Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Red DeerMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,975	56,910	58,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,025	10,840	10,185	18.3	19.0	17.5
0 to 4 years	6,190	3,165	3,025	5.4	5.6	5.2
5 to 9 years	7,275	3,795	3,480	6.3	6.7	6.0
10 to 14 years	7,560	3,880	3,685	6.6	6.8	6.3
15 to 64 years	76,270	38,095	38,170	66.3	66.9	65.7
15 to 19 years	7,005	3,595	3,415	6.1	6.3	5.9
20 to 24 years	6,670	3,380	3,290	5.8	5.9	5.7
25 to 29 years	7,225	3,610	3,615	6.3	6.3	6.2
30 to 34 years	8,450	4,280	4,170	7.3	7.5	7.2
35 to 39 years	8,970	4,415	4,555	7.8	7.8	7.8
40 to 44 years	8,425	4,230	4,195	7.3	7.4	7.2
45 to 49 years	7,385	3,750	3,635	6.4	6.6	6.3
50 to 54 years	6,860	3,405	3,445	6.0	6.0	5.9
55 to 59 years	7,605	3,680	3,925	6.6	6.5	6.8
60 to 64 years	7,675	3,750	3,925	6.7	6.6	6.8
65 years and over	17,680	7,975	9,705	15.4	14.0	16.7
65 to 69 years	6,230	2,925	3,305	5.4	5.1	5.7
70 to 74 years	4,540	2,130	2,410	3.9	3.7	4.2
75 to 79 years	2,875	1,330	1,545	2.5	2.3	2.7
80 to 84 years	2,030	880	1,150	1.8	1.5	2.0
85 years and over	2,000	705	1,295	1.7	1.2	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,305	495	810	1.1	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	560	180	380	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	115	20	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	19.0	17.5	18.3	19.0	17.5
15 to 64 years	66.3	66.9	65.7	66.3	66.9	65.7
65 years and over	15.4	14.0	16.7	15.4	14.0	16.7
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Average age of the population	39.6	38.7	40.5	39.6	38.7	40.5
Median age of the population	38.8	38.0	39.6	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,780	...	...	56.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,485	...	...	7.6	...	...
Row house	4,415	...	...	9.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,515	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,650	...	...	18.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	590	...	...	1.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,555	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,925	...	...	28.1	...	...
2 persons	16,345	...	...	35.5	...	...
3 persons	6,735	...	...	14.6	...	...
4 persons	6,185	...	...	13.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,845	...	...	8.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,820	55,285	56,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,950	46,075	47,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	52,315	26,100	26,215	55.7	56.6	54.8
Married	42,935	21,435	21,505	45.7	46.5	44.9
Living common-law	9,375	4,665	4,715	10.0	10.1	9.8
Living common law - Never married	6,720	3,370	3,350	7.2	7.3	7.0
Living common law - Separated	480	260	220	0.5	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,985	950	1,035	2.1	2.1	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	195	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	41,630	19,975	21,660	44.3	43.4	45.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,370	15,050	12,320	29.1	32.7	25.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,780	1,155	1,625	3.0	2.5	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,135	2,855	4,275	7.6	6.2	8.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,350	910	3,435	4.6	2.0	7.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,250	...	...	52.0	...	...
3 persons	6,195	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	5,900	...	...	18.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,880	...	...	9.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,610	...	...	82.0	...	...
Married couples	20,915	...	...	67.0	...	...
With children⁶	10,820	...	...	34.7	...	...
Without children	10,100	...	...	32.4	...	...
Common-law couples	4,685	...	...	15.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,890	...	...	6.1	...	...
Without children	2,800	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,615	...	...	18.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,355	...	...	13.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,265	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,815	55,285	56,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	90,135	44,475	45,665	80.6	80.4	80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,215	25,545	25,670	45.8	46.2	45.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,620	1,260	4,355	5.0	2.3	7.7
Children⁶	33,305	17,665	15,645	29.8	32.0	27.7
In a two-parent family	24,580	12,935	11,650	22.0	23.4	20.6
In a one-parent family	8,725	4,735	3,995	7.8	8.6	7.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,680	10,810	10,875	19.4	19.6	19.2
Living alone	12,925	6,005	6,920	11.6	10.9	12.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,700	1,225	1,475	2.4	2.2	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	6,060	3,580	2,480	5.4	6.5	4.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,510	...	...	59.8	...	...
Couple-family households	23,230	...	...	50.5	...	...
With children⁶	11,490	...	...	25.0	...	...
Without children	11,745	...	...	25.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,275	...	...	9.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	935	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,835	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,590	...	...	5.6	...	...
