Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. Albert--Sturgeon RiverMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	121,310	60,460	60,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22,810	11,755	11,055	18.8	19.4	18.2
0 to 4 years	6,210	3,150	3,065	5.1	5.2	5.0
5 to 9 years	8,010	4,145	3,865	6.6	6.9	6.4
10 to 14 years	8,590	4,455	4,130	7.1	7.4	6.8
15 to 64 years	76,755	38,345	38,410	63.3	63.4	63.1
15 to 19 years	7,560	3,920	3,635	6.2	6.5	6.0
20 to 24 years	6,315	3,385	2,935	5.2	5.6	4.8
25 to 29 years	5,945	3,100	2,845	4.9	5.1	4.7
30 to 34 years	6,980	3,380	3,600	5.8	5.6	5.9
35 to 39 years	8,240	4,075	4,165	6.8	6.7	6.8
40 to 44 years	8,135	3,945	4,195	6.7	6.5	6.9
45 to 49 years	7,785	3,855	3,930	6.4	6.4	6.5
50 to 54 years	7,935	3,930	4,005	6.5	6.5	6.6
55 to 59 years	9,015	4,390	4,620	7.4	7.3	7.6
60 to 64 years	8,855	4,365	4,490	7.3	7.2	7.4
65 years and over	21,745	10,360	11,380	17.9	17.1	18.7
65 to 69 years	7,280	3,570	3,715	6.0	5.9	6.1
70 to 74 years	5,805	2,790	3,020	4.8	4.6	5.0
75 to 79 years	3,700	1,795	1,905	3.1	3.0	3.1
80 to 84 years	2,520	1,310	1,215	2.1	2.2	2.0
85 years and over	2,425	900	1,530	2.0	1.5	2.5
85 to 89 years	1,685	685	1,000	1.4	1.1	1.6
90 to 94 years	540	170	370	0.4	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	180	45	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.4	18.2	18.8	19.4	18.2
15 to 64 years	63.3	63.4	63.1	63.3	63.4	63.1
65 years and over	17.9	17.1	18.7	17.9	17.1	18.7
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	2.0	1.5	2.5
Average age of the population	41.1	40.3	41.8	41.1	40.3	41.8
Median age of the population	41.6	40.8	42.4	41.6	40.8	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	35,050	...	...	76.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,315	...	...	5.1	...	...
Row house	2,505	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,810	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,275	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,730	...	...	21.3	...	...
2 persons	17,000	...	...	37.2	...	...
3 persons	7,115	...	...	15.6	...	...
4 persons	7,520	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	4,330	...	...	9.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	118,900	59,365	59,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,500	48,705	49,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	61,885	30,870	31,015	62.8	63.4	62.3
Married	52,740	26,305	26,435	53.5	54.0	53.1
Living common-law	9,145	4,565	4,575	9.3	9.4	9.2
Living common law - Never married	6,230	3,145	3,085	6.3	6.5	6.2
Living common law - Separated	410	220	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,305	1,115	1,195	2.3	2.3	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	36,615	17,835	18,780	37.2	36.6	37.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,275	13,095	10,185	23.6	26.9	20.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,225	975	1,250	2.3	2.0	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,975	2,535	3,435	6.1	5.2	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,140	1,230	3,915	5.2	2.5	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,590	...	...	49.8	...	...
3 persons	6,985	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	7,265	...	...	20.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,490	...	...	9.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,515	...	...	86.4	...	...
Married couples	25,945	...	...	73.5	...	...
With children⁶	13,670	...	...	38.7	...	...
Without children	12,275	...	...	34.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,575	...	...	13.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,940	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	2,630	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,805	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,545	...	...	10.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,260	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	118,900	59,365	59,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	103,850	51,985	51,870	87.3	87.6	87.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	61,030	30,470	30,560	51.3	51.3	51.3
Parents in one-parent families	4,805	1,260	3,550	4.0	2.1	6.0
Children⁶	38,015	20,255	17,760	32.0	34.1	29.8
In a two-parent family	30,280	16,030	14,245	25.5	27.0	23.9
In a one-parent family	7,740	4,220	3,520	6.5	7.1	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,050	7,385	7,665	12.7	12.4	12.9
Living alone	9,735	4,575	5,155	8.2	7.7	8.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,190	995	1,195	1.8	1.7	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	3,125	1,810	1,310	2.6	3.0	2.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,075	...	...	70.2	...	...
Couple-family households	28,385	...	...	62.1	...	...
With children⁶	14,535	...	...	31.8	...	...
