Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Leduc--WetaskiwinMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,240	57,120	57,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24,720	12,565	12,165	21.6	22.0	21.3
0 to 4 years	7,155	3,625	3,530	6.3	6.3	6.2
5 to 9 years	8,705	4,410	4,305	7.6	7.7	7.5
10 to 14 years	8,860	4,525	4,330	7.8	7.9	7.6
15 to 64 years	72,030	36,230	35,805	63.1	63.4	62.7
15 to 19 years	7,320	3,855	3,465	6.4	6.7	6.1
20 to 24 years	5,495	2,910	2,585	4.8	5.1	4.5
25 to 29 years	5,905	2,955	2,945	5.2	5.2	5.2
30 to 34 years	7,745	3,775	3,975	6.8	6.6	7.0
35 to 39 years	8,935	4,385	4,550	7.8	7.7	8.0
40 to 44 years	8,295	4,145	4,150	7.3	7.3	7.3
45 to 49 years	7,325	3,790	3,535	6.4	6.6	6.2
50 to 54 years	6,550	3,310	3,235	5.7	5.8	5.7
55 to 59 years	7,270	3,545	3,725	6.4	6.2	6.5
60 to 64 years	7,190	3,560	3,630	6.3	6.2	6.4
65 years and over	17,485	8,335	9,150	15.3	14.6	16.0
65 to 69 years	6,115	2,940	3,175	5.4	5.1	5.6
70 to 74 years	4,770	2,330	2,440	4.2	4.1	4.3
75 to 79 years	3,035	1,505	1,535	2.7	2.6	2.7
80 to 84 years	1,875	900	980	1.6	1.6	1.7
85 years and over	1,685	665	1,020	1.5	1.2	1.8
85 to 89 years	1,055	450	600	0.9	0.8	1.1
90 to 94 years	475	180	295	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	140	35	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.6	22.0	21.3	21.6	22.0	21.3
15 to 64 years	63.1	63.4	62.7	63.1	63.4	62.7
65 years and over	15.3	14.6	16.0	15.3	14.6	16.0
85 years and over	1.5	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.8
Average age of the population	38.5	38.0	39.1	38.5	38.0	39.1
Median age of the population	38.4	38.0	38.8	38.4	38.0	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	31,465	...	...	74.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,300	...	...	5.5	...	...
Row house	2,305	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	375	...	...	0.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,365	...	...	8.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	420	...	...	1.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,755	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,185	...	...	21.9	...	...
2 persons	14,850	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	6,475	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	6,595	...	...	15.7	...	...
5 or more persons	4,905	...	...	11.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,795	56,555	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	89,515	44,560	44,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,785	27,385	27,400	61.2	61.5	61.0
Married	45,155	22,575	22,580	50.4	50.7	50.2
Living common-law	9,635	4,810	4,820	10.8	10.8	10.7
Living common law - Never married	6,850	3,455	3,400	7.7	7.8	7.6
Living common law - Separated	450	225	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,095	1,035	1,055	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	240	95	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	34,730	17,175	17,550	38.8	38.5	39.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,705	12,720	9,985	25.4	28.5	22.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,415	1,025	1,390	2.7	2.3	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,490	2,430	3,065	6.1	5.5	6.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,120	1,010	3,115	4.6	2.3	6.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,815	...	...	48.8	...	...
3 persons	6,390	...	...	19.7	...	...
4 persons	6,450	...	...	19.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,725	...	...	11.5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,885	...	...	83.0	...	...
Married couples	22,070	...	...	68.2	...	...
With children⁶	11,725	...	...	36.2	...	...
Without children	10,340	...	...	31.9	...	...
Common-law couples	4,815	...	...	14.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,320	...	...	7.2	...	...
Without children	2,495	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,495	...	...	17.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,985	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,510	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,795	56,555	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	97,000	48,345	48,650	86.0	85.5	86.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,770	26,855	26,915	47.7	47.5	47.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,495	1,510	3,985	4.9	2.7	7.1
Children⁶	37,735	19,980	17,755	33.5	35.3	31.6
In a two-parent family	28,260	14,915	13,340	25.1	26.4	23.7
In a one-parent family	9,475	5,060	4,420	8.4	8.9	7.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,795	8,210	7,585	14.0	14.5	13.5
Living alone	9,185	4,610	4,575	8.1	8.2	8.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,995	1,440	1,555	2.7	2.5	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	3,620	2,160	1,455	3.2	3.8	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,980	...	...	66.6	...	...
Couple-family households	24,210	...	...	57.6	...	...
With children⁶	12,585	...	...	30.0	...	...
Without children	11,620	...	...	27.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,775	...	...	9.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,360	...	...	3.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,730	...	...	4.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,520	...	...	3.6	...	...