One-person households	12,925	...	...	28.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,870	44,485	46,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,725	42,420	44,310	95.4	95.4	95.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,800	37,600	43,200	50,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,765	42,435	44,330	95.5	95.4	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,400	34,800	38,800	44,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,130	38,940	39,195	86.0	87.5	84.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,800	29,600	37,200	46,800	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,780	33,025	31,755	71.3	74.2	68.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	47,200	31,400	38,800	47,200	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,205	37,065	40,135	85.0	83.3	86.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,200	10,600	9,400	8,200	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,230	5,990	5,245	12.4	13.5	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,840	6,000	5,680	5,840	6,000	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,845	13,635	14,205	30.6	30.7	30.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,920	44,510	46,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,680	42,355	44,325	95.3	95.2	95.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,050	66,000	46,520	56,050	66,000	46,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,710	42,375	44,340	95.4	95.2	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	54,000	40,320	47,000	54,000	40,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,220	38,955	39,270	86.0	87.5	84.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,120	62,100	40,200	51,120	62,100	40,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,885	33,060	31,825	71.4	74.3	68.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,280	58,650	39,520	49,280	58,650	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,830	36,640	40,185	84.5	82.3	86.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,170	10,230	12,030	11,170	10,230	12,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,185	5,895	5,290	12.3	13.2	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,980	6,940	7,030	6,980	6,940	7,030
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,325	13,325	14,000	30.1	29.9	30.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,010	8,940	9,060	9,010	8,940	9,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,920	44,510	46,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,255	15,530	12,720	31.1	34.9	27.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	72,000	55,200	63,200	72,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,800	83,500	61,950	73,800	83,500	61,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,380	13,450	14,930	31.2	30.2	32.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	27,800	19,800	22,600	27,800	19,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,040	40,200	26,560	33,040	40,200	26,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4	86.6	76.6	82.4	86.6	76.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	69.4	61.0	65.8	69.4	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.7	13.4	23.4	17.7	13.4	23.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	4.6	7.1	5.7	4.6	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	4.3	6.2	5.1	4.3	6.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,870	44,485	46,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,145	2,060	2,085	4.6	4.6	4.5
With total income	86,725	42,420	44,310	95.4	95.4	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,360	2,545	3,820	7.3	6.0	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,995	3,075	4,920	9.2	7.2	11.1
$20,000 to $29,999	14,175	6,030	8,145	16.3	14.2	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,465	4,785	6,680	13.2	11.3	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,130	4,480	5,650	11.7	10.6	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,275	3,950	4,325	9.5	9.3	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,430	3,315	3,110	7.4	7.8	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,920	2,795	2,125	5.7	6.6	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,765	2,260	1,500	4.3	5.3	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,230	2,000	1,230	3.7	4.7	2.8
$100,000 and over	9,985	7,185	2,800	11.5	16.9	6.3
$100,000 to $149,999	6,590	4,445	2,140	7.6	10.5	4.8
$150,000 and over	3,395	2,740	660	3.9	6.5	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,870	44,485	46,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,110	2,045	2,065	4.5	4.6	4.4
With after-tax income	86,760	42,435	44,330	95.5	95.4	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,640	2,645	3,995	7.7	6.2	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,410	3,250	5,155	9.7	7.7	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	16,125	6,915	9,215	18.6	16.3	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	13,705	5,940	7,765	15.8	14.0	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,505	5,310	6,195	13.3	12.5	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,780	4,510	4,270	10.1	10.6	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,300	3,550	2,750	7.3	8.4	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,595	2,780	1,820	5.3	6.6	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,340	2,035	1,305	3.8	4.8	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005	1,330	675	2.3	3.1	1.5
$100,000 and over	5,365	4,170	1,190	6.2	9.8	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,635	1,985	650	3.0	4.7	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,725	2,190	540	3.1	5.2	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,870	44,485	46,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,090	11,460	14,630	28.7	25.8	31.6
With employment income	64,780	33,025	31,755	71.3	74.2	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,910	3,475	4,435	12.2	10.5	14.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,025	2,085	2,940	7.8	6.3	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,600	3,320	4,290	11.7	10.0	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,455	2,780	3,675	10.0	8.4	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,225	2,835	3,390	9.6	8.6	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,085	2,850	3,225	9.4	8.6	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,210	2,600	2,610	8.0	7.9	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,290	2,325	1,960	6.6	7.0	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,350	2,000	1,355	5.2	6.1	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,775	1,695	1,085	4.3	5.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,540	1,545	995	3.9	4.7	3.1
$100,000 and over	7,315	5,515	1,800	11.3	16.7	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,500	2,365	1,135	5.4	7.2	3.6
$125,000 and over	3,815	3,150	665	5.9	9.5	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,870	44,485	46,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,285	41,670	43,615	93.9	93.7	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,800	36,000	42,800	52,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,310	41,675	43,635	93.9	93.7	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,400	32,800	38,400	46,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,655	38,755	38,905	85.5	87.1	83.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	52,000	32,800	40,800	52,000	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,530	33,450	32,080	72.1	75.2	69.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	52,800	34,000	42,000	52,800	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,230	35,100	38,130	80.6	78.9	82.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,380	1,080	5,200	2,380	1,080	5,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,995	3,575	3,425	7.7	8.0	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	5,520	6,850	6,160	5,520	6,850
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,920	44,510	46,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,215	41,540	43,675	93.7	93.3	94.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,350	70,100	45,240	57,350	70,100	45,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,230	41,550	43,685	93.7	93.3	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,560	56,500	39,040	47,560	56,500	39,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,710	38,730	38,980	85.5	87.0	84.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,950	69,500	42,560	55,950	69,500	42,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,385	33,335	32,050	71.9	74.9	69.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,150	66,200	41,560	54,150	66,200	41,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,115	34,775	38,335	80.4	78.1	82.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,360	6,340	8,280	7,360	6,340	8,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,045	3,590	3,455	7.7	8.1	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,690	6,860	8,540	7,690	6,860	8,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,920	44,510	46,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,125	15,460	12,660	30.9	34.7	27.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	72,000	53,200	62,800	72,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,500	84,800	59,650	73,500	84,800	59,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,010	12,845	14,165	29.7	28.9	30.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,800	41,600	26,200	31,800	41,600	26,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,200	57,200	32,440	44,200	57,200	32,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.4	84.0	89.0	92.4	84.0
