Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kamloops--Thompson--NicolaMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,690	55,605	56,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,780	8,075	7,705	14.1	14.5	13.7
0 to 4 years	4,700	2,430	2,270	4.2	4.4	4.0
5 to 9 years	5,395	2,695	2,700	4.8	4.8	4.8
10 to 14 years	5,680	2,945	2,735	5.1	5.3	4.9
15 to 64 years	69,565	35,050	34,515	62.3	63.0	61.5
15 to 19 years	5,465	2,885	2,580	4.9	5.2	4.6
20 to 24 years	6,120	3,215	2,905	5.5	5.8	5.2
25 to 29 years	6,860	3,630	3,230	6.1	6.5	5.8
30 to 34 years	7,020	3,605	3,420	6.3	6.5	6.1
35 to 39 years	7,010	3,490	3,520	6.3	6.3	6.3
40 to 44 years	6,165	3,080	3,080	5.5	5.5	5.5
45 to 49 years	6,455	3,220	3,240	5.8	5.8	5.8
50 to 54 years	7,055	3,475	3,580	6.3	6.2	6.4
55 to 59 years	8,240	4,015	4,225	7.4	7.2	7.5
60 to 64 years	9,180	4,440	4,745	8.2	8.0	8.5
65 years and over	26,345	12,485	13,865	23.6	22.5	24.7
65 to 69 years	8,225	4,005	4,220	7.4	7.2	7.5
70 to 74 years	7,155	3,520	3,635	6.4	6.3	6.5
75 to 79 years	4,665	2,255	2,405	4.2	4.1	4.3
80 to 84 years	3,210	1,520	1,690	2.9	2.7	3.0
85 years and over	3,095	1,180	1,915	2.8	2.1	3.4
85 to 89 years	1,930	785	1,150	1.7	1.4	2.1
90 to 94 years	880	325	555	0.8	0.6	1.0
95 to 99 years	245	70	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.5	13.7	14.1	14.5	13.7
15 to 64 years	62.3	63.0	61.5	62.3	63.0	61.5
65 years and over	23.6	22.5	24.7	23.6	22.5	24.7
85 years and over	2.8	2.1	3.4	2.8	2.1	3.4
Average age of the population	44.8	43.9	45.7	44.8	43.9	45.7
Median age of the population	46.0	44.8	47.6	46.0	44.8	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,155	...	...	57.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,130	...	...	6.7	...	...
Row house	3,065	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,415	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,435	...	...	13.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	685	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,010	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,050	...	...	29.9	...	...
2 persons	18,300	...	...	38.9	...	...
3 persons	6,360	...	...	13.5	...	...
4 persons	5,200	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,085	...	...	6.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,600	53,630	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,910	47,530	48,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,360	27,115	27,245	56.7	57.0	56.3
Married	42,005	20,945	21,060	43.8	44.1	43.5
Living common-law	12,355	6,175	6,185	12.9	13.0	12.8
Living common law - Never married	8,535	4,305	4,225	8.9	9.1	8.7
Living common law - Separated	680	335	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,790	1,380	1,415	2.9	2.9	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	355	155	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	41,550	20,415	21,135	43.3	43.0	43.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,450	14,535	10,910	26.5	30.6	22.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,010	1,360	1,655	3.1	2.9	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,055	3,135	3,925	7.4	6.6	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,035	1,390	4,645	6.3	2.9	9.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,045	...	...	60.7	...	...
3 persons	5,790	...	...	18.4	...	...
4 persons	4,705	...	...	15.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,845	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,300	...	...	83.8	...	...
Married couples	20,125	...	...	64.1	...	...
With children⁶	8,370	...	...	26.7	...	...
Without children	11,760	...	...	37.5	...	...
Common-law couples	6,170	...	...	19.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,145	...	...	6.8	...	...
Without children	4,030	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,085	...	...	16.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,795	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,290	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,600	53,630	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	84,075	41,815	42,260	78.1	78.0	78.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	52,600	26,260	26,335	48.9	49.0	48.8
Parents in one-parent families	5,080	1,290	3,795	4.7	2.4	7.0
Children⁶	26,395	14,260	12,130	24.5	26.6	22.5
In a two-parent family	18,830	10,000	8,830	17.5	18.6	16.4
In a one-parent family	7,565	4,265	3,300	7.0	8.0	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,525	11,820	11,705	21.9	22.0	21.7
Living alone	14,050	6,780	7,265	13.1	12.6	13.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,980	1,345	1,640	2.8	2.5	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	6,495	3,695	2,805	6.0	6.9	5.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,700	...	...	56.8	...	...
Couple-family households	23,000	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,035	...	...	19.2	...	...
Without children	13,965	...	...	29.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,700	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,260	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,060	...	...	4.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,575	...	...	5.5	...	...