Without children	13,850	...	...	30.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,690	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	995	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,355	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,330	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	9,730	...	...	21.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	96,275	47,715	48,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,750	45,600	46,145	95.3	95.6	95.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	65,500	41,600	51,200	65,500	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,815	45,635	46,180	95.4	95.6	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	56,000	37,200	45,200	56,000	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,740	42,920	41,820	88.0	90.0	86.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	61,600	34,000	46,400	61,600	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,395	35,740	32,645	71.0	74.9	67.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	64,000	37,200	49,200	64,000	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,800	38,340	40,455	81.8	80.4	83.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	6,160	9,800	8,400	6,160	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,285	4,515	4,770	9.6	9.5	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,760	6,000	5,920	5,760	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,495	10,520	11,970	23.4	22.0	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	96,175	47,700	48,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,620	45,620	46,005	95.3	95.6	94.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,600	80,000	51,400	65,600	80,000	51,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,720	45,670	46,050	95.4	95.7	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,800	64,100	43,600	53,800	64,100	43,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,645	42,840	41,810	88.0	89.8	86.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,450	76,700	45,800	61,450	76,700	45,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,280	35,650	32,625	71.0	74.7	67.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,900	74,200	46,400	60,900	74,200	46,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,655	38,220	40,435	81.8	80.1	83.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,330	9,500	11,120	10,330	9,500	11,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,480	4,685	4,795	9.9	9.8	9.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,810	7,310	7,060	6,810	7,310
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,470	10,635	11,840	23.4	22.3	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,860	8,580	9,110	8,860	8,580	9,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	96,175	47,700	48,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,125	19,140	13,985	34.4	40.1	28.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000	90,000	67,000	80,000	90,000	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	90,500	102,300	74,500	90,500	102,300	74,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,350	12,050	14,300	27.4	25.3	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	28,400	18,400	22,000	28,400	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,360	47,160	27,280	36,360	47,160	27,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.0	81.0	86.4	90.0	81.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2	72.4	64.0	69.2	72.4	64.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.5	9.9	19.0	13.5	9.9	19.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.5	1.1	0.9	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.8	2.7	5.3	3.8	2.7	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	2.5	4.6	3.3	2.5	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	96,280	47,715	48,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,525	2,115	2,415	4.7	4.4	5.0
With total income	91,750	45,600	46,150	95.3	95.6	95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,340	2,855	4,485	8.0	6.3	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,230	2,925	5,305	9.0	6.4	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	11,760	4,780	6,980	12.8	10.5	15.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,180	3,560	5,620	10.0	7.8	12.2
$40,000 to $49,999	8,330	3,495	4,835	9.1	7.7	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,555	3,335	4,215	8.2	7.3	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,900	3,445	3,450	7.5	7.6	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	6,250	3,570	2,675	6.8	7.8	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,920	2,905	2,010	5.4	6.4	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	4,530	2,680	1,855	4.9	5.9	4.0
$100,000 and over	16,755	12,045	4,710	18.3	26.4	10.2
$100,000 to $149,999	10,920	7,345	3,570	11.9	16.1	7.7
$150,000 and over	5,840	4,695	1,140	6.4	10.3	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	96,280	47,715	48,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,460	2,080	2,380	4.6	4.4	4.9
With after-tax income	91,815	45,635	46,180	95.4	95.6	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,840	3,000	4,840	8.5	6.6	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,605	3,080	5,525	9.4	6.7	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	13,160	5,300	7,865	14.3	11.6	17.0
$30,000 to $39,999	10,955	4,480	6,475	11.9	9.8	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,155	4,365	5,790	11.1	9.6	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	9,015	4,525	4,485	9.8	9.9	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	7,915	4,550	3,370	8.6	10.0	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	6,250	3,745	2,500	6.8	8.2	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	5,030	2,975	2,060	5.5	6.5	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,565	2,355	1,205	3.9	5.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	9,335	7,270	2,065	10.2	15.9	4.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,590	3,450	1,145	5.0	7.6	2.5
$125,000 and over	4,745	3,825	925	5.2	8.4	2.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	96,280	47,715	48,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,885	11,975	15,910	29.0	25.1	32.8
With employment income	68,395	35,740	32,645	71.0	74.9	67.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,990	4,225	4,765	13.1	11.8	14.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,645	1,910	2,735	6.8	5.3	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,595	2,740	3,855	9.7	7.7	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,055	2,095	2,955	7.4	5.9	9.1
$30,000 to $39,999	4,570	1,910	2,665	6.7	5.3	8.1
$40,000 to $49,999	4,710	2,065	2,650	6.9	5.8	8.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,650	1,975	2,675	6.8	5.5	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,605	2,275	2,330	6.7	6.4	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,310	2,580	1,740	6.3	7.2	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,595	2,170	1,425	5.3	6.1	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,665	2,110	1,555	5.4	5.9	4.7
$100,000 and over	13,005	9,700	3,310	19.0	27.1	10.1
$100,000 to $124,999	5,800	3,815	1,985	8.5	10.7	6.1
$125,000 and over	7,200	5,885	1,320	10.5	16.5	4.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	96,275	47,715	48,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,120	44,630	45,485	93.6	93.5	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	68,000	40,800	52,400	68,000	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,190	44,640	45,550	93.7	93.6	93.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	57,600	36,800	46,000	57,600	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,010	42,460	41,555	87.3	89.0	85.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	66,000	36,800	49,600	66,000	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,310	36,040	33,275	72.0	75.5	68.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	68,000	40,000	52,000	68,000	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,935	36,805	38,130	77.8	77.1	78.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,480	1,030	5,040	2,480	1,030	5,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,055	3,450	3,610	7.3	7.2	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,600	6,750	6,080	5,600	6,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	96,175	47,700	48,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,740	44,550	45,195	93.3	93.4	93.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	67,300	84,200	50,640	67,300	84,200	50,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,815	44,560	45,250	93.4	93.4	93.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,300	66,000	42,720	54,300	66,000	42,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,710	42,265	41,445	87.0	88.6	85.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,600	83,000	47,800	65,600	83,000	47,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,045	35,875	33,175	71.8	75.2	68.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	79,300	48,520	64,500	79,300	48,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,685	36,545	38,140	77.7	76.6	78.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,360	6,620	8,080	7,360	6,620	8,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,925	3,475	3,450	7.2	7.3	7.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,130	7,260	9,010	8,130	7,260	9,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	96,175	47,700	48,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,100	19,065	14,035	34.4	40.0	29.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,500	89,000	65,000	78,500	89,000	65,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,800	102,900	71,900	89,800	102,900	71,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,020	11,420	13,600	26.0	23.9	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,200	42,400	26,400	31,200	42,400	26,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,880	59,550	34,400	45,880	59,550	34,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8	93.6	86.6	90.8	93.6	86.6