Employment income (%)	72.4	75.8	67.4	72.4	75.8	67.4
Government transfers (%)	11.0	7.6	16.1	11.0	7.6	16.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.5	1.1	0.9	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,500	...	...	105,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	88,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,500	...	...	55,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,680	...	...	46,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	520	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,760	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,670	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,380	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,595	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,830	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,705	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,315	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,300	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,125	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,000	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,790	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,065	...	...	41.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,800	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,095	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,925	...	...	10.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,240	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	475	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	370	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	550	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,875	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,910	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,635	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,915	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,065	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,965	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,945	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,940	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,730	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,460	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,985	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,005	...	...	32.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,735	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,740	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,535	...	...	12.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,985	9,580	9,405	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	42,800	38,400	40,400	42,800	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,000	35,200	36,400	38,000	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...	124,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,400	...	...	104,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,600	...	...	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,900	...	...	97,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,200	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,600	...	...	125,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,700	...	...	67,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,015	9,470	9,540	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,400	54,150	48,720	51,400	54,150	48,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,640	45,480	41,800	43,640	45,480	41,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,820	55,285	56,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,035	12,900	12,135	22.4	23.3	21.5
0 to 5 years	7,580	3,915	3,665	6.8	7.1	6.5
18 to 64 years	70,495	34,855	35,630	63.0	63.0	63.0
65 years and over	16,285	7,520	8,765	14.6	13.6	15.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,805	4,955	5,845	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,910	1,485	1,425	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	890	465	425	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,140	2,810	3,325	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,755	660	1,095	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.7	9.0	10.3	9.7	9.0	10.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	11.5	11.8	11.6	11.5	11.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	11.8	11.7	11.8	11.8	11.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.7	8.1	9.3	8.7	8.1	9.3
65 years and over (%)	10.8	8.8	12.5	10.8	8.8	12.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,820	55,285	56,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,035	12,900	12,135	22.4	23.3	21.5
0 to 5 years	7,580	3,915	3,665	6.8	7.1	6.5
18 to 64 years	70,495	34,855	35,630	63.0	63.0	63.0
65 years and over	16,285	7,520	8,765	14.6	13.6	15.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,865	1,975	1,895	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	845	425	420	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	235	125	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,725	1,420	1,310	...	...	...
65 years and over	290	130	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.1	3.7	3.9	4.1	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,820	55,280	56,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	56,620	27,180	29,430	50.6	49.2	52.1
In bottom decile	9,890	4,795	5,090	8.8	8.7	9.0
In second decile	11,530	5,240	6,290	10.3	9.5	11.1
In third decile	11,910	5,750	6,155	10.7	10.4	10.9
In fourth decile	11,745	5,750	6,000	10.5	10.4	10.6
In fifth decile	11,545	5,645	5,900	10.3	10.2	10.4
In top half of the distribution	55,200	28,100	27,105	49.4	50.8	47.9
In sixth decile	11,355	5,695	5,665	10.2	10.3	10.0
In seventh decile	11,010	5,505	5,505	9.8	10.0	9.7
In eighth decile	11,550	5,895	5,660	10.3	10.7	10.0
In ninth decile	11,030	5,675	5,355	9.9	10.3	9.5
In top decile	10,255	5,335	4,920	9.2	9.7	8.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,815	...	...	111,815	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436	...	...	0.436	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,495	55,535	56,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,925	52,625	53,305	94.2	94.8	93.6
French only	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,735	2,575	3,155	5.1	4.6	5.5
Neither English nor French	790	315	475	0.7	0.6	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,495	55,535	56,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110,335	54,500	55,835	98.1	98.1	98.0
French	1,200	620	580	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and French	205	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	745	300	450	0.7	0.5	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,495	55,535	56,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,270	53,965	55,305	97.1	97.2	97.1
Official languages	94,730	47,045	47,685	84.2	84.7	83.7
English	93,450	46,385	47,065	83.1	83.5	82.6
French	1,280	660	615	1.1	1.2	1.1
Non-official languages	14,540	6,920	7,620	12.9	12.5	13.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,430	6,875	7,560	12.8	12.4	13.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	985	530	455	0.9	1.0	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	855	465	390	0.8	0.8	0.7
Amharic	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	745	410	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	130	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,955	2,205	2,750	4.4	4.0	4.8
Bikol	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,070	1,805	2,265	3.6	3.3	4.0
Waray-Waray	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,375	3,125	3,255	5.7	5.6	5.7
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,380	670	710	1.2	1.2	1.2
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,365	665	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	395	175	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	560	290	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,245	585	660	1.1	1.1	1.2
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	670	305	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	635	285	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	500	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,535	795	740	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,155	590	565	1.0	1.1	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	360	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	380	205	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	255	140	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,125	1,030	1,100	1.9	1.9	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,870	910	960	1.7	1.6	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	280	150	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	260	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	730	340	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	715	325	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	285	125	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	410	195	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,220	1,570	1,650	2.9	2.8	2.9
