Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Simcoe--GreyMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	107,835	53,070	54,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,815	8,105	7,715	14.7	15.3	14.1
0 to 4 years	4,735	2,400	2,335	4.4	4.5	4.3
5 to 9 years	5,455	2,795	2,665	5.1	5.3	4.9
10 to 14 years	5,625	2,910	2,715	5.2	5.5	5.0
15 to 64 years	65,175	32,310	32,865	60.4	60.9	60.0
15 to 19 years	5,250	2,710	2,535	4.9	5.1	4.6
20 to 24 years	5,090	2,675	2,415	4.7	5.0	4.4
25 to 29 years	5,460	2,800	2,655	5.1	5.3	4.8
30 to 34 years	6,065	3,075	2,995	5.6	5.8	5.5
35 to 39 years	6,275	3,105	3,165	5.8	5.9	5.8
40 to 44 years	5,850	2,895	2,955	5.4	5.5	5.4
45 to 49 years	6,255	3,100	3,155	5.8	5.8	5.8
50 to 54 years	6,900	3,340	3,565	6.4	6.3	6.5
55 to 59 years	8,885	4,275	4,610	8.2	8.1	8.4
60 to 64 years	9,150	4,330	4,825	8.5	8.2	8.8
65 years and over	26,840	12,660	14,185	24.9	23.9	25.9
65 to 69 years	8,340	3,950	4,390	7.7	7.4	8.0
70 to 74 years	7,465	3,555	3,910	6.9	6.7	7.1
75 to 79 years	5,070	2,480	2,590	4.7	4.7	4.7
80 to 84 years	3,110	1,475	1,630	2.9	2.8	3.0
85 years and over	2,855	1,195	1,660	2.6	2.3	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,805	785	1,020	1.7	1.5	1.9
90 to 94 years	870	365	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
95 to 99 years	160	40	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.3	14.1	14.7	15.3	14.1
15 to 64 years	60.4	60.9	60.0	60.4	60.9	60.0
65 years and over	24.9	23.9	25.9	24.9	23.9	25.9
85 years and over	2.6	2.3	3.0	2.6	2.3	3.0
Average age of the population	45.5	44.7	46.4	45.5	44.7	46.4
Median age of the population	48.4	46.8	49.6	48.4	46.8	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,545	...	...	76.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,925	...	...	4.4	...	...
Row house	3,425	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	675	...	...	1.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,295	...	...	7.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	545	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,940	...	...	25.0	...	...
2 persons	17,155	...	...	39.3	...	...
3 persons	6,305	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	5,910	...	...	13.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,380	...	...	7.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	106,515	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,015	44,965	47,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,250	28,590	28,655	62.2	63.6	60.9
Married	46,715	23,345	23,370	50.8	51.9	49.7
Living common-law	10,535	5,250	5,285	11.4	11.7	11.2
Living common law - Never married	6,570	3,285	3,280	7.1	7.3	7.0
Living common law - Separated	725	380	345	0.8	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,815	1,410	1,400	3.1	3.1	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	430	170	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	34,770	16,380	18,395	37.8	36.4	39.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,495	11,380	9,110	22.3	25.3	19.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,860	1,280	1,585	3.1	2.8	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,685	2,335	3,350	6.2	5.2	7.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,730	1,380	4,350	6.2	3.1	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,445	...	...	56.6	...	...
3 persons	6,375	...	...	19.6	...	...
4 persons	5,590	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,170	...	...	6.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,190	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	22,925	...	...	70.4	...	...
With children⁶	10,280	...	...	31.5	...	...
Without children	12,645	...	...	38.8	...	...
Common-law couples	5,265	...	...	16.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,115	...	...	6.5	...	...
Without children	3,150	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,400	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,295	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,095	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	106,520	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	90,005	44,895	45,110	84.5	85.6	83.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,380	28,145	28,235	52.9	53.6	52.2
Parents in one-parent families	4,395	1,095	3,300	4.1	2.1	6.1
Children⁶	29,225	15,655	13,575	27.4	29.8	25.1
In a two-parent family	22,470	11,870	10,600	21.1	22.6	19.6
In a one-parent family	6,760	3,780	2,975	6.3	7.2	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,515	7,565	8,945	15.5	14.4	16.5
Living alone	10,940	4,845	6,100	10.3	9.2	11.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,340	955	1,385	2.2	1.8	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	3,230	1,765	1,465	3.0	3.4	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,250	...	...	64.7	...	...
Couple-family households	25,110	...	...	57.5	...	...
With children⁶	10,910	...	...	25.0	...	...