One-person households	14,050	...	...	29.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,895	45,600	46,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,465	44,420	45,045	97.4	97.4	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,800	34,000	39,200	46,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,490	44,435	45,060	97.4	97.4	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	31,800	36,400	42,400	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,025	39,480	38,540	84.9	86.6	83.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	42,400	25,800	33,200	42,400	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,515	31,515	29,000	65.9	69.1	62.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	45,200	29,400	36,000	45,200	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,960	35,890	40,065	82.7	78.7	86.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	11,400	11,900	11,700	11,400	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,400	4,765	4,640	10.2	10.4	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,560	5,480	5,480	5,560	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,565	10,555	11,005	23.5	23.1	23.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,850	45,610	46,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,390	44,385	45,005	97.3	97.3	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,920	58,550	41,360	49,920	58,550	41,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,400	44,395	45,005	97.3	97.3	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,040	49,440	36,720	43,040	49,440	36,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,745	39,065	38,680	84.6	85.7	83.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	55,650	35,440	45,600	55,650	35,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,445	31,335	29,115	65.8	68.7	63.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,520	55,800	36,520	46,520	55,800	36,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,655	35,690	39,965	82.4	78.3	86.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,110	11,940	12,260	12,110	11,940	12,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,370	4,655	4,715	10.2	10.2	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,540	6,310	6,760	6,540	6,310	6,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,365	10,375	10,985	23.3	22.7	23.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,560	8,910	8,740	8,560	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,850	45,610	46,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,590	14,975	11,620	28.9	32.8	25.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	71,500	53,200	62,000	71,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,900	79,300	57,900	69,900	79,300	57,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,950	11,725	13,220	27.2	25.7	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,600	17,400	20,800	25,600	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,920	40,160	24,580	31,920	40,160	24,580
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	83.6	73.6	79.4	83.6	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.0	67.2	57.1	63.0	67.2	57.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.5	16.4	26.4	20.5	16.4	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.3	6.9	5.4	4.3	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.4	5.3	4.2	3.4	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,895	45,600	46,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,425	1,175	1,245	2.6	2.6	2.7
With total income	89,470	44,420	45,045	97.4	97.4	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,980	3,410	4,570	8.9	7.7	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,250	4,475	6,780	12.6	10.1	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,510	6,110	8,400	16.2	13.8	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,845	5,175	6,670	13.2	11.6	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	9,970	4,430	5,540	11.1	10.0	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,105	4,005	4,100	9.1	9.0	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,115	3,405	2,710	6.8	7.7	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,610	2,805	1,805	5.2	6.3	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,580	2,310	1,270	4.0	5.2	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,745	1,730	1,010	3.1	3.9	2.3
$100,000 and over	8,750	6,580	2,175	9.8	14.8	4.8
$100,000 to $149,999	6,440	4,755	1,685	7.2	10.7	3.7
$150,000 and over	2,310	1,820	490	2.6	4.1	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,895	45,600	46,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,400	1,165	1,235	2.6	2.6	2.7
With after-tax income	89,490	44,435	45,060	97.4	97.4	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,270	3,490	4,780	9.2	7.9	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	11,560	4,605	6,950	12.9	10.4	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	16,155	6,820	9,335	18.0	15.3	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,560	5,985	7,575	15.2	13.5	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	11,175	5,290	5,885	12.5	11.9	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,530	4,620	3,915	9.5	10.4	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,040	3,685	2,355	6.7	8.3	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,365	2,800	1,565	4.9	6.3	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210	2,140	1,075	3.6	4.8	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,200	1,590	615	2.5	3.6	1.4
$100,000 and over	4,420	3,410	1,015	4.9	7.7	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,605	2,005	595	2.9	4.5	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,820	1,400	415	2.0	3.2	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,895	45,600	46,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	31,370	14,080	17,290	34.1	30.9	37.4
With employment income	60,515	31,515	29,000	65.9	69.1	62.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,065	4,375	4,690	15.0	13.9	16.2
$5,000 to $9,999	4,650	2,020	2,630	7.7	6.4	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	7,150	3,065	4,085	11.8	9.7	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	5,900	2,640	3,265	9.7	8.4	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,715	2,430	3,280	9.4	7.7	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	5,195	2,330	2,865	8.6	7.4	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,550	2,215	2,335	7.5	7.0	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,800	2,195	1,610	6.3	7.0	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,000	1,865	1,135	5.0	5.9	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,665	1,720	940	4.4	5.5	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,145	1,400	735	3.5	4.5	2.6
$100,000 and over	6,680	5,250	1,425	11.0	16.7	4.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,425	2,555	870	5.7	8.1	3.0
$125,000 and over	3,250	2,695	555	5.4	8.6	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,895	45,600	46,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,250	43,270	43,985	94.9	94.9	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	46,400	30,600	36,800	46,400	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,470	43,300	44,165	95.2	95.0	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,200	28,200	33,600	41,200	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,620	39,205	38,415	84.5	86.0	83.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	44,000	26,600	34,000	44,000	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,310	32,735	30,580	68.9	71.8	66.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,800	28,200	34,800	44,800	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,185	28,305	34,880	68.8	62.1	75.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,400	8,800	9,000	9,400	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,055	4,185	3,870	8.8	9.2	8.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,520	5,360	5,440	5,520	5,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,850	45,610	46,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,070	43,185	43,890	94.8	94.7	94.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,040	57,600	38,680	48,040	57,600	38,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,280	43,215	44,065	95.0	94.7	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,880	48,080	33,800	40,880	48,080	33,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,300	38,815	38,485	84.2	85.1	83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	56,650	35,320	46,000	56,650	35,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,940	32,425	30,515	68.5	71.1	66.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,360	55,250	34,880	45,360	55,250	34,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,000	28,160	34,840	68.6	61.7	75.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,950	10,260	9,700	9,950	10,260	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,185	4,160	4,020	8.9	9.1	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,940	6,480	7,430	6,940	6,480	7,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,850	45,610	46,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,255	14,755	11,495	28.6	32.4	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	69,500	48,800	58,400	69,500	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,600	77,100	53,050	66,600	77,100	53,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,410	11,020	12,390	25.5	24.2	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	33,600	22,200	26,200	33,600	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,920	47,720	29,160	37,920	47,720	29,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.4	80.0	85.0	88.4	80.0
