Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Surrey NewtonMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	119,560	59,775	59,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,410	10,520	9,890	17.1	17.6	16.5
0 to 4 years	6,095	3,085	3,010	5.1	5.2	5.0
5 to 9 years	6,895	3,565	3,330	5.8	6.0	5.6
10 to 14 years	7,420	3,870	3,550	6.2	6.5	5.9
15 to 64 years	83,050	41,815	41,230	69.5	70.0	69.0
15 to 19 years	7,780	4,040	3,740	6.5	6.8	6.3
20 to 24 years	11,955	6,220	5,735	10.0	10.4	9.6
25 to 29 years	9,730	5,095	4,635	8.1	8.5	7.8
30 to 34 years	8,915	4,490	4,420	7.5	7.5	7.4
35 to 39 years	9,050	4,410	4,640	7.6	7.4	7.8
40 to 44 years	8,490	4,125	4,365	7.1	6.9	7.3
45 to 49 years	7,550	3,680	3,870	6.3	6.2	6.5
50 to 54 years	6,995	3,475	3,520	5.9	5.8	5.9
55 to 59 years	6,595	3,335	3,265	5.5	5.6	5.5
60 to 64 years	5,995	2,950	3,045	5.0	4.9	5.1
65 years and over	16,105	7,440	8,665	13.5	12.4	14.5
65 to 69 years	5,305	2,495	2,810	4.4	4.2	4.7
70 to 74 years	4,325	2,040	2,290	3.6	3.4	3.8
75 to 79 years	2,915	1,360	1,555	2.4	2.3	2.6
80 to 84 years	1,930	830	1,100	1.6	1.4	1.8
85 years and over	1,630	720	905	1.4	1.2	1.5
85 to 89 years	1,020	495	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
90 to 94 years	490	200	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	105	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.1	17.6	16.5	17.1	17.6	16.5
15 to 64 years	69.5	70.0	69.0	69.5	70.0	69.0
65 years and over	13.5	12.4	14.5	13.5	12.4	14.5
85 years and over	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Average age of the population	37.6	36.9	38.4	37.6	36.9	38.4
Median age of the population	35.6	34.4	36.4	35.6	34.4	36.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	34,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,390	...	...	21.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	430	...	...	1.2	...	...
Row house	6,440	...	...	18.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,215	...	...	29.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,300	...	...	26.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	680	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	34,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,495	...	...	15.9	...	...
2 persons	7,605	...	...	22.0	...	...
3 persons	6,125	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	6,860	...	...	19.8	...	...
5 or more persons	8,520	...	...	24.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	118,480	59,100	59,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,150	49,255	49,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	56,775	28,410	28,365	57.3	57.7	56.8
Married	53,975	27,015	26,965	54.4	54.8	54.0
Living common-law	2,800	1,390	1,405	2.8	2.8	2.8
Living common law - Never married	1,885	945	935	1.9	1.9	1.9
Living common law - Separated	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	650	315	335	0.7	0.6	0.7
Living common law - Widowed	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	42,375	20,850	21,530	42.7	42.3	43.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,275	17,400	13,880	31.5	35.3	27.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,105	900	1,200	2.1	1.8	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,060	1,550	2,505	4.1	3.1	5.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,935	995	3,940	5.0	2.0	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,805	...	...	37.8	...	...
3 persons	7,400	...	...	23.7	...	...
4 persons	8,550	...	...	27.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,505	...	...	11.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,540	...	...	84.9	...	...
Married couples	25,145	...	...	80.4	...	...
With children⁶	16,875	...	...	54.0	...	...
Without children	8,270	...	...	26.5	...	...
Common-law couples	1,400	...	...	4.5	...	...
With children⁶	590	...	...	1.9	...	...
Without children	810	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,720	...	...	15.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,805	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	915	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	118,480	59,100	59,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	98,690	49,275	49,415	83.3	83.4	83.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,085	26,540	26,545	44.8	44.9	44.7
Parents in one-parent families	4,720	915	3,805	4.0	1.5	6.4
Children⁶	40,885	21,820	19,065	34.5	36.9	32.1
In a two-parent family	33,380	17,760	15,620	28.2	30.1	26.3
In a one-parent family	7,510	4,065	3,445	6.3	6.9	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,790	9,825	9,970	16.7	16.6	16.8
Living alone	5,495	2,665	2,830	4.6	4.5	4.8
Living with other relatives⁷	6,950	2,765	4,185	5.9	4.7	7.0
Living with non-relatives only	7,345	4,395	2,955	6.2	7.4	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	34,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,265	...	...	52.8	...	...