Without children	14,200	...	...	32.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,140	...	...	7.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,495	...	...	3.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	330	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,360	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,320	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	10,940	...	...	25.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,460	43,195	45,265	97.5	97.4	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	36,800	42,400	49,600	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,500	43,215	45,285	97.6	97.4	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	33,600	38,000	43,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,285	39,915	40,370	88.5	90.0	87.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,400	27,000	35,200	44,400	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,170	31,815	29,360	67.4	71.7	63.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	43,600	28,400	35,600	43,600	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,925	38,510	41,410	88.1	86.8	89.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	9,000	12,200	10,800	9,000	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,420	3,330	4,090	8.2	7.5	8.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,810	11,275	12,540	26.2	25.4	27.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,450	43,200	45,255	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,900	66,200	47,960	56,900	66,200	47,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,510	43,230	45,280	97.6	97.4	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,560	52,850	40,560	46,560	52,850	40,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,365	39,925	40,440	88.6	90.0	87.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,080	61,450	40,840	51,080	61,450	40,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,175	31,605	29,570	67.4	71.2	63.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,920	57,200	40,120	48,920	57,200	40,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,830	38,520	41,315	88.0	86.8	89.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,590	10,550	12,560	11,590	10,550	12,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,345	3,330	4,015	8.1	7.5	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,100	6,830	6,500	6,100	6,830
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,730	11,310	12,415	26.2	25.5	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,030	8,730	9,290	9,030	8,730	9,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,025	15,845	12,185	30.9	35.7	26.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	70,000	56,400	64,500	70,000	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,100	85,200	66,600	77,100	85,200	66,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,090	11,195	12,890	26.6	25.2	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	20,800	16,400	18,200	20,800	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,560	34,040	23,800	28,560	34,040	23,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	85.8	76.2	81.6	85.8	76.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.5	63.2	54.6	59.5	63.2	54.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.4	14.2	23.9	18.4	14.2	23.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	3.8	6.3	4.9	3.8	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.3	4.3	3.5	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,260	1,175	1,085	2.5	2.6	2.4
With total income	88,460	43,195	45,265	97.5	97.4	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,365	2,560	3,805	7.2	5.9	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,595	4,185	6,410	12.0	9.7	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,720	5,710	8,010	15.5	13.2	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	11,125	4,790	6,335	12.6	11.1	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	9,980	4,575	5,405	11.3	10.6	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,030	3,925	4,110	9.1	9.1	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,680	3,620	3,055	7.6	8.4	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,275	3,145	2,130	6.0	7.3	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,865	2,385	1,485	4.4	5.5	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,005	1,855	1,150	3.4	4.3	2.6
$100,000 and over	9,820	6,450	3,370	11.1	14.9	7.4
$100,000 to $149,999	6,395	4,030	2,370	7.2	9.3	5.2
$150,000 and over	3,425	2,420	1,000	3.9	5.6	2.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,215	1,150	1,065	2.4	2.6	2.3
With after-tax income	88,500	43,215	45,285	97.6	97.4	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,925	2,745	4,180	7.8	6.4	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	11,205	4,440	6,770	12.7	10.3	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	15,380	6,410	8,965	17.4	14.8	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	13,170	5,900	7,270	14.9	13.7	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	11,380	5,450	5,930	12.9	12.6	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,880	4,800	4,080	10.0	11.1	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,705	3,990	2,705	7.6	9.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,530	2,795	1,735	5.1	6.5	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,350	1,955	1,390	3.8	4.5	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,905	1,225	680	2.2	2.8	1.5
$100,000 and over	5,075	3,505	1,570	5.7	8.1	3.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,380	1,605	780	2.7	3.7	1.7
$125,000 and over	2,695	1,905	790	3.0	4.4	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,545	12,555	16,990	32.6	28.3	36.7
With employment income	61,170	31,815	29,365	67.4	71.7	63.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,045	4,875	5,170	16.4	15.3	17.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,980	2,160	2,820	8.1	6.8	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,280	3,170	4,110	11.9	10.0	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	5,490	2,430	3,055	9.0	7.7	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,230	2,405	2,820	8.5	7.6	9.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,135	2,440	2,700	8.4	7.7	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,355	2,235	2,120	7.1	7.0	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,960	2,335	1,620	6.5	7.4	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,230	2,075	1,155	5.3	6.5	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,550	1,660	890	4.2	5.2	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,205	1,320	885	3.6	4.1	3.0
$100,000 and over	6,710	4,700	2,015	11.0	14.8	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,195	2,115	1,080	5.2	6.6	3.7
$125,000 and over	3,520	2,590	935	5.8	8.1	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,220	42,590	44,625	96.1	96.0	96.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,800	34,400	40,400	48,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,280	42,605	44,675	96.2	96.0	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,800	31,400	36,400	42,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,785	39,630	40,155	87.9	89.3	86.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	45,600	29,200	36,800	45,600	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,815	32,035	29,780	68.1	72.2	64.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,200	30,400	37,200	45,200	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,505	36,365	39,140	83.2	82.0	84.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	1,900	7,600	5,360	1,900	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,825	2,560	3,270	6.4	5.8	7.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,440	5,560	5,520	5,440	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,220	42,595	44,625	96.1	96.0	96.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,900	64,600	45,560	54,900	64,600	45,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,275	42,605	44,670	96.2	96.0	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	50,720	38,320	44,360	50,720	38,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,795	39,665	40,130	88.0	89.4	86.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	62,450	41,680	52,000	62,450	41,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,975	31,945	30,030	68.3	72.0	64.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,680	59,350	41,440	50,680	59,350	41,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,405	36,305	39,105	83.1	81.8	84.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,440	7,570	9,240	8,440	7,570	9,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,710	2,545	3,165	6.3	5.7	6.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	6,540	7,830	7,250	6,540	7,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,745	15,645	12,100	30.6	35.3	26.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	68,000	52,400	61,200	68,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,600	83,600	63,000	74,600	83,600	63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,120	10,735	12,380	25.5	24.2	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,800	21,000	23,600	27,800	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,080	42,000	29,080	35,080	42,000	29,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	90.0	82.2	86.8	90.0	82.2
