Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Airdrie--CochraneMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	115,240	57,220	58,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	26,545	13,680	12,860	23.0	23.9	22.2
0 to 4 years	7,935	4,095	3,835	6.9	7.2	6.6
5 to 9 years	9,365	4,800	4,570	8.1	8.4	7.9
10 to 14 years	9,245	4,785	4,460	8.0	8.4	7.7
15 to 64 years	74,945	37,010	37,945	65.0	64.7	65.4
15 to 19 years	6,985	3,590	3,395	6.1	6.3	5.9
20 to 24 years	5,150	2,695	2,455	4.5	4.7	4.2
25 to 29 years	5,940	2,910	3,030	5.2	5.1	5.2
30 to 34 years	8,815	4,155	4,660	7.6	7.3	8.0
35 to 39 years	10,595	5,145	5,450	9.2	9.0	9.4
40 to 44 years	9,690	4,815	4,880	8.4	8.4	8.4
45 to 49 years	8,145	4,140	4,005	7.1	7.2	6.9
50 to 54 years	6,865	3,475	3,390	6.0	6.1	5.8
55 to 59 years	6,585	3,175	3,405	5.7	5.5	5.9
60 to 64 years	6,180	2,905	3,275	5.4	5.1	5.6
65 years and over	13,745	6,535	7,210	11.9	11.4	12.4
65 to 69 years	5,200	2,545	2,650	4.5	4.4	4.6
70 to 74 years	3,865	1,870	1,995	3.4	3.3	3.4
75 to 79 years	2,150	1,080	1,065	1.9	1.9	1.8
80 to 84 years	1,170	470	700	1.0	0.8	1.2
85 years and over	1,360	570	795	1.2	1.0	1.4
85 to 89 years	835	405	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
90 to 94 years	455	155	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	60	5	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.0	23.9	22.2	23.0	23.9	22.2
15 to 64 years	65.0	64.7	65.4	65.0	64.7	65.4
65 years and over	11.9	11.4	12.4	11.9	11.4	12.4
85 years and over	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Average age of the population	36.7	36.1	37.3	36.7	36.1	37.3
Median age of the population	37.2	36.4	37.6	37.2	36.4	37.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,390	...	...	66.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,380	...	...	8.2	...	...
Row house	5,630	...	...	13.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,475	...	...	10.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,880	...	...	19.0	...	...
2 persons	13,820	...	...	33.4	...	...
3 persons	6,990	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	8,035	...	...	19.4	...	...
5 or more persons	4,680	...	...	11.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,255	56,835	57,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	88,690	43,540	45,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,195	29,090	29,100	65.6	66.8	64.4
Married	48,865	24,440	24,420	55.1	56.1	54.1
Living common-law	9,330	4,655	4,675	10.5	10.7	10.4
Living common law - Never married	6,760	3,375	3,385	7.6	7.8	7.5
Living common law - Separated	390	205	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,035	1,010	1,025	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	30,500	14,445	16,055	34.4	33.2	35.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,005	10,910	9,095	22.6	25.1	20.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,300	995	1,310	2.6	2.3	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,190	1,900	3,290	5.9	4.4	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,010	650	2,355	3.4	1.5	5.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,590	...	...	44.2	...	...
3 persons	6,865	...	...	20.8	...	...
4 persons	7,910	...	...	24.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,650	...	...	11.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,670	...	...	86.8	...	...
Married couples	24,005	...	...	72.7	...	...
With children⁶	14,400	...	...	43.6	...	...
Without children	9,605	...	...	29.1	...	...
Common-law couples	4,665	...	...	14.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,055	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	2,610	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,350	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,225	...	...	9.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,125	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,255	56,835	57,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	100,815	50,295	50,525	88.2	88.5	88.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,330	28,625	28,710	50.2	50.4	50.0
Parents in one-parent families	4,345	1,120	3,225	3.8	2.0	5.6
Children⁶	39,130	20,545	18,590	34.2	36.1	32.4
In a two-parent family	32,100	16,870	15,235	28.1	29.7	26.5
In a one-parent family	7,030	3,675	3,355	6.2	6.5	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,440	6,540	6,900	11.8	11.5	12.0
Living alone	7,880	3,595	4,285	6.9	6.3	7.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,110	890	1,215	1.8	1.6	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	3,450	2,055	1,395	3.0	3.6	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,295	...	...	70.8	...	...
Couple-family households	25,960	...	...	62.7	...	...
With children⁶	15,010	...	...	36.3	...	...