Couple-family households	15,415	...	...	44.5	...	...
With children⁶	10,740	...	...	31.0	...	...
Without children	4,675	...	...	13.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,855	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5,155	...	...	14.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	875	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,265	...	...	6.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,555	...	...	7.4	...	...
One-person households	5,495	...	...	15.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	98,130	48,605	49,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,830	46,490	47,340	95.6	95.6	95.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,400	31,000	34,400	38,400	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,875	46,510	47,360	95.7	95.7	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	29,400	32,000	35,600	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,320	40,785	38,540	80.8	83.9	77.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	36,400	24,000	29,800	36,400	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,350	36,650	33,695	71.7	75.4	68.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,400	26,600	32,000	38,400	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,065	39,555	43,510	84.6	81.4	87.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	6,200	10,100	8,300	6,200	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,665	3,650	6,020	9.8	7.5	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,520	5,480	5,320	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,585	16,585	17,000	34.2	34.1	34.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,890	48,475	49,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,450	46,340	47,115	95.5	95.6	95.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,960	46,120	35,920	40,960	46,120	35,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,495	46,355	47,140	95.5	95.6	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	39,880	32,560	36,200	39,880	32,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,030	40,745	38,280	80.7	84.1	77.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,480	43,480	31,120	37,480	43,480	31,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,210	36,660	33,545	71.7	75.6	67.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,600	44,200	32,520	38,600	44,200	32,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,735	39,510	43,225	84.5	81.5	87.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,470	9,250	11,580	10,470	9,250	11,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,545	3,575	5,965	9.8	7.4	12.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,410	5,700	6,840	6,410	5,700	6,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,140	16,570	16,570	33.9	34.2	33.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,660	8,630	8,700	8,660	8,630	8,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,890	48,475	49,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,575	16,695	11,885	29.2	34.4	24.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	57,600	48,800	53,200	57,600	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,500	62,800	52,450	58,500	62,800	52,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,880	14,465	15,415	30.5	29.8	31.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	22,800	17,200	19,600	22,800	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,320	30,440	22,440	26,320	30,440	22,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	82.8	70.4	77.4	82.8	70.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.8	75.8	64.4	70.8	75.8	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	17.1	29.6	22.6	17.1	29.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.0	2.4	1.6	1.0	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.4	8.1	10.9	9.4	8.1	10.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.5	6.7	8.5	7.5	6.7	8.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	98,130	48,605	49,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,300	2,115	2,185	4.4	4.4	4.4
With total income	93,830	46,490	47,340	95.6	95.6	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,400	4,545	5,860	11.1	9.8	12.4
$10,000 to $19,999	13,690	5,990	7,705	14.6	12.9	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	16,935	7,505	9,425	18.0	16.1	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	13,345	6,010	7,335	14.2	12.9	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,215	5,400	5,810	11.9	11.6	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,825	4,585	4,240	9.4	9.9	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,175	3,535	2,640	6.6	7.6	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,230	2,745	1,485	4.5	5.9	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,835	1,875	960	3.0	4.0	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,945	1,275	665	2.1	2.8	1.4
$100,000 and over	4,230	3,020	1,210	4.5	6.5	2.6
$100,000 to $149,999	3,390	2,360	1,030	3.6	5.1	2.2
$150,000 and over	845	660	180	0.9	1.4	0.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	98,130	48,605	49,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,255	2,095	2,165	4.3	4.3	4.4
With after-tax income	93,875	46,510	47,360	95.7	95.7	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,555	4,610	5,940	11.2	9.9	12.5
$10,000 to $19,999	14,030	6,170	7,855	14.9	13.3	16.6
$20,000 to $29,999	19,015	8,495	10,520	20.3	18.3	22.2
$30,000 to $39,999	15,435	7,125	8,310	16.4	15.3	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	12,650	6,400	6,255	13.5	13.7	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,805	4,900	3,900	9.4	10.5	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,320	3,345	1,975	5.7	7.2	4.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,140	2,080	1,060	3.3	4.5	2.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,095	1,350	740	2.2	2.9	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,095	735	365	1.2	1.6	0.8
$100,000 and over	1,740	1,295	445	1.8	2.8	0.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,100	800	300	1.2	1.7	0.6
$125,000 and over	635	495	140	0.7	1.1	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	98,130	48,605	49,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,780	11,955	15,830	28.3	24.6	32.0
With employment income	70,350	36,650	33,695	71.7	75.4	68.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,310	3,855	4,455	11.8	10.5	13.2
$5,000 to $9,999	6,450	2,850	3,605	9.2	7.8	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	10,490	4,610	5,880	14.9	12.6	17.5
$20,000 to $29,999	8,220	3,825	4,390	11.7	10.5	13.0