One-person households	9,185	...	...	21.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	88,160	44,040	44,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,470	41,710	41,765	94.7	94.7	94.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	55,600	37,200	44,400	55,600	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,525	41,735	41,790	94.7	94.8	94.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,400	34,000	40,000	48,400	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,185	38,065	36,120	84.1	86.4	81.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	52,800	28,800	39,200	52,800	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,300	32,885	29,420	70.7	74.7	66.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	54,400	30,600	40,800	54,400	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,435	35,840	37,590	83.3	81.4	85.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	7,550	11,100	9,500	7,550	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,495	5,345	5,155	11.9	12.1	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,720	6,000	5,800	5,720	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,115	11,980	13,125	28.5	27.2	29.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,000	9,000	9,000	9,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	88,190	44,060	44,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,465	41,655	41,815	94.6	94.5	94.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,500	70,300	44,720	57,500	70,300	44,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,510	41,680	41,830	94.7	94.6	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,080	57,100	39,080	48,080	57,100	39,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,005	37,880	36,130	83.9	86.0	81.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,700	67,900	38,760	53,700	67,900	38,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,325	32,810	29,515	70.7	74.5	66.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,400	66,500	38,800	53,400	66,500	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,345	35,670	37,670	83.2	81.0	85.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,270	10,010	12,470	11,270	10,010	12,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,165	5,105	5,060	11.5	11.6	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,250	6,860	7,640	7,250	6,860	7,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,685	11,765	12,920	28.0	26.7	29.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,380	9,230	9,520	9,380	9,230	9,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	88,190	44,060	44,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,760	16,870	11,885	32.6	38.3	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	79,500	58,000	69,000	79,500	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,300	91,100	62,600	79,300	91,100	62,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,635	11,320	13,320	27.9	25.7	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	32,800	17,800	22,600	32,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,720	46,840	24,400	34,720	46,840	24,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.8	87.8	74.8	82.8	87.8	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.4	74.6	61.2	69.4	74.6	61.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.2	12.2	25.1	17.2	12.2	25.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	2.1	1.5	1.2	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.0	7.6	5.4	4.0	7.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	3.7	6.6	4.8	3.7	6.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	88,160	44,040	44,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,690	2,330	2,360	5.3	5.3	5.3
With total income	83,470	41,710	41,765	94.7	94.7	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,040	2,865	4,175	8.4	6.9	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,345	3,155	5,190	10.0	7.6	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	12,490	5,235	7,255	15.0	12.6	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	9,860	3,880	5,975	11.8	9.3	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,600	3,710	4,895	10.3	8.9	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,335	3,460	3,875	8.8	8.3	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,120	3,195	2,920	7.3	7.7	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,910	2,835	2,070	5.9	6.8	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,030	2,520	1,515	4.8	6.0	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,385	2,165	1,220	4.1	5.2	2.9
$100,000 and over	11,355	8,675	2,675	13.6	20.8	6.4
$100,000 to $149,999	7,725	5,585	2,140	9.3	13.4	5.1
$150,000 and over	3,630	3,090	540	4.3	7.4	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	88,160	44,040	44,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,635	2,305	2,330	5.3	5.2	5.3
With after-tax income	83,525	41,735	41,790	94.7	94.8	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,360	2,965	4,400	8.8	7.1	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,655	3,280	5,375	10.4	7.9	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	14,055	5,895	8,160	16.8	14.1	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	11,600	4,780	6,820	13.9	11.5	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,990	4,635	5,360	12.0	11.1	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,360	4,300	4,065	10.0	10.3	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,435	3,805	2,625	7.7	9.1	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,955	3,110	1,845	5.9	7.5	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,805	2,470	1,335	4.6	5.9	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,355	1,705	650	2.8	4.1	1.6
$100,000 and over	5,940	4,790	1,150	7.1	11.5	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,095	2,385	715	3.7	5.7	1.7
$125,000 and over	2,845	2,410	440	3.4	5.8	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	88,160	44,040	44,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,860	11,160	14,705	29.3	25.3	33.3
With employment income	62,300	32,885	29,420	70.7	74.7	66.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,465	4,000	4,475	13.6	12.1	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	4,605	1,890	2,715	7.4	5.7	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	6,795	2,775	4,020	10.9	8.4	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,560	2,285	3,275	8.9	6.9	11.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,310	2,295	3,015	8.5	7.0	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,750	2,175	2,575	7.6	6.6	8.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,550	2,290	2,260	7.3	7.0	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,100	2,240	1,865	6.6	6.8	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,490	2,115	1,375	5.6	6.4	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,970	1,925	1,050	4.8	5.9	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,820	1,815	1,000	4.5	5.5	3.4
$100,000 and over	8,870	7,085	1,790	14.2	21.5	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	4,160	3,020	1,145	6.7	9.2	3.9
$125,000 and over	4,710	4,070	645	7.6	12.4	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	88,160	44,040	44,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,950	40,840	41,105	93.0	92.7	93.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	58,800	34,800	44,400	58,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,985	40,845	41,140	93.0	92.7	93.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,800	32,400	40,000	50,800	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,845	37,800	36,050	83.8	85.8	81.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	59,200	31,600	43,200	59,200	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,980	33,135	29,850	71.4	75.2	67.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	60,400	33,600	44,800	60,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,590	34,120	35,470	78.9	77.5	80.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,960	1,040	6,000	2,960	1,040	6,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,085	3,455	3,630	8.0	7.8	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	5,320	6,800	5,960	5,320	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	88,190	44,060	44,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,840	40,745	41,095	92.8	92.5	93.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,700	72,600	42,920	57,700	72,600	42,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,865	40,745	41,120	92.8	92.5	93.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,680	58,200	37,280	47,680	58,200	37,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,610	37,595	36,010	83.5	85.3	81.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,950	72,900	40,360	56,950	72,900	40,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,810	33,020	29,785	71.2	74.9	67.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,100	71,900	40,680	57,100	71,900	40,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,530	34,250	35,285	78.8	77.7	80.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	6,370	8,800	7,600	6,370	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,090	3,505	3,580	8.0	8.0	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,630	6,530	8,700	7,630	6,530	8,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	88,190	44,060	44,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,505	16,765	11,735	32.3	38.1	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	81,000	56,800	68,500	81,000	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,700	93,000	60,550	79,700	93,000	60,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,370	10,760	12,610	26.5	24.4	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,200	47,600	24,400	31,200	47,600	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,680	59,500	30,160	43,680	59,500	30,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.8	92.6	82.4	88.8	92.6	82.4