Employment income (%)	65.6	68.8	61.2	65.6	68.8	61.2
Government transfers (%)	13.3	10.0	17.8	13.3	10.0	17.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	115,200	...	...	115,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,300	...	...	94,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,950	...	...	57,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920	...	...	47,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,200	...	...	134,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	330	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	345	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	675	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,235	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,315	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,145	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,395	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,515	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,545	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,030	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,990	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,995	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,875	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,615	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,520	...	...	44.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,675	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,175	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,015	...	...	11.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,660	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	430	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	360	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	715	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,315	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,485	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,365	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,595	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,840	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,715	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,710	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,620	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,650	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,265	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,950	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,500	...	...	35.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,735	...	...	13.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,855	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,915	...	...	13.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,175	6,610	7,560	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	44,400	39,600	41,600	44,400	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	39,200	36,400	37,600	39,200	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	124,300	...	...	124,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	159,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,200	6,600	7,605	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,100	55,100	53,200	54,100	55,100	53,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,080	45,160	45,000	45,080	45,160	45,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	106,515	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,960	9,720	9,240	17.8	18.5	17.1
0 to 5 years	5,795	2,950	2,845	5.4	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	61,510	30,345	31,170	57.7	57.8	57.7
65 years and over	26,045	12,400	13,650	24.5	23.6	25.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,415	3,965	4,455	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,580	805	765	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	450	245	210	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,550	2,225	2,330	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,290	930	1,355	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.9	7.6	8.2	7.9	7.6	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.8	8.3	7.3	7.8	8.3	7.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4	7.3	7.5	7.4	7.3	7.5
65 years and over (%)	8.8	7.5	9.9	8.8	7.5	9.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,515	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,960	9,720	9,240	17.8	18.5	17.1
0 to 5 years	5,795	2,950	2,845	5.4	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	61,510	30,345	31,170	57.7	57.8	57.7
65 years and over	26,045	12,400	13,650	24.5	23.6	25.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,445	1,290	1,160	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	345	170	170	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	50	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,805	965	835	...	...	...
65 years and over	295	145	150	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.5	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.5	1.7	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.4
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	3.2	2.7	2.9	3.2	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	106,515	52,465	54,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,170	23,180	24,995	45.2	44.2	46.2
In bottom decile	7,255	3,560	3,695	6.8	6.8	6.8
In second decile	9,050	4,125	4,925	8.5	7.9	9.1
In third decile	10,370	4,890	5,480	9.7	9.3	10.1
In fourth decile	10,695	5,180	5,505	10.0	9.9	10.2
In fifth decile	10,805	5,420	5,390	10.1	10.3	10.0
In top half of the distribution	58,345	29,285	29,055	54.8	55.8	53.8
In sixth decile	11,485	5,655	5,835	10.8	10.8	10.8
In seventh decile	11,730	5,860	5,875	11.0	11.2	10.9
In eighth decile	11,665	5,820	5,845	11.0	11.1	10.8
In ninth decile	11,670	5,965	5,705	11.0	11.4	10.6
In top decile	11,795	5,990	5,805	11.1	11.4	10.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	106,520	...	...	106,520	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.338	...	...	0.338	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...	0.452	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	107,145	52,805	54,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	99,430	49,480	49,950	92.8	93.7	91.9
French only	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	7,245	3,120	4,125	6.8	5.9	7.6
Neither English nor French	370	160	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	107,145	52,805	54,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,555	51,575	52,980	97.6	97.7	97.5
French	2,030	1,000	1,030	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	200	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	107,145	52,805	54,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,365	51,965	53,405	98.3	98.4	98.3
Official languages	95,820	47,400	48,425	89.4	89.8	89.1
English	93,710	46,375	47,340	87.5	87.8	87.1
French	2,105	1,020	1,085	2.0	1.9	2.0
Non-official languages	9,550	4,565	4,985	8.9	8.6	9.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,540	4,565	4,975	8.9	8.6	9.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	285	85	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	240	75	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,860	3,830	4,030	7.3	7.3	7.4
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,270	1,080	1,185	2.1	2.0	2.2
Baltic languages	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	2,085	995	1,090	1.9	1.9	2.0
Belarusian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	880	415	465	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	465	220	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,720	760	960	1.6	1.4	1.8
Frisian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,080	455	625	1.0	0.9	1.2
German	1,030	435	595	1.0	0.8	1.1