Employment income (%)	73.8	75.8	70.4	73.8	75.8	70.4
Government transfers (%)	9.1	6.5	13.4	9.1	6.5	13.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.4	0.9	0.7	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,250	...	...	63,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,700	...	...	52,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	150,200	...	...	150,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	930	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,130	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	835	...	...	1.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	975	...	...	2.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,190	...	...	2.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,155	...	...	2.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,375	...	...	5.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,575	...	...	5.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,670	...	...	5.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,585	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,550	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,650	...	...	56.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,980	...	...	13.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,955	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,045	...	...	15.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,670	...	...	16.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	380	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	395	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,005	...	...	2.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,210	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,005	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,190	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,430	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,460	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,960	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,225	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,250	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,290	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,105	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,375	...	...	46.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,760	...	...	14.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,055	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,565	...	...	20.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	35,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...	162,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,855	6,390	6,470	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,800	58,400	45,600	50,800	58,400	45,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	49,600	40,800	44,400	49,600	40,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	35,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	149,800	...	...	149,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,400	...	...	122,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...	132,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,100	...	...	108,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	181,800	...	...	181,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,400	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...	92,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,200	...	...	80,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,755	6,375	6,380	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	60,600	65,700	55,550	60,600	65,700	55,550
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,800	54,250	47,360	50,800	54,250	47,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	118,900	59,365	59,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,320	14,080	13,240	23.0	23.7	22.2
0 to 5 years	7,675	3,880	3,795	6.5	6.5	6.4
18 to 64 years	71,585	35,580	36,005	60.2	59.9	60.5
65 years and over	19,995	9,705	10,295	16.8	16.3	17.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,525	3,520	4,005	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,055	1,045	1,010	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	620	295	325	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,030	1,885	2,145	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,430	585	850	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.3	5.9	6.7	6.3	5.9	6.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.5	7.6	7.5	7.5	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	7.6	8.5	8.0	7.6	8.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.3	6.0	5.6	5.3	6.0
65 years and over (%)	7.2	6.0	8.2	7.2	6.0	8.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	117,065	58,415	58,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,670	13,740	12,925	22.8	23.5	22.0
0 to 5 years	7,520	3,785	3,725	6.4	6.5	6.4
18 to 64 years	70,540	35,035	35,505	60.3	60.0	60.5
65 years and over	19,855	9,640	10,210	17.0	16.5	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,155	1,515	1,635	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	785	400	380	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	105	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,050	995	1,055	...	...	...
65 years and over	315	120	200	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.2	1.9	1.6	1.2	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	118,900	59,365	59,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	41,890	20,050	21,845	35.2	33.8	36.7
In bottom decile	6,560	3,185	3,370	5.5	5.4	5.7
In second decile	7,375	3,345	4,030	6.2	5.6	6.8
In third decile	8,280	3,935	4,345	7.0	6.6	7.3
In fourth decile	9,290	4,520	4,775	7.8	7.6	8.0
In fifth decile	10,385	5,070	5,320	8.7	8.5	8.9
In top half of the distribution	77,005	39,315	37,695	64.8	66.2	63.3
In sixth decile	11,755	5,880	5,870	9.9	9.9	9.9
In seventh decile	12,970	6,590	6,380	10.9	11.1	10.7
In eighth decile	15,045	7,615	7,430	12.7	12.8	12.5
In ninth decile	17,275	8,825	8,445	14.5	14.9	14.2
In top decile	19,960	10,400	9,560	16.8	17.5	16.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	118,895	...	...	118,895	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.317	...	...	0.317	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.398	...	...	0.398	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.281	...	...	0.281	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	120,265	60,145	60,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	109,285	55,080	54,205	90.9	91.6	90.2
French only	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10,700	4,950	5,755	8.9	8.2	9.6
Neither English nor French	195	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	120,265	60,145	60,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	116,705	58,375	58,330	97.0	97.1	97.0
French	3,100	1,570	1,530	2.6	2.6	2.5
English and French	290	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	175	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	120,265	60,145	60,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	117,895	59,065	58,830	98.0	98.2	97.9
Official languages	109,030	54,915	54,120	90.7	91.3	90.0
English	105,620	53,175	52,440	87.8	88.4	87.2
French	3,415	1,735	1,680	2.8	2.9	2.8
Non-official languages	8,860	4,150	4,710	7.4	6.9	7.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	345	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	180	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,520	3,970	4,545	7.1	6.6	7.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	495	250	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	470	240	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	430	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,365	570	795	1.1	0.9	1.3
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,180	485	690	1.0	0.8	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,520	2,660	2,865	4.6	4.4	4.8
Albanian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,780	840	935	1.5	1.4	1.6
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,750	830	920	1.5	1.4	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	420	200	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	265	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	670	325	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,650	785	870	1.4	1.3	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	980	450	525	0.8	0.7	0.9
German	950	435	515	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	570	270	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	445	210	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	600	300	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	505	250	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,405	690	710	1.2	1.1	1.2