Without children	10,950	...	...	26.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,335	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,125	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	245	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,535	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,330	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	7,880	...	...	19.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	87,725	43,160	44,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,620	41,105	42,510	95.3	95.2	95.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,800	65,000	40,800	50,800	65,000	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,690	41,150	42,545	95.4	95.3	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	55,200	36,800	44,800	55,200	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,720	39,125	38,600	88.6	90.7	86.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	62,000	32,800	46,000	62,000	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,130	34,155	31,975	75.4	79.1	71.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	63,600	35,200	48,000	63,600	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,730	34,035	37,700	81.8	78.9	84.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,150	4,320	9,000	7,150	4,320	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,895	4,480	5,415	11.3	10.4	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,720	5,920	5,800	5,720	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,490	11,080	13,415	27.9	25.7	30.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	87,555	42,985	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,455	40,990	42,465	95.3	95.4	95.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,600	82,000	49,800	65,600	82,000	49,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,525	41,025	42,495	95.4	95.4	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,700	65,200	42,640	53,700	65,200	42,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,745	39,015	38,735	88.8	90.8	86.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,400	78,800	43,880	61,400	78,800	43,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,055	34,185	31,870	75.4	79.5	71.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,250	77,000	44,360	61,250	77,000	44,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,660	34,015	37,645	81.8	79.1	84.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,810	8,480	11,020	9,810	8,480	11,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,935	4,590	5,350	11.3	10.7	12.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,210	6,670	7,660	7,210	6,670	7,660
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,130	10,930	13,200	27.6	25.4	29.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,940	8,630	9,200	8,940	8,630	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	87,555	42,985	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,080	18,855	13,230	36.6	43.9	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,500	89,000	63,600	77,500	89,000	63,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	90,500	104,500	70,700	90,500	104,500	70,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,820	11,880	14,935	30.6	27.6	33.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	28,400	18,800	21,800	28,400	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,320	45,920	26,920	35,320	45,920	26,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.2	91.4	80.4	87.2	91.4	80.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.8	78.4	66.8	73.8	78.4	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.8	8.6	19.6	12.8	8.6	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.9	1.3	0.9	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.0	6.6	4.4	3.0	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	2.8	5.8	3.9	2.8	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	87,725	43,155	44,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,105	2,050	2,050	4.7	4.8	4.6
With total income	83,620	41,105	42,510	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,020	2,515	4,505	8.4	6.1	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	6,990	2,445	4,545	8.4	5.9	10.7
$20,000 to $29,999	10,260	3,960	6,300	12.3	9.6	14.8
$30,000 to $39,999	8,935	3,385	5,550	10.7	8.2	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	8,020	3,330	4,690	9.6	8.1	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,270	3,285	3,985	8.7	8.0	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,395	3,160	3,230	7.6	7.7	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,400	3,085	2,315	6.5	7.5	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,540	2,740	1,805	5.4	6.7	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,885	2,345	1,540	4.6	5.7	3.6
$100,000 and over	14,890	10,850	4,040	17.8	26.4	9.5
$100,000 to $149,999	9,655	6,615	3,040	11.5	16.1	7.2
$150,000 and over	5,235	4,240	1,000	6.3	10.3	2.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	87,725	43,155	44,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,030	2,010	2,020	4.6	4.7	4.5
With after-tax income	83,690	41,145	42,545	95.4	95.3	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,380	2,640	4,735	8.8	6.4	11.1
$10,000 to $19,999	7,305	2,570	4,735	8.7	6.2	11.1
$20,000 to $29,999	11,785	4,570	7,215	14.1	11.1	17.0
$30,000 to $39,999	10,600	4,170	6,425	12.7	10.1	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	9,795	4,335	5,460	11.7	10.5	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,510	4,270	4,240	10.2	10.4	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,080	4,010	3,070	8.5	9.7	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,505	3,380	2,125	6.6	8.2	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,525	2,790	1,735	5.4	6.8	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,015	2,035	975	3.6	4.9	2.3
$100,000 and over	8,205	6,380	1,825	9.8	15.5	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,930	2,910	1,025	4.7	7.1	2.4
$125,000 and over	4,270	3,470	800	5.1	8.4	1.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	87,725	43,155	44,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,590	9,000	12,590	24.6	20.9	28.3
With employment income	66,130	34,155	31,975	75.4	79.1	71.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,680	3,250	4,430	11.6	9.5	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,620	1,820	2,805	7.0	5.3	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,850	2,650	4,200	10.4	7.8	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	5,195	2,110	3,085	7.9	6.2	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,815	1,965	2,850	7.3	5.8	8.9
$40,000 to $49,999	4,865	2,200	2,660	7.3	6.4	8.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,840	2,275	2,565	7.3	6.7	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,555	2,325	2,225	6.9	6.8	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,990	2,365	1,625	6.0	6.9	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,525	2,170	1,355	5.3	6.3	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,280	1,995	1,285	5.0	5.8	4.0
$100,000 and over	11,920	9,025	2,895	18.0	26.4	9.1
$100,000 to $124,999	5,320	3,635	1,685	8.0	10.6	5.3