Employment income (%)	68.2	72.0	62.7	68.2	72.0	62.7
Government transfers (%)	15.0	11.6	19.9	15.0	11.6	19.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,900	...	...	81,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,600	...	...	48,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,160	...	...	42,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,800	...	...	114,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	620	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,270	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,190	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,715	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,705	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,970	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,905	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,850	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,760	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,480	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,075	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,790	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,580	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,450	...	...	37.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,390	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,985	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,670	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,400	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	670	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,295	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,295	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,900	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,005	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,225	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,120	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,090	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,300	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,875	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,470	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,175	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,885	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,030	...	...	29.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,515	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,590	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,930	...	...	10.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,545	10,480	10,070	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	37,600	33,600	35,600	37,600	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,800	31,800	33,200	34,800	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,200	...	...	114,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,200	...	...	98,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,500	...	...	87,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,400	...	...	148,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,600	...	...	125,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,300	...	...	66,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,580	10,400	10,175	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,120	47,680	42,520	45,120	47,680	42,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,400	41,080	37,640	39,400	41,080	37,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,600	53,630	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,970	9,750	9,215	17.6	18.2	17.1
0 to 5 years	5,790	2,980	2,800	5.4	5.6	5.2
18 to 64 years	64,600	32,230	32,370	60.0	60.1	60.0
65 years and over	24,035	11,655	12,385	22.3	21.7	22.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,410	5,920	6,495	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,240	1,185	1,050	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	700	365	330	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,660	3,280	3,385	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,510	1,450	2,060	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.5	11.0	12.0	11.5	11.0	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	11.8	12.2	11.4	11.8	12.2	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	12.1	12.3	11.8	12.1	12.3	11.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.2	10.5	10.3	10.2	10.5
65 years and over (%)	14.6	12.5	16.6	14.6	12.5	16.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	99,150	49,365	49,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,540	9,025	8,510	17.7	18.3	17.1
0 to 5 years	5,420	2,785	2,640	5.5	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	59,490	29,655	29,835	60.0	60.1	59.9
65 years and over	22,120	10,685	11,435	22.3	21.6	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,670	1,945	1,725	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	535	285	250	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	150	80	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,885	1,555	1,335	...	...	...
65 years and over	250	105	140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.9	3.5	3.7	3.9	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.8	3.0	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	5.2	4.5	4.9	5.2	4.5
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,605	53,635	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	55,095	26,755	28,345	51.2	49.9	52.5
In bottom decile	12,035	5,950	6,085	11.2	11.1	11.3
In second decile	11,175	5,210	5,970	10.4	9.7	11.1
In third decile	10,970	5,300	5,670	10.2	9.9	10.5
In fourth decile	10,495	5,100	5,400	9.8	9.5	10.0
In fifth decile	10,430	5,200	5,225	9.7	9.7	9.7
In top half of the distribution	52,505	26,885	25,625	48.8	50.1	47.5
In sixth decile	10,550	5,290	5,260	9.8	9.9	9.7
In seventh decile	10,895	5,495	5,400	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	10,795	5,525	5,270	10.0	10.3	9.8
In ninth decile	11,265	5,835	5,435	10.5	10.9	10.1
In top decile	8,995	4,735	4,260	8.4	8.8	7.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,605	...	...	107,605	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.440	...	...	0.440	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	109,580	54,660	54,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	104,250	52,235	52,010	95.1	95.6	94.7
French only	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,880	2,225	2,655	4.5	4.1	4.8
Neither English nor French	435	190	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	109,580	54,660	54,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	108,120	53,925	54,195	98.7	98.7	98.7
French	960	510	450	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	405	170	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	109,580	54,660	54,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,810	53,810	53,995	98.4	98.4	98.3
Official languages	98,600	49,310	49,290	90.0	90.2	89.7
English	97,505	48,740	48,770	89.0	89.2	88.8
French	1,095	575	520	1.0	1.1	0.9
Non-official languages	9,205	4,500	4,705	8.4	8.2	8.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	405	215	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,800	4,285	4,515	8.0	7.8	8.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	555	195	365	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	440	150	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	150	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,290	3,180	3,105	5.7	5.8	5.7
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	820	385	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	815	385	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	200	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,620	770	850	1.5	1.4	1.5
