Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Winnipeg NorthMore information: Manitoba [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	95,180	47,565	47,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,890	9,250	8,640	18.8	19.4	18.1
0 to 4 years	5,770	2,920	2,850	6.1	6.1	6.0
5 to 9 years	6,000	3,160	2,845	6.3	6.6	6.0
10 to 14 years	6,115	3,170	2,945	6.4	6.7	6.2
15 to 64 years	64,285	32,610	31,680	67.5	68.6	66.5
15 to 19 years	6,140	3,245	2,895	6.5	6.8	6.1
20 to 24 years	8,405	4,555	3,840	8.8	9.6	8.1
25 to 29 years	6,895	3,690	3,210	7.2	7.8	6.7
30 to 34 years	6,865	3,425	3,435	7.2	7.2	7.2
35 to 39 years	6,880	3,380	3,500	7.2	7.1	7.4
40 to 44 years	6,685	3,245	3,440	7.0	6.8	7.2
45 to 49 years	5,800	2,875	2,925	6.1	6.0	6.1
50 to 54 years	5,610	2,690	2,930	5.9	5.7	6.2
55 to 59 years	5,715	2,885	2,830	6.0	6.1	5.9
60 to 64 years	5,290	2,620	2,670	5.6	5.5	5.6
65 years and over	13,000	5,710	7,290	13.7	12.0	15.3
65 to 69 years	4,475	2,105	2,370	4.7	4.4	5.0
70 to 74 years	3,580	1,585	1,995	3.8	3.3	4.2
75 to 79 years	2,140	945	1,195	2.2	2.0	2.5
80 to 84 years	1,280	575	710	1.3	1.2	1.5
85 years and over	1,525	505	1,015	1.6	1.1	2.1
85 to 89 years	795	310	480	0.8	0.7	1.0
90 to 94 years	535	160	375	0.6	0.3	0.8
95 to 99 years	170	35	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.4	18.1	18.8	19.4	18.1
15 to 64 years	67.5	68.6	66.5	67.5	68.6	66.5
65 years and over	13.7	12.0	15.3	13.7	12.0	15.3
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.1	1.6	1.1	2.1
Average age of the population	37.7	36.5	38.8	37.7	36.5	38.8
Median age of the population	36.0	34.4	37.6	36.0	34.4	37.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	30,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,270	...	...	66.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,980	...	...	6.5	...	...
Row house	1,450	...	...	4.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,035	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,900	...	...	16.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	840	...	...	2.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	30,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,870	...	...	19.2	...	...
2 persons	7,780	...	...	25.4	...	...
3 persons	5,455	...	...	17.8	...	...
4 persons	5,715	...	...	18.7	...	...
5 or more persons	5,755	...	...	18.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	94,270	47,235	47,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	77,290	38,320	38,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,495	20,750	20,740	53.7	54.1	53.2
Married	36,790	18,425	18,365	47.6	48.1	47.1
Living common-law	4,705	2,330	2,380	6.1	6.1	6.1
Living common law - Never married	3,620	1,795	1,825	4.7	4.7	4.7
Living common law - Separated	195	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	785	390	395	1.0	1.0	1.0
Living common law - Widowed	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	35,800	17,565	18,230	46.3	45.8	46.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,350	14,860	12,485	35.4	38.8	32.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,580	650	930	2.0	1.7	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,150	1,285	1,865	4.1	3.4	4.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,720	780	2,945	4.8	2.0	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,705	...	...	39.1	...	...
3 persons	6,015	...	...	24.2	...	...
4 persons	5,950	...	...	24.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,140	...	...	12.7	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,905	...	...	80.2	...	...
Married couples	17,550	...	...	70.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,875	...	...	47.9	...	...
Without children	5,675	...	...	22.9	...	...
Common-law couples	2,350	...	...	9.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,170	...	...	4.7	...	...
Without children	1,180	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,900	...	...	19.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,890	...	...	15.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,010	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,270	47,235	47,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	78,185	38,995	39,185	82.9	82.6	83.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	39,805	19,880	19,925	42.2	42.1	42.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,900	1,005	3,890	5.2	2.1	8.3
Children⁶	33,475	18,110	15,370	35.5	38.3	32.7
In a two-parent family	25,110	13,550	11,560	26.6	28.7	24.6
In a one-parent family	8,365	4,560	3,805	8.9	9.7	8.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,085	8,240	7,850	17.1	17.4	16.7
Living alone	5,870	2,815	3,055	6.2	6.0	6.5
Living with other relatives⁷	5,575	2,465	3,115	5.9	5.2	6.6
Living with non-relatives only	4,645	2,965	1,680	4.9	6.3	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	30,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,005	...	...	58.9	...	...
Couple-family households	14,845	...	...	48.6	...	...
With children⁶	9,775	...	...	32.0	...	...
Without children	5,070	...	...	16.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,155	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,105	...	...	6.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	510	...	...	1.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,290	...	...	7.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,805	...	...	5.9	...	...