$125,000 and over	6,605	5,390	1,210	10.0	15.8	3.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	87,725	43,160	44,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,725	40,195	41,525	93.2	93.1	93.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	67,500	39,600	51,200	67,500	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,770	40,210	41,560	93.2	93.2	93.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	56,800	36,000	45,200	56,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,640	38,615	38,025	87.4	89.5	85.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	66,000	36,000	49,600	66,000	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,110	34,090	32,015	75.4	79.0	71.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	67,500	37,600	50,800	67,500	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,660	32,370	35,290	77.1	75.0	79.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,550	960	4,160	1,550	960	4,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,080	2,940	4,140	8.1	6.8	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	4,960	7,050	6,040	4,960	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	87,555	42,985	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,590	40,105	41,485	93.2	93.3	93.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,600	85,300	48,480	66,600	85,300	48,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,640	40,120	41,515	93.2	93.3	93.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	67,100	41,280	54,000	67,100	41,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,545	38,430	38,120	87.4	89.4	85.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,400	84,800	45,840	65,400	84,800	45,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,795	33,995	31,800	75.1	79.1	71.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,000	82,600	46,200	65,000	82,600	46,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,885	32,600	35,285	77.5	75.8	79.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,285	5,012	7,460	6,285	5,012	7,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,895	2,880	4,015	7.9	6.7	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,120	6,295	9,420	8,120	6,295	9,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	87,555	42,985	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,930	18,775	13,150	36.5	43.7	29.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000	88,000	60,800	76,000	88,000	60,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,600	104,900	67,700	89,600	104,900	67,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,000	11,075	13,925	28.6	25.8	31.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,600	43,600	25,200	31,600	43,600	25,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,400	60,350	33,520	45,400	60,350	33,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.2	95.2	87.0	92.2	95.2	87.0
Employment income (%)	78.8	82.0	73.0	78.8	82.0	73.0
Government transfers (%)	7.9	4.8	13.1	7.9	4.8	13.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.5	1.9	1.0	0.5	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	48,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	132,400	...	...	132,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...	108,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	69,400	...	...	69,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	147,200	...	...	147,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...	120,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	300	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	605	...	...	1.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	795	...	...	1.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	720	...	...	1.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	830	...	...	2.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	920	...	...	2.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	950	...	...	2.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,155	...	...	5.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,385	...	...	5.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,455	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,480	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,405	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,830	...	...	57.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,955	...	...	14.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,940	...	...	11.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,455	...	...	15.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,480	...	...	15.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	325	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	665	...	...	1.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	885	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	875	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	975	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,145	...	...	2.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,225	...	...	3.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,745	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,985	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,010	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,230	...	...	7.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,110	...	...	7.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,565	...	...	47.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,640	...	...	16.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,720	...	...	11.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,200	...	...	19.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,330	5,650	5,685	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,000	58,800	46,000	52,000	58,800	46,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	50,000	41,200	45,200	50,000	41,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,200	...	...	146,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,600	...	...	119,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	131,800	...	...	131,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...	107,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,540	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	169,400	...	...	169,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,600	...	...	137,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...	79,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,400	5,810	5,585	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,950	71,900	55,700	63,950	71,900	55,700
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,000	58,350	47,440	53,000	58,350	47,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,255	56,835	57,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	31,015	15,975	15,045	27.1	28.1	26.2
0 to 5 years	9,785	4,985	4,800	8.6	8.8	8.4
18 to 64 years	70,375	34,665	35,715	61.6	61.0	62.2
65 years and over	12,855	6,200	6,665	11.3	10.9	11.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,825	3,065	3,765	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,205	1,105	1,105	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	700	355	340	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,725	1,650	2,075	...	...	...