English and French	405	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,515	1,210	1,305	2.2	2.2	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,495	55,535	56,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	95,290	47,260	48,025	84.7	85.1	84.3
French	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	3,970	1,905	2,065	3.5	3.4	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,955	1,900	2,055	3.5	3.4	3.6
English and French	875	400	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	11,380	5,500	5,880	10.1	9.9	10.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	495	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,495	55,535	56,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,605	54,120	55,485	97.4	97.5	97.4
Official languages	100,755	49,785	50,965	89.6	89.6	89.5
English	100,415	49,620	50,795	89.3	89.3	89.2
French	335	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	8,855	4,335	4,520	7.9	7.8	7.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,830	4,325	4,500	7.8	7.8	7.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	720	375	345	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	625	330	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	570	305	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,290	1,555	1,735	2.9	2.8	3.0
Bikol	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,785	1,315	1,470	2.5	2.4	2.6
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,470	1,735	1,735	3.1	3.1	3.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	695	365	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	695	365	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	300	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	295	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,080	545	535	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	825	415	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	280	145	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	160	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	255	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,350	640	710	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,245	585	655	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	505	245	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	490	235	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,890	1,415	1,470	2.6	2.5	2.6
English and French	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,640	1,290	1,350	2.3	2.3	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,495	55,535	56,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	101,870	50,440	51,430	90.6	90.8	90.3
English	3,965	1,990	1,975	3.5	3.6	3.5
French	695	310	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	4,750	2,220	2,525	4.2	4.0	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	4,650	2,180	2,470	4.1	3.9	4.3
English and French	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	570	280	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	485	225	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,785	55,280	56,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,040	54,935	56,105	99.3	99.4	99.3
English	110,975	54,900	56,070	99.3	99.3	99.2
French	5,800	2,695	3,100	5.2	4.9	5.5
Non-official languages	19,880	9,445	10,435	17.8	17.1	18.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	310	130	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	280	115	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	235	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	235	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	110	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,580	9,325	10,255	17.5	16.9	18.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,220	655	560	1.1	1.2	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,090	600	490	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,010	570	445	0.9	1.0	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	380	175	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	285	135	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	6,875	3,130	3,750	6.2	5.7	6.6
Bikol	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	545	225	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pangasinan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,730	3,070	3,665	6.0	5.6	6.5
Waray-Waray	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	260	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,815	4,225	4,590	7.9	7.6	8.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,700	855	850	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baltic languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,700	850	850	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian	825	395	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	715	385	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,680	795	885	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	820	435	385	0.7	0.8	0.7
German	795	420	380	0.7	0.8	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	800	340	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
Afrikaans	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dutch	450	185	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,125	1,035	1,090	1.9	1.9	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,730	860	865	1.5	1.6	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	245	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	840	420	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
Kacchi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	610	280	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	505	270	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	435	195	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	155	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Persian languages	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,485	1,640	1,845	3.1	3.0	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	3,070	1,435	1,630	2.7	2.6	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	410	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	605	320	295	0.5	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	835	390	440	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	805	370	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	495	225	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,785	55,285	56,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,295	3,325	3,965	6.5	6.0	7.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,040	3,220	3,820	6.3	5.8	6.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,605	1,230	1,370	2.3	2.2	2.4
Métis	4,335	1,935	2,400	3.9	3.5	4.2
Inuk (Inuit)	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	104,490	51,955	52,540	93.5	94.0	93.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,785	55,285	56,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,910	850	1,060	1.7	1.5	1.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	109,875	54,425	55,445	98.3	98.4	98.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,875	...	...	67.1	...	...
Renter	15,170	...	...	32.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,460	...	...	14.0	...	...
Not condominium	39,590	...	...	86.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	4,290	...	...	9.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,255	...	...	22.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,440	...	...	31.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,860	...	...	36.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,305	...	...	24.6	...	...
5 rooms	7,130	...	...	15.5	...	...
6 rooms	6,685	...	...	14.5	...	...
7 rooms	5,985	...	...	13.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,935	...	...	32.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,320	...	...	98.4	...	...
More than one person per room	720	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,580	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,465	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,750	...	...	8.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,925	...	...	25.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,240	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,455	...	...	14.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,795	...	...	12.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,595	...	...	12.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,000	...	...	8.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,285	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,775	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,270	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,285	...	...	50.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,665	...	...	44.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,090	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,800	...	...	3.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,110	...	...	15.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,505	...	...	20.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,075	...	...	17.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,040	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,415	...	...	13.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,165	...	...	6.9	...	...