One-person households	5,865	...	...	19.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	76,395	37,995	38,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,180	36,325	36,855	95.8	95.6	96.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	37,600	33,600	35,600	37,600	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,205	36,335	36,870	95.8	95.6	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	33,600	30,400	31,800	33,600	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,030	32,245	30,780	82.5	84.9	80.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,000	25,600	29,600	34,000	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,150	28,315	25,835	70.9	74.5	67.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,200	28,400	32,000	35,200	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,980	33,790	35,190	90.3	88.9	91.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,550	5,080	9,900	7,550	5,080	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,995	4,625	5,365	13.1	12.2	14.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,160	5,240	5,200	5,160	5,240
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,510	12,205	12,305	32.1	32.1	32.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	76,200	37,960	38,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,040	36,215	36,820	95.9	95.4	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,520	42,120	36,960	39,520	42,120	36,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,065	36,235	36,825	95.9	95.5	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,120	35,760	32,480	34,120	35,760	32,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,955	32,225	30,730	82.6	84.9	80.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,880	38,680	30,880	34,880	38,680	30,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,045	28,230	25,820	70.9	74.4	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	39,360	32,720	36,200	39,360	32,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,850	33,665	35,185	90.4	88.7	92.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,030	8,280	11,710	10,030	8,280	11,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,720	4,510	5,215	12.8	11.9	13.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,985	5,740	6,200	5,985	5,740	6,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,780	11,815	11,965	31.2	31.1	31.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,490	8,250	8,720	8,490	8,250	8,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	76,200	37,960	38,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,025	14,385	11,640	34.2	37.9	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	48,800	44,000	46,800	48,800	44,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,200	53,650	48,160	51,200	53,650	48,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,445	10,520	10,920	28.1	27.7	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,200	16,800	18,400	20,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,520	25,840	21,280	23,520	25,840	21,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	81.8	69.8	76.0	81.8	69.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8	72.8	62.1	67.8	72.8	62.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.9	18.3	30.3	23.9	18.3	30.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.4	2.0	1.7	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.6	7.6	9.8	8.6	7.6	9.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.0	6.4	7.7	7.0	6.4	7.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	76,395	37,995	38,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,215	1,670	1,540	4.2	4.4	4.0
With total income	73,180	36,325	36,855	95.8	95.6	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,810	3,825	3,980	10.7	10.5	10.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,900	3,985	4,915	12.2	11.0	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	13,210	6,050	7,160	18.1	16.7	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,955	5,570	6,390	16.3	15.3	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,580	5,160	5,420	14.5	14.2	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,415	3,745	3,675	10.1	10.3	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,800	2,830	1,965	6.6	7.8	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,130	1,920	1,210	4.3	5.3	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,990	1,240	750	2.7	3.4	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,300	705	595	1.8	2.0	1.6
$100,000 and over	2,095	1,305	790	2.9	3.6	2.1
$100,000 to $149,999	1,740	1,055	690	2.4	2.9	1.9
$150,000 and over	355	250	100	0.5	0.7	0.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	76,395	37,995	38,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,190	1,665	1,530	4.2	4.4	4.0
With after-tax income	73,205	36,335	36,870	95.8	95.6	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,930	3,865	4,065	10.8	10.6	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,660	4,435	5,220	13.2	12.2	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	16,170	7,420	8,755	22.1	20.4	23.7
$30,000 to $39,999	14,580	7,035	7,550	19.9	19.3	20.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,780	5,440	5,340	14.7	15.0	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,555	3,745	2,810	9.0	10.3	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,620	2,185	1,435	5.0	6.0	3.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,935	1,060	880	2.7	2.9	2.4
$80,000 to $89,999	960	515	445	1.3	1.4	1.2
$90,000 to $99,999	410	240	170	0.6	0.6	0.5
$100,000 and over	595	405	195	0.8	1.1	0.5
$100,000 to $124,999	375	255	125	0.5	0.7	0.3
$125,000 and over	220	150	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	76,395	37,995	38,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,235	9,680	12,560	29.1	25.5	32.7
With employment income	54,150	28,315	25,835	70.9	74.5	67.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,940	2,750	3,195	11.0	9.7	12.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,640	2,140	2,500	8.6	7.5	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,640	3,655	3,990	14.1	12.9	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	7,450	3,590	3,860	13.8	12.7	14.9
$30,000 to $39,999	7,370	3,755	3,625	13.6	13.2	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,860	3,610	3,245	12.7	12.7	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,710	2,760	1,955	8.7	9.7	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,300	2,120	1,185	6.1	7.5	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,260	1,490	760	4.2	5.3	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,475	920	555	2.7	3.2	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,000	550	450	1.8	1.9	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,505	985	520	2.8	3.5	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,015	650	365	1.9	2.3	1.4
$125,000 and over	490	335	155	0.9	1.2	0.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	76,395	37,995	38,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,265	34,785	35,480	92.0	91.6	92.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,000	30,000	32,800	36,000	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,280	34,790	35,495	92.0	91.6	92.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	31,800	27,600	29,400	31,800	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,690	31,510	30,180	80.8	82.9	78.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	35,600	27,200	31,200	35,600	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,920	28,090	25,830	70.6	73.9	67.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,800	29,600	33,200	36,800	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,555	30,405	32,155	81.9	80.0	83.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,960	950	5,200	1,960	950	5,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,840	2,635	3,205	7.6	6.9	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,360	5,640	5,560	5,360	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	76,200	37,960	38,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,975	34,645	35,330	91.8	91.3	92.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,960	40,120	33,880	36,960	40,120	33,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,985	34,645	35,340	91.8	91.3	92.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,760	33,800	29,760	31,760	33,800	29,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,435	31,340	30,095	80.6	82.6	78.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,640	39,840	31,240	35,640	39,840	31,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,585	27,940	25,650	70.3	73.6	67.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,920	40,520	33,000	36,920	40,520	33,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,020	30,095	31,925	81.4	79.3	83.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	4,720	8,020	6,420	4,720	8,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,785	2,585	3,205	7.6	6.8	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,960	6,480	7,360	6,960	6,480	7,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	76,200	37,960	38,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,890	14,310	11,580	34.0	37.7	30.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,000	46,800	40,800	44,000	46,800	40,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,120	51,040	44,480	48,120	51,040	44,480
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,925	9,785	10,145	26.1	25.8	26.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	27,000	21,400	24,000	27,000	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,560	31,920	25,340	28,560	31,920	25,340
