Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Columbia--Kootenay--Southern RockiesMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	117,110	58,260	58,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,210	8,740	8,465	14.7	15.0	14.4
0 to 4 years	4,895	2,445	2,450	4.2	4.2	4.2
5 to 9 years	5,895	3,025	2,875	5.0	5.2	4.9
10 to 14 years	6,415	3,275	3,140	5.5	5.6	5.3
15 to 64 years	71,395	35,650	35,745	61.0	61.2	60.7
15 to 19 years	5,530	2,845	2,680	4.7	4.9	4.6
20 to 24 years	5,000	2,650	2,350	4.3	4.5	4.0
25 to 29 years	6,200	3,140	3,060	5.3	5.4	5.2
30 to 34 years	7,165	3,540	3,625	6.1	6.1	6.2
35 to 39 years	7,695	3,875	3,820	6.6	6.7	6.5
40 to 44 years	7,240	3,645	3,595	6.2	6.3	6.1
45 to 49 years	7,010	3,505	3,510	6.0	6.0	6.0
50 to 54 years	7,125	3,540	3,585	6.1	6.1	6.1
55 to 59 years	8,485	4,115	4,370	7.2	7.1	7.4
60 to 64 years	9,955	4,805	5,145	8.5	8.2	8.7
65 years and over	28,510	13,870	14,640	24.3	23.8	24.9
65 to 69 years	9,505	4,760	4,740	8.1	8.2	8.1
70 to 74 years	7,975	4,020	3,955	6.8	6.9	6.7
75 to 79 years	4,940	2,410	2,525	4.2	4.1	4.3
80 to 84 years	3,150	1,460	1,685	2.7	2.5	2.9
85 years and over	2,945	1,215	1,735	2.5	2.1	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,880	825	1,055	1.6	1.4	1.8
90 to 94 years	845	320	530	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	195	65	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.0	14.4	14.7	15.0	14.4
15 to 64 years	61.0	61.2	60.7	61.0	61.2	60.7
65 years and over	24.3	23.8	24.9	24.3	23.8	24.9
85 years and over	2.5	2.1	2.9	2.5	2.1	2.9
Average age of the population	45.1	44.6	45.7	45.1	44.6	45.7
Median age of the population	46.8	46.0	47.6	46.8	46.0	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	36,990	...	...	71.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,865	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	2,105	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,665	...	...	3.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,370	...	...	10.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	330	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,120	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,770	...	...	30.6	...	...
2 persons	20,860	...	...	40.5	...	...
3 persons	6,560	...	...	12.7	...	...
4 persons	5,520	...	...	10.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,760	...	...	5.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,385	57,040	57,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,905	49,520	50,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	60,285	30,130	30,155	60.3	60.8	59.8
Married	46,825	23,410	23,410	46.9	47.3	46.5
Living common-law	13,465	6,715	6,745	13.5	13.6	13.4
Living common law - Never married	9,430	4,760	4,670	9.4	9.6	9.3
Living common law - Separated	590	280	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	3,035	1,530	1,505	3.0	3.1	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	405	145	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	39,615	19,390	20,225	39.7	39.2	40.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,550	13,380	10,170	23.6	27.0	20.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,995	1,360	1,635	3.0	2.7	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,095	3,215	3,880	7.1	6.5	7.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,975	1,430	4,540	6.0	2.9	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	21,130	...	...	62.0	...	...
3 persons	5,935	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	5,080	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,965	...	...	5.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,445	...	...	86.3	...	...
Married couples	22,715	...	...	66.6	...	...
With children⁶	8,910	...	...	26.1	...	...
Without children	13,805	...	...	40.5	...	...
Common-law couples	6,730	...	...	19.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,330	...	...	6.8	...	...
Without children	4,400	...	...	12.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,665	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,400	...	...	10.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,260	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,385	57,040	57,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	90,915	45,235	45,680	79.5	79.3	79.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,890	29,400	29,490	51.5	51.5	51.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,665	1,260	3,400	4.1	2.2	5.9
Children⁶	27,365	14,570	12,785	23.9	25.5	22.3
In a two-parent family	20,305	10,785	9,520	17.8	18.9	16.6
In a one-parent family	7,060	3,790	3,270	6.2	6.6	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,470	11,805	11,660	20.5	20.7	20.3
Living alone	15,770	7,760	8,005	13.8	13.6	14.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,865	845	1,015	1.6	1.5	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	5,835	3,195	2,635	5.1	5.6	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,855	...	...	59.9	...	...
Couple-family households	27,150	...	...	52.7	...	...
With children⁶	10,330	...	...	20.1	...	...