85 years and over	940	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,955	...	...	79.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,460	...	...	20.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,805	...	...	19.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,310	...	...	26.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,650	...	...	18.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,185	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,600	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	595	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,740	...	...	73.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,115	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not in core need	40,655	...	...	90.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.0	...	...	65.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.0	...	...	14.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490	...	...	1,490	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,524	...	...	1,524	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	366,400	...	...	366,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,155	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.6	...	...	34.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.8	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,785	55,280	56,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,595	1,205	1,390	2.3	2.2	2.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,495	1,145	1,345	2.2	2.1	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,455	650	800	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis single ancestry	975	465	510	0.9	0.8	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,145	2,900	3,250	5.5	5.2	5.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,965	2,815	3,150	5.3	5.1	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,350	1,615	1,735	3.0	2.9	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,530	1,150	1,380	2.3	2.1	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	175	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	103,045	51,180	51,870	92.2	92.6	91.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,785	55,285	56,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	103,585	51,445	52,140	92.7	93.1	92.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,750	12,410	11,330	21.2	22.4	20.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,835	39,035	40,805	71.4	70.6	72.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,205	3,835	4,370	7.3	6.9	7.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,785	55,285	56,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	93,465	46,530	46,935	83.6	84.2	83.1
Immigrants⁸¹	17,430	8,330	9,100	15.6	15.1	16.1
Before 1980	1,970	875	1,095	1.8	1.6	1.9
1980 to 1990	1,260	630	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,505	760	740	1.3	1.4	1.3
2001 to 2010	4,050	1,925	2,125	3.6	3.5	3.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,645	4,130	4,510	7.7	7.5	8.0
2011 to 2015	4,610	2,215	2,395	4.1	4.0	4.2
2016 to 2021	4,035	1,915	2,115	3.6	3.5	3.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	890	420	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	17,430	8,330	9,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,265	685	585	7.3	8.2	6.4
5 to 14 years	3,600	1,860	1,740	20.7	22.3	19.1
15 to 24 years	3,060	1,420	1,640	17.6	17.0	18.0
25 to 44 years	8,065	3,720	4,345	46.3	44.7	47.7
45 years and over	1,445	645	795	8.3	7.7	8.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	17,430	8,330	9,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,345	1,120	1,225	13.5	13.4	13.5
Brazil	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombia	280	115	160	1.6	1.4	1.8
El Salvador	485	260	225	2.8	3.1	2.5
Guyana	70	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	325	145	180	1.9	1.7	2.0
Peru	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
United States of America	570	240	330	3.3	2.9	3.6
Other places of birth in Americas	480	250	225	2.8	3.0	2.5
Europe	3,410	1,665	1,740	19.6	20.0	19.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Germany	310	155	160	1.8	1.9	1.8
Greece	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungary	30	20	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Italy	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Netherlands	425	185	240	2.4	2.2	2.6
Poland	110	55	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Portugal	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	145	70	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian Federation	125	55	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	70	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Ukraine	500	280	215	2.9	3.4	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,105	520	580	6.3	6.2	6.4
Other places of birth in Europe	380	180	195	2.2	2.2	2.1
Africa	1,430	775	650	8.2	9.3	7.1
Algeria	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	100	55	40	0.6	0.7	0.4
Eritrea	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ethiopia	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Morocco	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	135	70	70	0.8	0.8	0.8
Somalia	80	50	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	325	140	185	1.9	1.7	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	630	360	265	3.6	4.3	2.9
Asia	10,120	4,700	5,420	58.1	56.4	59.5
Afghanistan	210	115	105	1.2	1.4	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	80	40	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Iraq	40	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Lebanon	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	365	205	160	2.1	2.5	1.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	325	150	175	1.9	1.8	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	95	55	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	280	145	140	1.6	1.7	1.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	6,485	2,965	3,530	37.2	35.6	38.8
Viet Nam	275	125	150	1.6	1.5	1.6
Bangladesh	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	800	355	445	4.6	4.3	4.9
Pakistan	335	190	140	1.9	2.3	1.5
Sri Lanka	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	695	255	435	4.0	3.1	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	130	70	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,035	1,915	2,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	395	180	215	9.8	9.4	10.2
Brazil	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Colombia	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	15	0.5	0.5	0.7
Mexico	80	30	50	2.0	1.6	2.4
United States of America	105	55	50	2.6	2.9	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	145	65	75	3.6	3.4	3.5
Europe	410	230	180	10.2	12.0	8.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	20	0.6	0.8	0.9
Ukraine	175	130	50	4.3	6.8	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	35	40	2.0	1.8	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	85	40	45	2.1	2.1	2.1
Africa	410	235	180	10.2	12.3	8.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	0	0.5	0.5	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	25	20	10	0.6	1.0	0.5
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Nigeria	85	50	40	2.1	2.6	1.9
Somalia	45	30	10	1.1	1.6	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	0.9	1.0	0.7
Sudan⁹⁷	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.7
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	125	70	50	3.1	3.7	2.4
Asia	2,805	1,260	1,550	69.5	65.8	73.3
Afghanistan	30	10	20	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	20	20	1.0	1.0	0.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	270	125	145	6.7	6.5	6.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.7
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	30	1.4	1.3	1.4
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Nepal	40	20	25	1.0	1.0	1.2
Pakistan	25	20	10	0.6	1.0	0.5
Philippines	1,865	825	1,040	46.2	43.1	49.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	290	175	120	7.2	9.1	5.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0.6	0.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	80	10	70	2.0	0.5	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	20	15	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,785	55,280	56,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,005	9,115	9,890	17.0	16.5	17.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,810	7,885	7,925	14.1	14.3	14.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	76,970	38,280	38,695	68.9	69.2	68.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,460	7,450	8,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	9,855	4,935	4,920	63.7	66.2	61.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,860	2,125	1,735	25.0	28.5	21.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,995	2,810	3,185	38.8	37.7	39.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,420	1,320	2,100	22.1	17.7	26.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,035	1,145	895	13.2	15.4	11.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	150	55	95	1.0	0.7	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,460	7,450	8,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	350	210	145	2.3	2.8	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,820	1,770	2,050	24.7	23.8	25.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	520	265	255	3.4	3.6	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	585	285	300	3.8	3.8	3.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,140	4,900	5,235	65.6	65.8	65.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,785	55,280	56,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	19,130	9,315	9,815	17.1	16.9	17.4