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,095	525	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
German	1,020	480	545	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	390	195	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	290	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,495	1,360	1,130	2.3	2.5	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,405	1,315	1,090	2.2	2.4	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	140	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	290	185	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,735	890	845	1.6	1.6	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,275	605	665	1.2	1.1	1.2
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	625	315	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	370	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	170	55	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	740	345	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	735	340	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	435	190	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,775	850	925	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and French	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,285	620	670	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	109,580	54,660	54,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	100,310	50,170	50,135	91.5	91.8	91.3
French	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,830	915	915	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,775	885	890	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	715	320	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	6,295	3,025	3,265	5.7	5.5	5.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	150	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	109,580	54,660	54,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,295	54,020	54,275	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	104,540	52,125	52,415	95.4	95.4	95.4
English	104,335	52,010	52,325	95.2	95.2	95.3
French	205	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	3,755	1,895	1,860	3.4	3.5	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,680	1,855	1,825	3.4	3.4	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,435	1,235	1,200	2.2	2.3	2.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	265	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,600	865	730	1.5	1.6	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,565	845	715	1.4	1.5	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	190	130	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,180	605	575	1.1	1.1	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	355	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	180	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	455	225	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	455	225	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	280	135	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,280	640	645	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,135	570	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	109,580	54,660	54,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	103,320	51,675	51,640	94.3	94.5	94.0
English	1,605	815	795	1.5	1.5	1.4
French	560	235	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	3,340	1,570	1,770	3.0	2.9	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	3,010	1,405	1,600	2.7	2.6	2.9
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,540	53,705	53,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	107,130	53,505	53,630	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	107,125	53,495	53,630	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	4,900	2,265	2,635	4.6	4.2	4.9
Non-official languages	13,930	6,940	6,985	13.0	12.9	13.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,390	685	705	1.3	1.3	1.3
Algonquian languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	1,125	555	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	415	235	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	375	160	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,560	6,265	6,290	11.7	11.7	11.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	805	300	505	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	705	255	455	0.7	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,230	4,700	4,525	8.6	8.8	8.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	875	405	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	865	405	465	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	335	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,440	1,165	1,275	2.3	2.2	2.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,745	835	920	1.6	1.6	1.7
German	1,660	780	885	1.5	1.5	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	630	300	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dutch	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	170	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,405	1,880	1,520	3.2	3.5	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages	3,290	1,815	1,470	3.1	3.4	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,360	720	645	1.3	1.3	1.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,360	1,305	1,060	2.2	2.4	2.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	260	155	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,645	1,320	1,330	2.5	2.5	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	915	470	450	0.9	0.9	0.8
Portuguese	255	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,425	710	715	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	435	185	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	210	130	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	235	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	865	455	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	855	445	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	600	295	300	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	285	160	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	265	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,540	53,705	53,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	17,525	8,800	8,730	16.3	16.4	16.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	16,865	8,485	8,380	15.7	15.8	15.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,115	6,115	6,005	11.3	11.4	11.2
Métis	4,690	2,345	2,345	4.4	4.4	4.4
Inuk (Inuit)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	365	190	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	295	125	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	90,015	44,905	45,115	83.7	83.6	83.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,540	53,705	53,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	10,350	5,140	5,210	9.6	9.6	9.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	97,195	48,565	48,630	90.4	90.4	90.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,130	...	...	72.7	...	...
Renter	12,000	...	...	25.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	830	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,030	...	...	12.8	...	...
Not condominium	40,930	...	...	87.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	475	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	5,425	...	...	11.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,895	...	...	25.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,655	...	...	31.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,505	...	...	30.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,325	...	...	26.2	...	...
5 rooms	7,295	...	...	15.5	...	...
6 rooms	6,660	...	...	14.2	...	...