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.6	89.8	78.6	84.6	89.8	78.6
Employment income (%)	76.6	81.4	70.8	76.6	81.4	70.8
Government transfers (%)	15.4	10.2	21.4	15.4	10.2	21.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.6	1.2	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	30,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	30,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...	81,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,000	...	...	43,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,720	...	...	36,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...	106,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	30,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	360	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	910	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,010	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	920	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,035	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,255	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,195	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,340	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,275	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,280	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,050	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,100	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,150	...	...	39.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,310	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,080	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,135	...	...	10.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,630	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	30,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	220	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	365	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	390	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,015	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,170	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,115	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,365	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,390	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,370	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,765	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,790	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	...	...	8.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,540	...	...	8.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,145	...	...	29.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,095	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,480	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,565	...	...	8.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,510	5,780	4,730	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,800	32,400	32,400	32,800	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	30,000	30,000	30,000	30,000	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,300	...	...	105,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...	90,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,600	...	...	71,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,400	...	...	125,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...	107,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...	72,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...	64,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,615	5,770	4,845	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,320	37,920	36,600	37,320	37,920	36,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,480	32,720	32,160	32,480	32,720	32,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,270	47,235	47,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,495	11,135	10,360	22.8	23.6	22.0
0 to 5 years	6,960	3,550	3,410	7.4	7.5	7.2
18 to 64 years	60,540	30,635	29,905	64.2	64.9	63.6
65 years and over	12,225	5,465	6,765	13.0	11.6	14.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,945	5,115	5,825	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,920	1,995	1,920	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,460	745	720	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,495	2,535	2,960	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,530	580	945	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	10.8	12.4	11.6	10.8	12.4
0 to 17 years (%)	18.2	18.0	18.5	18.2	18.0	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	21.0	20.9	21.1	21.0	20.9	21.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.3	9.9	9.1	8.3	9.9
65 years and over (%)	12.5	10.6	14.0	12.5	10.6	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	94,270	47,235	47,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,495	11,135	10,360	22.8	23.6	22.0
0 to 5 years	6,960	3,550	3,410	7.4	7.5	7.2
18 to 64 years	60,540	30,635	29,905	64.2	64.9	63.6
65 years and over	12,225	5,465	6,765	13.0	11.6	14.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,875	3,635	3,245	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,970	1,060	910	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	730	385	345	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,440	2,380	2,060	...	...	...
65 years and over	465	185	275	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.3	7.7	6.9	7.3	7.7	6.9
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2	9.5	8.8	9.2	9.5	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.5	10.8	10.2	10.5	10.8	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.3	7.8	6.9	7.3	7.8	6.9
65 years and over (%)	3.8	3.4	4.1	3.8	3.4	4.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,270	47,235	47,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	57,920	28,845	29,075	61.4	61.1	61.8
In bottom decile	10,450	5,235	5,210	11.1	11.1	11.1
In second decile	11,560	5,675	5,885	12.3	12.0	12.5
In third decile	12,190	6,060	6,130	12.9	12.8	13.0
In fourth decile	11,900	5,930	5,975	12.6	12.6	12.7
In fifth decile	11,825	5,940	5,885	12.5	12.6	12.5
In top half of the distribution	36,345	18,395	17,955	38.6	38.9	38.2
In sixth decile	10,925	5,585	5,340	11.6	11.8	11.4
In seventh decile	9,975	5,020	4,950	10.6	10.6	10.5
In eighth decile	7,770	3,895	3,880	8.2	8.2	8.2
In ninth decile	5,580	2,810	2,770	5.9	5.9	5.9
In top decile	2,095	1,080	1,015	2.2	2.3	2.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,265	...	...	94,265	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.260	...	...	0.260	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.379	...	...	0.379	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.233	...	...	0.233	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	94,420	47,280	47,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	88,035	44,415	43,620	93.2	93.9	92.5
French only	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	3,550	1,605	1,940	3.8	3.4	4.1
Neither English nor French	2,805	1,245	1,560	3.0	2.6	3.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	94,420	47,280	47,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	91,010	45,750	45,260	96.4	96.8	96.0
French	380	180	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	340	155	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	2,690	1,185	1,510	2.8	2.5	3.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	94,420	47,280	47,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,200	43,195	43,010	91.3	91.4	91.2
Official languages	44,285	22,625	21,660	46.9	47.9	45.9
English	43,865	22,420	21,450	46.5	47.4	45.5
French	415	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	41,915	20,570	21,350	44.4	43.5	45.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	520	215	310	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algonquian languages	500	205	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	150	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	150	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	350	145	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway languages	240	95	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	185	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	41,395	20,350	21,045	43.8	43.0	44.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	415	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	340	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	885	435	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	830	410	420	0.9	0.9	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	19,365	9,090	10,275	20.5	19.2	21.8
Bikol	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	510	225	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	410	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pangasinan	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	17,840	8,365	9,480	18.9	17.7	20.1
Waray-Waray	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,445	10,005	9,435	20.6	21.2	20.0
Albanian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,780	750	1,030	1.9	1.6	2.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,775	745	1,030	1.9	1.6	2.2
Belarusian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	600	245	360	0.6	0.5	0.8
Russian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	730	300	430	0.8	0.6	0.9
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	440	205	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15,220	8,080	7,140	16.1	17.1	15.1
Indo-Aryan languages	15,120	8,025	7,095	16.0	17.0	15.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	445	230	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,430	7,670	6,760	15.3	16.2	14.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	45	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,940	940	1,000	2.1	2.0	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	1,235	590	645	1.3	1.2	1.4
Romanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	405	205	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	700	335	370	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	640	290	350	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	495	225	270	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
S'gaw Karen	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	145	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,220	4,085	4,135	8.7	8.6	8.8
English and French	255	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	7,340	3,655	3,690	7.8	7.7	7.8
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	495	240	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	94,420	47,280	47,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,720	23,265	22,460	48.4	49.2	47.6
French	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	14,700	7,430	7,270	15.6	15.7	15.4
Indigenous³⁹	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	14,630	7,395	7,230	15.5	15.6	15.3
English and French	520	235	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	31,940	15,610	16,325	33.8	33.0	34.6
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	470	220	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	1,010	485	520	1.1	1.0	1.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	94,420	47,280	47,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,750	43,080	42,670	90.8	91.1	90.5
Official languages	54,990	27,700	27,295	58.2	58.6	57.9
English	54,905	27,660	27,250	58.1	58.5	57.8
French	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	30,760	15,385	15,370	32.6	32.5	32.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30,630	15,335	15,300	32.4	32.4	32.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	650	305	345	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	625	295	330	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	13,100	6,230	6,865	13.9	13.2	14.6
Bikol	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	255	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	270	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pangasinan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	12,285	5,840	6,450	13.0	12.4	13.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15,705	8,230	7,475	16.6	17.4	15.9
Albanian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	635	275	360	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	635	275	355	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	95	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	14,030	7,465	6,565	14.9	15.8	13.9
Indo-Aryan languages	13,965	7,425	6,535	14.8	15.7	13.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,485	7,190	6,300	14.3	15.2	13.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	945	435	510	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	610	285	325	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	540	255	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	485	225	265	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	390	170	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
S'gaw Karen	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,670	4,195	4,480	9.2	8.9	9.5
English and French	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	8,350	4,035	4,310	8.8	8.5	9.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	94,420	47,280	47,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,875	34,275	33,600	71.9	72.5	71.3
English	13,220	6,535	6,680	14.0	13.8	14.2
French	530	245	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	9,745	4,680	5,065	10.3	9.9	10.7
Indigenous³⁹	365	150	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-Indigenous	9,380	4,530	4,850	9.9	9.6	10.3
English and French	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,955	1,000	955	2.1	2.1	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	790	405	390	0.8	0.9	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	93,990	47,095	46,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	91,245	45,885	45,360	97.1	97.4	96.7
English	91,220	45,875	45,340	97.1	97.4	96.7
French	3,640	1,550	2,085	3.9	3.3	4.4
Non-official languages	52,750	26,050	26,700	56.1	55.3	56.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	855	370	485	0.9	0.8	1.0
Algonquian languages	845	365	475	0.9	0.8	1.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	235	80	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	235	80	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	150	45	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	625	285	335	0.7	0.6	0.7
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ojibway languages	395	180	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	315	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	51,900	25,680	26,220	55.2	54.5	55.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	545	275	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	460	235	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	230	135	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,330	625	700	1.4	1.3	1.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,225	585	640	1.3	1.2	1.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25,455	11,970	13,485	27.1	25.4	28.8
Bikol	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	150	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cebuano	415	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	1,140	525	615	1.2	1.1	1.3
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	805	400	405	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pangasinan	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,165	11,820	13,345	26.8	25.1	28.5
Waray-Waray	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	245	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	23,345	12,190	11,155	24.8	25.9	23.8
Albanian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,300	1,025	1,280	2.4	2.2	2.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,300	1,015	1,280	2.4	2.2	2.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Polish	840	350	485	0.9	0.7	1.0
Russian	395	180	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	235	110	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,095	460	635	1.2	1.0	1.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	670	325	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	570	295	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	535	285	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	17,950	9,675	8,280	19.1	20.5	17.7
Indo-Aryan languages	17,820	9,600	8,220	19.0	20.4	17.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	5,775	2,995	2,780	6.1	6.4	5.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,210	9,285	7,935	18.3	19.7	16.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,535	1,205	1,330	2.7	2.6	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	385	150	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Portuguese	1,505	750	755	1.6	1.6	1.6
Romanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	690	320	365	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	360	190	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	800	390	405	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	765	375	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	230	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	620	300	315	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	255	115	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lao	230	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	93,990	47,095	46,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	12,750	5,875	6,875	13.6	12.5	14.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	12,465	5,760	6,700	13.3	12.2	14.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,640	3,445	4,190	8.1	7.3	8.9
Métis	4,790	2,290	2,495	5.1	4.9	5.3
Inuk (Inuit)	30	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	220	85	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	81,240	41,220	40,020	86.4	87.5	85.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	93,990	47,095	46,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,905	3,080	3,825	7.3	6.5	8.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	87,085	44,015	43,065	92.7	93.5	91.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	30,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,505	...	...	70.4	...	...
Renter	9,055	...	...	29.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	30,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,445	...	...	8.0	...	...
Not condominium	28,110	...	...	92.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	30,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	205	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	2,980	...	...	9.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,270	...	...	23.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,215	...	...	40.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,885	...	...	25.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	30,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,750	...	...	31.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,470	...	...	21.2	...	...
6 rooms	5,530	...	...	18.1	...	...
7 rooms	3,695	...	...	12.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,115	...	...	16.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	30,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	27,720	...	...	90.7	...	...
More than one person per room	2,835	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	30,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	25,975	...	...	85.0	...	...