65 years and over	895	310	580	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	5.4	6.6	6.0	5.4	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	6.9	7.3	7.1	6.9	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	4.8	5.8	5.3	4.8	5.8
65 years and over (%)	7.0	5.0	8.8	7.0	5.0	8.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	114,255	56,835	57,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	31,015	15,975	15,050	27.1	28.1	26.2
0 to 5 years	9,785	4,985	4,800	8.6	8.8	8.4
18 to 64 years	70,375	34,665	35,715	61.6	61.0	62.2
65 years and over	12,855	6,200	6,665	11.3	10.9	11.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,800	1,405	1,395	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	815	420	395	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	240	135	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,840	920	920	...	...	...
65 years and over	145	65	80	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.7	2.2	2.5	2.7	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.6
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,255	56,835	57,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	43,630	20,840	22,785	38.2	36.7	39.7
In bottom decile	6,130	2,895	3,235	5.4	5.1	5.6
In second decile	7,285	3,260	4,025	6.4	5.7	7.0
In third decile	8,690	4,160	4,530	7.6	7.3	7.9
In fourth decile	10,270	5,030	5,240	9.0	8.9	9.1
In fifth decile	11,250	5,495	5,755	9.8	9.7	10.0
In top half of the distribution	70,625	35,995	34,635	61.8	63.3	60.3
In sixth decile	12,490	6,270	6,220	10.9	11.0	10.8
In seventh decile	13,060	6,565	6,495	11.4	11.6	11.3
In eighth decile	13,975	7,115	6,860	12.2	12.5	11.9
In ninth decile	15,155	7,755	7,400	13.3	13.6	12.9
In top decile	15,945	8,290	7,655	14.0	14.6	13.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,255	...	...	114,255	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	...	...	0.322	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.399	...	...	0.399	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,615	56,925	57,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,110	52,620	52,485	91.7	92.4	91.0
French only	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	8,825	4,010	4,810	7.7	7.0	8.3
Neither English nor French	595	245	350	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,615	56,925	57,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	111,565	55,465	56,105	97.3	97.4	97.3
French	2,130	1,050	1,080	1.9	1.8	1.9
English and French	355	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	570	230	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,615	56,925	57,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,625	55,465	56,155	97.4	97.4	97.3
Official languages	98,910	49,435	49,480	86.3	86.8	85.8
English	96,785	48,380	48,400	84.4	85.0	83.9
French	2,130	1,055	1,075	1.9	1.9	1.9
Non-official languages	12,710	6,030	6,680	11.1	10.6	11.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,675	6,020	6,660	11.1	10.6	11.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	270	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	460	250	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	370	205	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,965	850	1,115	1.7	1.5	1.9
Bikol	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,700	745	955	1.5	1.3	1.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,975	3,890	4,085	7.0	6.8	7.1
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,245	560	680	1.1	1.0	1.2
Baltic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,215	545	665	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	310	140	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	345	145	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	205	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,415	675	745	1.2	1.2	1.3
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	865	400	460	0.8	0.7	0.8
German	825	380	445	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	460	225	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,915	1,485	1,430	2.5	2.6	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages	2,570	1,315	1,255	2.2	2.3	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,535	780	755	1.3	1.4	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	535	275	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	345	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	290	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,310	1,120	1,190	2.0	2.0	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,625	775	845	1.4	1.4	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	290	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	455	235	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	600	260	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	595	260	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	290	135	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,995	1,455	1,540	2.6	2.6	2.7
English and French	590	280	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,125	1,055	1,075	1.9	1.9	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	160	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,615	56,925	57,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	99,035	49,400	49,635	86.4	86.8	86.0
French	655	340	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
Non-official language	3,190	1,545	1,645	2.8	2.7	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,190	1,540	1,645	2.8	2.7	2.9
English and French	1,520	730	790	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	9,570	4,595	4,970	8.3	8.1	8.6
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	370	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,615	56,925	57,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	112,050	55,660	56,395	97.8	97.8	97.8
Official languages	105,640	52,530	53,110	92.2	92.3	92.1
English	104,705	52,065	52,645	91.4	91.5	91.3
French	930	465	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official languages	6,405	3,125	3,280	5.6	5.5	5.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,400	3,120	3,280	5.6	5.5	5.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,145	540	600	1.0	0.9	1.0
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,020	485	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,960	1,960	2,000	3.5	3.4	3.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	495	225	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	485	225	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	210	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,025	1,010	1,010	1.8	1.8	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,805	910	895	1.6	1.6	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,180	590	585	1.0	1.0	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,185	595	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	930	460	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	140	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	310	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,570	1,265	1,300	2.2	2.2	2.3
English and French	280	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,195	1,080	1,115	1.9	1.9	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,615	56,925	57,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	105,010	52,325	52,680	91.6	91.9	91.3
English	2,840	1,395	1,450	2.5	2.5	2.5
French	1,060	510	550	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	4,600	2,150	2,450	4.0	3.8	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,590	2,150	2,445	4.0	3.8	4.2
English and French	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	365	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	175	85	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	495	245	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	114,145	56,720	57,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	113,535	56,445	57,090	99.5	99.5	99.4
English	113,430	56,400	57,030	99.4	99.4	99.3
French	8,835	3,990	4,840	7.7	7.0	8.4
Non-official languages	18,810	9,025	9,780	16.5	15.9	17.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,755	9,015	9,745	16.4	15.9	17.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	920	470	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	880	450	430	0.8	0.8	0.7
Amharic	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	765	390	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,865	1,220	1,645	2.5	2.2	2.9
Bikol	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	160	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,725	1,150	1,580	2.4	2.0	2.8
Waray-Waray	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	325	195	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	90	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,830	5,895	5,935	10.4	10.4	10.3
Albanian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,525	660	865	1.3	1.2	1.5
Baltic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,520	660	860	1.3	1.2	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	315	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	585	235	355	0.5	0.4	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,210	1,060	1,145	1.9	1.9	2.0
Frisian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,515	745	770	1.3	1.3	1.3
German	1,455	715	745	1.3	1.3	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	665	340	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	410	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,060	2,130	1,930	3.6	3.8	3.4
Indo-Aryan languages	3,600	1,920	1,680	3.2	3.4	2.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	180	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	1,235	650	585	1.1	1.1	1.0
Kacchi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,250	1,190	1,060	2.0	2.1	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	960	525	435	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	515	245	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	475	220	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,190	2,105	2,085	3.7	3.7	3.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	450	245	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	380	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	300	175	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Spanish	3,250	1,620	1,625	2.8	2.9	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	365	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,050	550	505	0.9	1.0	0.9
Akan (Twi)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	400	220	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	35	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	745	335	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	730	330	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	465	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	340	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	285	155	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	225	135	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,145	56,715	57,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,360	2,565	2,795	4.7	4.5	4.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,100	2,425	2,670	4.5	4.3	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,845	855	990	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	3,200	1,545	1,655	2.8	2.7	2.9
Inuk (Inuit)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	170	100	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,785	54,150	54,635	95.3	95.5	95.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,145	56,715	57,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,270	615	665	1.1	1.1	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,870	56,105	56,765	98.9	98.9	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,775	...	...	81.6	...	...
Renter	7,595	...	...	18.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,280	...	...	20.0	...	...
Not condominium	33,090	...	...	80.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	1,705	...	...	4.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,850	...	...	16.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,240	...	...	44.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,475	...	...	35.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,320	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 rooms	6,080	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	6,860	...	...	16.6	...	...
7 rooms	6,115	...	...	14.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,990	...	...	36.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	40,725	...	...	98.4	...	...
More than one person per room	645	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,080	...	...	96.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,295	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	540	...	...	1.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,920	...	...	9.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,485	...	...	6.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,210	...	...	15.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,465	...	...	10.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,230	...	...	17.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	9,345	...	...	22.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,175	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,420	...	...	97.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	950	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	17,730	...	...	42.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,865	...	...	52.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,780	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	690	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,500	...	...	15.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,905	...	...	26.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,450	...	...	20.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,270	...	...	17.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,095	...	...	12.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,970	...	...	4.8	...	...