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	345	195	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	320	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	600	270	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	500	220	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	490	220	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	65	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	270	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,370	1,085	1,290	2.0	1.8	2.1
English and French	770	360	405	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,395	620	770	1.2	1.0	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	120,265	60,145	60,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	109,740	55,210	54,530	91.2	91.8	90.7
French	710	340	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	1,305	625	675	1.1	1.0	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,290	625	670	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and French	1,805	830	970	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	6,315	2,955	3,365	5.3	4.9	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	120,265	60,145	60,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	118,715	59,415	59,300	98.7	98.8	98.6
Official languages	115,675	57,925	57,745	96.2	96.3	96.0
English	114,665	57,445	57,220	95.3	95.5	95.2
French	1,010	485	520	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official languages	3,040	1,490	1,550	2.5	2.5	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,965	1,450	1,520	2.5	2.4	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	190	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	175	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	800	400	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	705	350	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,475	710	760	1.2	1.2	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	485	235	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	480	225	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	335	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	285	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	430	205	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	190	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	190	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,545	725	820	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	330	145	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,185	575	615	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	120,265	60,145	60,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	113,130	56,830	56,305	94.1	94.5	93.7
English	1,690	830	855	1.4	1.4	1.4
French	1,250	580	665	1.0	1.0	1.1
Non-official language	3,530	1,600	1,935	2.9	2.7	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,250	1,455	1,805	2.7	2.4	3.0
English and French	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	275	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	118,785	59,330	59,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	118,670	59,305	59,370	99.9	100.0	99.9
English	118,605	59,275	59,330	99.8	99.9	99.8
French	10,600	4,960	5,640	8.9	8.4	9.5
Non-official languages	12,980	6,080	6,905	10.9	10.2	11.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	780	405	375	0.7	0.7	0.6
Algonquian languages	345	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	330	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	330	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	435	245	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Assiniboine	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dakota	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Stoney	385	215	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,205	5,680	6,530	10.3	9.6	11.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	900	450	445	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	825	405	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	785	380	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,875	790	1,080	1.6	1.3	1.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,790	765	1,030	1.5	1.3	1.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,935	3,825	4,110	6.7	6.4	6.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,000	955	1,040	1.7	1.6	1.7
Baltic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,980	955	1,025	1.7	1.6	1.7
Belarusian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	525	255	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	430	175	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	245	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	850	425	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,455	1,185	1,270	2.1	2.0	2.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,625	790	835	1.4	1.3	1.4
German	1,620	790	830	1.4	1.3	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	785	370	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	600	285	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	865	445	425	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	755	400	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	385	215	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	255	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,735	1,300	1,435	2.3	2.2	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	725	370	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	415	205	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,625	755	870	1.4	1.3	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	30	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	135	25	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	190	330	0.4	0.3	0.6
Chinese languages	520	190	330	0.4	0.3	0.6
Hakka	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	245	75	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	300	120	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,785	59,330	59,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,245	5,030	5,220	8.6	8.5	8.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,970	4,910	5,055	8.4	8.3	8.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,180	2,105	2,075	3.5	3.5	3.5
Métis	5,650	2,715	2,935	4.8	4.6	4.9
Inuk (Inuit)	140	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,540	54,305	54,235	91.4	91.5	91.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,785	59,330	59,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,725	1,850	1,875	3.1	3.1	3.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,065	57,480	57,580	96.9	96.9	96.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	38,090	...	...	83.4	...	...
Renter	7,150	...	...	15.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,585	...	...	12.2	...	...
Not condominium	40,070	...	...	87.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,015	...	...	4.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,730	...	...	16.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,565	...	...	36.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	19,280	...	...	42.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,695	...	...	14.7	...	...
5 rooms	5,875	...	...	12.9	...	...
6 rooms	6,525	...	...	14.3	...	...
7 rooms	6,915	...	...	15.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,645	...	...	43.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,180	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	475	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,605	...	...	97.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,050	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,595	...	...	5.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,590	...	...	32.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,490	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,175	...	...	15.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,550	...	...	7.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,390	...	...	9.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,585	...	...	7.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,285	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,830	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,825	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,995	...	...	46.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,090	...	...	50.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,575	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	680	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,275	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,490	...	...	18.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,775	...	...	19.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,935	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,825	...	...	17.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,610	...	...	7.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,065	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,460	...	...	82.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,735	...	...	17.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,085	...	...	16.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,800	...	...	23.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,070	...	...	15.5	...	...