7 rooms	5,690	...	...	12.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,990	...	...	31.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,450	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	510	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	45,375	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,585	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,490	...	...	9.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,270	...	...	38.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,385	...	...	11.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,330	...	...	15.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,280	...	...	4.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,630	...	...	7.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,615	...	...	5.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,970	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,575	...	...	92.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,380	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,845	...	...	50.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,570	...	...	43.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,545	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,420	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,740	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,875	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,455	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,065	...	...	21.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,115	...	...	19.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,850	...	...	10.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,440	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,065	...	...	81.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,875	...	...	18.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,140	...	...	16.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,830	...	...	25.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,085	...	...	15.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,190	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,580	...	...	5.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	585	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,125	...	...	74.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,625	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not in core need	37,580	...	...	89.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,445	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.2	...	...	56.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,251	...	...	1,251	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	506,000	...	...	506,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,580	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.7	...	...	12.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.3	...	...	36.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.9	...	...	24.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,160	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	825	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	428	...	...	428	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,540	53,705	53,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,245	4,155	4,095	7.7	7.7	7.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,135	4,090	4,050	7.6	7.6	7.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,235	3,605	3,625	6.7	6.7	6.7
Métis single ancestry	885	470	415	0.8	0.9	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	9,860	4,960	4,900	9.2	9.2	9.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,485	4,785	4,705	8.8	8.9	8.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,540	3,375	3,170	6.1	6.3	5.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,880	1,365	1,510	2.7	2.5	2.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	370	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	345	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	89,435	44,590	44,840	83.2	83.0	83.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,540	53,705	53,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	102,410	51,100	51,315	95.2	95.1	95.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,600	9,670	8,935	17.3	18.0	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,805	41,435	42,375	77.9	77.2	78.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,135	2,605	2,525	4.8	4.9	4.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,540	53,705	53,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	95,070	47,420	47,650	88.4	88.3	88.5
Immigrants⁸¹	10,170	5,035	5,135	9.5	9.4	9.5
Before 1980	4,270	2,170	2,100	4.0	4.0	3.9
1980 to 1990	1,125	545	585	1.0	1.0	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,065	520	540	1.0	1.0	1.0
2001 to 2010	1,460	680	780	1.4	1.3	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,245	1,115	1,130	2.1	2.1	2.1
2011 to 2015	970	480	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
2016 to 2021	1,275	635	635	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,300	1,250	1,055	2.1	2.3	2.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,170	5,035	5,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,310	715	600	12.9	14.2	11.7
5 to 14 years	1,860	1,050	805	18.3	20.9	15.7
15 to 24 years	2,330	1,095	1,240	22.9	21.7	24.1
25 to 44 years	3,925	1,835	2,085	38.6	36.4	40.6
45 years and over	755	345	405	7.4	6.9	7.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,170	5,035	5,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,535	725	815	15.1	14.4	15.9
Brazil	45	10	35	0.4	0.2	0.7
Colombia	45	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	25	25	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Mexico	110	60	55	1.1	1.2	1.1
Peru	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United States of America	1,135	510	620	11.2	10.1	12.1
Other places of birth in Americas	120	70	50	1.2	1.4	1.0
Europe	4,610	2,355	2,250	45.3	46.8	43.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Croatia	80	50	30	0.8	1.0	0.6
France	65	35	25	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	645	325	320	6.3	6.5	6.2
Greece	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	65	45	20	0.6	0.9	0.4
Italy	460	225	235	4.5	4.5	4.6
Netherlands	300	150	145	2.9	3.0	2.8
Poland	145	90	45	1.4	1.8	0.9
Portugal	80	45	35	0.8	0.9	0.7
Romania	100	55	40	1.0	1.1	0.8
Russian Federation	65	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	55	25	35	0.5	0.5	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,825	875	945	17.9	17.4	18.4
Other places of birth in Europe	665	365	295	6.5	7.2	5.7
Africa	495	300	195	4.9	6.0	3.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	65	35	20	0.6	0.7	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	245	145	95	2.4	2.9	1.9
Other places of birth in Africa	180	100	75	1.8	2.0	1.5
Asia	3,245	1,510	1,735	31.9	30.0	33.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	275	140	135	2.7	2.8	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	95	55	40	0.9	1.1	0.8
Taiwan	45	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Philippines	725	270	450	7.1	5.4	8.8
Viet Nam	85	40	45	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bangladesh	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	1,325	665	660	13.0	13.2	12.9
Pakistan	135	65	70	1.3	1.3	1.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	350	125	225	3.4	2.5	4.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	285	150	135	2.8	3.0	2.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,275	635	640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	130	60	70	10.2	9.4	10.9
Brazil	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	25	10	2.7	3.9	1.6
United States of America	60	25	40	4.7	3.9	6.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Europe	180	75	105	14.1	11.8	16.4
France	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Germany	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	30	60	7.1	4.7	9.4
Other places of birth in Europe	50	25	30	3.9	3.9	4.7
Africa	170	100	70	13.3	15.7	10.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	15	10	2.0	2.4	1.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	35	30	5.9	5.5	4.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	40	30	5.1	6.3	4.7
Asia	720	350	370	56.5	55.1	57.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	25	10	3.5	3.9	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	265	145	115	20.8	22.8	18.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	10	2.0	2.4	1.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	20	10	2.0	3.1	1.6
Philippines	230	85	145	18.0	13.4	22.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	20	10	2.0	3.1	1.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	0	40	3.5	0.0	6.3
Oceania and other⁹³	75	50	25	5.9	7.9	3.9