$30,000 to $39,999	8,140	3,810	4,330	11.6	10.4	12.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,375	3,915	3,465	10.5	10.7	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,290	3,545	2,750	8.9	9.7	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,680	3,000	1,680	6.6	8.2	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,345	2,285	1,060	4.8	6.2	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,190	1,510	675	3.1	4.1	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,590	1,045	545	2.3	2.9	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,265	2,400	865	4.6	6.6	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,930	1,345	585	2.7	3.7	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,340	1,060	280	1.9	2.9	0.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	98,130	48,605	49,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,755	44,325	45,425	91.5	91.2	91.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	35,200	25,600	30,000	35,200	25,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,890	44,360	45,525	91.6	91.3	91.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,800	32,400	24,400	27,800	32,400	24,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,690	39,880	37,810	79.2	82.0	76.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	36,400	25,000	30,200	36,400	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,925	36,360	33,565	71.3	74.8	67.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	37,600	26,600	31,400	37,600	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,980	28,720	37,260	67.2	59.1	75.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,820	1,070	5,040	2,820	1,070	5,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,810	2,315	4,500	6.9	4.8	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	4,880	5,440	5,240	4,880	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,890	48,475	49,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,540	44,320	45,225	91.5	91.4	91.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,080	42,640	31,640	37,080	42,640	31,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,700	44,355	45,345	91.6	91.5	91.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,480	36,640	28,360	32,480	36,640	28,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,410	39,885	37,525	79.1	82.3	75.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,040	43,120	30,560	37,040	43,120	30,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,690	36,430	33,260	71.2	75.2	67.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,720	43,280	31,600	37,720	43,280	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,810	28,645	37,160	67.2	59.1	75.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,890	5,885	7,670	6,890	5,885	7,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,785	2,295	4,490	6.9	4.7	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,830	5,905	7,300	6,830	5,905	7,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,890	48,475	49,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,195	16,425	11,770	28.8	33.9	23.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,800	53,200	43,600	48,800	53,200	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,550	58,350	46,880	53,550	58,350	46,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,640	13,485	14,155	28.2	27.8	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	26,800	21,000	23,600	26,800	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,640	34,480	25,020	29,640	34,480	25,020
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4	91.0	80.0	86.4	91.0	80.0
Employment income (%)	79.2	83.4	73.4	79.2	83.4	73.4
Government transfers (%)	13.7	8.9	19.9	13.7	8.9	19.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.7	2.3	1.4	0.7	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	34,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	34,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	97,800	...	...	97,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,600	...	...	40,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	122,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,700	...	...	108,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	34,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	450	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	935	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	750	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	830	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,105	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	985	...	...	2.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	990	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,245	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,310	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,305	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,195	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,195	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,760	...	...	48.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,835	...	...	14.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,730	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,650	...	...	13.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,545	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	34,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	465	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	975	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	840	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	970	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,185	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,170	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,200	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,610	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,700	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,535	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,665	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,385	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,320	...	...	41.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,965	...	...	14.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,585	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,770	...	...	16.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,840	7,060	5,785	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	31,200	29,200	30,000	31,200	29,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,000	29,600	28,200	29,000	29,600	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...	107,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...	89,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,800	...	...	77,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,300	...	...	123,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...	88,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,990	7,210	5,775	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	37,920	34,560	36,400	37,920	34,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,720	33,800	31,360	32,720	33,800	31,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	118,480	59,100	59,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,680	12,735	11,935	20.8	21.5	20.1
0 to 5 years	7,435	3,790	3,645	6.3	6.4	6.1
18 to 64 years	78,095	39,080	39,015	65.9	66.1	65.7
65 years and over	15,710	7,280	8,430	13.3	12.3	14.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,780	4,765	5,015	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,600	1,365	1,240	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	775	390	380	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,490	2,705	2,780	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,690	695	995	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.3	8.1	8.5	8.3	8.1	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	10.5	10.7	10.4	10.5	10.7	10.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.4	10.3	10.5	10.4	10.3	10.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.9	7.1	7.0	6.9	7.1
65 years and over (%)	10.8	9.6	11.8	10.8	9.6	11.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	118,480	59,100	59,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,680	12,735	11,935	20.8	21.5	20.1
0 to 5 years	7,435	3,790	3,645	6.3	6.4	6.1
18 to 64 years	78,095	39,080	39,015	65.9	66.1	65.7
65 years and over	15,710	7,280	8,430	13.3	12.3	14.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,460	3,930	3,530	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,255	655	595	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	360	175	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,605	3,015	2,595	...	...	...