Not suitable only	775	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,150	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	530	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,855	...	...	76.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,350	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not in core need	40,195	...	...	92.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,180	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.1	...	...	61.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	...	...	1,580	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,688	...	...	1,688	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	454,000	...	...	454,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,110	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.0	...	...	34.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.5	...	...	18.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,420	...	...	1,420	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,476	...	...	1,476	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	420	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	250	...	...	250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	248	...	...	248	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	118,785	59,330	59,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,810	1,975	1,835	3.2	3.3	3.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,645	1,885	1,765	3.1	3.2	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,820	1,460	1,365	2.4	2.5	2.3
Métis single ancestry	785	400	385	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,055	3,830	4,220	6.8	6.5	7.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,735	3,690	4,045	6.5	6.2	6.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,590	1,640	1,950	3.0	2.8	3.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,045	2,000	2,045	3.4	3.4	3.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	315	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	280	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	106,925	53,525	53,400	90.0	90.2	89.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	118,785	59,330	59,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	115,355	57,720	57,635	97.1	97.3	96.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,925	13,855	13,070	22.7	23.4	22.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,435	43,865	44,565	74.4	73.9	75.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,430	1,610	1,820	2.9	2.7	3.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	118,785	59,330	59,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	107,250	53,800	53,455	90.3	90.7	89.9
Immigrants⁸¹	11,135	5,325	5,805	9.4	9.0	9.8
Before 1980	3,635	1,825	1,815	3.1	3.1	3.1
1980 to 1990	1,240	590	655	1.0	1.0	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,170	505	665	1.0	0.9	1.1
2001 to 2010	1,915	870	1,040	1.6	1.5	1.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,170	1,540	1,635	2.7	2.6	2.7
2011 to 2015	1,710	845	865	1.4	1.4	1.5
2016 to 2021	1,465	700	770	1.2	1.2	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	400	205	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,130	5,325	5,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,295	690	600	11.6	13.0	10.3
5 to 14 years	2,370	1,245	1,120	21.3	23.4	19.3
15 to 24 years	2,260	1,020	1,240	20.3	19.2	21.3
25 to 44 years	4,480	2,050	2,435	40.3	38.5	41.9
45 years and over	730	315	410	6.6	5.9	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,130	5,325	5,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,500	645	855	13.5	12.1	14.7
Brazil	70	20	45	0.6	0.4	0.8
Colombia	70	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
El Salvador	35	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Guyana	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haiti	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Jamaica	120	40	75	1.1	0.8	1.3
Mexico	100	50	50	0.9	0.9	0.9
Peru	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	90	35	50	0.8	0.7	0.9
United States of America	615	280	340	5.5	5.3	5.9
Other places of birth in Americas	315	125	190	2.8	2.3	3.3
Europe	5,140	2,600	2,540	46.2	48.8	43.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Croatia	85	55	30	0.8	1.0	0.5
France	85	45	35	0.8	0.8	0.6
Germany	580	310	275	5.2	5.8	4.7
Greece	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hungary	85	30	45	0.8	0.6	0.8
Italy	210	140	70	1.9	2.6	1.2
Netherlands	445	240	205	4.0	4.5	3.5
Poland	285	135	150	2.6	2.5	2.6
Portugal	125	60	65	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romania	95	45	45	0.9	0.8	0.8
Russian Federation	80	15	60	0.7	0.3	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	45	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	175	85	90	1.6	1.6	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,100	1,045	1,055	18.9	19.6	18.2
Other places of birth in Europe	700	340	355	6.3	6.4	6.1
Africa	775	375	400	7.0	7.0	6.9
Algeria	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egypt	55	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Morocco	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	110	75	35	1.0	1.4	0.6
Somalia	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	235	115	120	2.1	2.2	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	250	105	145	2.2	2.0	2.5
Asia	3,550	1,580	1,970	31.9	29.7	33.9
Afghanistan	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	75	35	40	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iraq	125	60	65	1.1	1.1	1.1
Lebanon	80	40	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	70	45	25	0.6	0.8	0.4
Turkey	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	165	60	105	1.5	1.1	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	145	75	70	1.3	1.4	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	95	55	45	0.9	1.0	0.8
Taiwan	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	1,740	750	990	15.6	14.1	17.0
Viet Nam	75	25	45	0.7	0.5	0.8
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
India	375	195	180	3.4	3.7	3.1
Pakistan	55	15	40	0.5	0.3	0.7
Sri Lanka	85	50	45	0.8	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	385	145	240	3.5	2.7	4.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	170	120	50	1.5	2.3	0.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,465	700	770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	205	100	110	14.0	14.3	14.3
Brazil	25	10	15	1.7	1.4	1.9
Colombia	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Mexico	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
United States of America	90	50	45	6.1	7.1	5.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	10	25	2.7	1.4	3.2
Europe	220	105	115	15.0	15.0	14.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	15	1.0	0.0	1.9
Ireland⁹⁶	25	20	10	1.7	2.9	1.3
Italy	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	15	15	1.7	2.1	1.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	20	25	3.1	2.9	3.2
Other places of birth in Europe	95	45	45	6.5	6.4	5.8
Africa	125	75	55	8.5	10.7	7.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	65	50	15	4.4	7.1	1.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	25	10	2.0	3.6	1.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	0	20	1.4	0.0	2.6
Asia	900	405	490	61.4	57.9	63.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	75	45	40	5.1	6.4	5.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	680	305	375	46.4	43.6	48.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	30	10	2.4	4.3	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	15	25	2.7	2.1	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	15	15	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	118,785	59,330	59,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,415	5,970	6,445	10.5	10.1	10.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,000	9,545	9,450	16.0	16.1	15.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	87,375	43,815	43,560	73.6	73.8	73.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,500	3,500	3,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,555	2,235	2,310	60.7	63.9	57.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,710	965	740	22.8	27.6	18.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,845	1,270	1,575	37.9	36.3	39.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,120	845	1,280	28.3	24.1	32.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	735	385	340	9.8	11.0	8.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	90	35	55	1.2	1.0	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,500	3,500	3,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	245	130	120	3.3	3.7	3.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,785	840	940	23.8	24.0	23.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	380	180	195	5.1	5.1	4.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	220	90	130	2.9	2.6	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	20	35	0.7	0.6	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,815	2,245	2,570	64.2	64.1	64.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	118,785	59,330	59,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,175	4,480	4,690	7.7	7.6	7.9
