2.7	2.8
Hindu	905	525	380	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jewish	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	925	495	430	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	300	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	655	255	405	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	48,350	25,730	22,620	38.4	41.3	35.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	124,880	61,660	63,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	113,100	55,865	57,230	90.6	90.6	90.5
Movers	11,780	5,790	5,990	9.4	9.4	9.5
Non-migrants	6,485	3,125	3,360	5.2	5.1	5.3
Migrants	5,295	2,670	2,625	4.2	4.3	4.2
Internal migrants	4,795	2,405	2,385	3.8	3.9	3.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,460	2,215	2,245	3.6	3.6	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	330	190	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	505	260	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	119,795	58,975	60,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	78,885	38,850	40,030	65.8	65.9	65.8
Movers	40,910	20,125	20,785	34.2	34.1	34.2
Non-migrants	18,080	8,795	9,280	15.1	14.9	15.3
Migrants	22,830	11,325	11,500	19.1	19.2	18.9
Internal migrants	20,520	10,035	10,480	17.1	17.0	17.2
Intraprovincial migrants	18,730	9,105	9,630	15.6	15.4	15.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,785	935	850	1.5	1.6	1.4
External migrants	2,315	1,290	1,025	1.9	2.2	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,375	52,185	54,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,885	9,415	8,465	16.8	18.0	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	88,490	42,770	45,725	83.2	82.0	84.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,265	31,040	32,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,065	3,495	2,570	9.6	11.3	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,205	27,545	29,660	90.4	88.7	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,380	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,495	7,860	7,635	14.6	15.1	14.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,525	15,425	17,095	30.6	29.6	31.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,355	28,900	29,455	54.9	55.4	54.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,645	21,575	20,075	39.1	41.3	37.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,955	8,150	1,800	9.4	15.6	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,625	2,460	1,160	3.4	4.7	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,335	5,690	645	6.0	10.9	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30,185	12,845	17,340	28.4	24.6	32.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,500	575	925	1.4	1.1	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,710	7,325	9,380	15.7	14.0	17.3
Bachelor's degree	11,900	5,040	6,860	11.2	9.7	12.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,150	490	660	1.1	0.9	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	345	215	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	2,910	1,340	1,575	2.7	2.6	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	240	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,265	31,040	32,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,005	2,850	2,165	7.9	9.2	6.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,350	8,735	8,625	27.4	28.1	26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,900	19,460	21,440	64.6	62.7	66.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,985	14,695	14,295	45.8	47.3	44.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,875	4,895	975	9.3	15.8	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,895	1,335	570	3.0	4.3	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,975	3,560	415	6.3	11.5	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,210	9,445	12,760	35.1	30.4	39.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	910	355	560	1.4	1.1	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,915	4,770	7,145	18.8	15.4	22.2
Bachelor's degree	8,630	3,470	5,160	13.6	11.2	16.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	775	280	500	1.2	0.9	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	120	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	2,060	785	1,275	3.3	2.5	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	106,380	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	48,020	23,285	24,735	45.1	44.6	45.6
Education	3,250	755	2,490	3.1	1.4	4.6
13. Education	3,250	755	2,490	3.1	1.4	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,155	470	685	1.1	0.9	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,055	395	660	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	2,225	800	1,425	2.1	1.5	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	25	110	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	430	95	335	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	655	220	440	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	100	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	315	200	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	355	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,635	1,480	4,155	5.3	2.8	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	455	205	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,880	120	1,760	1.8	0.2	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	745	240	505	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	820	145	675	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,600	750	850	1.5	1.4	1.6
Business, management and public administration	9,475	2,865	6,615	8.9	5.5	12.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,290	160	1,125	1.2	0.3	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,180	2,700	5,480	7.7	5.2	10.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,740	1,010	735	1.6	1.9	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	525	240	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	130	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	515	360	150	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	390	260	125	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,420	905	515	1.3	1.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,060	775	290	1.0	1.5	0.5
25. Library science	125	15	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	17,175	15,970	1,200	16.1	30.6	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	215	140	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	2,130	1,780	350	2.0	3.4	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,355	4,790	570	5.0	9.2	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,350	4,280	70	4.1	8.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,890	2,820	75	2.7	5.4	0.1