85 years and over	485	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,035	...	...	80.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,150	...	...	19.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,440	...	...	18.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,890	...	...	23.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,685	...	...	18.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,035	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	680	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	31,480	...	...	76.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,865	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not in core need	37,610	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,675	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	75.2	...	...	75.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.9	...	...	15.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,920	...	...	1,920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,890	...	...	1,890	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	424,000	...	...	424,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	490,800	...	...	490,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,590	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.3	...	...	37.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.4	...	...	20.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,594	...	...	1,594	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	114,145	56,715	57,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,685	840	850	1.5	1.5	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,625	820	805	1.4	1.4	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	810	370	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Métis single ancestry	800	445	360	0.7	0.8	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,220	2,460	2,755	4.6	4.3	4.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,110	2,425	2,680	4.5	4.3	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,630	1,290	1,340	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,425	1,110	1,315	2.1	2.0	2.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	107,240	53,415	53,825	94.0	94.2	93.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	114,145	56,715	57,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	107,425	53,555	53,870	94.1	94.4	93.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,100	15,470	14,635	26.4	27.3	25.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	77,325	38,085	39,235	67.7	67.2	68.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,720	3,160	3,560	5.9	5.6	6.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	114,145	56,715	57,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	95,125	47,480	47,655	83.3	83.7	83.0
Immigrants⁸¹	18,450	8,890	9,560	16.2	15.7	16.6
Before 1980	2,655	1,400	1,255	2.3	2.5	2.2
1980 to 1990	1,465	705	755	1.3	1.2	1.3
1991 to 2000	2,240	1,060	1,180	2.0	1.9	2.1
2001 to 2010	4,600	2,220	2,385	4.0	3.9	4.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,490	3,510	3,985	6.6	6.2	6.9
2011 to 2015	4,115	2,025	2,085	3.6	3.6	3.6
2016 to 2021	3,375	1,480	1,895	3.0	2.6	3.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	565	350	220	0.5	0.6	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	18,450	8,890	9,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,945	980	965	10.5	11.0	10.1
5 to 14 years	3,510	1,760	1,750	19.0	19.8	18.3
15 to 24 years	3,295	1,530	1,765	17.9	17.2	18.5
25 to 44 years	8,280	4,015	4,265	44.9	45.2	44.6
45 years and over	1,420	610	810	7.7	6.9	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	18,450	8,890	9,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,080	1,460	1,620	16.7	16.4	16.9
Brazil	145	55	90	0.8	0.6	0.9
Colombia	275	115	165	1.5	1.3	1.7
El Salvador	200	100	95	1.1	1.1	1.0
Guyana	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haiti	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaica	290	160	125	1.6	1.8	1.3
Mexico	350	155	195	1.9	1.7	2.0
Peru	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	70	40	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
United States of America	995	440	560	5.4	4.9	5.9
Other places of birth in Americas	640	335	310	3.5	3.8	3.2
Europe	5,870	2,950	2,915	31.8	33.2	30.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	110	55	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Croatia	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
France	90	40	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Germany	565	275	285	3.1	3.1	3.0
Greece	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	95	65	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
Italy	150	85	60	0.8	1.0	0.6
Netherlands	250	120	130	1.4	1.3	1.4
Poland	240	115	130	1.3	1.3	1.4
Portugal	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romania	185	100	90	1.0	1.1	0.9
Russian Federation	180	70	105	1.0	0.8	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	160	55	105	0.9	0.6	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,830	1,460	1,375	15.3	16.4	14.4
Other places of birth in Europe	840	415	430	4.6	4.7	4.5
Africa	2,160	1,095	1,065	11.7	12.3	11.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Egypt	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Eritrea	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopia	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Nigeria	755	410	340	4.1	4.6	3.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	325	155	165	1.8	1.7	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	815	415	405	4.4	4.7	4.2
Asia	7,135	3,250	3,885	38.7	36.6	40.6
Afghanistan	215	100	120	1.2	1.1	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	120	65	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Iraq	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Lebanon	105	65	40	0.6	0.7	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkey	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	295	130	165	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	30	60	0.5	0.3	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	270	115	150	1.5	1.3	1.6
Taiwan	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	2,610	1,105	1,505	14.1	12.4	15.7
Viet Nam	155	70	85	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bangladesh	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	1,790	880	905	9.7	9.9	9.5
Pakistan	645	315	335	3.5	3.5	3.5
Sri Lanka	120	50	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	520	220	295	2.8	2.5	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	205	135	75	1.1	1.5	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,375	1,480	1,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	565	270	300	16.7	18.2	15.8
Brazil	60	30	25	1.8	2.0	1.3
Colombia	50	15	35	1.5	1.0	1.8
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	40	30	2.2	2.7	1.6
Mexico	95	40	55	2.8	2.7	2.9
United States of America	165	80	85	4.9	5.4	4.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Americas	120	60	55	3.6	4.1	2.9
Europe	570	260	315	16.9	17.6	16.6
France	30	15	15	0.9	1.0	0.8
Germany	20	10	10	0.6	0.7	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Italy	20	10	10	0.6	0.7	0.5
Russian Federation	30	0	25	0.9	0.0	1.3
Ukraine	45	25	20	1.3	1.7	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170	75	95	5.0	5.1	5.0
Other places of birth in Europe	235	115	125	7.0	7.8	6.6
Africa	540	255	285	16.0	17.2	15.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	30	10	20	0.9	0.7	1.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	15	10	10	0.4	0.7	0.5
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	15	0.6	0.7	0.8
Nigeria	265	135	130	7.9	9.1	6.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	30	50	2.4	2.0	2.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	50	45	2.8	3.4	2.4
Asia	1,660	670	990	49.2	45.3	52.1
Afghanistan	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	25	40	1.8	1.7	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	455	220	240	13.5	14.9	12.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	35	30	1.8	2.4	1.6
Lebanon	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8
Nepal	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Pakistan	55	10	50	1.6	0.7	2.6
Philippines	835	350	490	24.7	23.6	25.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20	0.9	0.7	1.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	50	1.9	1.4	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	40	25	15	1.2	1.7	0.8
Australia	25	15	10	0.7	1.0	0.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	114,145	56,715	57,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,125	9,810	10,315	17.6	17.3	18.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,385	9,670	9,715	17.0	17.1	16.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	74,635	37,230	37,405	65.4	65.6	65.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,795	7,490	8,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	9,485	4,695	4,790	60.1	62.7	57.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,655	2,285	1,370	23.1	30.5	16.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,825	2,415	3,415	36.9	32.2	41.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,575	1,960	2,620	29.0	26.2	31.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,585	760	825	10.0	10.1	9.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	145	75	70	0.9	1.0	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,795	7,490	8,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	670	375	295	4.2	5.0	3.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,005	1,400	1,605	19.0	18.7	19.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	580	290	290	3.7	3.9	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	855	465	390	5.4	6.2	4.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,610	4,930	5,685	67.2	65.8	68.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	114,145	56,715	57,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	18,840	9,270	9,570	16.5	16.3	16.7