South Asian	1,485	765	720	1.3	1.3	1.2
Chinese	1,095	555	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Black	1,325	720	605	1.1	1.2	1.0
Filipino	2,385	1,060	1,330	2.0	1.8	2.2
Arab	785	400	385	0.7	0.7	0.6
Latin American	720	315	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Southeast Asian	440	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	145	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	109,610	54,850	54,765	92.3	92.4	92.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	118,785	59,330	59,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,250	8,410	7,845	13.7	14.2	13.2
English	28,175	13,810	14,365	23.7	23.3	24.2
Irish	21,930	10,550	11,380	18.5	17.8	19.1
Scottish	23,330	11,440	11,885	19.6	19.3	20.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	17,565	8,610	8,955	14.8	14.5	15.1
German	23,440	11,590	11,850	19.7	19.5	19.9
Chinese	1,405	705	705	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italian	3,890	2,005	1,885	3.3	3.4	3.2
Indian (India)	925	505	425	0.8	0.9	0.7
Ukrainian	17,765	8,815	8,955	15.0	14.9	15.1
Dutch	7,115	3,490	3,625	6.0	5.9	6.1
Polish	7,545	3,515	4,030	6.4	5.9	6.8
Québécois	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,650	2,355	2,295	3.9	4.0	3.9
Filipino	2,405	1,055	1,350	2.0	1.8	2.3
French Canadian	1,685	865	825	1.4	1.5	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,725	865	860	1.5	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,480	1,250	1,235	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis	5,260	2,610	2,650	4.4	4.4	4.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,795	830	965	1.5	1.4	1.6
Russian	2,835	1,395	1,435	2.4	2.4	2.4
Norwegian	5,225	2,605	2,610	4.4	4.4	4.4
Welsh	2,905	1,335	1,570	2.4	2.3	2.6
Portuguese	835	440	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	2,500	1,345	1,155	2.1	2.3	1.9
Spanish	835	355	480	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	3,195	1,465	1,730	2.7	2.5	2.9
Hungarian	1,550	755	790	1.3	1.3	1.3
Acadian	445	260	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pakistani	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	370	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	340	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	310	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	360	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,185	970	1,215	1.8	1.6	2.0
Korean	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	1,075	475	605	0.9	0.8	1.0
Lebanese	310	140	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	335	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,580	790	790	1.3	1.3	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	665	285	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	1,765	880	885	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belgian	1,560	720	840	1.3	1.2	1.4
Haitian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	195	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	455	165	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
Finnish	540	260	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sri Lankan	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	550	270	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	310	140	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,185	635	550	1.0	1.1	0.9
Muslim	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	865	450	415	0.7	0.8	0.7
Colombian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	625	345	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Syrian	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	225	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	145	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	390	195	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215	85	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	220	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	130	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	230	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	855	450	405	0.7	0.8	0.7
Ghanaian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	130	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	140	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	60	50	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	245	145	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	90	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	140	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	118,785	59,330	59,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	63,845	30,305	33,545	53.7	51.1	56.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,720	4,680	5,040	8.2	7.9	8.5
Anabaptist	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	3,550	1,665	1,885	3.0	2.8	3.2
Baptist	1,300	590	710	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	31,415	15,145	16,270	26.4	25.5	27.4
Christian Orthodox	1,465	670	795	1.2	1.1	1.3
Jehovah's Witness	315	145	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	870	445	430	0.7	0.8	0.7
Lutheran	2,655	1,225	1,430	2.2	2.1	2.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,285	615	670	1.1	1.0	1.1
Presbyterian	535	235	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Reformed	620	305	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Church	5,710	2,540	3,170	4.8	4.3	5.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,090	1,915	2,175	3.4	3.2	3.7
Hindu	370	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,150	570	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sikh	235	150	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	560	290	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	855	370	485	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	51,330	27,255	24,080	43.2	45.9	40.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	117,675	58,730	58,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	105,960	52,945	53,015	90.0	90.1	89.9
Movers	11,710	5,780	5,925	10.0	9.8	10.1
Non-migrants	5,000	2,445	2,560	4.2	4.2	4.3
Migrants	6,710	3,340	3,370	5.7	5.7	5.7
Internal migrants	6,500	3,230	3,280	5.5	5.5	5.6
Intraprovincial migrants	5,335	2,635	2,705	4.5	4.5	4.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,165	590	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	112,565	56,095	56,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	73,625	36,885	36,740	65.4	65.8	65.1
Movers	38,940	19,205	19,730	34.6	34.2	34.9
Non-migrants	11,835	5,685	6,150	10.5	10.1	10.9
Migrants	27,110	13,520	13,585	24.1	24.1	24.1
Internal migrants	26,005	12,950	13,055	23.1	23.1	23.1
Intraprovincial migrants	21,545	10,735	10,810	19.1	19.1	19.1
Interprovincial migrants	4,455	2,215	2,250	4.0	3.9	4.0
External migrants	1,105	575	530	1.0	1.0	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,175	47,705	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,675	9,060	6,620	16.3	19.0	13.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,495	38,645	41,850	83.7	81.0	86.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,600	30,985	31,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,465	4,040	2,425	10.3	13.0	7.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,125	26,935	29,190	89.7	86.9	92.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,170	47,700	48,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,055	7,135	5,920	13.6	15.0	12.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,835	13,910	14,925	30.0	29.2	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,280	26,655	27,625	56.4	55.9	57.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,920	18,635	16,290	36.3	39.1	33.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,520	9,535	1,985	12.0	20.0	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,585	1,615	970	2.7	3.4	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,940	7,920	1,015	9.3	16.6	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,280	7,995	12,285	21.1	16.8	25.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,125	1,100	2,015	3.2	2.3	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,360	8,025	11,340	20.1	16.8	23.4