Employment income (%)	76.0	80.2	68.8	76.0	80.2	68.8
Government transfers (%)	11.2	7.4	17.6	11.2	7.4	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.8	1.1	0.8	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,200	...	...	114,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...	95,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,750	...	...	56,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,520	...	...	47,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	300	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	445	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,215	...	...	2.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,320	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,000	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,210	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,425	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,265	...	...	3.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,660	...	...	6.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,685	...	...	6.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,625	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,590	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,480	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,215	...	...	48.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,575	...	...	13.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,260	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,565	...	...	13.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,810	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	445	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	305	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	465	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,295	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,450	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,165	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,400	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,615	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,545	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,215	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,210	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,275	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,110	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,920	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,410	...	...	39.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,980	...	...	14.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,120	...	...	9.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,310	...	...	15.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,805	6,770	6,035	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	48,400	38,800	43,200	48,400	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	42,800	36,000	39,200	42,800	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...	129,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,900	...	...	107,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,400	...	...	121,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...	99,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,200	...	...	153,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,500	...	...	127,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,830	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,600	...	...	78,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,600	...	...	70,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,775	6,860	5,910	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,300	58,850	49,040	54,300	58,850	49,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,680	48,560	42,280	45,680	48,560	42,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,795	56,555	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,230	14,945	14,285	25.9	26.4	25.4
0 to 5 years	8,770	4,415	4,355	7.8	7.8	7.7
18 to 64 years	67,040	33,590	33,445	59.4	59.4	59.5
65 years and over	16,530	8,020	8,510	14.7	14.2	15.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,645	4,995	5,650	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,415	1,665	1,745	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,065	530	535	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,400	2,555	2,845	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,830	770	1,060	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.4	8.8	10.1	9.4	8.8	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.7	11.1	12.2	11.7	11.1	12.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.2	12.0	12.4	12.2	12.0	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.6	8.5	8.1	7.6	8.5
65 years and over (%)	11.1	9.6	12.4	11.1	9.6	12.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	105,095	52,630	52,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,105	13,320	12,785	24.8	25.3	24.4
0 to 5 years	7,875	3,965	3,910	7.5	7.5	7.5
18 to 64 years	62,825	31,435	31,395	59.8	59.7	59.8
65 years and over	16,160	7,870	8,290	15.4	15.0	15.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,760	1,435	1,325	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	735	385	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	220	115	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,785	925	860	...	...	...
65 years and over	235	125	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.7
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,795	56,555	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	53,175	25,820	27,360	47.1	45.7	48.6
In bottom decile	9,250	4,535	4,720	8.2	8.0	8.4
In second decile	10,745	4,975	5,775	9.5	8.8	10.3
In third decile	10,745	5,215	5,530	9.5	9.2	9.8
In fourth decile	10,955	5,395	5,565	9.7	9.5	9.9
In fifth decile	11,475	5,700	5,775	10.2	10.1	10.3
In top half of the distribution	59,620	30,735	28,885	52.9	54.3	51.4
In sixth decile	11,205	5,720	5,480	9.9	10.1	9.7
In seventh decile	11,745	5,940	5,810	10.4	10.5	10.3
In eighth decile	12,530	6,425	6,105	11.1	11.4	10.9
In ninth decile	12,835	6,665	6,175	11.4	11.8	11.0
In top decile	11,300	5,990	5,310	10.0	10.6	9.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,795	...	...	112,795	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	...	...	0.430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	113,595	56,880	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	106,360	53,605	52,755	93.6	94.2	93.0
French only	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	6,810	3,090	3,720	6.0	5.4	6.6
Neither English nor French	360	145	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	113,595	56,880	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	111,240	55,715	55,525	97.9	98.0	97.9
French	1,820	930	895	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	340	140	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	113,595	56,880	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,770	55,570	55,200	97.5	97.7	97.3
Official languages	100,265	50,495	49,765	88.3	88.8	87.7
English	98,315	49,515	48,800	86.5	87.1	86.0
French	1,950	985	970	1.7	1.7	1.7
Non-official languages	10,500	5,075	5,430	9.2	8.9	9.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,345	635	705	1.2	1.1	1.2
Algonquian languages	1,320	630	685	1.2	1.1	1.2
Blackfoot	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,300	625	680	1.1	1.1	1.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	1,300	625	680	1.1	1.1	1.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	1,145	555	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,160	4,435	4,730	8.1	7.8	8.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,125	940	1,190	1.9	1.7	2.1
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,880	830	1,050	1.7	1.5	1.9
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,920	2,955	2,965	5.2	5.2	5.2
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	915	430	485	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	905	425	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	195	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,290	1,175	1,115	2.0	2.1	2.0
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,640	840	795	1.4	1.5	1.4
German	1,590	820	775	1.4	1.4	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	535	265	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	420	200	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,885	940	945	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,825	905	915	1.6	1.6	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,290	645	650	1.1	1.1	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	800	395	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	595	285	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	200	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,825	1,305	1,515	2.5	2.3	2.7