South Asian	4,955	2,625	2,325	4.3	4.6	4.0
Chinese	1,060	510	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
Black	3,910	2,000	1,915	3.4	3.5	3.3
Filipino	3,665	1,615	2,055	3.2	2.8	3.6
Arab	710	385	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
Latin American	1,910	920	995	1.7	1.6	1.7
Southeast Asian	565	230	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
West Asian	435	225	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	280	105	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	230	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	740	390	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	95,300	47,445	47,855	83.5	83.7	83.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	114,145	56,715	57,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,560	9,055	8,505	15.4	16.0	14.8
English	27,480	13,470	14,010	24.1	23.8	24.4
Irish	20,060	9,860	10,200	17.6	17.4	17.8
Scottish	23,185	11,210	11,975	20.3	19.8	20.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,470	5,085	5,385	9.2	9.0	9.4
German	19,905	9,695	10,210	17.4	17.1	17.8
Chinese	1,495	690	805	1.3	1.2	1.4
Italian	3,760	1,835	1,920	3.3	3.2	3.3
Indian (India)	2,600	1,385	1,215	2.3	2.4	2.1
Ukrainian	8,810	4,185	4,625	7.7	7.4	8.1
Dutch	5,590	2,715	2,880	4.9	4.8	5.0
Polish	4,405	2,090	2,310	3.9	3.7	4.0
Québécois	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,725	2,300	2,425	4.1	4.1	4.2
Filipino	3,460	1,530	1,930	3.0	2.7	3.4
French Canadian	1,110	540	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,560	1,245	1,315	2.2	2.2	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,570	790	780	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis	3,400	1,610	1,790	3.0	2.8	3.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,800	1,470	1,330	2.5	2.6	2.3
Russian	3,065	1,395	1,670	2.7	2.5	2.9
Norwegian	4,195	2,005	2,190	3.7	3.5	3.8
Welsh	2,755	1,325	1,430	2.4	2.3	2.5
Portuguese	635	330	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
American	1,945	980	960	1.7	1.7	1.7
Spanish	1,315	650	670	1.2	1.1	1.2
Swedish	2,745	1,220	1,520	2.4	2.2	2.6
Hungarian	1,750	805	945	1.5	1.4	1.6
Acadian	405	175	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pakistani	785	410	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,010	510	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jewish	305	140	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	490	285	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Vietnamese	305	135	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	250	145	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	435	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	620	340	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	450	200	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	620	245	375	0.5	0.4	0.7
Korean	370	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	995	480	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Lebanese	510	280	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iranian	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	360	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,850	930	925	1.6	1.6	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	405	175	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	595	325	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	1,100	505	595	1.0	0.9	1.0
Belgian	700	355	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	675	310	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mennonite	440	230	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	785	385	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finnish	600	320	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sri Lankan	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	320	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	435	180	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,075	515	560	0.9	0.9	1.0
Muslim	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	805	390	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombian	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	630	315	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
Syrian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	285	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	195	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Turkish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	490	250	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Armenian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	340	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	385	205	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australian	280	145	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Palestinian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	285	190	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Congolese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	310	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	120	85	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	95	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	230	145	85	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bulgarian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	850	430	415	0.7	0.8	0.7
Ghanaian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	190	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Venezuelan	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	25	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	220	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Byelorussian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	114,145	56,715	57,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	405	145	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	54,535	25,765	28,765	47.8	45.4	50.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,410	6,470	6,940	11.7	11.4	12.1
Anabaptist	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	3,090	1,450	1,640	2.7	2.6	2.9
Baptist	1,655	735	920	1.4	1.3	1.6
Catholic	20,515	9,760	10,755	18.0	17.2	18.7
Christian Orthodox	825	375	455	0.7	0.7	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	510	220	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	1,375	685	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Lutheran	1,990	915	1,075	1.7	1.6	1.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	340	135	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,490	700	790	1.3	1.2	1.4
Presbyterian	710	315	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Reformed	225	150	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
United Church	4,695	2,045	2,655	4.1	3.6	4.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,565	1,745	1,820	3.1	3.1	3.2
Hindu	835	435	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Jewish	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,715	1,440	1,275	2.4	2.5	2.2
Sikh	1,945	1,035	910	1.7	1.8	1.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	800	310	490	0.7	0.5	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	52,715	27,515	25,200	46.2	48.5	43.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	112,765	55,960	56,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	96,360	48,010	48,350	85.5	85.8	85.1
Movers	16,405	7,950	8,450	14.5	14.2	14.9
Non-migrants	7,620	3,685	3,935	6.8	6.6	6.9
Migrants	8,780	4,270	4,515	7.8	7.6	7.9
Internal migrants	8,285	4,000	4,285	7.3	7.1	7.5
Intraprovincial migrants	6,325	3,105	3,220	5.6	5.5	5.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,960	895	1,065	1.7	1.6	1.9
External migrants	500	270	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,240	52,635	53,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	55,530	27,840	27,685	52.3	52.9	51.7
Movers	50,710	24,795	25,920	47.7	47.1	48.4
Non-migrants	16,445	8,130	8,315	15.5	15.4	15.5
Migrants	34,265	16,665	17,605	32.3	31.7	32.8
Internal migrants	31,770	15,510	16,255	29.9	29.5	30.3
Intraprovincial migrants	24,940	12,300	12,635	23.5	23.4	23.6
Interprovincial migrants	6,830	3,210	3,620	6.4	6.1	6.8
External migrants	2,500	1,155	1,345	2.4	2.2	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	87,555	42,980	44,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,020	6,555	5,460	13.7	15.3	12.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	75,535	36,430	39,110	86.3	84.8	87.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,615	30,725	31,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,005	2,980	2,015	8.0	9.7	6.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,620	27,740	29,870	92.0	90.3	93.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	87,555	42,985	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,355	5,460	4,895	11.8	12.7	11.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,295	12,305	12,990	28.9	28.6	29.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,910	25,215	26,690	59.3	58.7	59.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,665	16,365	15,300	36.2	38.1	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,785	6,985	1,800	10.0	16.2	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,525	1,535	990	2.9	3.6	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,260	5,445	810	7.1	12.7	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,870	8,125	11,745	22.7	18.9	26.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,005	1,255	1,750	3.4	2.9	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,240	8,850	11,385	23.1	20.6	25.5