Without children	16,820	...	...	32.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,705	...	...	7.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	725	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,610	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,225	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	15,770	...	...	30.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,230	48,320	48,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,025	47,320	47,715	97.7	97.9	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,800	34,000	40,400	48,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,065	47,335	47,730	97.8	98.0	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,000	31,800	36,800	44,000	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,235	43,710	42,520	88.7	90.5	86.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	42,400	24,800	32,400	42,400	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,250	34,830	31,420	68.1	72.1	64.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	43,600	27,000	33,600	43,600	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,785	37,080	41,705	81.0	76.7	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	12,000	11,900	12,000	12,000	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,545	4,815	4,730	9.8	10.0	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,640	5,560	5,600	5,640	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,655	10,510	12,140	23.3	21.8	24.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,180	48,360	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,125	47,500	47,625	97.9	98.2	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,550	61,300	41,800	51,550	61,300	41,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,160	47,520	47,640	97.9	98.3	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,040	51,350	36,800	44,040	51,350	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,530	44,005	42,525	89.0	91.0	87.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,680	56,200	34,800	45,680	56,200	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,235	34,935	31,295	68.2	72.2	64.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,280	55,800	35,680	46,280	55,800	35,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,910	37,280	41,625	81.2	77.1	85.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,030	11,750	12,280	12,030	11,750	12,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,495	4,840	4,660	9.8	10.0	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,690	6,410	6,970	6,690	6,410	6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,585	10,440	12,145	23.2	21.6	24.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,610	8,350	8,830	8,610	8,350	8,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,180	48,360	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,740	15,695	11,050	27.5	32.5	22.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	77,000	53,200	65,000	77,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,400	83,000	59,800	73,400	83,000	59,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,555	13,650	15,905	30.4	28.2	32.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	25,000	17,400	20,000	25,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,840	40,080	24,780	31,840	40,080	24,780
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	85.0	74.4	80.6	85.0	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.5	67.0	56.1	62.5	67.0	56.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.4	15.0	25.7	19.4	15.0	25.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	3.8	7.0	5.1	3.8	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.0	5.4	4.0	3.0	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,230	48,320	48,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,205	1,005	1,200	2.3	2.1	2.4
With total income	95,030	47,320	47,715	97.7	97.9	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,600	2,960	4,645	8.0	6.2	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	11,075	4,160	6,915	11.7	8.8	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	15,385	6,335	9,050	16.2	13.4	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,985	5,630	7,355	13.7	11.9	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	10,915	5,060	5,850	11.5	10.7	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,645	4,335	4,310	9.1	9.2	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,210	3,480	2,730	6.5	7.4	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,845	2,950	1,900	5.1	6.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,610	2,280	1,335	3.8	4.8	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,095	1,975	1,120	3.3	4.2	2.3
$100,000 and over	10,660	8,160	2,505	11.2	17.2	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	7,830	5,905	1,925	8.2	12.5	4.0
$150,000 and over	2,835	2,250	580	3.0	4.8	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,230	48,320	48,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,165	985	1,185	2.2	2.0	2.4
With after-tax income	95,065	47,335	47,730	97.8	98.0	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,015	3,100	4,915	8.4	6.5	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	11,520	4,330	7,185	12.1	9.2	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	17,425	7,230	10,200	18.3	15.3	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	14,745	6,520	8,225	15.5	13.8	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	12,150	5,955	6,195	12.8	12.6	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,650	4,715	3,935	9.1	10.0	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,225	3,795	2,430	6.5	8.0	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,540	2,900	1,640	4.8	6.1	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,045	2,760	1,290	4.3	5.8	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,770	2,125	645	2.9	4.5	1.4
$100,000 and over	4,985	3,900	1,075	5.2	8.2	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,800	2,210	590	3.0	4.7	1.2
$125,000 and over	2,180	1,695	485	2.3	3.6	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,230	48,320	48,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,980	13,490	17,490	31.9	27.9	35.8
With employment income	66,250	34,835	31,420	68.1	72.1	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,010	5,600	5,410	16.6	16.1	17.2
$5,000 to $9,999	5,245	2,175	3,070	7.9	6.3	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,985	3,430	4,550	12.0	9.8	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,455	2,705	3,745	9.7	7.8	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	5,985	2,580	3,405	9.0	7.4	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,340	2,470	2,865	8.1	7.1	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,445	2,120	2,325	6.7	6.1	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,605	2,070	1,530	5.4	6.0	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,040	1,900	1,140	4.6	5.5	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,510	1,585	920	3.8	4.6	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,330	1,535	795	3.5	4.4	2.5
$100,000 and over	8,310	6,650	1,655	12.5	19.1	5.3
$100,000 to $124,999	4,545	3,480	1,070	6.9	10.0	3.4
$125,000 and over	3,765	3,170	590	5.7	9.1	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,230	48,320	48,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,115	46,330	46,785	95.8	95.9	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	48,800	30,800	38,400	48,800	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,360	46,355	46,995	96.0	95.9	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,800	28,200	34,400	42,800	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,610	43,370	42,240	88.0	89.8	86.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	44,000	26,000	33,600	44,000	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,185	36,010	33,175	71.2	74.5	67.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	43,200	26,000	32,400	43,200	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,875	29,520	36,350	67.8	61.1	74.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,700	8,400	9,000	9,700	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,010	3,970	4,035	8.2	8.2	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,640	5,240	5,520	5,640	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,180	48,360	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,260	46,450	46,815	96.0	96.1	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,560	62,100	39,120	50,560	62,100	39,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,460	46,460	47,000	96.2	96.1	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	51,120	33,840	42,400	51,120	33,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,945	43,665	42,280	88.4	90.3	86.