English and French	480	215	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,145	1,000	1,150	1.9	1.8	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	113,595	56,880	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	101,005	50,845	50,155	88.9	89.4	88.4
French	450	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	2,260	1,105	1,160	2.0	1.9	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	285	135	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	1,975	965	1,010	1.7	1.7	1.8
English and French	1,115	525	595	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	8,410	4,010	4,400	7.4	7.0	7.8
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	113,595	56,880	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,375	55,805	55,575	98.0	98.1	98.0
Official languages	106,525	53,435	53,095	93.8	93.9	93.6
English	105,915	53,140	52,775	93.2	93.4	93.1
French	605	295	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	4,850	2,370	2,485	4.3	4.2	4.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	440	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	435	205	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	430	205	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	430	205	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	375	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,410	2,155	2,255	3.9	3.8	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,260	600	660	1.1	1.1	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,155	550	605	1.0	1.0	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,615	1,300	1,315	2.3	2.3	2.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	295	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	700	355	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	625	320	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
German	615	315	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,295	630	660	1.1	1.1	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,270	620	645	1.1	1.1	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	955	465	485	0.8	0.8	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	275	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,215	1,075	1,145	1.9	1.9	2.0
English and French	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,975	945	1,030	1.7	1.7	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	113,595	56,880	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	105,685	53,110	52,570	93.0	93.4	92.7
English	2,330	1,150	1,185	2.1	2.0	2.1
French	845	390	450	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	4,160	1,955	2,205	3.7	3.4	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	1,065	535	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-Indigenous	3,095	1,425	1,675	2.7	2.5	3.0
English and French	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,840	56,595	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	112,560	56,495	56,070	99.8	99.8	99.7
English	112,480	56,450	56,035	99.7	99.7	99.6
French	6,955	3,060	3,895	6.2	5.4	6.9
Non-official languages	15,670	7,665	8,005	13.9	13.5	14.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,290	1,620	1,665	2.9	2.9	3.0
Algonquian languages	3,225	1,605	1,625	2.9	2.8	2.9
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	3,210	1,595	1,610	2.8	2.8	2.9
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	3,210	1,595	1,610	2.8	2.8	2.9
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	625	315	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	2,595	1,290	1,310	2.3	2.3	2.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,385	6,050	6,340	11.0	10.7	11.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	430	225	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	385	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	335	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,130	1,440	1,690	2.8	2.5	3.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,005	1,380	1,625	2.7	2.4	2.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,525	3,770	3,755	6.7	6.7	6.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,135	570	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,130	565	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	280	150	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian	335	140	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	425	210	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,465	1,285	1,185	2.2	2.3	2.1
Frisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,660	865	790	1.5	1.5	1.4
German	1,640	860	785	1.5	1.5	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	685	360	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	155	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	485	255	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,375	1,215	1,160	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,350	1,195	1,155	2.1	2.1	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	890	450	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,635	845	790	1.4	1.5	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,680	780	895	1.5	1.4	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	195	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,375	620	755	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	300	170	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	380	165	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	380	165	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,840	56,600	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,810	7,715	8,095	14.0	13.6	14.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15,545	7,605	7,940	13.8	13.4	14.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,215	5,555	5,655	9.9	9.8	10.1
Métis	4,145	1,940	2,210	3.7	3.4	3.9
Inuk (Inuit)	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	97,030	48,885	48,145	86.0	86.4	85.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,840	56,600	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	10,705	5,245	5,460	9.5	9.3	9.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	102,135	51,355	50,785	90.5	90.7	90.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	31,935	...	...	76.0	...	...
Renter	8,440	...	...	20.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,650	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,260	...	...	7.8	...	...
Not condominium	38,770	...	...	92.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	1,975	...	...	4.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,545	...	...	18.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,770	...	...	39.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,610	...	...	37.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,600	...	...	18.1	...	...
5 rooms	6,830	...	...	16.3	...	...
6 rooms	6,725	...	...	16.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,250	...	...	14.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,620	...	...	34.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,115	...	...	97.8	...	...
More than one person per room	910	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,190	...	...	95.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,840	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,665	...	...	8.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,730	...	...	25.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,605	...	...	11.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,140	...	...	12.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,490	...	...	8.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,575	...	...	13.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,980	...	...	11.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,835	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	39,035	...	...	92.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,990	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,150	...	...	47.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,945	...	...	47.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,925	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	885	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,860	...	...	13.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,985	...	...	21.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,790	...	...	18.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,250	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,370	...	...	15.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,150	...	...	7.5	...	...
85 years and over	740	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,915	...	...	79.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,855	...	...	20.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,215	...	...	18.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,620	...	...	27.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,215	...	...	17.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,265	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,095	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	475	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	405	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,400	...	...	72.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	38,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,880	...	...	10.2	...	...