Not suitable	4,580	...	...	15.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	30,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,915	...	...	32.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,185	...	...	26.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,555	...	...	14.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,725	...	...	5.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	740	...	...	2.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,305	...	...	4.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,795	...	...	5.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,335	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	30,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	28,410	...	...	93.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,145	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	30,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,205	...	...	43.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,070	...	...	46.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,280	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	30,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	930	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,845	...	...	12.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,475	...	...	21.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,025	...	...	19.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,205	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,555	...	...	14.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,945	...	...	6.4	...	...
85 years and over	590	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	30,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,370	...	...	83.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,145	...	...	16.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,655	...	...	15.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	30,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,585	...	...	34.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,115	...	...	13.5	...	...
Not suitable only	3,760	...	...	12.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,470	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	565	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	420	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	215	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	19,975	...	...	65.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	30,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,505	...	...	11.7	...	...
Not in core need	26,515	...	...	88.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,505	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.7	...	...	68.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,260	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,314	...	...	1,314	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	313,200	...	...	313,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,055	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.0	...	...	17.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.1	...	...	28.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.5	...	...	26.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,093	...	...	1,093	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	93,985	47,095	46,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,350	3,840	4,505	8.9	8.2	9.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,085	3,710	4,375	8.6	7.9	9.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,320	2,850	3,470	6.7	6.1	7.4
Métis single ancestry	1,745	845	905	1.9	1.8	1.9
Inuit single ancestry	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	265	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,445	2,155	2,290	4.7	4.6	4.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,270	2,110	2,155	4.5	4.5	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,200	1,080	1,115	2.3	2.3	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,055	1,015	1,035	2.2	2.2	2.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	180	45	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180	45	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	81,200	41,100	40,095	86.4	87.3	85.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	93,990	47,095	46,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	75,110	37,210	37,895	79.9	79.0	80.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,035	9,810	9,220	20.3	20.8	19.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	56,075	27,400	28,675	59.7	58.2	61.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	18,885	9,880	9,000	20.1	21.0	19.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	93,990	47,095	46,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	46,715	23,585	23,130	49.7	50.1	49.3
Immigrants⁸¹	42,925	20,975	21,950	45.7	44.5	46.8
Before 1980	4,570	2,055	2,515	4.9	4.4	5.4
1980 to 1990	4,335	2,140	2,195	4.6	4.5	4.7
1991 to 2000	3,535	1,600	1,940	3.8	3.4	4.1
2001 to 2010	12,080	6,010	6,070	12.9	12.8	12.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	18,400	9,165	9,235	19.6	19.5	19.7
2011 to 2015	10,765	5,340	5,425	11.5	11.3	11.6
2016 to 2021	7,635	3,825	3,810	8.1	8.1	8.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,350	2,535	1,810	4.6	5.4	3.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	42,925	20,975	21,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,480	1,915	1,570	8.1	9.1	7.2
5 to 14 years	7,570	4,005	3,565	17.6	19.1	16.2
15 to 24 years	7,815	3,615	4,200	18.2	17.2	19.1
25 to 44 years	20,035	9,585	10,450	46.7	45.7	47.6
45 years and over	4,025	1,855	2,165	9.4	8.8	9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	42,925	20,975	21,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,320	645	675	3.1	3.1	3.1
Brazil	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
El Salvador	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyana	215	90	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	240	95	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mexico	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	180	95	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
United States of America	205	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Americas	310	180	130	0.7	0.9	0.6
Europe	3,385	1,630	1,755	7.9	7.8	8.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
France	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	265	120	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	270	120	155	0.6	0.6	0.7
Netherlands	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	560	260	305	1.3	1.2	1.4
Portugal	1,125	545	585	2.6	2.6	2.7
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	315	135	185	0.7	0.6	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	275	145	125	0.6	0.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	215	115	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Africa	710	380	330	1.7	1.8	1.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	65	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somalia	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	350	180	170	0.8	0.9	0.8
Asia	37,460	18,300	19,155	87.3	87.2	87.3
Afghanistan	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	170	75	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	24,470	11,620	12,850	57.0	55.4	58.5
Viet Nam	970	455	520	2.3	2.2	2.4
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10,695	5,550	5,145	24.9	26.5	23.4
Pakistan	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sri Lanka	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	735	410	330	1.7	2.0	1.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,630	3,820	3,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	70	35	35	0.9	0.9	0.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
United States of America	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Europe	125	70	55	1.6	1.8	1.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	70	35	30	0.9	0.9	0.8
Africa	255	175	80	3.3	4.6	2.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	25	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
Somalia	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	25	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	40	15	0.7	1.0	0.4
Asia	7,175	3,540	3,635	94.0	92.7	95.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,120	2,105	2,015	54.0	55.1	52.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Philippines	2,750	1,290	1,455	36.0	33.8	38.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	35	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