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,360	59,200	35,160	47,360	59,200	35,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,345	36,240	33,100	71.4	74.9	67.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,120	56,950	34,280	46,120	56,950	34,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,925	29,465	36,460	67.8	60.9	74.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,790	10,190	9,470	9,790	10,190	9,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,925	4,005	3,920	8.2	8.3	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,770	6,460	7,080	6,770	6,460	7,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,180	48,360	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,565	15,610	10,955	27.3	32.3	22.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	74,500	48,400	61,200	74,500	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,300	82,300	55,500	71,300	82,300	55,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,165	13,035	15,135	29.0	27.0	31.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	31,600	22,000	25,600	31,600	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,400	47,920	28,320	37,400	47,920	28,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4	89.6	81.2	86.4	89.6	81.2
Employment income (%)	67.8	71.6	61.9	67.8	71.6	61.9
Government transfers (%)	13.7	10.4	18.8	13.7	10.4	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.5	1.1	0.9	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,300	...	...	95,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,500	...	...	81,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,880	...	...	49,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,120	...	...	43,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,300	...	...	115,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	400	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	460	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,190	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,385	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,850	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,835	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,095	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,150	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,205	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,120	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,825	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,385	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,095	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,940	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,315	...	...	37.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,045	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,540	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,030	...	...	9.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,705	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	470	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,225	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,500	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,150	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,080	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,400	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,530	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,435	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,675	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,195	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,955	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,705	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,185	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,235	...	...	29.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,260	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,905	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,065	...	...	9.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,605	10,960	10,645	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,400	34,800	37,200	40,400	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,400	32,800	34,400	36,400	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,500	...	...	114,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,500	...	...	97,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,200	...	...	87,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,200	...	...	124,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...	76,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,600	...	...	68,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,560	10,985	10,580	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,240	52,050	42,200	47,240	52,050	42,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,000	44,160	37,720	41,000	44,160	37,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,385	57,040	57,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,640	10,505	10,135	18.0	18.4	17.7
0 to 5 years	6,015	3,005	3,015	5.3	5.3	5.3
18 to 64 years	66,835	33,200	33,630	58.4	58.2	58.6
65 years and over	26,910	13,330	13,585	23.5	23.4	23.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,735	5,440	6,295	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,060	1,020	1,040	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	630	305	330	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,965	2,880	3,085	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,715	1,535	2,175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.3	9.5	11.0	10.3	9.5	11.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	9.7	10.3	10.0	9.7	10.3
0 to 5 years (%)	10.5	10.1	10.9	10.5	10.1	10.9
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.7	9.2	8.9	8.7	9.2
65 years and over (%)	13.8	11.5	16.0	13.8	11.5	16.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	113,570	56,645	56,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,480	10,430	10,055	18.0	18.4	17.7
0 to 5 years	5,970	2,980	2,990	5.3	5.3	5.3
18 to 64 years	66,290	32,945	33,355	58.4	58.2	58.6
65 years and over	26,795	13,280	13,520	23.6	23.4	23.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,965	1,565	1,400	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	485	245	235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	120	65	60	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,170	1,170	1,000	...	...	...
65 years and over	310	150	165	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.6	3.0	3.3	3.6	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,385	57,040	57,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	57,920	27,865	30,060	50.6	48.9	52.4
In bottom decile	10,965	5,250	5,715	9.6	9.2	10.0
In second decile	11,810	5,450	6,365	10.3	9.6	11.1
In third decile	11,750	5,660	6,085	10.3	9.9	10.6
In fourth decile	11,780	5,745	6,035	10.3	10.1	10.5
In fifth decile	11,615	5,755	5,860	10.2	10.1	10.2
In top half of the distribution	56,465	29,180	27,285	49.4	51.2	47.6
In sixth decile	11,625	5,910	5,715	10.2	10.4	10.0
In seventh decile	11,480	5,850	5,630	10.0	10.3	9.8
In eighth decile	11,530	5,950	5,580	10.1	10.4	9.7
In ninth decile	11,975	6,245	5,730	10.5	10.9	10.0
In top decile	9,860	5,225	4,635	8.6	9.2	8.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,385	...	...	114,385	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,690	57,725	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	108,085	54,330	53,750	93.4	94.1	92.7
French only	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,420	3,320	4,100	6.4	5.8	7.1
Neither English nor French	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,690	57,725	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	113,490	56,690	56,795	98.1	98.2	98.0
French	1,955	940	1,020	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,690	57,725	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	114,120	57,015	57,110	98.6	98.8	98.5
Official languages	106,970	53,710	53,265	92.5	93.0	91.9
English	104,900	52,720	52,180	90.7	91.3	90.0
French	2,075	990	1,085	1.8	1.7	1.9
Non-official languages	7,150	3,305	3,845	6.2	5.7	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,100	3,285	3,810	6.1	5.7	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	540	180	360	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	465	155	310	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,430	2,595	2,840	4.7	4.5	4.9