Not in core need	34,250	...	...	89.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,535	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.5	...	...	66.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.9	...	...	15.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,672	...	...	1,672	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	368,000	...	...	368,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	404,800	...	...	404,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,410	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.3	...	...	36.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.5	...	...	24.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,344	...	...	1,344	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,655	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	200	...	...	200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	224	...	...	224	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,840	56,595	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10,540	5,205	5,335	9.3	9.2	9.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10,375	5,115	5,260	9.2	9.0	9.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,500	4,685	4,820	8.4	8.3	8.6
Métis single ancestry	845	410	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	165	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,440	3,005	3,435	5.7	5.3	6.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,195	2,880	3,310	5.5	5.1	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,510	1,695	1,820	3.1	3.0	3.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,540	1,110	1,430	2.3	2.0	2.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	95,860	48,390	47,470	85.0	85.5	84.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,840	56,600	56,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	108,265	54,420	53,845	95.9	96.1	95.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,740	14,705	14,035	25.5	26.0	25.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,530	39,715	39,815	70.5	70.2	70.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,570	2,180	2,390	4.0	3.9	4.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,840	56,600	56,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	101,185	50,820	50,365	89.7	89.8	89.5
Immigrants⁸¹	11,175	5,515	5,660	9.9	9.7	10.1
Before 1980	2,185	1,115	1,075	1.9	2.0	1.9
1980 to 1990	1,120	530	590	1.0	0.9	1.0
1991 to 2000	1,205	610	595	1.1	1.1	1.1
2001 to 2010	2,355	1,200	1,150	2.1	2.1	2.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,310	2,065	2,245	3.8	3.6	4.0
2011 to 2015	2,130	1,035	1,095	1.9	1.8	1.9
2016 to 2021	2,185	1,030	1,155	1.9	1.8	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	480	270	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,175	5,515	5,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,070	530	545	9.6	9.6	9.6
5 to 14 years	2,275	1,330	940	20.4	24.1	16.6
15 to 24 years	2,100	960	1,140	18.8	17.4	20.1
25 to 44 years	4,950	2,350	2,605	44.3	42.6	46.0
45 years and over	775	345	430	6.9	6.3	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,175	5,515	5,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,610	730	880	14.4	13.2	15.5
Brazil	65	35	30	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombia	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.5
El Salvador	90	40	55	0.8	0.7	1.0
Guyana	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	195	95	100	1.7	1.7	1.8
Mexico	205	90	105	1.8	1.6	1.9
Peru	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	85	45	35	0.8	0.8	0.6
United States of America	630	250	380	5.6	4.5	6.7
Other places of birth in Americas	240	130	115	2.1	2.4	2.0
Europe	3,540	1,865	1,675	31.7	33.8	29.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Croatia	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
France	40	30	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Germany	555	285	270	5.0	5.2	4.8
Greece	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Hungary	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Italy	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	415	255	155	3.7	4.6	2.7
Poland	215	100	115	1.9	1.8	2.0
Portugal	50	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Romania	45	30	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Russian Federation	90	30	65	0.8	0.5	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ukraine	115	50	65	1.0	0.9	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,430	725	705	12.8	13.1	12.5
Other places of birth in Europe	410	215	195	3.7	3.9	3.4
Africa	690	360	330	6.2	6.5	5.8
Algeria	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Morocco	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	65	50	10	0.6	0.9	0.2
Somalia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	195	100	95	1.7	1.8	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	300	135	165	2.7	2.4	2.9
Asia	5,200	2,475	2,725	46.5	44.9	48.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	135	65	70	1.2	1.2	1.2
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	50	50	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	25	35	0.5	0.5	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	80	35	45	0.7	0.6	0.8
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Philippines	2,870	1,340	1,525	25.7	24.3	26.9
Viet Nam	90	60	30	0.8	1.1	0.5
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
India	1,350	680	670	12.1	12.3	11.8
Pakistan	100	60	45	0.9	1.1	0.8
Sri Lanka	125	55	70	1.1	1.0	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	255	90	160	2.3	1.6	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	135	90	50	1.2	1.6	0.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,180	1,025	1,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	265	110	155	12.2	10.7	13.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	25	55	3.7	2.4	4.8
Mexico	55	30	25	2.5	2.9	2.2
United States of America	100	45	55	4.6	4.4	4.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	0	0.9	1.0	0.0
Europe	330	155	175	15.1	15.1	15.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	40	20	20	1.8	2.0	1.7
Ireland⁹⁶	45	25	15	2.1	2.4	1.3
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	10	20	1.4	1.0	1.7
Ukraine	35	15	20	1.6	1.5	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	50	45	4.4	4.9	3.9
Other places of birth in Europe	85	45	50	3.9	4.4	4.3
Africa	105	55	45	4.8	5.4	3.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	20	2.1	2.0	1.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.3
Asia	1,475	695	780	67.7	67.8	67.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	280	165	115	12.8	16.1	10.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,105	490	615	50.7	47.8	53.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.3
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,835	56,600	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,345	6,120	6,230	10.9	10.8	11.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,635	7,860	7,775	13.9	13.9	13.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	84,855	42,625	42,235	75.2	75.3	75.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,985	4,400	4,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,570	2,930	2,640	62.0	66.6	57.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,120	1,415	705	23.6	32.2	15.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,445	1,515	1,930	38.3	34.4	42.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,680	1,055	1,630	29.8	24.0	35.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	665	390	280	7.4	8.9	6.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,985	4,400	4,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	265	160	105	2.9	3.6	2.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,320	1,105	1,215	25.8	25.1	26.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	355	165	195	4.0	3.8	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	365	215	150	4.1	4.9	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,650	2,760	2,895	62.9	62.7	63.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,840	56,595	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,180	5,510	5,665	9.9	9.7	10.1
South Asian	2,945	1,505	1,440	2.6	2.7	2.6