Pennsylvania German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	520	260	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	485	255	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	795	420	370	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	635	335	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,495	1,425	2.7	2.8	2.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,315	735	580	1.2	1.4	1.1
Portuguese	780	380	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	710	330	385	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	335	135	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	330	135	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	360	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Finnish	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,775	840	930	1.7	1.6	1.7
English and French	500	210	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,120	565	555	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	107,145	52,805	54,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	97,600	48,295	49,305	91.1	91.5	90.7
French	615	285	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	1,465	690	770	1.4	1.3	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,465	690	770	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	1,300	590	715	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	5,805	2,780	3,020	5.4	5.3	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	230	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	107,145	52,805	54,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,875	52,205	53,670	98.8	98.9	98.8
Official languages	102,955	50,780	52,175	96.1	96.2	96.0
English	102,120	50,380	51,735	95.3	95.4	95.2
French	835	405	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official languages	2,920	1,425	1,495	2.7	2.7	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,920	1,425	1,495	2.7	2.7	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,245	1,085	1,160	2.1	2.1	2.1
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	845	405	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	810	390	425	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	445	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	795	385	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	290	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,265	595	675	1.2	1.1	1.2
English and French	255	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	975	475	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	107,145	52,805	54,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	100,770	49,790	50,975	94.1	94.3	93.8
English	1,380	700	685	1.3	1.3	1.3
French	865	385	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official language	3,525	1,665	1,865	3.3	3.2	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,515	1,660	1,860	3.3	3.1	3.4
English and French	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	270	125	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	106,520	52,465	54,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	106,160	52,285	53,880	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	106,065	52,225	53,840	99.6	99.5	99.6
French	7,315	3,070	4,245	6.9	5.9	7.9
Non-official languages	13,080	6,170	6,910	12.3	11.8	12.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,055	6,160	6,890	12.3	11.7	12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	325	190	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	315	185	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	425	125	295	0.4	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385	110	275	0.4	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,925	5,240	5,685	10.3	10.0	10.5
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,670	1,305	1,370	2.5	2.5	2.5
Baltic languages	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages	2,475	1,200	1,275	2.3	2.3	2.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Polish	1,065	535	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	635	290	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	320	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	295	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,430	1,000	1,425	2.3	1.9	2.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,655	705	950	1.6	1.3	1.8
German	1,625	705	925	1.5	1.3	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	755	305	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
Afrikaans	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	685	285	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,115	550	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	955	470	480	0.9	0.9	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	300	175	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	420	225	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	355	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Urdu	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,815	2,420	2,400	4.5	4.6	4.4
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,115	1,110	1,005	2.0	2.1	1.9
Portuguese	1,005	520	480	0.9	1.0	0.9
Romanian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,815	830	985	1.7	1.6	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	420	190	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	420	190	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	280	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	425	190	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Finnish	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,515	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,960	1,510	1,440	2.8	2.9	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,775	1,425	1,355	2.6	2.7	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,515	785	730	1.4	1.5	1.4
Métis	1,220	620	600	1.1	1.2	1.1
Inuk (Inuit)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	103,565	50,955	52,610	97.2	97.1	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,515	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	720	360	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	105,800	52,105	53,695	99.3	99.3	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,870	...	...	82.1	...	...
Renter	7,810	...	...	17.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,780	...	...	10.9	...	...
Not condominium	38,910	...	...	89.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	2,375	...	...	5.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,595	...	...	19.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,165	...	...	41.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,485	...	...	33.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,115	...	...	16.3	...	...
5 rooms	6,325	...	...	14.5	...	...
6 rooms	7,430	...	...	17.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,565	...	...	15.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,265	...	...	37.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,420	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	270	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	42,455	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,235	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,380	...	...	16.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,965	...	...	20.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,525	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,990	...	...	13.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,530	...	...	8.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,155	...	...	9.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,465	...	...	7.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,675	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,305	...	...	94.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,380	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,920	...	...	45.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,125	...	...	50.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,640	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	400	...	...	0.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,170	...	...	9.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,020	...	...	13.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,950	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,070	...	...	23.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,325	...	...	21.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,965	...	...	11.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,785	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,185	...	...	79.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,945	...	...	20.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,015	...	...	18.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,640	...	...	26.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,130	...	...	18.6	...	...