65 years and over	605	260	345	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.3	6.7	6.0	6.3	6.7	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.7	6.7	7.2	7.7	6.7
65 years and over (%)	3.8	3.6	4.1	3.8	3.6	4.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	118,480	59,100	59,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,225	29,290	29,935	50.0	49.6	50.4
In bottom decile	10,885	5,545	5,345	9.2	9.4	9.0
In second decile	10,580	5,080	5,495	8.9	8.6	9.3
In third decile	11,630	5,685	5,945	9.8	9.6	10.0
In fourth decile	12,440	6,190	6,250	10.5	10.5	10.5
In fifth decile	13,690	6,795	6,905	11.6	11.5	11.6
In top half of the distribution	59,255	29,805	29,445	50.0	50.4	49.6
In sixth decile	13,795	6,895	6,895	11.6	11.7	11.6
In seventh decile	13,655	6,810	6,835	11.5	11.5	11.5
In eighth decile	12,935	6,495	6,440	10.9	11.0	10.8
In ninth decile	11,960	6,060	5,900	10.1	10.3	9.9
In top decile	6,915	3,545	3,370	5.8	6.0	5.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	118,480	...	...	118,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.366	...	...	0.366	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	...	...	0.241	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	118,905	59,290	59,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	103,645	52,660	50,990	87.2	88.8	85.5
French only	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	3,170	1,490	1,680	2.7	2.5	2.8
Neither English nor French	12,040	5,115	6,930	10.1	8.6	11.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	118,905	59,290	59,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	105,940	53,730	52,210	89.1	90.6	87.6
French	475	240	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	620	295	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Neither English nor French	11,875	5,030	6,845	10.0	8.5	11.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	118,905	59,290	59,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,395	54,090	54,305	91.2	91.2	91.1
Official languages	33,695	17,235	16,460	28.3	29.1	27.6
English	33,290	17,035	16,260	28.0	28.7	27.3
French	405	205	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	74,700	36,850	37,850	62.8	62.2	63.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	74,685	36,850	37,840	62.8	62.2	63.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,825	895	930	1.5	1.5	1.6
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	610	295	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	600	295	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,205	590	620	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,000	490	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
Aramaic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	650	295	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	545	255	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,460	1,555	1,910	2.9	2.6	3.2
Bikol	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,775	1,240	1,530	2.3	2.1	2.6
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	730	350	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kannada	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	300	135	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Telugu	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65,085	32,435	32,650	54.7	54.7	54.8
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	605	280	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	605	280	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	365	155	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	62,220	31,055	31,160	52.3	52.4	52.3
Indo-Aryan languages	61,190	30,545	30,645	51.5	51.5	51.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	280	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	735	380	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindi	4,730	2,290	2,435	4.0	3.9	4.1
Kacchi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	52,595	26,335	26,260	44.2	44.4	44.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	2,335	1,155	1,180	2.0	1.9	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,025	515	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian languages	650	315	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Dari	480	225	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,810	895	910	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	150	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,350	660	685	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,985	910	1,075	1.7	1.5	1.8
Chinese languages	1,940	890	1,055	1.6	1.5	1.8
Hakka	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,005	445	560	0.8	0.8	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	755	360	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,505	5,205	5,305	8.8	8.8	8.9
English and French	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	9,470	4,685	4,785	8.0	7.9	8.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	735	365	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	118,905	59,290	59,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	33,495	16,950	16,545	28.2	28.6	27.8
French	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	32,705	16,095	16,605	27.5	27.1	27.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	32,695	16,090	16,600	27.5	27.1	27.8
English and French	320	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	49,225	24,545	24,675	41.4	41.4	41.4
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	730	350	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	2,305	1,120	1,190	1.9	1.9	2.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	118,905	59,290	59,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,375	52,630	52,750	88.6	88.8	88.5
Official languages	48,000	24,145	23,860	40.4	40.7	40.0
English	47,840	24,065	23,780	40.2	40.6	39.9
French	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	57,370	28,480	28,890	48.2	48.0	48.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	57,360	28,485	28,880	48.2	48.0	48.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,205	550	650	1.0	0.9	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	375	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	365	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	825	385	445	0.7	0.6	0.7
Amharic	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	715	335	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	415	200	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	365	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,995	930	1,065	1.7	1.6	1.8
Bikol	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,625	750	870	1.4	1.3	1.5
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	510	235	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	51,230	25,645	25,580	43.1	43.3	42.9
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	49,935	24,995	24,940	42.0	42.2	41.8
Indo-Aryan languages	49,265	24,675	24,595	41.4	41.6	41.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	475	250	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	2,890	1,390	1,500	2.4	2.3	2.5