Chinese	550	235	315	0.5	0.4	0.6
Black	1,490	810	675	1.3	1.4	1.2
Filipino	3,730	1,765	1,960	3.3	3.1	3.5
Arab	455	240	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin American	750	340	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Southeast Asian	375	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	340	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	101,660	51,085	50,575	90.1	90.3	89.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,840	56,600	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,575	7,865	7,710	13.8	13.9	13.7
English	23,215	11,405	11,810	20.6	20.2	21.0
Irish	17,910	8,475	9,435	15.9	15.0	16.8
Scottish	18,535	9,165	9,370	16.4	16.2	16.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,415	5,515	5,900	10.1	9.7	10.5
German	24,245	12,010	12,240	21.5	21.2	21.8
Chinese	855	400	460	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italian	1,785	895	890	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indian (India)	1,760	910	855	1.6	1.6	1.5
Ukrainian	11,740	5,815	5,925	10.4	10.3	10.5
Dutch	5,575	2,995	2,575	4.9	5.3	4.6
Polish	5,250	2,560	2,685	4.7	4.5	4.8
Québécois	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,715	1,750	1,955	3.3	3.1	3.5
Filipino	3,240	1,545	1,700	2.9	2.7	3.0
French Canadian	1,055	480	575	0.9	0.8	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,320	1,095	1,225	2.1	1.9	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,640	1,830	1,810	3.2	3.2	3.2
Métis	3,745	1,705	2,040	3.3	3.0	3.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,065	1,070	1,000	1.8	1.9	1.8
Russian	3,030	1,395	1,635	2.7	2.5	2.9
Norwegian	6,005	2,845	3,155	5.3	5.0	5.6
Welsh	2,275	1,165	1,110	2.0	2.1	2.0
Portuguese	545	250	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
American	2,040	1,010	1,030	1.8	1.8	1.8
Spanish	725	285	445	0.6	0.5	0.8
Swedish	4,110	2,110	2,000	3.6	3.7	3.6
Hungarian	1,455	735	715	1.3	1.3	1.3
Acadian	330	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	400	185	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jewish	215	75	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	440	240	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vietnamese	220	135	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	220	140	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	565	255	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,735	2,875	2,860	5.1	5.1	5.1
Korean	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	570	265	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	435	230	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	310	120	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	1,495	710	785	1.3	1.3	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,285	550	730	1.1	1.0	1.3
Sikh	400	215	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austrian	1,000	520	475	0.9	0.9	0.8
Belgian	750	400	355	0.7	0.7	0.6
Haitian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mexican	340	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	475	215	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Swiss	765	360	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Finnish	640	330	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sri Lankan	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	280	185	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japanese	320	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	325	205	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	885	445	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Muslim	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	475	230	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	625	295	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	380	200	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	880	420	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Ghanaian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	1,655	805	850	1.5	1.4	1.5
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,840	56,600	56,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	54,740	26,160	28,580	48.5	46.2	50.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,315	5,910	6,405	10.9	10.4	11.4
Anabaptist	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,630	1,185	1,445	2.3	2.1	2.6
Baptist	2,135	965	1,170	1.9	1.7	2.1
Catholic	19,605	9,470	10,135	17.4	16.7	18.0
Christian Orthodox	950	505	445	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	605	240	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	975	505	470	0.9	0.9	0.8
Lutheran	4,515	2,170	2,345	4.0	3.8	4.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,900	925	975	1.7	1.6	1.7
Presbyterian	405	180	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Reformed	445	250	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Church	4,705	2,100	2,605	4.2	3.7	4.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,205	1,585	1,615	2.8	2.8	2.9
Hindu	595	305	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	585	300	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	1,520	790	730	1.3	1.4	1.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	4,365	2,220	2,140	3.9	3.9	3.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,210	470	745	1.1	0.8	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	49,545	26,220	23,330	43.9	46.3	41.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,595	55,970	55,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,335	49,595	48,740	88.1	88.6	87.6
Movers	13,255	6,375	6,890	11.9	11.4	12.4
Non-migrants	5,900	2,840	3,055	5.3	5.1	5.5
Migrants	7,360	3,530	3,830	6.6	6.3	6.9
Internal migrants	7,195	3,455	3,745	6.4	6.2	6.7
Intraprovincial migrants	6,215	2,970	3,245	5.6	5.3	5.8
Interprovincial migrants	985	480	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,795	52,985	52,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,270	33,165	32,110	61.7	62.6	60.8
Movers	40,525	19,820	20,700	38.3	37.4	39.2
Non-migrants	12,515	6,170	6,350	11.8	11.6	12.0
Migrants	28,010	13,655	14,360	26.5	25.8	27.2
Internal migrants	26,635	13,030	13,605	25.2	24.6	25.8
Intraprovincial migrants	22,660	11,040	11,625	21.4	20.8	22.0
Interprovincial migrants	3,975	1,995	1,980	3.8	3.8	3.7
External migrants	1,370	615	755	1.3	1.2	1.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,185	44,060	44,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,655	11,070	8,580	22.3	25.1	19.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,535	32,985	35,550	77.7	74.9	80.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,975	29,410	29,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,055	5,370	3,680	15.4	18.3	12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,920	24,035	25,890	84.6	81.7	87.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,190	44,055	44,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,625	8,990	7,640	18.9	20.4	17.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,655	13,640	15,015	32.5	31.0	34.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,905	21,425	21,480	48.7	48.6	48.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,100	17,015	14,090	35.3	38.6	31.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,475	9,480	2,000	13.0	21.5	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,705	1,585	1,120	3.1	3.6	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,775	7,890	880	10.0	17.9	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,905	6,600	10,310	19.2	15.0	23.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,720	935	1,780	3.1	2.1	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,805	4,410	7,390	13.4	10.0	16.7
Bachelor's degree	9,045	3,170	5,875	10.3	7.2	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	710	290	415	0.8	0.7	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	195	130	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Master's degree	1,695	720	975	1.9	1.6	2.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	160	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,975	29,410	29,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,080	4,020	3,065	12.0	13.7	10.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,080	8,865	9,215	30.7	30.1	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,810	16,515	17,290	57.3	56.2	58.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,130	13,105	11,030	40.9	44.6	37.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,710	7,200	1,515	14.8	24.5	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,940	1,135	805	3.3	3.9	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,775	6,065	710	11.5	20.6	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,390	5,220	8,170	22.7	17.7	27.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,030	690	1,345	3.4	2.3	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,680	3,415	6,265	16.4	11.6	21.2