Not suitable only	975	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,625	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	650	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,050	...	...	73.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,010	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not in core need	39,195	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,440	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.9	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,260	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,476	...	...	1,476	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	801,000	...	...	801,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,785	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.8	...	...	38.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.5	...	...	19.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,422	...	...	1,422	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	106,520	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	880	405	475	0.8	0.8	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	865	400	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	565	255	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Métis single ancestry	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,335	1,720	1,610	3.1	3.3	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,230	1,685	1,545	3.0	3.2	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,385	1,235	1,150	2.2	2.4	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	810	430	380	0.8	0.8	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	102,305	50,340	51,965	96.0	95.9	96.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	106,515	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	103,950	51,195	52,765	97.6	97.6	97.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,645	9,575	9,070	17.5	18.3	16.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	85,310	41,615	43,695	80.1	79.3	80.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,565	1,270	1,295	2.4	2.4	2.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	106,515	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	92,115	45,605	46,510	86.5	86.9	86.0
Immigrants⁸¹	14,005	6,590	7,415	13.1	12.6	13.7
Before 1980	7,215	3,480	3,740	6.8	6.6	6.9
1980 to 1990	1,945	900	1,045	1.8	1.7	1.9
1991 to 2000	1,745	860	885	1.6	1.6	1.6
2001 to 2010	1,710	750	965	1.6	1.4	1.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,390	605	790	1.3	1.2	1.5
2011 to 2015	635	260	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
2016 to 2021	755	340	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	395	270	125	0.4	0.5	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,010	6,590	7,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,945	925	1,015	13.9	14.0	13.7
5 to 14 years	3,315	1,615	1,700	23.7	24.5	22.9
15 to 24 years	3,355	1,630	1,725	23.9	24.7	23.2
25 to 44 years	4,655	2,085	2,570	33.2	31.6	34.6
45 years and over	740	330	405	5.3	5.0	5.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,010	6,590	7,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,135	955	1,180	15.2	14.5	15.9
Brazil	85	25	60	0.6	0.4	0.8
Colombia	105	45	60	0.7	0.7	0.8
El Salvador	45	30	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Guyana	175	90	80	1.2	1.4	1.1
Haiti	20	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaica	225	115	110	1.6	1.7	1.5
Mexico	70	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	150	65	90	1.1	1.0	1.2
United States of America	695	270	420	5.0	4.1	5.7
Other places of birth in Americas	510	245	260	3.6	3.7	3.5
Europe	9,240	4,455	4,785	66.0	67.6	64.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	105	45	60	0.7	0.7	0.8
France	120	55	65	0.9	0.8	0.9
Germany	750	330	420	5.4	5.0	5.7
Greece	75	50	25	0.5	0.8	0.3
Hungary	140	80	65	1.0	1.2	0.9
Italy	935	565	380	6.7	8.6	5.1
Netherlands	515	235	280	3.7	3.6	3.8
Poland	765	360	405	5.5	5.5	5.5
Portugal	535	300	235	3.8	4.6	3.2
Romania	150	70	80	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian Federation	205	100	105	1.5	1.5	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	55	30	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ukraine	180	85	95	1.3	1.3	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,575	1,645	1,930	25.5	25.0	26.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,060	480	580	7.6	7.3	7.8
Africa	370	180	190	2.6	2.7	2.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	55	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	40	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	170	75	95	1.2	1.1	1.3
Asia	2,120	925	1,200	15.1	14.0	16.2
Afghanistan	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iraq	90	50	40	0.6	0.8	0.5
Lebanon	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Turkey	20	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	205	85	120	1.5	1.3	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	80	35	40	0.6	0.5	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	110	55	55	0.8	0.8	0.7
Taiwan	30	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	445	135	310	3.2	2.0	4.2
Viet Nam	55	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
India	450	220	225	3.2	3.3	3.0
Pakistan	130	70	55	0.9	1.1	0.7
Sri Lanka	95	35	60	0.7	0.5	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	240	100	135	1.7	1.5	1.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	80	65	1.0	1.2	0.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	755	340	415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	155	70	80	20.5	20.6	19.3
Brazil	15	0	15	2.0	0.0	3.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	20	3.3	0.0	4.8
United States of America	45	25	15	6.0	7.4	3.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	30	10	5.3	8.8	2.4
Europe	180	90	95	23.8	26.5	22.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	1.3	2.9	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	2.0	0.0	2.4
Ukraine	25	0	20	3.3	0.0	4.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	50	25	9.9	14.7	6.0
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	35	6.6	5.9	8.4
Africa	40	20	20	5.3	5.9	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	15	0	2.6	4.4	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Asia	350	140	210	46.4	41.2	50.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	2.0	2.9	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.4
India	120	65	55	15.9	19.1	13.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	30	10	15	4.0	2.9	3.6
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	20	3.3	2.9	4.8
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	80	20	60	10.6	5.9	14.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	20	5.3	5.9	4.8
Turkey	10	10	0	1.3	2.9	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	25	20	10	3.3	5.9	2.4
Australia	25	20	10	3.3	5.9	2.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	106,520	52,465	54,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,405	7,360	8,045	14.5	14.0	14.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	20,265	9,970	10,295	19.0	19.0	19.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	70,845	35,135	35,705	66.5	67.0	66.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,790	3,110	3,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,220	1,480	1,735	47.4	47.6	47.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,240	690	550	18.3	22.2	14.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,975	790	1,190	29.1	25.4	32.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,475	1,030	1,440	36.5	33.1	39.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,060	575	485	15.6	18.5	13.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,790	3,110	3,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	345	175	175	5.1	5.6	4.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,080	525	550	15.9	16.9	14.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	180	105	75	2.7	3.4	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	290	110	180	4.3	3.5	4.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	25	35	0.9	0.8	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,830	2,170	2,655	71.1	69.8	72.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	106,515	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,740	3,205	3,540	6.3	6.1	6.5
South Asian	1,505	735	765	1.4	1.4	1.4
Chinese	625	265	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
Black	1,535	795	740	1.4	1.5	1.4