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,085	485	595	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,035	465	570	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	175	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	200	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	315	130	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,365	1,115	1,255	2.0	1.9	2.2
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,615	740	875	1.4	1.3	1.5
German	1,480	670	805	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	590	300	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	405	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	830	460	370	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	795	445	350	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindi	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	550	310	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,110	510	595	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	580	285	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	360	145	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	350	145	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	315	135	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,570	710	860	1.4	1.2	1.5
English and French	485	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	960	415	540	0.8	0.7	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,690	57,725	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	108,325	54,315	54,015	93.6	94.1	93.2
French	445	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	930	465	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	925	465	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	1,210	535	675	1.0	0.9	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,535	2,075	2,455	3.9	3.6	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,690	57,725	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	114,690	57,285	57,405	99.1	99.2	99.0
Official languages	112,580	56,235	56,350	97.3	97.4	97.2
English	111,935	55,925	56,005	96.8	96.9	96.6
French	645	310	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	2,110	1,050	1,055	1.8	1.8	1.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,100	1,050	1,050	1.8	1.8	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	230	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,385	710	670	1.2	1.2	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	365	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	535	295	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	520	290	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	385	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,005	440	560	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	755	340	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,690	57,725	57,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	110,555	55,365	55,195	95.6	95.9	95.2
English	1,105	535	570	1.0	0.9	1.0
French	830	385	450	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	2,670	1,190	1,475	2.3	2.1	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,555	1,135	1,420	2.2	2.0	2.4
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	114,420	57,130	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	114,295	57,080	57,210	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	114,250	57,055	57,190	99.9	99.9	99.8
French	7,355	3,090	4,260	6.4	5.4	7.4
Non-official languages	11,890	5,525	6,365	10.4	9.7	11.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	250	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	175	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,645	5,425	6,225	10.2	9.5	10.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	855	330	525	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	805	315	490	0.7	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	110	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,995	4,225	4,765	7.9	7.4	8.3
Albanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,325	620	705	1.2	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,305	610	690	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	235	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	285	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	515	225	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	220	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,460	1,685	1,775	3.0	2.9	3.1
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,430	1,195	1,240	2.1	2.1	2.2
German	2,355	1,165	1,185	2.1	2.0	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	905	445	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	325	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	555	295	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,185	665	525	1.0	1.2	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,140	630	510	1.0	1.1	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	585	335	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	835	435	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,380	1,420	1,955	3.0	2.5	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	935	420	515	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portuguese	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,390	945	1,440	2.1	1.7	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	165	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	155	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	115	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	610	265	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	580	265	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	265	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,425	57,130	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,110	4,485	4,620	8.0	7.9	8.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,795	4,325	4,465	7.7	7.6	7.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,680	1,710	1,965	3.2	3.0	3.4
Métis	5,010	2,560	2,445	4.4	4.5	4.3
Inuk (Inuit)	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	105,315	52,650	52,675	92.0	92.2	91.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,425	57,130	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,200	1,010	1,185	1.9	1.8	2.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,225	56,115	56,110	98.1	98.2	97.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	39,785	...	...	77.3	...	...
Renter	11,595	...	...	22.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,915	...	...	7.6	...	...
Not condominium	47,550	...	...	92.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	4,975	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,335	...	...	25.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,875	...	...	34.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,005	...	...	29.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,805	...	...	22.9	...	...
5 rooms	8,075	...	...	15.7	...	...
6 rooms	8,340	...	...	16.2	...	...
7 rooms	6,865	...	...	13.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,375	...	...	31.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,075	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	390	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	50,065	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,400	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,485	...	...	24.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,635	...	...	32.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,420	...	...	10.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,975	...	...	13.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,265	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,340	...	...	6.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,220	...	...	4.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,120	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,470	...	...	92.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,995	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,115	...	...	50.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,585	...	...	45.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,765	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	975	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,020	...	...	11.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,005	...	...	15.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,160	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,705	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,735	...	...	20.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,965	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,900	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,920	...	...	84.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,710	...	...	15.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,010	...	