Bachelor's degree	14,075	5,600	8,480	14.6	11.7	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	990	375	620	1.0	0.8	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	460	230	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	3,370	1,565	1,810	3.5	3.3	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	460	265	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,595	30,985	31,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,900	2,925	1,980	7.8	9.4	6.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,540	8,200	8,345	26.4	26.5	26.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,155	19,860	21,290	65.7	64.1	67.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,330	13,995	12,340	42.1	45.2	39.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,605	7,145	1,460	13.7	23.1	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,860	1,230	630	3.0	4.0	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,750	5,920	830	10.8	19.1	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,445	6,080	9,365	24.7	19.6	29.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,280	765	1,515	3.6	2.5	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,825	5,870	8,955	23.7	18.9	28.3
Bachelor's degree	10,870	4,150	6,720	17.4	13.4	21.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	705	235	470	1.1	0.8	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	345	155	185	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	2,570	1,140	1,430	4.1	3.7	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	340	190	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	96,175	47,700	48,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,895	21,045	20,850	43.6	44.1	43.0
Education	4,705	1,155	3,545	4.9	2.4	7.3
13. Education	4,705	1,155	3,545	4.9	2.4	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,235	400	835	1.3	0.8	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,085	300	780	1.1	0.6	1.6
Humanities	1,685	680	1,010	1.8	1.4	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	160	25	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	370	120	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	475	155	325	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	305	175	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	180	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,535	1,425	3,115	4.7	3.0	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	515	205	315	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	800	30	770	0.8	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	850	255	600	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	955	270	685	1.0	0.6	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,335	645	690	1.4	1.4	1.4
Business, management and public administration	10,310	3,625	6,685	10.7	7.6	13.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	675	145	535	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,615	3,475	6,140	10.0	7.3	12.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,780	870	910	1.9	1.8	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	625	245	375	0.6	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	525	240	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	375	270	100	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	245	110	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,265	785	480	1.3	1.6	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	970	690	285	1.0	1.4	0.6
25. Library science	150	10	140	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,235	14,130	1,100	15.8	29.6	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	360	230	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	1,705	1,455	245	1.8	3.1	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,720	3,295	425	3.9	6.9	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,390	4,240	145	4.6	8.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,220	3,140	75	3.3	6.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,840	1,760	80	1.9	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,455	695	760	1.5	1.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	950	420	535	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	505	270	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
Health and related fields	8,825	1,390	7,440	9.2	2.9	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	650	320	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,015	1,015	7,005	8.3	2.1	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,245	1,500	1,745	3.4	3.1	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,650	335	1,315	1.7	0.7	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	870	510	355	0.9	1.1	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	630	565	60	0.7	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,600	30,985	31,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,445	11,120	10,325	34.3	35.9	32.7
Education	3,260	740	2,515	5.2	2.4	8.0
13. Education	3,260	740	2,515	5.2	2.4	8.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	980	305	680	1.6	1.0	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	870	235	635	1.4	0.8	2.0
Humanities	1,245	485	755	2.0	1.6	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	15	120	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	265	85	175	0.4	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355	115	245	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	125	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	125	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,640	1,080	2,555	5.8	3.5	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	445	175	270	0.7	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	675	25	650	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	700	185	515	1.1	0.6	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	730	200	525	1.2	0.6	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,030	485	545	1.6	1.6	1.7
Business, management and public administration	7,840	2,655	5,185	12.5	8.6	16.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	500	75	420	0.8	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,320	2,570	4,750	11.7	8.3	15.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,260	625	635	2.0	2.0	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	475	190	290	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	350	185	170	0.6	0.6	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	235	170	65	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	85	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,000	665	340	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	840	600	240	1.3	1.9	0.8
25. Library science	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,510	10,565	945	18.4	34.1	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	265	150	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	1,275	1,070	210	2.0	3.5	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,805	2,445	355	4.5	7.9	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,315	3,180	135	5.3	10.3	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,450	2,390	60	3.9	7.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,410	1,340	70	2.3	4.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,080	480	595	1.7	1.5	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	675	245	435	1.1	0.8	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	400	240	160	0.6	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	6,780	1,100	5,685	10.8	3.6	18.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	515	260	260	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,130	790	5,340	9.8	2.5	16.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,555	1,155	1,400	4.1	3.7	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,245	235	1,015	2.0	0.8	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	770	450	330	1.2	1.5	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	405	45	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,600	30,985	31,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,445	11,120	10,325	34.3	35.9	32.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,150	19,860	21,290	65.7	64.1	67.3
Location of study inside Canada	37,680	18,255	19,425	60.2	58.9	61.4
Same as province or territory of residence	30,410	14,825	15,590	48.6	47.8	49.3
Different than province or territory of residence	7,265	3,430	3,835	11.6	11.1	12.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,480	1,605	1,870	5.6	5.2	5.9
Americas	960	450	505	1.5	1.5	1.6
United States of America	725	350	370	1.2	1.1	1.2
Mexico	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	980	510	475	1.6	1.6	1.5
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	410	205	205	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Africa	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,245	485	765	2.0	1.6	2.4
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	735	275	460	1.2	0.9	1.5
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	200	110	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	125	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Australia	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	96,175	47,700	48,470	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,275	33,610	29,670	...	...	...