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,645	21,915	21,730	36.7	37.0	36.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,765	875	895	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	670	325	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Dari	305	140	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	940	485	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	785	410	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,505	690	815	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese languages	1,465	670	795	1.2	1.1	1.3
Hakka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	855	380	470	0.7	0.6	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	510	245	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	13,535	6,665	6,865	11.4	11.2	11.5
English and French	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	13,005	6,420	6,585	10.9	10.8	11.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	340	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	118,905	59,290	59,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	77,025	38,415	38,605	64.8	64.8	64.8
English	18,530	9,305	9,225	15.6	15.7	15.5
French	385	200	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	16,425	8,075	8,350	13.8	13.6	14.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	16,410	8,070	8,340	13.8	13.6	14.0
English and French	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,075	2,080	1,990	3.4	3.5	3.3
French and non-official language(s)	300	145	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,020	1,005	1,015	1.7	1.7	1.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	118,320	59,050	59,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	106,200	53,875	52,330	89.8	91.2	88.3
English	106,150	53,845	52,305	89.7	91.2	88.3
French	3,285	1,570	1,715	2.8	2.7	2.9
Non-official languages	92,640	45,900	46,740	78.3	77.7	78.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	92,605	45,885	46,725	78.3	77.7	78.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,665	1,385	1,285	2.3	2.3	2.2
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	725	345	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	690	325	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,970	1,065	905	1.7	1.8	1.5
Amharic	215	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	1,630	865	770	1.4	1.5	1.3
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	115	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	855	380	475	0.7	0.6	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	760	330	430	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,695	2,110	2,585	4.0	3.6	4.4
Bikol	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hiligaynon	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	455	200	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,195	1,890	2,310	3.5	3.2	3.9
Waray-Waray	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,190	555	630	1.0	0.9	1.1
Kannada	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	480	265	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	535	240	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Telugu	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tulu	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	80,510	40,270	40,245	68.0	68.2	67.9
Albanian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	655	315	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	655	315	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	305	170	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	705	315	390	0.6	0.5	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	495	230	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	480	230	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	76,795	38,510	38,285	64.9	65.2	64.6
Indo-Aryan languages	75,705	37,975	37,730	64.0	64.3	63.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	315	130	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Gujarati	950	500	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hindi	22,605	10,990	11,615	19.1	18.6	19.6
Kacchi	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Marathi	165	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nepali	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	66,195	33,345	32,850	55.9	56.5	55.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Urdu	4,680	2,385	2,295	4.0	4.0	3.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages	1,555	755	795	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baluchi	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	625	310	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian languages	960	455	505	0.8	0.8	0.9
Dari	785	370	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iranian Persian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,855	1,385	1,470	2.4	2.3	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	380	215	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	165	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	2,160	1,000	1,165	1.8	1.7	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	260	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	150	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	605	290	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	320	145	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,565	1,230	1,330	2.2	2.1	2.2
Chinese languages	2,480	1,185	1,295	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hakka	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	1,705	795	915	1.4	1.3	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	265	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,090	545	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,315	59,050	59,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,950	920	1,030	1.6	1.6	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,875	885	980	1.6	1.5	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,170	535	635	1.0	0.9	1.1
Métis	685	340	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	116,365	58,130	58,235	98.4	98.4	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,315	59,050	59,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	780	345	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	117,535	58,705	58,830	99.3	99.4	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	34,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	22,760	...	...	65.8	...	...
Renter	11,840	...	...	34.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	34,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,610	...	...	19.1	...	...
Not condominium	27,990	...	...	80.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	34,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	255	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	4,295	...	...	12.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,860	...	...	28.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,605	...	...	24.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,580	...	...	33.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	34,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,165	...	...	40.9	...	...
5 rooms	5,645	...	...	16.3	...	...
6 rooms	4,205	...	...	12.2	...	...