Bachelor's degree	7,480	2,495	4,980	12.7	8.5	16.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	530	200	330	0.9	0.7	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	1,440	580	860	2.4	2.0	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	88,190	44,055	44,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,280	22,630	22,655	51.3	51.4	51.3
Education	3,430	720	2,715	3.9	1.6	6.2
13. Education	3,430	720	2,715	3.9	1.6	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	930	335	595	1.1	0.8	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	100	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	800	235	565	0.9	0.5	1.3
Humanities	1,415	585	835	1.6	1.3	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	235	55	185	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	420	155	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	455	275	180	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,040	740	2,290	3.4	1.7	5.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	350	130	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	780	35	740	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	560	85	475	0.6	0.2	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	530	100	435	0.6	0.2	1.0
45. Social sciences	715	360	355	0.8	0.8	0.8
Business, management and public administration	7,580	2,385	5,190	8.6	5.4	11.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	630	105	525	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,935	2,280	4,655	7.9	5.2	10.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,035	415	625	1.2	0.9	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	175	240	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	290	100	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	190	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	20	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	855	525	325	1.0	1.2	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	735	480	250	0.8	1.1	0.6
25. Library science	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,300	12,460	840	15.1	28.3	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,020	875	145	1.2	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,765	2,445	325	3.1	5.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,585	3,450	140	4.1	7.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,095	3,015	80	3.5	6.8	0.2
48. Precision production	2,710	2,590	120	3.1	5.9	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,500	815	685	1.7	1.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,165	630	530	1.3	1.4	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	180	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Health and related fields	6,635	880	5,750	7.5	2.0	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	400	165	240	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,165	670	5,495	7.0	1.5	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,165	1,560	1,610	3.6	3.5	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,610	340	1,270	1.8	0.8	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	700	425	280	0.8	1.0	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	850	790	60	1.0	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,975	29,410	29,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,165	12,890	12,275	42.7	43.8	41.5
Education	2,445	415	2,030	4.1	1.4	6.9
13. Education	2,445	415	2,030	4.1	1.4	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	685	205	480	1.2	0.7	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	605	150	455	1.0	0.5	1.5
Humanities	1,060	435	625	1.8	1.5	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	195	35	165	0.3	0.1	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	115	205	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	205	115	0.5	0.7	0.4
54. History	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,570	600	1,970	4.4	2.0	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320	120	200	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	660	25	635	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	475	55	425	0.8	0.2	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	430	75	355	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	585	295	290	1.0	1.0	1.0
Business, management and public administration	6,190	1,910	4,280	10.5	6.5	14.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	495	70	430	0.8	0.2	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,680	1,835	3,845	9.6	6.2	13.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	845	330	515	1.4	1.1	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	350	140	210	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	80	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	160	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	15	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	725	455	275	1.2	1.5	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	650	425	225	1.1	1.4	0.8
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,365	9,615	750	17.6	32.7	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	860	745	115	1.5	2.5	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,085	1,800	285	3.5	6.1	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,745	2,630	110	4.7	8.9	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,345	2,275	70	4.0	7.7	0.2
48. Precision production	2,235	2,115	120	3.8	7.2	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,120	540	585	1.9	1.8	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	855	410	450	1.4	1.4	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	135	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Health and related fields	5,225	725	4,505	8.9	2.5	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	340	130	205	0.6	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,840	560	4,280	8.2	1.9	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,560	1,285	1,275	4.3	4.4	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,240	260	980	2.1	0.9	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	620	370	250	1.1	1.3	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	690	655	40	1.2	2.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,975	29,410	29,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,165	12,890	12,275	42.7	43.8	41.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,810	16,520	17,290	57.3	56.2	58.5
Location of study inside Canada	30,125	14,810	15,310	51.1	50.4	51.8
Same as province or territory of residence	24,155	12,055	12,100	41.0	41.0	40.9
Different than province or territory of residence	5,965	2,755	3,210	10.1	9.4	10.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,685	1,705	1,975	6.2	5.8	6.7
Americas	775	365	410	1.3	1.2	1.4
United States of America	505	250	255	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mexico	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	80	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Europe	775	405	370	1.3	1.4	1.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romania	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	155	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	1,895	810	1,085	3.2	2.8	3.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	1,220	490	725	2.1	1.7	2.5
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	455	215	240	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pakistan	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australia	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	88,190	44,060	44,130	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,205	31,115	27,090	...	...	...