48. Precision production	2,230	2,165	70	2.1	4.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,410	900	515	1.3	1.7	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,085	695	395	1.0	1.3	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	325	200	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	10,425	1,555	8,870	9.8	3.0	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	835	465	365	0.8	0.9	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,475	1,005	8,465	8.9	1.9	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	80	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,415	2,195	2,225	4.2	4.2	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,000	370	1,635	1.9	0.7	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,475	960	510	1.4	1.8	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	920	845	75	0.9	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,265	31,040	32,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,360	11,580	10,785	35.3	37.3	33.5
Education	1,965	420	1,545	3.1	1.4	4.8
13. Education	1,965	420	1,545	3.1	1.4	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	790	290	495	1.2	0.9	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	725	255	475	1.1	0.8	1.5
Humanities	1,475	505	965	2.3	1.6	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	15	80	0.2	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	310	65	245	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	460	155	305	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	115	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	250	110	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,160	960	3,200	6.6	3.1	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	140	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,515	95	1,420	2.4	0.3	4.4
22. Legal professions and studies	545	150	400	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	545	95	445	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,095	455	635	1.7	1.5	2.0
Business, management and public administration	7,110	2,030	5,080	11.2	6.5	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,065	125	940	1.7	0.4	2.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,035	1,905	4,135	9.5	6.1	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,170	605	565	1.8	1.9	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	165	205	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	85	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	300	175	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	270	175	100	0.4	0.6	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,040	710	330	1.6	2.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	830	635	200	1.3	2.0	0.6
25. Library science	70	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,490	10,465	1,020	18.2	33.7	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	170	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,465	1,145	315	2.3	3.7	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,655	3,210	450	5.8	10.3	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,845	2,775	70	4.5	8.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,860	1,800	55	2.9	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,485	1,430	50	2.3	4.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,040	635	400	1.6	2.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	785	485	300	1.2	1.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	160	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	7,410	1,160	6,245	11.7	3.7	19.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	665	365	300	1.1	1.2	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,690	770	5,925	10.6	2.5	18.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,230	1,670	1,560	5.1	5.4	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,340	255	1,085	2.1	0.8	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,220	790	430	1.9	2.5	1.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	660	610	50	1.0	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,265	31,040	32,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,360	11,580	10,785	35.3	37.3	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,905	19,465	21,440	64.7	62.7	66.5
Location of study inside Canada	37,560	17,940	19,620	59.4	57.8	60.9
Same as province or territory of residence	35,935	17,130	18,805	56.8	55.2	58.4
Different than province or territory of residence	1,630	815	815	2.6	2.6	2.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,345	1,525	1,820	5.3	4.9	5.6
Americas	1,480	610	865	2.3	2.0	2.7
United States of America	1,155	450	710	1.8	1.4	2.2
Mexico	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	570	300	270	0.9	1.0	0.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	270	170	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	130	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,055	515	540	1.7	1.7	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	210	70	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	570	335	235	0.9	1.1	0.7
Pakistan	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	105	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	105	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	106,380	52,190	54,190	...	...	...
In the labour force	59,650	31,460	28,190	...	...	...
Employed	52,995	28,335	24,665	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,655	3,130	3,520	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	46,725	20,725	26,000	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.1	60.3	52.0	56.1	60.3	52.0
Employment rate	49.8	54.3	45.5	49.8	54.3	45.5
Unemployment rate	11.2	9.9	12.5	11.2	9.9	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	106,380	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	46,245	20,485	25,760	43.5	39.3	47.5
Worked	60,130	31,700	28,425	56.5	60.7	52.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,570	17,740	12,835	28.7	34.0	23.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,555	13,960	15,595	27.8	26.7	28.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.7	40.1	40.9	41.7	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	59,650	31,460	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,415	710	710	2.4	2.3	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,230	30,755	27,480	97.6	97.8	97.5
Employee	50,630	26,280	24,350	84.9	83.5	86.4
Permanent position	42,650	22,015	20,635	71.5	70.0	73.2