7 rooms	3,315	...	...	9.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,270	...	...	21.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	34,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	29,800	...	...	86.1	...	...
More than one person per room	4,805	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	34,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	27,795	...	...	80.3	...	...
Not suitable	6,810	...	...	19.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	34,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	845	...	...	2.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,160	...	...	14.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,040	...	...	20.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,165	...	...	23.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,270	...	...	9.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,570	...	...	10.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,435	...	...	9.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,120	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	34,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,380	...	...	96.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,225	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	34,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,570	...	...	39.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,125	...	...	43.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,910	...	...	17.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	34,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,750	...	...	5.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,405	...	...	12.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,635	...	...	22.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,485	...	...	21.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,500	...	...	18.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,065	...	...	11.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,145	...	...	6.2	...	...
85 years and over	620	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	34,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,470	...	...	73.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,060	...	...	26.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,405	...	...	24.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	34,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,360	...	...	44.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,610	...	...	22.0	...	...
Not suitable only	5,440	...	...	15.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	635	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,090	...	...	3.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	305	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	230	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	19,240	...	...	55.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	33,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,500	...	...	16.2	...	...
Not in core need	28,370	...	...	83.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,760	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	74.5	...	...	74.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.5	...	...	26.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,000	...	...	2,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,094	...	...	2,094	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,004,000	...	...	1,004,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,840	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.7	...	...	25.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.1	...	...	26.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,258	...	...	1,258	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	118,320	59,050	59,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	775	385	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	755	375	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	610	295	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis single ancestry	140	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,220	595	630	1.0	1.0	1.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,160	565	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	775	375	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	370	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	116,315	58,070	58,250	98.3	98.3	98.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	118,315	59,050	59,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	85,045	42,245	42,805	71.9	71.5	72.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,785	11,155	10,640	18.4	18.9	18.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	63,260	31,095	32,165	53.5	52.7	54.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	33,270	16,805	16,465	28.1	28.5	27.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	118,315	59,050	59,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	46,705	23,845	22,860	39.5	40.4	38.6
Immigrants⁸¹	59,395	28,580	30,815	50.2	48.4	52.0
Before 1980	5,185	2,530	2,650	4.4	4.3	4.5
1980 to 1990	5,495	2,600	2,895	4.6	4.4	4.9
1991 to 2000	12,905	6,120	6,790	10.9	10.4	11.5
2001 to 2010	16,520	7,795	8,720	14.0	13.2	14.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	19,290	9,535	9,755	16.3	16.1	16.5
2011 to 2015	9,440	4,555	4,885	8.0	7.7	8.2
2016 to 2021	9,850	4,970	4,875	8.3	8.4	8.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	12,215	6,625	5,590	10.3	11.2	9.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	59,395	28,580	30,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,395	1,820	1,575	5.7	6.4	5.1
5 to 14 years	7,235	3,745	3,495	12.2	13.1	11.3
15 to 24 years	15,495	6,575	8,920	26.1	23.0	28.9
25 to 44 years	23,320	11,970	11,355	39.3	41.9	36.8
45 years and over	9,940	4,470	5,475	16.7	15.6	17.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	59,395	28,580	30,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,895	910	985	3.2	3.2	3.2
Brazil	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
El Salvador	355	175	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Guyana	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	160	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Peru	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	510	270	240	0.9	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	435	185	250	0.7	0.6	0.8
Europe	2,425	1,110	1,320	4.1	3.9	4.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	160	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Greece	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	70	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italy	195	110	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Poland	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portugal	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romania	130	75	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,010	430	580	1.7	1.5	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	295	125	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
Africa	1,870	910	955	3.1	3.2	3.1