Filipino	680	275	410	0.6	0.5	0.8
Arab	110	75	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	805	390	415	0.8	0.7	0.8
Southeast Asian	230	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	240	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	305	120	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	375	205	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	99,775	49,260	50,515	93.7	93.9	93.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	106,515	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,270	9,555	9,715	18.1	18.2	18.0
English	31,480	15,170	16,310	29.6	28.9	30.2
Irish	24,465	11,800	12,665	23.0	22.5	23.4
Scottish	25,290	12,180	13,115	23.7	23.2	24.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,270	3,935	4,335	7.8	7.5	8.0
German	10,590	5,185	5,405	9.9	9.9	10.0
Chinese	810	345	465	0.8	0.7	0.9
Italian	7,470	3,860	3,610	7.0	7.4	6.7
Indian (India)	960	505	460	0.9	1.0	0.9
Ukrainian	3,065	1,480	1,585	2.9	2.8	2.9
Dutch	5,465	2,645	2,820	5.1	5.0	5.2
Polish	3,915	1,995	1,920	3.7	3.8	3.6
Québécois	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,200	3,095	3,105	5.8	5.9	5.7
Filipino	670	290	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
French Canadian	1,275	565	710	1.2	1.1	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,320	1,140	1,175	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,220	625	600	1.1	1.2	1.1
Métis	1,215	615	600	1.1	1.2	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,770	895	875	1.7	1.7	1.6
Russian	1,130	495	635	1.1	0.9	1.2
Norwegian	585	280	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Welsh	2,310	1,110	1,200	2.2	2.1	2.2
Portuguese	1,965	955	1,010	1.8	1.8	1.9
American	1,200	600	605	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	925	445	480	0.9	0.8	0.9
Swedish	690	340	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hungarian	1,040	495	545	1.0	0.9	1.0
Acadian	345	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pakistani	165	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	670	345	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
Punjabi	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	130	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	875	450	420	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	565	255	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	175	50	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	350	145	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lebanese	180	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	405	130	265	0.4	0.2	0.5
Danish	660	310	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	470	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	785	355	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belgian	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	480	230	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Finnish	615	300	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sri Lankan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	465	220	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Japanese	140	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	285	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	420	210	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	125	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	485	280	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syrian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Newfoundlander	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ontarian	995	505	485	0.9	1.0	0.9
Persian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	115	80	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovak	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	150	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	345	140	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
South African	135	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	400	215	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Macedonian	300	185	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
Slovenian	305	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	265	95	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mayan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	106,515	52,465	54,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	270	100	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	59,800	28,020	31,780	56.1	53.4	58.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,320	3,545	3,780	6.9	6.8	7.0
Anabaptist	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	7,295	3,155	4,135	6.8	6.0	7.7
Baptist	1,240	610	630	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catholic	24,485	11,840	12,645	23.0	22.6	23.4
Christian Orthodox	930	505	420	0.9	1.0	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	530	230	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lutheran	1,035	430	605	1.0	0.8	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	335	130	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,080	490	590	1.0	0.9	1.1
Presbyterian	3,990	1,815	2,175	3.7	3.5	4.0
Reformed	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	7,945	3,580	4,360	7.5	6.8	8.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,050	1,400	1,650	2.9	2.7	3.1
Hindu	565	305	260	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	510	240	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	565	265	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	210	80	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	540	210	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	43,995	23,210	20,785	41.3	44.2	38.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	105,645	52,010	53,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,770	45,190	46,580	86.9	86.9	86.9
Movers	13,870	6,820	7,050	13.1	13.1	13.1
Non-migrants	3,715	1,825	1,885	3.5	3.5	3.5
Migrants	10,160	4,995	5,165	9.6	9.6	9.6
Internal migrants	9,925	4,860	5,070	9.4	9.3	9.5
Intraprovincial migrants	9,390	4,605	4,780	8.9	8.9	8.9
Interprovincial migrants	535	250	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	235	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	101,760	50,100	51,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	57,780	28,565	29,210	56.8	57.0	56.5
Movers	43,980	21,525	22,455	43.2	43.0	43.5
Non-migrants	8,555	4,125	4,425	8.4	8.2	8.6
Migrants	35,430	17,400	18,030	34.8	34.7	34.9
Internal migrants	34,460	16,870	17,585	33.9	33.7	34.0
Intraprovincial migrants	32,010	15,620	16,380	31.5	31.2	31.7
Interprovincial migrants	2,455	1,250	1,205	2.4	2.5	2.3
External migrants	970	530	445	1.0	1.1	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,030	8,950	7,080	17.7	20.2	15.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,685	35,420	39,270	82.3	79.8	84.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,430	26,675	27,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,390	3,990	2,410	11.7	15.0	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,040	22,690	25,350	88.3	85.1	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,135	7,645	6,495	15.6	17.2	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,490	14,845	14,650	32.5	33.5	31.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,090	21,880	25,210	51.9	49.3	54.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,395	14,335	15,060	32.4	32.3	32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,210	4,755	1,455	6.8	10.7	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,900	1,910	995	3.2	4.3	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,305	2,840	465	3.6	6.4	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,510	8,845	12,665	23.7	19.9	27.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,670	735	940	1.8	1.7	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,700	7,550	10,150	19.5	17.0	21.9
Bachelor's degree	12,455	5,170	7,280	13.7	11.7	15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,365	565	800	1.5	1.3	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	495	285	210	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	3,085	1,375	1,710	3.4	3.1	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,435	26,675	27,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,465	3,355	2,110	10.0	12.6	7.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,685	8,865	7,820	30.7	33.2	28.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,280	14,455	17,825	59.3	54.2	64.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,385	9,830	10,550	37.4	36.9	38.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,965	3,020	945	7.3	11.3	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,810	1,180	625	3.3	4.4	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,160	1,840	320	4.0	6.9	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,410	6,365	9,040	28.3	23.9	32.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,010	445	565	1.9	1.7	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,895	4,620	7,275	21.9	17.3	26.2