South Asian	2,405	1,225	1,175	2.2	2.2	2.1
Chinese	1,065	545	525	1.0	1.0	0.9
Black	2,000	1,070	930	1.8	1.9	1.6
Filipino	8,270	3,835	4,435	7.4	6.9	7.8
Arab	745	415	330	0.7	0.8	0.6
Latin American	1,815	860	950	1.6	1.6	1.7
Southeast Asian	845	400	445	0.8	0.7	0.8
West Asian	395	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korean	390	215	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	275	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	775	360	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	92,655	45,965	46,695	82.9	83.1	82.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,785	55,280	56,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,990	8,375	7,620	14.3	15.2	13.5
English	25,405	12,230	13,175	22.7	22.1	23.3
Irish	18,290	8,520	9,770	16.4	15.4	17.3
Scottish	21,135	10,195	10,935	18.9	18.4	19.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,985	4,710	5,275	8.9	8.5	9.3
German	21,440	10,260	11,180	19.2	18.6	19.8
Chinese	1,560	745	815	1.4	1.3	1.4
Italian	2,290	1,120	1,170	2.0	2.0	2.1
Indian (India)	1,355	700	650	1.2	1.3	1.2
Ukrainian	8,950	4,540	4,410	8.0	8.2	7.8
Dutch	5,530	2,735	2,790	4.9	4.9	4.9
Polish	3,635	1,745	1,895	3.3	3.2	3.4
Québécois	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,540	1,820	1,720	3.2	3.3	3.0
Filipino	7,615	3,475	4,140	6.8	6.3	7.3
French Canadian	785	410	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,210	1,085	1,125	2.0	2.0	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,990	930	1,060	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis	3,780	1,750	2,025	3.4	3.2	3.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,925	990	935	1.7	1.8	1.7
Russian	3,325	1,620	1,710	3.0	2.9	3.0
Norwegian	5,250	2,385	2,870	4.7	4.3	5.1
Welsh	2,440	1,130	1,310	2.2	2.0	2.3
Portuguese	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	1,860	955	905	1.7	1.7	1.6
Spanish	1,100	535	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Swedish	3,435	1,510	1,925	3.1	2.7	3.4
Hungarian	1,470	705	765	1.3	1.3	1.4
Acadian	165	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	365	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	370	195	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	280	130	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	240	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	385	205	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265	155	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	270	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	790	400	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,355	630	720	1.2	1.1	1.3
Korean	435	245	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	895	425	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanese	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	2,070	980	1,095	1.9	1.8	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	750	380	365	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sikh	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,120	480	635	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belgian	825	355	470	0.7	0.6	0.8
Haitian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexican	500	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	420	225	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Swiss	645	285	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Finnish	755	340	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	365	160	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	760	365	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	855	425	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	310	130	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Moroccan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	505	225	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Syrian	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	305	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	160	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	170	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	265	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hong Konger	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	280	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	370	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	325	140	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	70	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	215	135	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	1,065	490	570	1.0	0.9	1.0
Ghanaian	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Barbadian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,785	55,280	56,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	580	270	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Christian	56,660	26,280	30,380	50.7	47.5	53.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,920	6,170	6,750	11.6	11.2	11.9
Anabaptist	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,800	1,210	1,590	2.5	2.2	2.8
Baptist	1,110	530	585	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catholic	22,350	10,525	11,825	20.0	19.0	20.9
Christian Orthodox	950	465	485	0.8	0.8	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	600	260	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	855	390	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Lutheran	2,380	1,000	1,380	2.1	1.8	2.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	450	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,160	570	585	1.0	1.0	1.0
Presbyterian	1,105	455	650	1.0	0.8	1.2
Reformed	390	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
United Church	5,380	2,300	3,085	4.8	4.2	5.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,110	1,970	2,130	3.7	3.6	3.8
Hindu	820	415	405	0.7	0.8	0.7
Jewish	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,075	1,125	945	1.9	2.0	1.7
Sikh	305	110	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	165	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	760	260	505	0.7	0.5	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	50,305	26,665	23,640	45.0	48.2	41.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,700	54,695	56,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,335	47,270	48,070	86.1	86.4	85.8
Movers	15,365	7,430	7,935	13.9	13.6	14.2
Non-migrants	10,025	5,025	4,995	9.1	9.2	8.9
Migrants	5,340	2,400	2,940	4.8	4.4	5.2
Internal migrants	4,990	2,290	2,700	4.5	4.2	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,030	1,845	2,185	3.6	3.4	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	960	445	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
External migrants	350	110	240	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,635	52,145	53,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	61,380	30,555	30,830	58.1	58.6	57.6
Movers	44,250	21,595	22,660	41.9	41.4	42.4
Non-migrants	22,565	11,215	11,350	21.4	21.5	21.2
Migrants	21,690	10,375	11,310	20.5	19.9	21.1
Internal migrants	18,875	9,070	9,805	17.9	17.4	18.3
Intraprovincial migrants	15,250	7,370	7,880	14.4	14.1	14.7
Interprovincial migrants	3,620	1,695	1,925	3.4	3.3	3.6
External migrants	2,815	1,310	1,510	2.7	2.5	2.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,915	44,510	46,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,350	9,695	7,655	19.1	21.8	16.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	73,570	34,820	38,755	80.9	78.2	83.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,150	29,880	31,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,225	4,840	3,385	13.5	16.2	10.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,915	25,040	27,875	86.5	83.8	89.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,920	44,510	46,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,735	8,130	6,605	16.2	18.3	14.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,265	14,645	14,620	32.2	32.9	31.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,915	21,730	25,180	51.6	48.8	54.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,345	15,375	15,965	34.5	34.5	34.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,495	7,330	2,165	10.4	16.5	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,665	1,510	1,155	2.9	3.4	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,825	5,815	1,010	7.5	13.1	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,335	7,190	12,150	21.3	16.2	26.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,515	865	1,655	2.8	1.9	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,565	6,355	9,215	17.1	14.3	19.9