Algeria	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrea	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	220	115	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Morocco	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somalia	410	175	225	0.7	0.6	0.7
South Africa, Republic of	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	830	415	420	1.4	1.5	1.4
Asia	50,445	24,455	25,990	84.9	85.6	84.3
Afghanistan	520	255	270	0.9	0.9	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	170	100	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanon	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	275	135	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Turkey	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	920	390	530	1.5	1.4	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	320	165	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	100	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	435	205	230	0.7	0.7	0.7
Philippines	4,400	2,015	2,385	7.4	7.1	7.7
Viet Nam	570	260	310	1.0	0.9	1.0
Bangladesh	205	105	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
India	37,995	18,535	19,460	64.0	64.9	63.2
Pakistan	2,415	1,215	1,200	4.1	4.3	3.9
Sri Lanka	315	150	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	1,430	705	725	2.4	2.5	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	2,760	1,195	1,570	4.6	4.2	5.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	9,850	4,975	4,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	270	130	140	2.7	2.6	2.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	85	50	30	0.9	1.0	0.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	90	35	55	0.9	0.7	1.1
Europe	275	140	140	2.8	2.8	2.9
France	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Italy	130	70	55	1.3	1.4	1.1
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Africa	345	180	160	3.5	3.6	3.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eritrea	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ethiopia	60	30	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Somalia	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	90	40	50	0.9	0.8	1.0
Asia	8,915	4,505	4,415	90.5	90.6	90.7
Afghanistan	105	40	55	1.1	0.8	1.1
Bangladesh	55	25	20	0.6	0.5	0.4
China⁹⁰	100	30	75	1.0	0.6	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
India	7,055	3,610	3,445	71.6	72.6	70.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lebanon	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nepal	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Pakistan	315	165	155	3.2	3.3	3.2
Philippines	585	305	280	5.9	6.1	5.7
Saudi Arabia	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sri Lanka	55	15	40	0.6	0.3	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	220	120	100	2.2	2.4	2.1
Turkey	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
United Arab Emirates	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Viet Nam	70	15	55	0.7	0.3	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	110	45	60	1.1	0.9	1.2
Oceania and other⁹³	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Australia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	118,315	59,050	59,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	72,400	35,550	36,845	61.2	60.2	62.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	32,325	16,595	15,730	27.3	28.1	26.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,595	6,900	6,695	11.5	11.7	11.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	54,210	26,050	28,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	19,600	10,050	9,550	36.2	38.6	33.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	8,250	4,910	3,335	15.2	18.8	11.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	11,355	5,140	6,215	20.9	19.7	22.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	29,910	13,565	16,345	55.2	52.1	58.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,315	2,240	2,075	8.0	8.6	7.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	380	190	190	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	54,210	26,050	28,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,770	1,125	645	3.3	4.3	2.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,955	1,875	2,075	7.3	7.2	7.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	665	345	325	1.2	1.3	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,415	1,385	1,025	4.5	5.3	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	200	105	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	45,215	21,215	24,000	83.4	81.4	85.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	118,320	59,050	59,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	99,420	49,795	49,625	84.0	84.3	83.7
South Asian	79,560	40,170	39,390	67.2	68.0	66.5
Chinese	2,750	1,365	1,385	2.3	2.3	2.3
Black	2,820	1,380	1,445	2.4	2.3	2.4
Filipino	5,770	2,750	3,015	4.9	4.7	5.1
Arab	1,285	640	640	1.1	1.1	1.1
Latin American	1,485	715	775	1.3	1.2	1.3
Southeast Asian	1,450	695	745	1.2	1.2	1.3
West Asian	1,075	520	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
Korean	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	350	150	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,340	650	685	1.1	1.1	1.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,385	685	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,900	9,255	9,640	16.0	15.7	16.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	118,320	59,050	59,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,600	2,830	2,775	4.7	4.8	4.7
English	5,625	2,795	2,825	4.8	4.7	4.8
Irish	3,310	1,565	1,750	2.8	2.7	3.0
Scottish	4,150	1,845	2,305	3.5	3.1	3.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,895	940	955	1.6	1.6	1.6
German	3,030	1,440	1,585	2.6	2.4	2.7
Chinese	2,945	1,490	1,455	2.5	2.5	2.5
Italian	935	450	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indian (India)	42,840	21,265	21,565	36.2	36.0	36.4
Ukrainian	1,405	675	730	1.2	1.1	1.2
Dutch	925	405	520	0.8	0.7	0.9
Polish	755	350	400	0.6	0.6	0.7
Québécois	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,025	470	555	0.9	0.8	0.9
Filipino	5,545	2,665	2,875	4.7	4.5	4.9
French Canadian	340	150	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	685	330	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	680	340	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Métis	600	310	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	570	300	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	675	340	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Norwegian	850	415	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Welsh	575	260	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	445	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	890	400	485	0.8	0.7	0.8
Swedish	435	195	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	360	145	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
Acadian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pakistani	3,455	1,715	1,740	2.9	2.9	2.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	405	175	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	20,420	10,540	9,875	17.3	17.8	16.7