Temporary position	7,980	4,270	3,715	13.4	13.6	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,355	1,210	1,150	3.9	3.8	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,625	3,060	2,565	9.4	9.7	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,600	4,470	3,130	12.7	14.2	11.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	59,650	31,460	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,415	710	710	2.4	2.3	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,230	30,755	27,480	97.6	97.8	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	405	275	130	0.7	0.9	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,215	1,760	5,450	12.1	5.6	19.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,055	3,135	920	6.8	10.0	3.3
3 Health occupations	5,525	730	4,795	9.3	2.3	17.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,100	1,805	4,300	10.2	5.7	15.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	965	395	575	1.6	1.3	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	14,460	5,595	8,860	24.2	17.8	31.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,700	11,740	960	21.3	37.3	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,100	2,300	805	5.2	7.3	2.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,705	3,025	680	6.2	9.6	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	59,650	31,460	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,415	710	710	2.4	2.3	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	58,230	30,755	27,480	97.6	97.8	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,930	1,960	975	4.9	6.2	3.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	800	675	125	1.3	2.1	0.4
22 Utilities	705	595	110	1.2	1.9	0.4
23 Construction	6,480	5,785	700	10.9	18.4	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	6,370	4,950	1,415	10.7	15.7	5.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,460	1,055	405	2.4	3.4	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,495	2,685	3,815	10.9	8.5	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,530	1,840	685	4.2	5.8	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	450	230	225	0.8	0.7	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,270	440	825	2.1	1.4	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	910	495	415	1.5	1.6	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,940	1,760	1,180	4.9	5.6	4.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,735	1,595	1,140	4.6	5.1	4.0
61 Educational services	3,805	1,015	2,790	6.4	3.2	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	8,795	1,245	7,550	14.7	4.0	26.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,070	535	535	1.8	1.7	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,755	1,340	2,415	6.3	4.3	8.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,425	1,325	1,095	4.1	4.2	3.9
91 Public administration	2,280	1,220	1,060	3.8	3.9	3.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,585	33,795	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	63,310	33,240	30,070	98.0	98.4	97.7
French	185	45	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official language	135	110	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	110	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	580	180	400	0.9	0.5	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	350	210	140	0.5	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,585	33,795	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,440	33,725	30,715	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	64,255	33,590	30,665	99.5	99.4	99.6
English	63,955	33,530	30,420	99.0	99.2	98.8
French	305	65	240	0.5	0.2	0.8
Non-official languages	185	135	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	130	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	155	125	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	125	15	0.2	0.4	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	135	125	15	0.2	0.4	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,585	33,795	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,770	33,465	30,305	98.7	99.0	98.4
English	160	40	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
French	380	130	250	0.6	0.4	0.8
Non-official language	235	150	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	205	135	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,000	28,330	24,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,805	3,895	4,915	16.6	13.7	19.9
Worked outside Canada	275	150	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
No fixed workplace address	6,725	5,085	1,640	12.7	17.9	6.6
Usual place of work	37,185	19,200	17,985	70.2	67.8	72.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,185	19,205	17,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,540	9,880	10,660	55.2	51.4	59.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,445	6,965	5,480	33.5	36.3	30.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,115	2,305	1,810	11.1	12.0	10.1
Commute to a different province or territory	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,910	24,290	19,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,640	22,695	17,950	92.6	93.4	91.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,970	21,405	16,560	86.5	88.1	84.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,670	1,285	1,385	6.1	5.3	7.1
Public transit	530	235	290	1.2	1.0	1.5
Walked	1,800	865	935	4.1	3.6	4.8
Bicycle	320	250	70	0.7	1.0	0.4
Other method	620	240	380	1.4	1.0	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,910	24,290	19,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,270	9,830	10,440	46.2	40.5	53.2
15 to 29 minutes	15,635	9,415	6,220	35.6	38.8	31.7
30 to 44 minutes	4,985	3,000	1,980	11.4	12.4	10.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,340	890	450	3.1	3.7	2.3
60 minutes and over	1,675	1,150	530	3.8	4.7	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,910	24,290	19,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,435	2,385	1,055	7.8	9.8	5.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,525	6,655	2,865	21.7	27.4	14.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,785	6,860	4,925	26.8	28.2	25.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,165	3,015	5,145	18.6	12.4	26.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,280	1,520	2,760	9.7	6.3	14.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,725	3,855	2,870	15.3	15.9	14.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,080	12,315	11,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,100	1,070	1,030	8.7	8.7	8.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,980	11,245	10,735	91.3	91.3	91.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,350	8,830	8,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,565	795	770	9.0	9.0	9.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,005	505	500	5.8	5.7	5.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	555	290	270	3.2	3.3	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,785	8,040	7,740	91.0	91.1	90.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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