Bachelor's degree	11,550	4,515	7,035	12.7	10.1	15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	910	390	515	1.0	0.9	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	620	340	280	0.7	0.8	0.6
Master's degree	2,250	985	1,265	2.5	2.2	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	240	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,145	29,885	31,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,540	3,875	2,665	10.7	13.0	8.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,065	9,295	8,770	29.5	31.1	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,540	16,710	19,830	59.8	55.9	63.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,500	11,595	11,905	38.4	38.8	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,970	5,415	1,555	11.4	18.1	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,845	1,080	765	3.0	3.6	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,125	4,335	795	8.4	14.5	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,690	5,500	9,190	24.0	18.4	29.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,840	680	1,160	3.0	2.3	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,040	5,115	7,925	21.3	17.1	25.4
Bachelor's degree	9,740	3,680	6,055	15.9	12.3	19.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	720	315	410	1.2	1.1	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	540	285	255	0.9	1.0	0.8
Master's degree	1,840	735	1,105	3.0	2.5	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,920	44,510	46,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,005	22,780	21,230	48.4	51.2	45.7
Education	3,855	1,000	2,850	4.2	2.2	6.1
13. Education	3,855	1,000	2,850	4.2	2.2	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	880	400	480	1.0	0.9	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	75	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	780	330	455	0.9	0.7	1.0
Humanities	1,295	575	725	1.4	1.3	1.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	235	55	180	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	335	150	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	365	220	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,760	1,015	2,750	4.1	2.3	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	460	215	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	855	85	765	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	710	130	575	0.8	0.3	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	880	175	705	1.0	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	775	380	390	0.9	0.9	0.8
Business, management and public administration	9,025	2,855	6,170	9.9	6.4	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	765	145	620	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,245	2,705	5,540	9.1	6.1	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,180	505	670	1.3	1.1	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	425	160	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	320	145	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	240	140	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,020	535	490	1.1	1.2	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	830	480	350	0.9	1.1	0.8
25. Library science	90	0	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,520	10,700	820	12.7	24.0	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	170	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,310	1,090	215	1.4	2.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,060	2,725	335	3.4	6.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,920	2,820	100	3.2	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,540	2,470	70	2.8	5.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,515	1,480	35	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,505	840	660	1.7	1.9	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,150	600	545	1.3	1.3	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	240	115	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	9,570	1,835	7,740	10.5	4.1	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	600	300	300	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,760	1,405	7,355	9.6	3.2	15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	200	125	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,275	1,470	1,810	3.6	3.3	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,035	420	1,615	2.2	0.9	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	520	370	150	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	715	675	35	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,145	29,880	31,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,605	13,175	11,430	40.2	44.1	36.6
Education	2,765	640	2,125	4.5	2.1	6.8
13. Education	2,765	640	2,125	4.5	2.1	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	675	310	365	1.1	1.0	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	600	260	335	1.0	0.9	1.1
Humanities	940	430	510	1.5	1.4	1.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	185	50	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	255	105	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	250	165	90	0.4	0.6	0.3
54. History	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,200	830	2,370	5.2	2.8	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	185	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	735	80	645	1.2	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	630	115	515	1.0	0.4	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	690	135	550	1.1	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	645	290	355	1.1	1.0	1.1
Business, management and public administration	7,200	2,270	4,930	11.8	7.6	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	610	95	515	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,585	2,170	4,410	10.8	7.3	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	960	380	580	1.6	1.3	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	350	115	235	0.6	0.4	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	125	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	40	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	890	475	425	1.5	1.6	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	760	445	320	1.2	1.5	1.0
25. Library science	65	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,805	8,060	745	14.4	27.0	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	150	95	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,095	890	200	1.8	3.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,375	2,070	305	3.9	6.9	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,140	2,050	90	3.5	6.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,890	1,825	65	3.1	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,155	1,125	30	1.9	3.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,195	615	585	2.0	2.1	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	890	405	490	1.5	1.4	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	205	95	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	7,340	1,515	5,825	12.0	5.1	18.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	510	245	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,645	1,170	5,480	10.9	3.9	17.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	105	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,540	1,190	1,355	4.2	4.0	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,540	330	1,210	2.5	1.1	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	395	270	125	0.6	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	610	590	20	1.0	2.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,145	29,880	31,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,605	13,175	11,430	40.2	44.1	36.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,540	16,710	19,830	59.8	55.9	63.4
Location of study inside Canada	30,030	13,760	16,275	49.1	46.1	52.1
Same as province or territory of residence	23,885	10,940	12,945	39.1	36.6	41.4
Different than province or territory of residence	6,150	2,820	3,330	10.1	9.4	10.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,505	2,950	3,555	10.6	9.9	11.4
Americas	1,120	565	555	1.8	1.9	1.8
United States of America	745	395	345	1.2	1.3	1.1
Mexico	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombia	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	915	485	430	1.5	1.6	1.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	265	140	125	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	30	15	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	275	165	110	0.4	0.6	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	395	215	175	0.6	0.7	0.6
Nigeria	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	140	80	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Asia	4,010	1,655	2,355	6.6	5.5	7.5
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	2,905	1,125	1,785	4.8	3.8	5.7
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	440	215	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	150	75	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	175	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,920	44,510	46,410	...	...	...
In the labour force	61,295	31,715	29,580	...	...	...