...	13.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,980	...	...	23.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,770	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,110	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,000	...	...	5.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	810	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,485	...	...	76.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	49,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,935	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not in core need	45,995	...	...	92.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,195	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.4	...	...	52.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,128	...	...	1,128	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	416,000	...	...	416,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	467,600	...	...	467,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,500	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.9	...	...	30.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,066	...	...	1,066	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	85	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	460	...	...	460	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	114,425	57,130	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,310	1,150	1,160	2.0	2.0	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,220	1,115	1,110	1.9	2.0	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,380	630	750	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis single ancestry	830	470	355	0.7	0.8	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,695	3,785	3,905	6.7	6.6	6.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,490	3,665	3,820	6.5	6.4	6.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,345	2,145	2,205	3.8	3.8	3.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,045	1,490	1,560	2.7	2.6	2.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190	120	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	104,420	52,190	52,235	91.3	91.4	91.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	114,425	57,130	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	109,255	54,715	54,540	95.5	95.8	95.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,295	10,345	9,950	17.7	18.1	17.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,960	44,370	44,590	77.7	77.7	77.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,170	2,420	2,750	4.5	4.2	4.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	114,425	57,130	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	101,010	50,655	50,355	88.3	88.7	87.9
Immigrants⁸¹	11,830	5,620	6,210	10.3	9.8	10.8
Before 1980	5,025	2,545	2,480	4.4	4.5	4.3
1980 to 1990	1,210	500	710	1.1	0.9	1.2
1991 to 2000	1,140	420	720	1.0	0.7	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,705	840	865	1.5	1.5	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,745	1,315	1,435	2.4	2.3	2.5
2011 to 2015	1,130	540	590	1.0	0.9	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,610	775	840	1.4	1.4	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,585	865	720	1.4	1.5	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,830	5,620	6,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,420	825	595	12.0	14.7	9.6
5 to 14 years	2,050	990	1,065	17.3	17.6	17.1
15 to 24 years	2,360	1,110	1,250	19.9	19.8	20.1
25 to 44 years	5,135	2,265	2,870	43.4	40.3	46.2
45 years and over	870	430	440	7.4	7.7	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,830	5,620	6,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,760	1,135	1,630	23.3	20.2	26.2
Brazil	40	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Colombia	25	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
El Salvador	25	20	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Guyana	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	155	60	100	1.3	1.1	1.6
Mexico	115	30	90	1.0	0.5	1.4
Peru	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	2,170	915	1,255	18.3	16.3	20.2
Other places of birth in Americas	175	60	110	1.5	1.1	1.8
Europe	6,280	3,210	3,070	53.1	57.1	49.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Croatia	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
France	150	70	85	1.3	1.2	1.4
Germany	950	470	480	8.0	8.4	7.7
Greece	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungary	85	35	50	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italy	355	190	165	3.0	3.4	2.7
Netherlands	430	255	175	3.6	4.5	2.8
Poland	170	70	105	1.4	1.2	1.7
Portugal	40	15	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romania	40	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Russian Federation	90	35	60	0.8	0.6	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	100	45	60	0.8	0.8	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,735	1,450	1,280	23.1	25.8	20.6
Other places of birth in Europe	1,005	495	510	8.5	8.8	8.2
Africa	495	250	245	4.2	4.4	3.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	55	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	310	140	165	2.6	2.5	2.7
Other places of birth in Africa	110	55	55	0.9	1.0	0.9
Asia	1,670	695	975	14.1	12.4	15.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	40	30	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	190	90	100	1.6	1.6	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	35	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	110	60	50	0.9	1.1	0.8
Taiwan	70	30	45	0.6	0.5	0.7
Philippines	590	195	395	5.0	3.5	6.4
Viet Nam	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.4
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
India	270	130	135	2.3	2.3	2.2
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	270	100	175	2.3	1.8	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	620	335	285	5.2	6.0	4.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,615	775	840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	440	190	250	27.2	24.5	29.8
Brazil	20	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	120	50	65	7.4	6.5	7.7
Mexico	30	15	15	1.9	1.9	1.8
United States of America	240	105	130	14.9	13.5	15.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	1.2	1.3	1.2
Europe	460	230	230	28.5	29.7	27.4
France	45	15	30	2.8	1.9	3.6
Germany	25	10	10	1.5	1.3	1.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	280	150	125	17.3	19.4	14.9
Other places of birth in Europe	90	40	45	5.6	5.2	5.4
Africa	30	15	15	1.9	1.9	1.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	490	225	265	30.3	29.0	31.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	1.5	1.3	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	175	100	70	10.8	12.9	8.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	255	105	150	15.8	13.5	17.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	1.2	0.0	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	185	110	80	11.5	14.2	9.5
Australia	175	105	65	10.8	13.5	7.7
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.8
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	114,425	57,130	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,765	7,200	7,570	12.9	12.6	13.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,595	9,490	10,100	17.1	16.6	17.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	80,070	40,440	39,625	70.0	70.8	69.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,805	3,075	3,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,735	1,865	1,870	54.9	60.7	50.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,805	1,090	710	26.5	35.4	19.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,930	770	1,160	28.4	25.0	31.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,695	1,035	1,660	39.6	33.7	44.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	325	155	170	4.8	5.0	4.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	20	30	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,805	3,075	3,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,140	1,010	1,135	31.4	32.8	30.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	280	100	175	4.1	3.3	4.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	405	195	210	6.0	6.3	5.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	115	35	80	1.7	1.1	2.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,830	1,710	2,115	56.3	55.6	56.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	114,425	57,130	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,530	2,630	2,895	4.8	4.6	5.1
South Asian	1,500	805	690	1.3	1.4	1.2
Chinese	785	345	435	0.7	0.6	0.8
Black	620	310	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	995	400	600	0.9	0.7	1.0