Australia	50	35	20	3.9	5.5	3.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	15	0	2.0	2.4	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,540	53,700	53,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,400	6,735	6,665	12.5	12.5	12.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,805	8,265	8,540	15.6	15.4	15.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	77,335	38,705	38,635	71.9	72.1	71.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,900	2,865	3,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,130	1,665	1,460	53.1	58.1	48.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,475	890	580	25.0	31.1	19.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,655	775	875	28.1	27.1	28.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,345	930	1,415	39.7	32.5	46.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	375	230	145	6.4	8.0	4.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	40	15	0.8	1.4	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,900	2,865	3,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	40	25	1.1	1.4	0.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,200	575	630	20.3	20.1	20.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	195	95	105	3.3	3.3	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	485	225	255	8.2	7.9	8.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	20	35	0.9	0.7	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,895	1,905	1,990	66.0	66.5	65.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,540	53,705	53,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,415	4,695	4,720	8.8	8.7	8.8
South Asian	4,115	2,205	1,915	3.8	4.1	3.6
Chinese	1,125	590	530	1.0	1.1	1.0
Black	905	425	480	0.8	0.8	0.9
Filipino	1,040	405	635	1.0	0.8	1.2
Arab	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	390	185	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	215	140	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Japanese	780	350	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	98,125	49,010	49,115	91.2	91.3	91.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,540	53,705	53,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,815	7,130	6,685	12.8	13.3	12.4
English	29,525	14,185	15,345	27.5	26.4	28.5
Irish	18,560	8,810	9,750	17.3	16.4	18.1
Scottish	23,370	11,180	12,195	21.7	20.8	22.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,010	4,825	5,185	9.3	9.0	9.6
German	17,040	8,565	8,480	15.8	15.9	15.8
Chinese	1,285	640	650	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italian	4,970	2,500	2,465	4.6	4.7	4.6
Indian (India)	2,495	1,330	1,165	2.3	2.5	2.2
Ukrainian	6,850	3,360	3,485	6.4	6.3	6.5
Dutch	5,205	2,630	2,570	4.8	4.9	4.8
Polish	3,405	1,595	1,810	3.2	3.0	3.4
Québécois	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,025	2,090	1,935	3.7	3.9	3.6
Filipino	1,085	420	670	1.0	0.8	1.2
French Canadian	1,240	645	590	1.2	1.2	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,315	1,200	1,115	2.2	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	7,115	3,525	3,590	6.6	6.6	6.7
Métis	4,240	2,075	2,165	3.9	3.9	4.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,610	1,240	1,370	2.4	2.3	2.5
Russian	2,950	1,385	1,565	2.7	2.6	2.9
Norwegian	4,415	2,080	2,335	4.1	3.9	4.3
Welsh	2,680	1,250	1,425	2.5	2.3	2.6
Portuguese	540	250	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	2,065	1,050	1,020	1.9	2.0	1.9
Spanish	705	280	420	0.7	0.5	0.8
Swedish	3,580	1,715	1,860	3.3	3.2	3.5
Hungarian	1,460	750	710	1.4	1.4	1.3
Acadian	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	380	140	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jewish	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	510	250	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vietnamese	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,225	655	570	1.1	1.2	1.1
Korean	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	705	350	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lebanese	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,525	775	750	1.4	1.4	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,100	585	510	1.0	1.1	0.9
Sikh	650	360	290	0.6	0.7	0.5
Austrian	1,395	720	670	1.3	1.3	1.2
Belgian	495	230	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	490	270	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mennonite	340	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	920	465	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Finnish	1,040	480	565	1.0	0.9	1.0
Sri Lankan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	390	215	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japanese	955	430	520	0.9	0.8	1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	990	475	515	0.9	0.9	1.0
Muslim	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	670	345	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	455	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Syrian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	275	155	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Newfoundlander	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	260	145	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	280	130	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	130	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	220	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	305	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	170	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	700	340	355	0.7	0.6	0.7
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,540	53,705	53,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	455	175	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	35,730	16,215	19,515	33.2	30.2	36.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,230	3,890	4,345	7.7	7.2	8.1
Anabaptist	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	3,780	1,580	2,195	3.5	2.9	4.1
Baptist	1,225	535	690	1.1	1.0	1.3
Catholic	11,455	5,540	5,915	10.7	10.3	11.0
Christian Orthodox	415	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	970	465	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Latter Day Saints	385	145	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	1,385	570	810	1.3	1.1	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	960	475	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
Presbyterian	480	175	305	0.4	0.3	0.6
Reformed	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,965	1,550	2,415	3.7	2.9	4.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,165	955	1,210	2.0	1.8	2.2
Hindu	880	465	410	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jewish	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	710	390	325	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sikh	2,075	1,150	925	1.9	2.1	1.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,000	490	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,265	500	760	1.2	0.9	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	65,315	34,265	31,050	60.7	63.8	57.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,650	53,275	53,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	92,205	46,215	45,995	86.5	86.7	86.2
Movers	14,445	7,060	7,380	13.5	13.3	13.8
Non-migrants	8,450	4,030	4,420	7.9	7.6	8.3
Migrants	5,995	3,030	2,965	5.6	5.7	5.6
Internal migrants	5,370	2,740	2,635	5.0	5.1	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	4,160	2,145	2,020	3.9	4.0	3.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,205	590	615	1.1	1.1	1.2
External migrants	625	295	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,845	51,270	51,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	56,310	28,210	28,105	54.8	55.0	54.5
Movers	46,530	23,060	23,475	45.2	45.0	45.5
Non-migrants	18,945	9,260	9,685	18.4	18.1	18.8
Migrants	27,590	13,800	13,790	26.8	26.9	26.7
Internal migrants	24,585	12,285	12,300	23.9	24.0	23.8
Intraprovincial migrants	20,035	9,990	10,045	19.5	19.5	19.5
Interprovincial migrants	4,545	2,295	2,255	4.4	4.5	4.4
External migrants	3,005	1,510	1,490	2.9	2.9	2.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,850	45,610	46,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,915	10,125	7,795	19.5	22.2	16.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	73,935	35,485	38,450	80.5	77.8	83.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,580	28,095	28,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,040	4,160	2,880	12.4	14.8	10.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,540	23,935	25,610	87.6	85.2	89.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,850	45,610	46,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,120	8,280	6,840	16.5	18.2	14.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,245	15,370	15,875	34.0	33.7	34.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,485	21,965	23,525	49.5	48.2	50.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,070	15,870	15,200	33.8	34.8	32.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,290	8,095	2,195	11.2	17.7	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,885	2,320	1,570	4.2	5.1	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,405	5,775	625	7.0	12.7	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,665	6,230	10,435	18.1	13.7	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,115	1,545	2,565	4.5	3.4	5.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,420	6,095	8,325	15.7	13.4	18.0