Viet Nam	70	40	35	0.9	1.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	75	40	40	1.0	1.0	1.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	93,990	47,095	46,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	47,630	23,700	23,930	50.7	50.3	51.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	18,105	9,480	8,620	19.3	20.1	18.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,250	13,910	14,345	30.1	29.5	30.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	38,350	18,920	19,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	27,445	13,905	13,540	71.6	73.5	69.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,875	5,890	4,985	28.4	31.1	25.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	16,570	8,015	8,555	43.2	42.4	44.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	9,360	4,175	5,180	24.4	22.1	26.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,500	820	680	3.9	4.3	3.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	38,350	18,920	19,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	100	65	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,060	545	515	2.8	2.9	2.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	165	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,185	705	480	3.1	3.7	2.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	165	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	35,685	17,430	18,250	93.1	92.1	93.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	93,985	47,090	46,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	58,330	29,525	28,805	62.1	62.7	61.4
South Asian	18,710	10,075	8,630	19.9	21.4	18.4
Chinese	775	390	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
Black	1,845	1,005	830	2.0	2.1	1.8
Filipino	32,645	15,900	16,750	34.7	33.8	35.7
Arab	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	450	265	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Southeast Asian	1,975	935	1,040	2.1	2.0	2.2
West Asian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	280	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	1,320	650	670	1.4	1.4	1.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	35,660	17,570	18,090	37.9	37.3	38.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	93,990	47,095	46,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,010	2,150	1,860	4.3	4.6	4.0
English	5,080	2,590	2,490	5.4	5.5	5.3
Irish	3,725	1,810	1,915	4.0	3.8	4.1
Scottish	4,695	2,300	2,390	5.0	4.9	5.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,360	1,710	1,645	3.6	3.6	3.5
German	5,030	2,555	2,475	5.4	5.4	5.3
Chinese	2,060	995	1,065	2.2	2.1	2.3
Italian	1,065	520	550	1.1	1.1	1.2
Indian (India)	10,095	5,365	4,725	10.7	11.4	10.1
Ukrainian	6,995	3,420	3,575	7.4	7.3	7.6
Dutch	935	465	470	1.0	1.0	1.0
Polish	3,620	1,740	1,880	3.9	3.7	4.0
Québécois	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	745	400	345	0.8	0.8	0.7
Filipino	30,715	14,900	15,820	32.7	31.6	33.7
French Canadian	270	110	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	615	285	330	0.7	0.6	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,915	1,715	2,195	4.2	3.6	4.7
Métis	4,240	2,035	2,205	4.5	4.3	4.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	475	290	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian	875	415	455	0.9	0.9	1.0
Norwegian	355	160	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Welsh	405	215	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	2,180	1,095	1,085	2.3	2.3	2.3
American	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,365	630	725	1.5	1.3	1.5
Swedish	545	280	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hungarian	280	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	315	195	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	420	220	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Punjabi	5,450	2,975	2,475	5.8	6.3	5.3
Vietnamese	1,270	620	650	1.4	1.3	1.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	440	230	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,530	1,285	1,250	2.7	2.7	2.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,120	555	565	1.2	1.2	1.2
Korean	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	135	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,125	1,015	1,110	2.3	2.2	2.4
Sikh	4,010	2,215	1,800	4.3	4.7	3.8
Austrian	380	185	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belgian	205	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	635	365	265	0.7	0.8	0.6
Mexican	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	405	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Finnish	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	345	185	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Muslim	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	750	380	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	205	120	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	1,310	620	685	1.4	1.3	1.5
Newfoundlander	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	590	290	305	0.6	0.6	0.7
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	180	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	150	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Congolese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	170	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ilocano	480	275	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	775	380	400	0.8	0.8	0.9
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	255	110	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Burundian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	260	100	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
Vincentian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	40	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Edo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	93,985	47,095	46,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,120	475	640	1.2	1.0	1.4
Christian	52,685	25,360	27,325	56.1	53.8	58.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,755	3,210	3,540	7.2	6.8	7.5
Anabaptist	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	1,320	635	685	1.4	1.3	1.5
Baptist	895	415	480	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catholic	36,205	17,570	18,635	38.5	37.3	39.7
Christian Orthodox	775	390	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	745	320	425	0.8	0.7	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	160	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,140	545	595	1.2	1.2	1.3
Presbyterian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	1,425	625	795	1.5	1.3	1.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,415	1,180	1,235	2.6	2.5	2.6
Hindu	2,160	1,200	955	2.3	2.5	2.0
Jewish	345	165	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	770	415	355	0.8	0.9	0.8
Sikh	15,730	8,380	7,340	16.7	17.8	15.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	325	125	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	245	105	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	20,615	10,865	9,755	21.9	23.1	20.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	92,935	46,585	46,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	82,240	41,075	41,165	88.5	88.2	88.8
Movers	10,690	5,510	5,185	11.5	11.8	11.2
Non-migrants	8,095	4,065	4,025	8.7	8.7	8.7
Migrants	2,600	1,445	1,155	2.8	3.1	2.5
Internal migrants	1,905	1,090	815	2.0	2.3	1.8
Intraprovincial migrants	415	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,490	885	605	1.6	1.9	1.3
External migrants	695	350	340	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	88,410	44,160	44,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,945	26,870	27,075	61.0	60.8	61.2
Movers	34,465	17,285	17,175	39.0	39.1	38.8
Non-migrants	22,475	11,055	11,420	25.4	25.0	25.8
Migrants	11,990	6,230	5,760	13.6	14.1	13.0
Internal migrants	2,690	1,345	1,345	3.0	3.0	3.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,505	740	765	1.7	1.7	1.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,180	605	575	1.3	1.4	1.3
External migrants	9,300	4,885	4,415	10.5	11.1	10.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,200	37,955	38,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,915	7,645	7,270	19.6	20.1	19.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,280	30,310	30,970	80.4	79.9	81.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,330	24,670	24,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,370	3,510	2,865	12.9	14.2	11.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,960	21,165	21,795	87.1	85.8	88.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,200	37,955	38,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,855	7,090	6,765	18.2	18.7	17.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,255	12,960	11,295	31.8	34.1	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,095	17,905	20,185	50.0	47.2	52.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,030	10,225	9,805	26.3	26.9	25.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,125	2,720	1,405	5.4	7.2	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,495	1,485	1,010	3.3	3.9	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,630	1,230	395	2.1	3.2	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,130	6,195	6,935	17.2	16.3	18.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,780	1,315	1,465	3.6	3.5	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,060	7,680	10,385	23.7	20.2	27.2