Bachelor's degree	8,530	3,310	5,225	15.7	12.4	18.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	905	330	575	1.7	1.2	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	285	125	155	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	2,000	780	1,225	3.7	2.9	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	175	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,630	22,490	21,140	48.1	50.7	45.6
Education	2,990	620	2,375	3.3	1.4	5.1
13. Education	2,990	620	2,375	3.3	1.4	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,825	735	1,090	2.0	1.7	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	140	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,660	595	1,070	1.8	1.3	2.3
Humanities	2,270	795	1,480	2.5	1.8	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	15	120	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	635	150	490	0.7	0.3	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	660	235	425	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	390	180	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,955	1,820	4,135	6.6	4.1	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	730	290	440	0.8	0.7	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,120	75	1,045	1.2	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	910	245	670	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	930	190	740	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	2,045	945	1,100	2.3	2.1	2.4
Business, management and public administration	9,400	3,670	5,735	10.4	8.3	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	720	115	605	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,670	3,550	5,125	9.6	8.0	11.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,470	685	785	1.6	1.5	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	525	190	335	0.6	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450	225	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	350	240	110	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	25	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,280	755	525	1.4	1.7	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	915	600	310	1.0	1.4	0.7
25. Library science	100	0	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	240	135	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,445	8,820	625	10.4	19.9	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	405	270	135	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,285	1,080	210	1.4	2.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,105	1,925	175	2.3	4.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,250	2,220	35	2.5	5.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,295	2,250	45	2.5	5.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,115	1,085	25	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,335	725	610	1.5	1.6	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	950	520	430	1.0	1.2	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	385	210	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	7,500	1,225	6,275	8.3	2.8	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	980	385	590	1.1	0.9	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,400	775	5,625	7.1	1.7	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,600	2,030	1,565	4.0	4.6	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,715	560	1,155	1.9	1.3	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	60	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,180	835	345	1.3	1.9	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	625	565	65	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,435	26,675	27,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,155	12,220	9,930	40.7	45.8	35.8
Education	1,760	320	1,435	3.2	1.2	5.2
13. Education	1,760	320	1,435	3.2	1.2	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,250	475	775	2.3	1.8	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,170	420	745	2.1	1.6	2.7
Humanities	1,370	465	905	2.5	1.7	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	385	95	295	0.7	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	140	270	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	255	115	135	0.5	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,310	1,135	3,175	7.9	4.3	11.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	590	235	355	1.1	0.9	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	900	50	855	1.7	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	690	130	560	1.3	0.5	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	625	125	500	1.1	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,360	555	805	2.5	2.1	2.9
Business, management and public administration	6,480	2,355	4,130	11.9	8.8	14.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	555	80	475	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,920	2,265	3,660	10.9	8.5	13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	980	410	565	1.8	1.5	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	365	125	240	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	135	185	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	190	125	75	0.3	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	905	560	340	1.7	2.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	710	485	230	1.3	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	65	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,295	5,805	490	11.6	21.8	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	280	170	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	845	690	160	1.6	2.6	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,390	1,260	130	2.6	4.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,520	1,495	30	2.8	5.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,555	1,510	40	2.9	5.7	0.1
48. Precision production	705	685	20	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,025	500	525	1.9	1.9	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	715	345	370	1.3	1.3	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	310	155	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Health and related fields	5,100	845	4,255	9.4	3.2	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	690	240	450	1.3	0.9	1.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,340	585	3,755	8.0	2.2	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,800	1,580	1,220	5.1	5.9	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,290	410	880	2.4	1.5	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	975	685	290	1.8	2.6	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	435	50	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,435	26,675	27,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,155	12,220	9,930	40.7	45.8	35.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,285	14,455	17,830	59.3	54.2	64.2
Location of study inside Canada	29,430	13,195	16,230	54.1	49.5	58.5
Same as province or territory of residence	27,260	12,270	14,990	50.1	46.0	54.0
Different than province or territory of residence	2,170	925	1,240	4.0	3.5	4.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,850	1,255	1,590	5.2	4.7	5.7
Americas	905	405	500	1.7	1.5	1.8
United States of America	730	320	415	1.3	1.2	1.5
Mexico	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,145	535	615	2.1	2.0	2.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	95	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romania	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	510	240	265	0.9	0.9	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	65	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	520	195	325	1.0	0.7	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	170	40	130	0.3	0.1	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	215	75	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Australia	195	70	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
New Zealand	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,720	44,370	46,350	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,640	28,105	25,535	...	...	...