Bachelor's degree	9,535	3,980	5,560	10.4	8.7	12.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,230	485	745	1.3	1.1	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	435	270	165	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	2,845	1,165	1,675	3.1	2.6	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	375	200	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,580	28,095	28,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,695	3,335	2,365	10.1	11.9	8.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,400	9,505	8,895	32.5	33.8	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,480	15,255	17,225	57.4	54.3	60.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,405	10,825	10,580	37.8	38.5	37.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,820	5,360	1,460	12.1	19.1	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,695	1,615	1,080	4.8	5.7	3.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,125	3,750	380	7.3	13.3	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,575	4,290	7,290	20.5	15.3	25.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,000	1,180	1,825	5.3	4.2	6.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,080	4,435	6,645	19.6	15.8	23.3
Bachelor's degree	7,440	2,985	4,450	13.1	10.6	15.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	915	340	575	1.6	1.2	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	180	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	2,160	820	1,340	3.8	2.9	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	110	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,850	45,610	46,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,360	23,645	22,720	50.5	51.8	49.1
Education	3,640	955	2,685	4.0	2.1	5.8
13. Education	3,640	955	2,685	4.0	2.1	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	950	475	480	1.0	1.0	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	85	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	855	390	465	0.9	0.9	1.0
Humanities	1,590	635	960	1.7	1.4	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	425	130	300	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	510	165	340	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	130	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,610	1,080	2,530	3.9	2.4	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	920	50	865	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	625	145	480	0.7	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	565	140	425	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	1,090	575	510	1.2	1.3	1.1
Business, management and public administration	8,865	2,985	5,875	9.7	6.5	12.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,235	190	1,045	1.3	0.4	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,615	2,795	4,825	8.3	6.1	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,370	755	615	1.5	1.7	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	555	280	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	305	225	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,050	610	445	1.1	1.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	880	575	305	1.0	1.3	0.7
25. Library science	85	0	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,925	10,260	665	11.9	22.5	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	115	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,065	920	145	1.2	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,850	1,620	225	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,150	3,030	120	3.4	6.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,250	3,170	80	3.5	7.0	0.2
48. Precision production	1,500	1,445	50	1.6	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,150	1,280	870	2.3	2.8	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	805	355	445	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,350	925	425	1.5	2.0	0.9
Health and related fields	7,930	1,150	6,780	8.6	2.5	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	175	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,480	900	6,580	8.1	2.0	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,390	1,785	1,605	3.7	3.9	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,940	545	1,395	2.1	1.2	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	500	350	150	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	950	890	65	1.0	2.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,580	28,090	28,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,100	12,835	11,260	42.6	45.7	39.5
Education	2,275	470	1,800	4.0	1.7	6.3
13. Education	2,275	470	1,800	4.0	1.7	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	755	350	400	1.3	1.2	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	720	320	400	1.3	1.1	1.4
Humanities	1,200	470	730	2.1	1.7	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	320	95	230	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	110	235	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	190	100	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,780	785	1,990	4.9	2.8	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	95	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	760	55	705	1.3	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	505	95	410	0.9	0.3	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	390	80	310	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	825	440	390	1.5	1.6	1.4
Business, management and public administration	6,410	2,220	4,190	11.3	7.9	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	895	135	765	1.6	0.5	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,510	2,085	3,420	9.7	7.4	12.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	985	540	445	1.7	1.9	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	195	210	0.7	0.7	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	135	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	230	170	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	860	540	325	1.5	1.9	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	750	510	240	1.3	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,330	6,815	515	13.0	24.3	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	90	60	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	780	685	100	1.4	2.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,295	1,110	180	2.3	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,140	2,050	90	3.8	7.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,040	1,975	65	3.6	7.0	0.2
48. Precision production	990	935	50	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,665	900	755	2.9	3.2	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	630	250	385	1.1	0.9	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,035	655	380	1.8	2.3	1.3
Health and related fields	5,780	870	4,910	10.2	3.1	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	130	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,420	680	4,740	9.6	2.4	16.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,435	1,295	1,145	4.3	4.6	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,395	420	970	2.5	1.5	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	340	230	110	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	695	640	55	1.2	2.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,580	28,090	28,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,100	12,835	11,260	42.6	45.7	39.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,480	15,260	17,225	57.4	54.3	60.5
Location of study inside Canada	29,300	13,635	15,670	51.8	48.5	55.0
Same as province or territory of residence	24,200	11,185	13,015	42.8	39.8	45.7
Different than province or territory of residence	5,095	2,450	2,645	9.0	8.7	9.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,180	1,620	1,555	5.6	5.8	5.5
Americas	725	330	390	1.3	1.2	1.4
United States of America	590	285	305	1.0	1.0	1.1
Mexico	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	760	410	350	1.3	1.5	1.2
Belgium	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	355	195	160	0.6	0.7	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	215	120	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,300	650	650	2.3	2.3	2.3
Iran⁸⁸	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	245	75	175	0.4	0.3	0.6
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	645	405	240	1.1	1.4	0.8
Pakistan	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oceania	175	105	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Australia	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,850	45,610	46,240	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,835	28,390	25,445	...	...	...