Arab	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin American	425	160	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	245	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	150	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	445	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	165	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	108,900	54,500	54,400	95.2	95.4	94.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	114,425	57,130	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,835	7,585	7,250	13.0	13.3	12.7
English	35,410	17,310	18,100	30.9	30.3	31.6
Irish	21,405	9,955	11,450	18.7	17.4	20.0
Scottish	26,690	12,945	13,750	23.3	22.7	24.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,245	5,920	6,325	10.7	10.4	11.0
German	20,445	10,105	10,340	17.9	17.7	18.0
Chinese	875	415	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italian	7,070	3,580	3,485	6.2	6.3	6.1
Indian (India)	1,035	555	480	0.9	1.0	0.8
Ukrainian	7,150	3,755	3,405	6.2	6.6	5.9
Dutch	5,580	2,870	2,710	4.9	5.0	4.7
Polish	4,720	2,300	2,425	4.1	4.0	4.2
Québécois	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,170	2,640	2,535	4.5	4.6	4.4
Filipino	915	355	560	0.8	0.6	1.0
French Canadian	1,175	610	575	1.0	1.1	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,315	1,205	1,115	2.0	2.1	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,325	1,085	1,240	2.0	1.9	2.2
Métis	4,155	2,120	2,035	3.6	3.7	3.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,180	1,650	1,530	2.8	2.9	2.7
Russian	4,415	2,200	2,215	3.9	3.9	3.9
Norwegian	5,430	2,525	2,905	4.7	4.4	5.1
Welsh	3,690	1,725	1,965	3.2	3.0	3.4
Portuguese	400	135	270	0.3	0.2	0.5
American	2,540	1,115	1,425	2.2	2.0	2.5
Spanish	780	305	475	0.7	0.5	0.8
Swedish	4,530	2,165	2,365	4.0	3.8	4.1
Hungarian	1,725	775	950	1.5	1.4	1.7
Acadian	325	120	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pakistani	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	270	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	560	290	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Punjabi	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Greek	405	220	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	175	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	935	435	500	0.8	0.8	0.9
Korean	165	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	755	365	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	1,825	895	930	1.6	1.6	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	800	400	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austrian	1,610	790	825	1.4	1.4	1.4
Belgian	595	265	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	220	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	460	235	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	1,340	605	735	1.2	1.1	1.3
Finnish	990	460	520	0.9	0.8	0.9
Sri Lankan	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	345	195	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	565	285	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,155	545	610	1.0	1.0	1.1
Muslim	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	645	350	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,220	610	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
Syrian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	265	150	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	385	185	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	310	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	425	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australian	680	345	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Palestinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	425	190	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	190	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	35	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	950	480	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ecuadorian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	280	145	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	140	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	114,425	57,135	57,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	570	210	355	0.5	0.4	0.6
Christian	42,160	19,265	22,895	36.8	33.7	40.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,790	4,150	4,645	7.7	7.3	8.1
Anabaptist	335	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	4,125	1,875	2,245	3.6	3.3	3.9
Baptist	1,140	530	615	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catholic	13,040	6,040	7,010	11.4	10.6	12.2
Christian Orthodox	415	180	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,095	495	600	1.0	0.9	1.0
Latter Day Saints	1,535	685	850	1.3	1.2	1.5
Lutheran	1,685	795	895	1.5	1.4	1.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,040	500	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Presbyterian	840	355	485	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	5,205	2,185	3,020	4.5	3.8	5.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,635	1,165	1,470	2.3	2.0	2.6
Hindu	460	255	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	315	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Muslim	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	585	300	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,275	525	745	1.1	0.9	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	68,730	36,280	32,450	60.1	63.5	56.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	113,620	56,705	56,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,660	49,355	49,310	86.8	87.0	86.6
Movers	14,960	7,350	7,610	13.2	13.0	13.4
Non-migrants	7,025	3,335	3,690	6.2	5.9	6.5
Migrants	7,935	4,020	3,910	7.0	7.1	6.9
Internal migrants	7,390	3,740	3,650	6.5	6.6	6.4
Intraprovincial migrants	4,230	2,060	2,175	3.7	3.6	3.8
Interprovincial migrants	3,165	1,685	1,475	2.8	3.0	2.6
External migrants	540	280	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	109,545	54,590	54,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,080	31,965	32,115	58.5	58.6	58.4
Movers	45,470	22,625	22,845	41.5	41.4	41.6
Non-migrants	13,060	6,555	6,510	11.9	12.0	11.8
Migrants	32,405	16,075	16,340	29.6	29.4	29.7
Internal migrants	29,715	14,700	15,015	27.1	26.9	27.3
Intraprovincial migrants	18,960	9,250	9,710	17.3	16.9	17.7
Interprovincial migrants	10,750	5,445	5,305	9.8	10.0	9.7
External migrants	2,690	1,375	1,320	2.5	2.5	2.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,180	48,360	48,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,465	9,310	7,155	16.9	19.3	14.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,720	39,050	41,670	83.1	80.7	85.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,970	29,650	30,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,255	3,725	2,530	10.4	12.6	8.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,720	25,930	27,790	89.6	87.5	91.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,185	48,360	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,735	7,415	6,315	14.1	15.3	12.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,720	14,345	15,370	30.6	29.7	31.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,730	26,600	27,135	55.3	55.0	55.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,560	18,665	16,890	36.6	38.6	34.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,615	9,415	2,200	12.0	19.5	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,500	2,030	1,470	3.6	4.2	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,115	7,385	725	8.4	15.3	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,335	8,190	13,145	22.0	16.9	26.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,610	1,060	1,550	2.7	2.2	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,175	7,930	10,245	18.7	16.4	21.0
Bachelor's degree	12,160	5,280	6,875	12.5	10.9	14.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,115	435	675	1.1	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	620	385	235	0.6	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	3,850	1,605	2,245	4.0	3.3	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	430	225	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,970	29,650	30,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,955	2,860	2,095	8.3	9.6	6.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,680	8,945	8,735	29.5	30.2	28.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,335	17,850	19,490	62.3	60.2	64.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,140	12,490	11,650	40.3	42.1	38.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,585	6,180	1,405	12.6	20.8	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,295	1,340	960	3.8	4.5	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,290	4,840	450	8.8	16.3	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,935	5,595	9,340	24.9	18.9	30.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,625	715	905	2.7	2.4	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,200	5,360	7,840	22.0	18.1	25.9