Employed	47,530	25,385	22,145	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,110	2,720	3,390	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	37,075	16,265	20,815	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.1	63.3	55.1	59.1	63.3	55.1
Employment rate	52.4	57.2	47.8	52.4	57.2	47.8
Unemployment rate	11.4	9.7	13.3	11.4	9.7	13.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,720	44,370	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,080	15,960	20,115	39.8	36.0	43.4
Worked	54,640	28,405	26,235	60.2	64.0	56.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,915	16,385	12,530	31.9	36.9	27.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,725	12,020	13,705	28.4	27.1	29.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	42.1	40.1	41.1	42.1	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,645	28,105	25,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,095	565	530	2.0	2.0	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,540	27,540	25,000	97.9	98.0	97.9
Employee	42,360	21,535	20,825	79.0	76.6	81.6
Permanent position	36,145	18,515	17,630	67.4	65.9	69.0
Temporary position	6,215	3,020	3,195	11.6	10.7	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,735	740	990	3.2	2.6	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,480	2,275	2,205	8.4	8.1	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,180	6,000	4,180	19.0	21.3	16.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,645	28,105	25,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,095	565	530	2.0	2.0	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,540	27,540	25,000	97.9	98.0	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	880	610	265	1.6	2.2	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,985	2,190	5,795	14.9	7.8	22.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,660	2,030	625	5.0	7.2	2.4
3 Health occupations	3,695	595	3,095	6.9	2.1	12.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,055	2,235	3,815	11.3	8.0	14.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,615	700	915	3.0	2.5	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	13,670	5,540	8,125	25.5	19.7	31.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,970	9,950	1,025	20.4	35.4	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,115	1,585	530	3.9	5.6	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,910	2,105	800	5.4	7.5	3.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,645	28,105	25,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,095	565	530	2.0	2.0	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	52,540	27,540	25,000	97.9	98.0	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,290	800	495	2.4	2.8	1.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	120	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	320	245	75	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	5,935	5,180	755	11.1	18.4	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,260	3,730	1,525	9.8	13.3	6.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,540	965	575	2.9	3.4	2.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,040	2,535	3,505	11.3	9.0	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,030	1,385	645	3.8	4.9	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	755	425	330	1.4	1.5	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,475	595	880	2.7	2.1	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,350	635	715	2.5	2.3	2.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,560	1,780	1,775	6.6	6.3	7.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,825	1,635	1,190	5.3	5.8	4.7
61 Educational services	3,205	775	2,430	6.0	2.8	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	5,595	870	4,725	10.4	3.1	18.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,340	730	605	2.5	2.6	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,665	1,630	2,035	6.8	5.8	8.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,135	1,025	1,110	4.0	3.6	4.3
91 Public administration	3,990	2,415	1,570	7.4	8.6	6.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,345	30,210	28,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,555	29,410	27,135	96.9	97.4	96.4
French	165	25	145	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official language	140	90	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	90	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	1,020	485	535	1.7	1.6	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	435	195	240	0.7	0.6	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,345	30,210	28,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,140	30,105	28,030	99.6	99.7	99.6
Official languages	57,945	29,995	27,955	99.3	99.3	99.4
English	57,670	29,940	27,725	98.8	99.1	98.5
French	280	55	225	0.5	0.2	0.8
Non-official languages	190	115	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	115	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	155	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	75	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	75	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	205	105	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,345	30,210	28,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,040	29,625	27,410	97.8	98.1	97.4
English	150	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	795	395	395	1.4	1.3	1.4
Non-official language	305	115	190	0.5	0.4	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	280	115	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,530	25,380	22,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,645	4,730	5,915	22.4	18.6	26.7
Worked outside Canada	100	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,000	5,300	1,700	14.7	20.9	7.7
Usual place of work	29,785	15,280	14,505	62.7	60.2	65.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,785	15,285	14,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,905	5,285	5,620	36.6	34.6	38.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,175	5,945	6,230	40.9	38.9	43.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,630	4,015	2,620	22.3	26.3	18.1
Commute to a different province or territory	80	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,785	20,580	16,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,140	19,405	14,735	92.8	94.3	90.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,795	18,255	13,540	86.4	88.7	83.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,345	1,155	1,195	6.4	5.6	7.4
Public transit	255	115	140	0.7	0.6	0.9
Walked	1,365	550	815	3.7	2.7	5.0
Bicycle	280	165	115	0.8	0.8	0.7
Other method	750	350	400	2.0	1.7	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,785	20,580	16,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,170	6,015	6,160	33.1	29.2	38.0
15 to 29 minutes	10,725	5,570	5,155	29.2	27.1	31.8
30 to 44 minutes	5,720	3,340	2,380	15.5	16.2	14.7
45 to 59 minutes	3,100	1,985	1,115	8.4	9.6	6.9
60 minutes and over	5,065	3,680	1,385	13.8	17.9	8.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,785	20,580	16,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,880	2,890	995	10.5	14.0	6.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,770	4,445	2,330	18.4	21.6	14.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,075	5,195	3,880	24.7	25.2	23.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,595	3,340	4,255	20.6	16.2	26.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,275	1,725	2,545	11.6	8.4	15.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,190	2,990	2,200	14.1	14.5	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,350	9,920	9,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,915	980	940	9.9	9.9	10.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,440	8,940	8,495	90.1	90.1	90.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,245	7,325	6,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,440	730	710	10.1	10.0	10.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	840	415	425	5.9	5.7	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	595	315	290	4.2	4.3	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,800	6,595	6,205	89.9	90.0	89.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 22, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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