Employed	49,250	25,875	23,380	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,585	2,520	2,065	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,010	17,220	20,795	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.6	62.2	55.0	58.6	62.2	55.0
Employment rate	53.6	56.7	50.6	53.6	56.7	50.6
Unemployment rate	8.5	8.9	8.1	8.5	8.9	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,850	45,610	46,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,870	17,535	20,340	41.2	38.4	44.0
Worked	53,975	28,075	25,905	58.8	61.6	56.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,315	15,440	11,870	29.7	33.9	25.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,665	12,640	14,030	29.0	27.7	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.4	40.2	40.8	41.4	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,840	28,395	25,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,150	635	515	2.1	2.2	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,690	27,760	24,930	97.9	97.8	98.0
Employee	45,130	23,340	21,785	83.8	82.2	85.6
Permanent position	37,635	19,785	17,845	69.9	69.7	70.1
Temporary position	7,490	3,555	3,940	13.9	12.5	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,785	755	1,030	3.3	2.7	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,705	2,800	2,910	10.6	9.9	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,560	4,415	3,140	14.0	15.5	12.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,840	28,395	25,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,150	635	515	2.1	2.2	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,690	27,760	24,930	97.9	97.8	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	365	225	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,190	1,645	5,545	13.4	5.8	21.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,690	2,040	650	5.0	7.2	2.6
3 Health occupations	4,500	765	3,735	8.4	2.7	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,200	2,045	4,155	11.5	7.2	16.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,165	495	670	2.2	1.7	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	14,055	5,885	8,175	26.1	20.7	32.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,930	10,915	1,020	22.2	38.4	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,810	2,250	560	5.2	7.9	2.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,765	1,485	280	3.3	5.2	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,840	28,395	25,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,150	635	515	2.1	2.2	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	52,690	27,760	24,930	97.9	97.8	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,880	1,365	520	3.5	4.8	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,990	1,750	240	3.7	6.2	0.9
22 Utilities	345	270	75	0.6	1.0	0.3
23 Construction	5,255	4,500	760	9.8	15.8	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	2,635	2,105	530	4.9	7.4	2.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,220	895	320	2.3	3.2	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,610	3,200	3,410	12.3	11.3	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,175	2,585	590	5.9	9.1	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	510	265	250	0.9	0.9	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,020	290	735	1.9	1.0	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	665	310	355	1.2	1.1	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,920	1,440	1,480	5.4	5.1	5.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,245	1,290	950	4.2	4.5	3.7
61 Educational services	3,490	1,085	2,410	6.5	3.8	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,505	1,190	6,315	13.9	4.2	24.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,295	685	610	2.4	2.4	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	4,150	1,660	2,495	7.7	5.8	9.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,210	1,115	1,090	4.1	3.9	4.3
91 Public administration	3,495	1,715	1,780	6.5	6.0	7.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,535	30,490	28,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,625	30,060	27,565	98.4	98.6	98.3
French	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	120	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	120	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	195	70	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	540	260	285	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,535	30,490	28,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,440	30,435	28,000	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	58,230	30,320	27,910	99.5	99.4	99.5
English	58,150	30,280	27,865	99.3	99.3	99.4
French	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	210	115	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	115	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	95	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,535	30,490	28,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,885	30,205	27,675	98.9	99.1	98.7
English	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	130	50	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	330	140	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous	260	130	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,255	25,875	23,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,540	2,830	3,705	13.3	10.9	15.8
Worked outside Canada	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,495	6,485	2,010	17.2	25.1	8.6
Usual place of work	34,170	16,520	17,645	69.4	63.8	75.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,170	16,525	17,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,775	10,980	13,790	72.5	66.4	78.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,095	4,630	3,460	23.7	28.0	19.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,015	685	330	3.0	4.1	1.9
Commute to a different province or territory	290	225	60	0.8	1.4	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,660	23,005	19,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,140	20,365	16,780	87.1	88.5	85.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,620	19,075	15,550	81.2	82.9	79.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,520	1,290	1,230	5.9	5.6	6.3
Public transit	1,485	620	865	3.5	2.7	4.4
Walked	2,720	1,140	1,580	6.4	5.0	8.0
Bicycle	365	270	100	0.9	1.2	0.5
Other method	955	610	340	2.2	2.7	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,660	23,005	19,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,955	8,995	9,960	44.4	39.1	50.7
15 to 29 minutes	15,305	8,270	7,035	35.9	35.9	35.8
30 to 44 minutes	4,025	2,535	1,485	9.4	11.0	7.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,855	1,220	630	4.3	5.3	3.2
60 minutes and over	2,520	1,975	545	5.9	8.6	2.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,660	23,005	19,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,510	2,735	775	8.2	11.9	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,730	5,190	2,535	18.1	22.6	12.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,310	5,785	5,530	26.5	25.1	28.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,720	3,455	5,265	20.4	15.0	26.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,790	2,005	2,785	11.2	8.7	14.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,605	3,840	2,770	15.5	16.7	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,340	9,960	9,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,150	575	580	5.9	5.8	6.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,190	9,385	8,800	94.1	94.2	93.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,265	7,335	6,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	890	440	445	6.2	6.0	6.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	510	240	265	3.6	3.3	3.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	380	195	180	2.7	2.7	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,375	6,900	6,480	93.8	94.1	93.5

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 27, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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