Bachelor's degree	13,840	5,990	7,850	18.2	15.8	20.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,305	615	695	1.7	1.6	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	2,560	895	1,665	3.4	2.4	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,330	24,665	24,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,715	3,175	2,540	11.6	12.9	10.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,795	7,795	6,000	28.0	31.6	24.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,815	13,700	16,120	60.4	55.5	65.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,170	7,195	6,975	28.7	29.2	28.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,930	1,980	950	5.9	8.0	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,770	1,100	665	3.6	4.5	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,165	880	285	2.4	3.6	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,300	4,305	4,995	18.9	17.5	20.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,935	910	1,025	3.9	3.7	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,650	6,505	9,145	31.7	26.4	37.1
Bachelor's degree	11,970	5,090	6,875	24.3	20.6	27.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,030	480	545	2.1	1.9	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	115	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	2,325	765	1,560	4.7	3.1	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	76,200	37,955	38,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,110	20,050	18,055	50.0	52.8	47.2
Education	2,135	470	1,665	2.8	1.2	4.4
13. Education	2,135	470	1,665	2.8	1.2	4.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	740	370	370	1.0	1.0	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	85	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	610	285	325	0.8	0.8	0.8
Humanities	2,225	1,045	1,180	2.9	2.8	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	315	65	250	0.4	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,260	650	615	1.7	1.7	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	135	50	0.2	0.4	0.1
54. History	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,830	915	1,915	3.7	2.4	5.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	260	140	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	750	50	700	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	330	110	225	0.4	0.3	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	525	135	385	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	875	455	415	1.1	1.2	1.1
Business, management and public administration	9,040	3,360	5,685	11.9	8.9	14.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	370	105	260	0.5	0.3	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,640	3,240	5,395	11.3	8.5	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,005	430	580	1.3	1.1	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	185	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	155	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,850	1,570	1,285	3.7	4.1	3.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,605	1,500	1,100	3.4	4.0	2.9
25. Library science	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	170	55	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,085	7,160	920	10.6	18.9	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	200	120	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,545	2,035	510	3.3	5.4	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,925	1,690	235	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,000	980	15	1.3	2.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,580	1,520	55	2.1	4.0	0.1
48. Precision production	845	815	25	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	435	255	180	0.6	0.7	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	345	220	130	0.5	0.6	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	7,040	1,500	5,535	9.2	4.0	14.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,870	1,405	5,465	9.0	3.7	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,705	825	880	2.2	2.2	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,055	285	770	1.4	0.8	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	220	165	55	0.3	0.4	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	420	365	55	0.6	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	49,330	24,670	24,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,510	10,970	8,540	39.5	44.5	34.6
Education	1,515	325	1,195	3.1	1.3	4.8
13. Education	1,515	325	1,195	3.1	1.3	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	570	285	290	1.2	1.2	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	475	220	255	1.0	0.9	1.0
Humanities	1,870	835	1,035	3.8	3.4	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	160	50	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	275	55	225	0.6	0.2	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,045	510	535	2.1	2.1	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	115	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
54. History	155	55	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,225	670	1,550	4.5	2.7	6.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	570	35	530	1.2	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	250	70	185	0.5	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	400	85	315	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	720	360	365	1.5	1.5	1.5
Business, management and public administration	6,850	2,410	4,440	13.9	9.8	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	295	75	220	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,520	2,335	4,185	13.2	9.5	17.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	710	270	440	1.4	1.1	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	115	165	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	95	170	0.5	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,410	1,265	1,145	4.9	5.1	4.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,200	1,210	990	4.5	4.9	4.0
25. Library science	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,275	5,495	780	12.7	22.3	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	145	100	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	2,260	1,780	475	4.6	7.2	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,435	1,260	175	2.9	5.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	740	730	10	1.5	3.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,060	1,010	50	2.1	4.1	0.2
48. Precision production	635	615	20	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350	200	145	0.7	0.8	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275	175	100	0.6	0.7	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Health and related fields	5,805	1,310	4,495	11.8	5.3	18.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,685	1,245	4,440	11.5	5.0	18.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,235	630	605	2.5	2.6	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	730	195	535	1.5	0.8	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	165	130	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	325	295	30	0.7	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	49,330	24,670	24,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,510	10,970	8,540	39.5	44.5	34.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,820	13,700	16,120	60.5	55.5	65.4
Location of study inside Canada	14,835	6,695	8,145	30.1	27.1	33.0
Same as province or territory of residence	13,595	6,025	7,570	27.6	24.4	30.7
Different than province or territory of residence	1,240	670	575	2.5	2.7	2.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	14,980	7,000	7,975	30.4	28.4	32.3
Americas	230	135	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
United States of America	140	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Europe	300	155	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	14,335	6,630	7,705	29.1	26.9	31.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	9,185	4,130	5,055	18.6	16.7	20.5
Viet Nam	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,965	2,400	2,555	10.1	9.7	10.4
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	45	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	76,200	37,960	38,245	...	...	...
In the labour force	50,775	26,975	23,800	...	...	...