Bachelor's degree	14,975	6,315	8,660	17.1	14.7	19.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,010	385	625	1.2	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	175	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	3,375	1,725	1,655	3.9	4.0	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	505	260	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,620	30,725	31,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,785	2,195	1,595	6.0	7.1	5.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,145	8,030	8,110	25.8	26.1	25.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,685	20,500	22,185	68.2	66.7	69.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,605	13,280	12,325	40.9	43.2	38.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,065	5,655	1,405	11.3	18.4	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,915	1,165	750	3.1	3.8	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,150	4,490	655	8.2	14.6	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,130	6,590	9,545	25.8	21.4	29.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,410	1,030	1,375	3.8	3.4	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,080	7,220	9,860	27.3	23.5	30.9
Bachelor's degree	12,730	5,190	7,545	20.3	16.9	23.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	810	305	510	1.3	1.0	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	125	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	2,865	1,440	1,430	4.6	4.7	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	360	160	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	87,555	42,985	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,645	17,765	17,885	40.7	41.3	40.1
Education	3,565	800	2,760	4.1	1.9	6.2
13. Education	3,565	800	2,760	4.1	1.9	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,415	475	935	1.6	1.1	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	160	55	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,195	320	880	1.4	0.7	2.0
Humanities	2,030	835	1,195	2.3	1.9	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	325	60	265	0.4	0.1	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	665	250	420	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	450	275	180	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	185	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,995	1,540	3,455	5.7	3.6	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	665	255	410	0.8	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	810	60	750	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	940	220	720	1.1	0.5	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	795	170	625	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,640	780	865	1.9	1.8	1.9
Business, management and public administration	10,830	3,950	6,880	12.4	9.2	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	655	120	540	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,160	3,825	6,335	11.6	8.9	14.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,815	890	925	2.1	2.1	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630	225	400	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	405	215	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	615	370	240	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,680	1,135	540	1.9	2.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,415	1,045	375	1.6	2.4	0.8
25. Library science	105	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,820	11,645	1,175	14.6	27.1	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	305	195	110	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	2,195	1,870	320	2.5	4.4	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,395	2,880	515	3.9	6.7	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,220	3,135	85	3.7	7.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,505	2,415	95	2.9	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,195	1,145	45	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,545	885	660	1.8	2.1	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,000	525	470	1.1	1.2	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	545	360	185	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	7,890	1,355	6,530	9.0	3.2	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	795	365	430	0.9	0.8	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,025	965	6,060	8.0	2.2	13.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,290	1,680	1,615	3.8	3.9	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,675	360	1,315	1.9	0.8	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	850	615	235	1.0	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	730	665	65	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,615	30,725	31,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,935	10,225	9,705	31.8	33.3	30.4
Education	2,630	570	2,060	4.2	1.9	6.5
13. Education	2,630	570	2,060	4.2	1.9	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,170	375	800	1.9	1.2	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	115	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,000	260	745	1.6	0.8	2.3
Humanities	1,615	630	980	2.6	2.1	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	245	40	205	0.4	0.1	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	565	210	355	0.9	0.7	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	330	190	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	155	85	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,295	1,280	3,020	6.9	4.2	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	595	225	370	1.0	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	715	50	665	1.1	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	800	170	630	1.3	0.6	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	645	135	505	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,425	650	775	2.3	2.1	2.4
Business, management and public administration	8,985	3,185	5,800	14.3	10.4	18.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	540	85	455	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,435	3,095	5,335	13.5	10.1	16.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,485	690	800	2.4	2.2	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	530	195	330	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	335	160	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	490	275	210	0.8	0.9	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,435	980	455	2.3	3.2	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,255	920	335	2.0	3.0	1.1
25. Library science	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,585	9,545	1,045	16.9	31.1	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	260	160	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	1,795	1,505	285	2.9	4.9	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,795	2,330	460	4.5	7.6	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,685	2,610	75	4.3	8.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,075	1,995	85	3.3	6.5	0.3
48. Precision production	975	940	40	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,260	680	580	2.0	2.2	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	800	385	415	1.3	1.3	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	460	295	165	0.7	1.0	0.5
Health and related fields	6,480	1,145	5,330	10.3	3.7	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	720	335	385	1.1	1.1	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,705	790	4,915	9.1	2.6	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,730	1,425	1,305	4.4	4.6	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,335	290	1,040	2.1	0.9	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	750	550	205	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	605	550	60	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,615	30,725	31,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,935	10,225	9,705	31.8	33.3	30.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,685	20,500	22,185	68.2	66.7	69.6
Location of study inside Canada	35,750	17,200	18,555	57.1	56.0	58.2
Same as province or territory of residence	24,750	11,910	12,835	39.5	38.8	40.2
Different than province or territory of residence	11,000	5,280	5,720	17.6	17.2	17.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,935	3,305	3,630	11.1	10.8	11.4
Americas	1,705	785	925	2.7	2.6	2.9
United States of America	1,105	545	565	1.8	1.8	1.8
Mexico	160	65	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Colombia	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,865	985	875	3.0	3.2	2.7
Belgium	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,025	575	450	1.6	1.9	1.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	610	305	310	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	285	125	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	2,570	1,095	1,475	4.1	3.6	4.6
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	125	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	1,200	455	750	1.9	1.5	2.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	670	345	315	1.1	1.1	1.0
Pakistan	190	75	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	175	140	45	0.3	0.5	0.1
Australia	125	95	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
New Zealand	50	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	87,555	42,985	44,575	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,005	33,030	29,970	...	...	...