Employed	54,010	27,805	26,210	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,285	3,915	3,375	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,625	12,795	16,825	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.4	71.3	63.7	67.4	71.3	63.7
Employment rate	59.4	62.5	56.5	59.4	62.5	56.5
Unemployment rate	11.9	12.3	11.4	11.9	12.3	11.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,920	44,510	46,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,225	13,725	17,500	34.3	30.8	37.7
Worked	59,695	30,785	28,910	65.7	69.2	62.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,325	16,230	13,100	32.3	36.5	28.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,365	14,560	15,810	33.4	32.7	34.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	40.5	40.1	40.3	40.5	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	61,300	31,715	29,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,785	905	880	2.9	2.9	3.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,510	30,810	28,705	97.1	97.1	97.0
Employee	51,075	25,800	25,280	83.3	81.3	85.4
Permanent position	42,465	21,755	20,715	69.3	68.6	70.0
Temporary position	8,610	4,045	4,565	14.0	12.8	15.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,300	875	1,425	3.8	2.8	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,310	3,170	3,135	10.3	10.0	10.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,435	5,015	3,425	13.8	15.8	11.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	61,300	31,715	29,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,785	905	880	2.9	2.9	3.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,510	30,810	28,705	97.1	97.1	97.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	375	285	90	0.6	0.9	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,735	2,375	6,360	14.2	7.5	21.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,060	2,385	675	5.0	7.5	2.3
3 Health occupations	6,095	1,125	4,965	9.9	3.5	16.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,380	1,900	4,480	10.4	6.0	15.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,030	420	610	1.7	1.3	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	16,045	6,680	9,370	26.2	21.1	31.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,405	10,475	930	18.6	33.0	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,135	2,630	505	5.1	8.3	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,255	2,535	720	5.3	8.0	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	61,300	31,715	29,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,785	905	880	2.9	2.9	3.0
All industries¹⁹¹	59,510	30,810	28,705	97.1	97.1	97.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,425	925	500	2.3	2.9	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,545	3,175	380	5.8	10.0	1.3
22 Utilities	275	225	50	0.4	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	5,440	4,705	735	8.9	14.8	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	4,505	3,355	1,150	7.3	10.6	3.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,655	1,140	510	2.7	3.6	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	8,175	3,845	4,325	13.3	12.1	14.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,435	1,860	570	4.0	5.9	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	430	245	180	0.7	0.8	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,615	580	1,040	2.6	1.8	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	830	420	410	1.4	1.3	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,030	1,455	1,570	4.9	4.6	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,250	1,285	965	3.7	4.1	3.3
61 Educational services	3,560	945	2,610	5.8	3.0	8.8
62 Health care and social assistance	9,380	1,635	7,750	15.3	5.2	26.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,135	595	540	1.9	1.9	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	4,090	1,650	2,440	6.7	5.2	8.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,070	1,465	1,600	5.0	4.6	5.4
91 Public administration	2,615	1,265	1,350	4.3	4.0	4.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,155	33,480	31,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	63,830	32,890	30,940	98.0	98.2	97.7
French	70	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	320	140	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	780	355	425	1.2	1.1	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,155	33,480	31,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,995	33,430	31,565	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	64,735	33,290	31,440	99.4	99.4	99.3
English	64,590	33,245	31,350	99.1	99.3	99.0
French	140	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	260	140	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	140	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	165	55	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,155	33,480	31,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	64,175	33,010	31,170	98.5	98.6	98.4
English	200	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	200	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	515	230	290	0.8	0.7	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	480	230	250	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,010	27,800	26,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,550	3,130	4,420	14.0	11.3	16.9
Worked outside Canada	130	105	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,845	6,810	2,035	16.4	24.5	7.8
Usual place of work	37,490	17,760	19,725	69.4	63.9	75.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,490	17,760	19,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,615	11,395	15,220	71.0	64.2	77.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,065	5,055	4,015	24.2	28.5	20.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,585	1,160	420	4.2	6.5	2.1
Commute to a different province or territory	225	155	70	0.6	0.9	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,330	24,570	21,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	42,775	22,835	19,940	92.3	92.9	91.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,830	21,715	18,115	86.0	88.4	83.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,950	1,120	1,825	6.4	4.6	8.4
Public transit	1,030	410	630	2.2	1.7	2.9
Walked	1,500	710	785	3.2	2.9	3.6
Bicycle	280	190	90	0.6	0.8	0.4
Other method	745	420	320	1.6	1.7	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,330	24,570	21,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,995	9,035	10,960	43.2	36.8	50.4
15 to 29 minutes	18,350	9,850	8,500	39.6	40.1	39.1
30 to 44 minutes	4,575	3,095	1,485	9.9	12.6	6.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,250	810	445	2.7	3.3	2.0
60 minutes and over	2,155	1,775	375	4.7	7.2	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,330	24,570	21,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,630	2,660	965	7.8	10.8	4.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,030	5,295	2,735	17.3	21.6	12.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,580	6,735	5,845	27.2	27.4	26.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,845	3,625	5,220	19.1	14.8	24.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,375	2,120	3,255	11.6	8.6	15.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,875	4,135	3,740	17.0	16.8	17.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,560	13,160	12,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,445	725	720	5.7	5.5	5.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,115	12,435	11,680	94.3	94.5	94.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,910	9,740	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,120	565	555	5.9	5.8	6.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	560	265	295	3.0	2.7	3.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	555	295	260	2.9	3.0	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,790	9,175	8,615	94.1	94.2	93.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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