Employed	46,115	24,590	21,525	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,665	2,385	2,275	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	25,425	10,980	14,445	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.6	71.1	62.2	66.6	71.1	62.2
Employment rate	60.5	64.8	56.3	60.5	64.8	56.3
Unemployment rate	9.2	8.8	9.6	9.2	8.8	9.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	76,200	37,955	38,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,840	11,970	14,865	35.2	31.5	38.9
Worked	49,360	25,985	23,375	64.8	68.5	61.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,725	14,830	11,890	35.1	39.1	31.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,635	11,155	11,480	29.7	29.4	30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.3	40.7	41.6	42.3	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	50,780	26,975	23,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,420	675	745	2.8	2.5	3.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,360	26,300	23,060	97.2	97.5	96.9
Employee	45,180	23,180	21,995	89.0	85.9	92.4
Permanent position	39,005	20,225	18,780	76.8	75.0	78.9
Temporary position	6,175	2,960	3,215	12.2	11.0	13.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,990	870	1,120	3.9	3.2	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,180	2,090	2,100	8.2	7.7	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,180	3,120	1,060	8.2	11.6	4.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	50,780	26,975	23,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,420	675	745	2.8	2.5	3.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,360	26,300	23,060	97.2	97.5	96.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	140	110	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,360	2,240	5,120	14.5	8.3	21.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,130	1,665	465	4.2	6.2	2.0
3 Health occupations	4,630	1,025	3,605	9.1	3.8	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,170	1,155	3,020	8.2	4.3	12.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	720	350	370	1.4	1.3	1.6
6 Sales and service occupations	13,645	5,805	7,840	26.9	21.5	32.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,045	10,340	705	21.8	38.3	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	465	390	75	0.9	1.4	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,055	3,220	1,830	10.0	11.9	7.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	50,780	26,975	23,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,420	675	745	2.8	2.5	3.1
All industries¹⁹¹	49,360	26,300	23,060	97.2	97.5	96.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	265	180	80	0.5	0.7	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	75	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	220	155	65	0.4	0.6	0.3
23 Construction	2,830	2,520	315	5.6	9.3	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	7,175	4,765	2,410	14.1	17.7	10.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,340	940	400	2.6	3.5	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	5,810	2,875	2,945	11.4	10.7	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,000	5,085	915	11.8	18.9	3.8
51 Information and cultural industries	495	330	170	1.0	1.2	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,705	620	1,085	3.4	2.3	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	570	330	240	1.1	1.2	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,665	835	830	3.3	3.1	3.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,330	1,300	1,030	4.6	4.8	4.3
61 Educational services	2,370	725	1,650	4.7	2.7	6.9
62 Health care and social assistance	8,115	1,790	6,325	16.0	6.6	26.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	695	300	390	1.4	1.1	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,550	1,415	2,130	7.0	5.2	8.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,030	1,025	1,005	4.0	3.8	4.2
91 Public administration	2,060	1,015	1,045	4.1	3.8	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	53,455	28,185	25,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,655	25,485	23,175	91.0	90.4	91.7
French	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	565	350	210	1.1	1.2	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	565	350	210	1.1	1.2	0.8
English and French	250	95	155	0.5	0.3	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	3,880	2,225	1,660	7.3	7.9	6.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	53,455	28,185	25,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	52,590	27,650	24,940	98.4	98.1	98.7
Official languages	51,410	26,890	24,515	96.2	95.4	97.0
English	51,310	26,875	24,440	96.0	95.4	96.7
French	100	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	1,185	760	430	2.2	2.7	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,175	750	420	2.2	2.7	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	215	95	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	95	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	870	615	255	1.6	2.2	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	830	590	240	1.6	2.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	830	590	240	1.6	2.1	0.9
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	825	590	230	1.5	2.1	0.9
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	860	540	325	1.6	1.9	1.3
English and French	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	810	510	295	1.5	1.8	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	53,455	28,185	25,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,045	26,335	23,715	93.6	93.4	93.8
English	630	390	240	1.2	1.4	0.9
French	180	75	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	2,255	1,195	1,060	4.2	4.2	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,220	1,180	1,045	4.2	4.2	4.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	290	170	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,115	24,590	21,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,760	2,030	2,725	10.3	8.3	12.7
Worked outside Canada	125	115	10	0.3	0.5	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,350	4,930	1,420	13.8	20.0	6.6
Usual place of work	34,885	17,510	17,370	75.6	71.2	80.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,885	17,510	17,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	32,435	15,720	16,720	93.0	89.8	96.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	150	95	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,140	1,580	560	6.1	9.0	3.2
Commute to a different province or territory	155	125	35	0.4	0.7	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,225	22,440	18,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,705	20,415	15,290	86.6	91.0	81.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	29,870	18,825	11,040	72.5	83.9	58.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,835	1,590	4,250	14.2	7.1	22.6
Public transit	3,795	1,260	2,535	9.2	5.6	13.5
Walked	875	335	545	2.1	1.5	2.9
Bicycle	170	130	35	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	690	310	380	1.7	1.4	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,225	22,440	18,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,695	5,500	5,195	25.9	24.5	27.6
15 to 29 minutes	19,035	10,500	8,535	46.2	46.8	45.4
30 to 44 minutes	8,375	4,830	3,545	20.3	21.5	18.9
45 to 59 minutes	1,755	885	865	4.3	3.9	4.6
60 minutes and over	1,375	725	645	3.3	3.2	3.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,225	22,440	18,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,425	1,645	780	5.9	7.3	4.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,050	4,135	2,915	17.1	18.4	15.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,450	4,820	4,630	22.9	21.5	24.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,825	3,170	3,660	16.6	14.1	19.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,105	2,475	2,625	12.4	11.0	14.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,375	6,190	4,185	25.2	27.6	22.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,885	11,335	10,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,560	795	765	7.1	7.0	7.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,325	10,540	9,780	92.9	93.0	92.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,725	8,210	7,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,235	630	605	7.9	7.7	8.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	885	440	445	5.6	5.4	5.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	350	190	160	2.2	2.3	2.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,490	7,580	6,910	92.1	92.3	91.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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