Bachelor's degree	9,015	3,710	5,300	15.0	12.5	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	295	480	1.3	1.0	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	425	215	215	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	2,715	1,005	1,710	4.5	3.4	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	140	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,185	48,360	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,450	21,760	21,690	44.7	45.0	44.4
Education	4,195	1,065	3,125	4.3	2.2	6.4
13. Education	4,195	1,065	3,125	4.3	2.2	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,765	725	1,040	1.8	1.5	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	165	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,550	560	995	1.6	1.2	2.0
Humanities	2,000	930	1,070	2.1	1.9	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	25	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	485	175	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	635	265	370	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	180	135	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	235	150	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	270	170	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,250	1,260	2,990	4.4	2.6	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	150	275	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	55	935	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	570	165	400	0.6	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	735	230	505	0.8	0.5	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,350	595	755	1.4	1.2	1.5
Business, management and public administration	9,465	3,020	6,445	9.7	6.2	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,035	130	895	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,400	2,880	5,525	8.6	6.0	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,960	1,050	915	2.0	2.2	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	705	320	385	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	455	210	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	635	460	175	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	45	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,050	635	420	1.1	1.3	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	725	475	250	0.7	1.0	0.5
25. Library science	115	20	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	175	125	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,860	12,870	985	14.3	26.6	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	315	175	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,500	1,230	265	1.5	2.5	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,475	2,215	265	2.5	4.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,990	3,865	130	4.1	8.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,720	3,605	115	3.8	7.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,840	1,775	65	1.9	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,640	1,640	1,000	2.7	3.4	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,025	525	495	1.1	1.1	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,620	1,120	500	1.7	2.3	1.0
Health and related fields	9,100	1,690	7,410	9.4	3.5	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,065	575	495	1.1	1.2	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,800	975	6,820	8.0	2.0	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	215	145	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,425	1,710	1,710	3.5	3.5	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,135	635	1,500	2.2	1.3	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	470	330	140	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	770	700	70	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,970	29,650	30,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,635	11,805	10,835	37.7	39.8	35.7
Education	2,415	550	1,865	4.0	1.9	6.2
13. Education	2,415	550	1,865	4.0	1.9	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,370	540	830	2.3	1.8	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	95	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,230	440	785	2.1	1.5	2.6
Humanities	1,335	615	725	2.2	2.1	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	330	120	210	0.6	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	415	155	260	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	110	40	0.2	0.4	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	165	110	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,245	835	2,405	5.4	2.8	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	135	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	780	45	740	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	450	115	335	0.8	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	475	100	375	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,020	380	635	1.7	1.3	2.1
Business, management and public administration	6,785	2,190	4,595	11.3	7.4	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	795	90	700	1.3	0.3	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,985	2,095	3,890	10.0	7.1	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,315	620	690	2.2	2.1	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	475	180	290	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	145	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	415	265	145	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	765	455	310	1.3	1.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	595	390	210	1.0	1.3	0.7
25. Library science	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,365	8,580	785	15.6	28.9	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	275	135	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	1,105	875	230	1.8	3.0	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,640	1,435	205	2.7	4.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,665	2,585	75	4.4	8.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,470	2,400	70	4.1	8.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,200	1,145	50	2.0	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,990	1,155	835	3.3	3.9	2.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	755	340	415	1.3	1.1	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,225	810	420	2.0	2.7	1.4
Health and related fields	6,305	1,160	5,140	10.5	3.9	17.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	825	425	400	1.4	1.4	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,325	670	4,660	8.9	2.3	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,445	1,155	1,295	4.1	3.9	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,560	455	1,115	2.6	1.5	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	365	240	125	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	510	450	60	0.9	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,970	29,650	30,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,635	11,805	10,835	37.7	39.8	35.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,335	17,845	19,485	62.3	60.2	64.3
Location of study inside Canada	32,875	15,800	17,075	54.8	53.3	56.3
Same as province or territory of residence	19,255	9,205	10,055	32.1	31.0	33.2
Different than province or territory of residence	13,620	6,600	7,020	22.7	22.3	23.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,455	2,050	2,410	7.4	6.9	7.9
Americas	1,370	575	795	2.3	1.9	2.6
United States of America	1,200	540	660	2.0	1.8	2.2
Mexico	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,455	735	715	2.4	2.5	2.4
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	195	110	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Switzerland	70	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungary	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	675	370	310	1.1	1.2	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	160	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,005	415	595	1.7	1.4	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	405	135	270	0.7	0.5	0.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	385	200	185	0.6	0.7	0.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	465	245	220	0.8	0.8	0.7
Australia	340	180	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
New Zealand	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,180	48,360	48,825	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,460	30,795	27,665	...	...	...