Employed	57,225	30,505	26,720	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,050	3,105	2,945	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,900	14,095	18,805	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.8	70.5	61.2	65.8	70.5	61.2
Employment rate	59.5	64.0	55.1	59.5	64.0	55.1
Unemployment rate	9.6	9.2	9.9	9.6	9.2	9.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	96,175	47,700	48,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,470	14,660	18,805	34.8	30.7	38.8
Worked	62,705	33,045	29,665	65.2	69.3	61.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,350	19,865	14,490	35.7	41.6	29.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,360	13,175	15,180	29.5	27.6	31.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.2	40.5	41.4	42.2	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,270	33,605	29,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,610	775	835	2.5	2.3	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,665	32,835	28,830	97.5	97.7	97.2
Employee	52,045	26,945	25,095	82.3	80.2	84.6
Permanent position	42,980	22,385	20,590	67.9	66.6	69.4
Temporary position	9,065	4,565	4,505	14.3	13.6	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,510	1,200	1,315	4.0	3.6	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,555	3,365	3,190	10.4	10.0	10.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,620	5,885	3,740	15.2	17.5	12.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,270	33,605	29,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,610	775	835	2.5	2.3	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,665	32,835	28,830	97.5	97.7	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	940	675	260	1.5	2.0	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,665	2,730	7,935	16.9	8.1	26.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,140	3,320	820	6.5	9.9	2.8
3 Health occupations	5,175	815	4,365	8.2	2.4	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,975	3,635	5,345	14.2	10.8	18.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,315	455	860	2.1	1.4	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	12,585	5,540	7,045	19.9	16.5	23.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,640	12,390	1,250	21.6	36.9	4.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,395	1,760	635	3.8	5.2	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,830	1,515	315	2.9	4.5	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,270	33,605	29,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,610	775	835	2.5	2.3	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	61,665	32,835	28,830	97.5	97.7	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,475	905	565	2.3	2.7	1.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,850	1,640	215	2.9	4.9	0.7
22 Utilities	720	515	200	1.1	1.5	0.7
23 Construction	7,440	6,245	1,200	11.8	18.6	4.0
31-33 Manufacturing	2,940	2,250	685	4.6	6.7	2.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,690	1,960	735	4.3	5.8	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	6,415	3,010	3,405	10.1	9.0	11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,055	2,230	830	4.8	6.6	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	665	395	270	1.1	1.2	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,950	705	1,250	3.1	2.1	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,250	635	615	2.0	1.9	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,005	2,255	1,745	6.3	6.7	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,130	1,190	940	3.4	3.5	3.2
61 Educational services	4,445	1,155	3,285	7.0	3.4	11.1
62 Health care and social assistance	7,710	1,135	6,575	12.2	3.4	22.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,010	460	550	1.6	1.4	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,350	880	1,470	3.7	2.6	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,765	1,405	1,360	4.4	4.2	4.6
91 Public administration	6,695	3,795	2,900	10.6	11.3	9.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,255	35,390	31,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	65,775	34,750	31,025	97.8	98.2	97.3
French	150	45	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	915	375	545	1.4	1.1	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	335	175	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,255	35,390	31,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	67,105	35,310	31,800	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	67,035	35,270	31,765	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	66,730	35,205	31,530	99.2	99.5	98.9
French	300	70	230	0.4	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,255	35,390	31,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,120	34,895	31,225	98.3	98.6	98.0
English	180	40	135	0.3	0.1	0.4
French	675	300	375	1.0	0.8	1.2
Non-official language	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	185	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,225	30,500	26,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,255	5,480	6,775	21.4	18.0	25.4
Worked outside Canada	85	75	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	9,155	7,075	2,080	16.0	23.2	7.8
Usual place of work	35,735	17,870	17,860	62.4	58.6	66.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,735	17,870	17,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,530	4,645	6,880	32.3	26.0	38.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,780	11,210	9,570	58.2	62.7	53.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,195	1,845	1,355	8.9	10.3	7.6
Commute to a different province or territory	230	175	55	0.6	1.0	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,885	24,945	19,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,560	23,300	18,260	92.6	93.4	91.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,660	22,430	17,230	88.4	89.9	86.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,900	875	1,030	4.2	3.5	5.2
Public transit	665	335	340	1.5	1.3	1.7
Walked	1,475	640	835	3.3	2.6	4.2
Bicycle	205	160	45	0.5	0.6	0.2
Other method	970	510	465	2.2	2.0	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,885	24,945	19,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,130	5,285	6,845	27.0	21.2	34.3
15 to 29 minutes	15,130	8,355	6,770	33.7	33.5	34.0
30 to 44 minutes	11,010	6,645	4,365	24.5	26.6	21.9
45 to 59 minutes	4,005	2,700	1,310	8.9	10.8	6.6
60 minutes and over	2,610	1,960	650	5.8	7.9	3.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,885	24,945	19,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,490	2,735	755	7.8	11.0	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,385	6,345	3,045	20.9	25.4	15.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,300	7,145	6,160	29.6	28.6	30.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,935	3,480	4,450	17.7	14.0	22.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,780	1,855	2,930	10.6	7.4	14.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,995	3,395	2,600	13.4	13.6	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	27,835	14,355	13,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,650	1,315	1,335	9.5	9.2	9.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,185	13,040	12,145	90.5	90.8	90.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,180	11,010	10,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,020	1,010	1,005	9.5	9.2	9.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	960	455	500	4.5	4.1	4.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,060	555	505	5.0	5.0	5.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,155	10,000	9,160	90.4	90.8	90.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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