Employed	51,645	27,650	24,000	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,565	3,465	3,095	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,980	12,945	17,040	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.0	70.6	61.4	66.0	70.6	61.4
Employment rate	58.6	62.8	54.4	58.6	62.8	54.4
Unemployment rate	11.3	11.1	11.4	11.3	11.1	11.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	88,190	44,055	44,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,685	14,075	17,605	35.9	31.9	39.9
Worked	56,510	29,980	26,525	64.1	68.1	60.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,900	17,625	12,270	33.9	40.0	27.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,605	12,350	14,255	30.2	28.0	32.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.8	39.8	40.9	41.8	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,210	31,115	27,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,065	1,170	895	3.5	3.8	3.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,140	29,945	26,195	96.4	96.2	96.7
Employee	46,720	24,185	22,530	80.3	77.7	83.2
Permanent position	39,025	20,480	18,550	67.0	65.8	68.5
Temporary position	7,695	3,705	3,990	13.2	11.9	14.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,210	940	1,275	3.8	3.0	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,480	2,775	2,715	9.4	8.9	10.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,425	5,760	3,665	16.2	18.5	13.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,210	31,115	27,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,065	1,170	895	3.5	3.8	3.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,140	29,945	26,195	96.4	96.2	96.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	490	335	155	0.8	1.1	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,245	2,100	7,140	15.9	6.7	26.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,790	2,180	615	4.8	7.0	2.3
3 Health occupations	3,540	420	3,115	6.1	1.3	11.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,820	1,760	4,060	10.0	5.7	15.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	980	315	665	1.7	1.0	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	12,455	4,860	7,595	21.4	15.6	28.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,790	13,340	1,455	25.4	42.9	5.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,060	3,040	1,030	7.0	9.8	3.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,970	1,595	370	3.4	5.1	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,210	31,115	27,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,065	1,170	895	3.5	3.8	3.3
All industries¹⁹¹	56,140	29,945	26,195	96.4	96.2	96.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,460	1,520	940	4.2	4.9	3.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,445	2,835	615	5.9	9.1	2.3
22 Utilities	495	355	140	0.9	1.1	0.5
23 Construction	6,770	5,670	1,100	11.6	18.2	4.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,465	2,550	910	6.0	8.2	3.4
41 Wholesale trade	2,280	1,660	615	3.9	5.3	2.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,565	2,895	3,670	11.3	9.3	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,655	2,610	1,045	6.3	8.4	3.9
51 Information and cultural industries	405	220	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,245	370	880	2.1	1.2	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,015	550	465	1.7	1.8	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,045	1,490	1,560	5.2	4.8	5.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,080	1,040	1,035	3.6	3.3	3.8
61 Educational services	3,520	765	2,755	6.0	2.5	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	5,775	640	5,140	9.9	2.1	19.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	995	455	540	1.7	1.5	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,540	910	1,625	4.4	2.9	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,860	1,605	1,260	4.9	5.2	4.7
91 Public administration	3,465	1,770	1,695	6.0	5.7	6.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,425	32,475	28,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,085	31,890	28,190	97.8	98.2	97.4
French	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	400	145	250	0.7	0.4	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	790	375	410	1.3	1.2	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,425	32,475	28,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,205	32,375	28,835	99.6	99.7	99.6
Official languages	61,070	32,310	28,760	99.4	99.5	99.3
English	60,920	32,280	28,635	99.2	99.4	98.9
French	155	30	125	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	220	100	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	170	80	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,425	32,475	28,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	60,425	32,030	28,395	98.4	98.6	98.1
English	150	50	105	0.2	0.2	0.4
French	295	125	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	500	245	250	0.8	0.8	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	195	75	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-Indigenous	300	175	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,650	27,650	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,020	4,115	4,910	17.5	14.9	20.5
Worked outside Canada	80	70	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	9,130	7,065	2,065	17.7	25.6	8.6
Usual place of work	33,420	16,405	17,015	64.7	59.3	70.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,415	16,405	17,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,295	5,045	7,245	36.8	30.8	42.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	19,100	10,120	8,980	57.2	61.7	52.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,845	1,120	725	5.5	6.8	4.3
Commute to a different province or territory	180	115	65	0.5	0.7	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,545	23,465	19,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	39,465	21,845	17,615	92.8	93.1	92.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,180	20,950	16,230	87.4	89.3	85.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,285	895	1,390	5.4	3.8	7.3
Public transit	330	170	160	0.8	0.7	0.8
Walked	1,270	485	785	3.0	2.1	4.1
Bicycle	155	120	30	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	1,330	840	490	3.1	3.6	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,545	23,465	19,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,215	6,390	7,825	33.4	27.2	41.0
15 to 29 minutes	12,715	6,935	5,785	29.9	29.6	30.3
30 to 44 minutes	9,065	5,535	3,525	21.3	23.6	18.5
45 to 59 minutes	3,560	2,405	1,155	8.4	10.2	6.1
60 minutes and over	2,995	2,205	790	7.0	9.4	4.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,545	23,465	19,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,730	2,965	765	8.8	12.6	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,425	5,610	2,810	19.8	23.9	14.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,300	6,640	5,660	28.9	28.3	29.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,695	3,190	4,505	18.1	13.6	23.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,055	1,555	2,500	9.5	6.6	13.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,340	3,500	2,840	14.9	14.9	14.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,755	15,230	14,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,785	880	900	6.0	5.8	6.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,970	14,345	13,625	94.0	94.2	93.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,070	11,335	10,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,295	620	675	5.9	5.5	6.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	200	245	2.0	1.8	2.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	845	420	425	3.8	3.7	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,775	10,710	10,060	94.1	94.5	93.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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