Employed	53,760	28,345	25,420	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,700	2,450	2,250	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,725	17,565	21,155	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.2	63.7	56.7	60.2	63.7	56.7
Employment rate	55.3	58.6	52.1	55.3	58.6	52.1
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.0	8.1	8.0	8.0	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,180	48,360	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,210	17,415	20,795	39.3	36.0	42.6
Worked	58,975	30,945	28,030	60.7	64.0	57.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,505	16,185	11,315	28.3	33.5	23.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,470	14,760	16,710	32.4	30.5	34.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	41.1	39.4	40.3	41.1	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,465	30,795	27,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	960	485	480	1.6	1.6	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,500	30,315	27,190	98.3	98.4	98.3
Employee	46,840	24,235	22,605	80.1	78.7	81.7
Permanent position	38,130	20,200	17,925	65.2	65.6	64.8
Temporary position	8,715	4,035	4,680	14.9	13.1	16.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,950	805	1,145	3.3	2.6	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,765	3,235	3,530	11.6	10.5	12.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,660	6,080	4,580	18.2	19.7	16.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,465	30,795	27,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	960	485	480	1.6	1.6	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,500	30,315	27,190	98.3	98.4	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	420	245	175	0.7	0.8	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,500	1,720	5,780	12.8	5.6	20.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,515	2,590	920	6.0	8.4	3.3
3 Health occupations	4,385	815	3,565	7.5	2.6	12.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,850	1,570	4,280	10.0	5.1	15.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,730	705	1,030	3.0	2.3	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	14,770	5,710	9,060	25.3	18.5	32.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,395	12,225	1,170	22.9	39.7	4.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,320	2,570	750	5.7	8.3	2.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,620	2,160	460	4.5	7.0	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,465	30,795	27,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	960	485	480	1.6	1.6	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	57,500	30,315	27,190	98.3	98.4	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,285	1,545	735	3.9	5.0	2.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,210	3,475	735	7.2	11.3	2.7
22 Utilities	400	325	75	0.7	1.1	0.3
23 Construction	5,530	4,825	710	9.5	15.7	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	3,925	2,985	940	6.7	9.7	3.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,005	775	225	1.7	2.5	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	7,330	3,305	4,025	12.5	10.7	14.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,040	1,500	540	3.5	4.9	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	535	295	245	0.9	1.0	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,085	335	750	1.9	1.1	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	930	455	480	1.6	1.5	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,220	1,550	1,670	5.5	5.0	6.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	240	120	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,255	1,255	1,000	3.9	4.1	3.6
61 Educational services	3,690	965	2,725	6.3	3.1	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	7,230	1,265	5,965	12.4	4.1	21.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,860	960	900	3.2	3.1	3.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,560	1,805	2,750	7.8	5.9	9.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,545	1,225	1,315	4.4	4.0	4.8
91 Public administration	2,615	1,330	1,280	4.5	4.3	4.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,810	33,335	30,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	62,865	33,045	29,820	98.5	99.1	97.8
French	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	435	110	320	0.7	0.3	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	400	140	265	0.6	0.4	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,810	33,335	30,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,745	33,310	30,435	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	63,690	33,285	30,405	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	63,590	33,270	30,320	99.7	99.8	99.5
French	100	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,810	33,335	30,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,015	33,085	29,925	98.8	99.3	98.2
English	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
French	360	110	255	0.6	0.3	0.8
Non-official language	325	100	225	0.5	0.3	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous	265	85	180	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,760	28,345	25,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,785	3,480	4,315	14.5	12.3	17.0
Worked outside Canada	180	150	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,875	6,730	2,145	16.5	23.7	8.4
Usual place of work	36,915	17,985	18,935	68.7	63.5	74.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,920	17,980	18,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,190	9,025	11,160	54.7	50.2	58.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	14,030	7,250	6,785	38.0	40.3	35.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,385	930	460	3.8	5.2	2.4
Commute to a different province or territory	1,315	780	530	3.6	4.3	2.8
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,790	24,715	21,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,840	21,355	17,485	84.8	86.4	82.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,765	19,745	16,025	78.1	79.9	76.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,075	1,605	1,465	6.7	6.5	6.9
Public transit	905	620	285	2.0	2.5	1.4
Walked	4,090	1,630	2,460	8.9	6.6	11.7
Bicycle	890	500	385	1.9	2.0	1.8
Other method	1,075	615	460	2.3	2.5	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,790	24,715	21,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	24,190	11,365	12,825	52.8	46.0	60.8
15 to 29 minutes	11,510	6,295	5,215	25.1	25.5	24.7
30 to 44 minutes	5,235	3,310	1,925	11.4	13.4	9.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,785	1,195	585	3.9	4.8	2.8
60 minutes and over	3,065	2,550	525	6.7	10.3	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,790	24,715	21,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,125	3,240	885	9.0	13.1	4.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,735	5,190	2,545	16.9	21.0	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,620	5,825	4,795	23.2	23.6	22.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,990	4,380	6,610	24.0	17.7	31.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,945	2,260	3,685	13.0	9.1	17.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,385	3,815	2,565	13.9	15.4	12.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,020	10,705	10,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,455	730	725	6.9	6.8	7.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,565	9,975	9,590	93.1	93.2	93.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,720	8,060	7,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,085	565	525	6.9	7.0	6.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	460	230	230	2.9	2.9	3.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	630	335	300	4.0	4.2	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,630	7,495	7,135	93.1	93.0	93.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 20, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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