Employed	56,305	29,790	26,515	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,705	3,245	3,460	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,555	9,950	14,600	...	...	...
Participation rate	72.0	76.8	67.2	72.0	76.8	67.2
Employment rate	64.3	69.3	59.5	64.3	69.3	59.5
Unemployment rate	10.6	9.8	11.5	10.6	9.8	11.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	87,555	42,985	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,545	10,505	15,035	29.2	24.4	33.7
Worked	62,015	32,475	29,540	70.8	75.5	66.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,265	19,635	13,625	38.0	45.7	30.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,750	12,840	15,915	32.8	29.9	35.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.5	40.3	41.5	42.5	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,005	33,030	29,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,510	665	845	2.4	2.0	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,495	32,365	29,130	97.6	98.0	97.2
Employee	52,425	27,385	25,040	83.2	82.9	83.5
Permanent position	45,335	24,130	21,205	72.0	73.1	70.7
Temporary position	7,085	3,255	3,840	11.2	9.9	12.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,065	840	1,230	3.3	2.5	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,020	2,415	2,605	8.0	7.3	8.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,070	4,980	4,090	14.4	15.1	13.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,005	33,030	29,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,510	665	845	2.4	2.0	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,495	32,365	29,130	97.6	98.0	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	680	540	140	1.1	1.6	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,710	3,005	7,705	17.0	9.1	25.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,875	3,825	1,050	7.7	11.6	3.5
3 Health occupations	4,445	650	3,790	7.1	2.0	12.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,410	2,695	4,715	11.8	8.2	15.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,490	535	960	2.4	1.6	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	14,790	6,225	8,560	23.5	18.8	28.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,480	11,955	1,525	21.4	36.2	5.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,645	1,355	285	2.6	4.1	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,970	1,580	395	3.1	4.8	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,005	33,030	29,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,510	665	845	2.4	2.0	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	61,495	32,365	29,130	97.6	98.0	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	725	450	280	1.2	1.4	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,710	2,150	565	4.3	6.5	1.9
22 Utilities	810	565	250	1.3	1.7	0.8
23 Construction	6,900	5,780	1,120	11.0	17.5	3.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,985	2,295	690	4.7	6.9	2.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,815	1,280	525	2.9	3.9	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	7,645	3,465	4,180	12.1	10.5	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,570	3,140	1,425	7.3	9.5	4.8
51 Information and cultural industries	975	535	440	1.5	1.6	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,760	650	1,105	2.8	2.0	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,085	590	495	1.7	1.8	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,775	2,550	2,225	7.6	7.7	7.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,755	1,480	1,270	4.4	4.5	4.2
61 Educational services	3,810	935	2,870	6.0	2.8	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,960	970	5,990	11.0	2.9	20.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,275	640	640	2.0	1.9	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,265	1,375	1,890	5.2	4.2	6.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,850	1,325	1,520	4.5	4.0	5.1
91 Public administration	3,660	2,100	1,555	5.8	6.4	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,500	34,615	31,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,400	33,700	30,695	96.8	97.4	96.3
French	175	30	145	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official language	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	750	275	475	1.1	0.8	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	995	515	475	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,500	34,615	31,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	66,175	34,440	31,735	99.5	99.5	99.5
Official languages	65,895	34,285	31,605	99.1	99.0	99.1
English	65,590	34,245	31,340	98.6	98.9	98.3
French	305	40	265	0.5	0.1	0.8
Non-official languages	280	155	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	280	155	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	185	100	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	325	175	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	180	110	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,500	34,615	31,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	65,010	33,950	31,065	97.8	98.1	97.4
English	260	85	175	0.4	0.2	0.5
French	485	205	280	0.7	0.6	0.9
Non-official language	600	290	310	0.9	0.8	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	575	290	290	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,300	29,790	26,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,020	5,795	7,225	23.1	19.5	27.3
Worked outside Canada	155	125	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,785	7,385	2,400	17.4	24.8	9.1
Usual place of work	33,345	16,485	16,855	59.2	55.3	63.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,345	16,485	16,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,500	5,425	8,075	40.5	32.9	47.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,910	9,665	8,245	53.7	58.6	48.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,600	1,180	425	4.8	7.2	2.5
Commute to a different province or territory	335	220	115	1.0	1.3	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,130	23,870	19,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	39,530	21,965	17,570	91.7	92.0	91.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,560	21,185	16,380	87.1	88.8	85.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,970	775	1,190	4.6	3.2	6.2
Public transit	555	255	295	1.3	1.1	1.5
Walked	1,320	540	785	3.1	2.3	4.1
Bicycle	200	145	55	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other method	1,525	965	555	3.5	4.0	2.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,130	23,870	19,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,095	5,530	7,565	30.4	23.2	39.3
15 to 29 minutes	11,615	6,550	5,065	26.9	27.4	26.3
30 to 44 minutes	11,690	7,205	4,490	27.1	30.2	23.3
45 to 59 minutes	4,205	2,790	1,415	9.7	11.7	7.3
60 minutes and over	2,520	1,800	720	5.8	7.5	3.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,130	23,870	19,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,055	3,135	910	9.4	13.1	4.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,955	5,885	3,065	20.8	24.7	15.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,000	5,800	5,200	25.5	24.3	27.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,615	3,395	4,220	17.7	14.2	21.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,800	1,830	2,970	11.1	7.7	15.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,710	3,815	2,890	15.6	16.0	15.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	31,495	16,210	15,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,720	1,380	1,340	8.6	8.5	8.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,780	14,830	13,950	91.4	91.5	91.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,930	11,800	11,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,035	1,030	1,005	8.9	8.7	9.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,105	545	555	4.8	4.6	5.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	930	485	440	4.1	4.1	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,900	10,765	10,135	91.1	91.2	91.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 27, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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