Vietnamese	790	365	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	575	295	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Greek	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,060	535	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	200	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	14,815	7,545	7,270	12.5	12.8	12.3
Austrian	235	85	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belgian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	2,380	1,180	1,200	2.0	2.0	2.0
Mexican	260	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	130	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Finnish	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	340	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	450	210	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,385	1,260	1,125	2.0	2.1	1.9
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	175	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	935	410	525	0.8	0.7	0.9
Egyptian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	145	35	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombian	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	65	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	985	470	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	790	380	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Taiwanese	350	150	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraqi	175	105	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Salvadorean	350	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	320	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	1,985	920	1,070	1.7	1.6	1.8
Jatt	1,725	950	775	1.5	1.6	1.3
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Singaporean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amhara	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	118,320	59,050	59,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,035	425	610	0.9	0.7	1.0
Christian	19,105	8,730	10,370	16.1	14.8	17.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,040	2,315	2,720	4.3	3.9	4.6
Anabaptist	150	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anglican	810	345	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baptist	640	310	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Catholic	8,235	3,815	4,410	7.0	6.5	7.4
Christian Orthodox	635	325	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	250	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	185	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	875	385	485	0.7	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	245	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Reformed	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
United Church	685	260	425	0.6	0.4	0.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,035	490	545	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hindu	9,605	4,895	4,705	8.1	8.3	7.9
Jewish	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	10,455	5,285	5,170	8.8	9.0	8.7
Sikh	61,460	30,805	30,665	51.9	52.2	51.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	515	240	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	16,025	8,590	7,435	13.5	14.5	12.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	117,025	58,405	58,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	99,330	49,520	49,810	84.9	84.8	85.0
Movers	17,695	8,880	8,815	15.1	15.2	15.0
Non-migrants	12,685	6,435	6,250	10.8	11.0	10.7
Migrants	5,010	2,445	2,565	4.3	4.2	4.4
Internal migrants	2,800	1,460	1,335	2.4	2.5	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,125	1,100	1,030	1.8	1.9	1.8
Interprovincial migrants	675	365	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
External migrants	2,215	985	1,230	1.9	1.7	2.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	112,175	55,940	56,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,600	30,070	30,530	54.0	53.8	54.3
Movers	51,580	25,870	25,705	46.0	46.2	45.7
Non-migrants	26,235	13,020	13,215	23.4	23.3	23.5
Migrants	25,340	12,855	12,490	22.6	23.0	22.2
Internal migrants	8,795	4,340	4,460	7.8	7.8	7.9
Intraprovincial migrants	6,980	3,410	3,565	6.2	6.1	6.3
Interprovincial migrants	1,820	930	885	1.6	1.7	1.6
External migrants	16,545	8,515	8,030	14.7	15.2	14.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,890	48,475	49,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,005	9,875	11,130	21.5	20.4	22.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,885	38,600	38,280	78.5	79.6	77.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,780	31,135	31,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,550	4,845	4,710	15.2	15.6	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,225	26,290	26,940	84.8	84.4	85.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,890	48,480	49,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,045	9,310	10,730	20.5	19.2	21.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,850	18,175	15,675	34.6	37.5	31.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,995	20,990	23,005	44.9	43.3	46.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,705	11,160	10,550	22.2	23.0	21.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,400	3,285	1,110	4.5	6.8	2.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,240	1,485	755	2.3	3.1	1.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,160	1,800	360	2.2	3.7	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,620	5,625	6,995	12.9	11.6	14.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,685	2,245	2,445	4.8	4.6	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,290	9,835	12,455	22.8	20.3	25.2
Bachelor's degree	14,400	6,585	7,815	14.7	13.6	15.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,660	740	920	1.7	1.5	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	495	205	290	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	5,470	2,135	3,330	5.6	4.4	6.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	260	160	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,780	31,135	31,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,920	4,485	4,440	14.2	14.4	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,975	10,890	9,090	31.8	35.0	28.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,880	15,760	18,120	54.0	50.6	57.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,095	7,620	7,475	24.0	24.5	23.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,055	2,280	770	4.9	7.3	2.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,530	1,010	515	2.4	3.2	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,525	1,270	250	2.4	4.1	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,190	3,935	5,260	14.6	12.6	16.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,855	1,400	1,450	4.5	4.5	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,780	8,140	10,640	29.9	26.1	33.6
Bachelor's degree	11,805	5,380	6,420	18.8	17.3	20.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,360	595	765	2.2	1.9	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	460	190	270	0.7	0.6	0.9
Master's degree	4,965	1,865	3,100	7.9	6.0	9.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	190	105	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,890	48,475	49,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	53,895	27,485	26,410	55.1	56.7	53.5
Education	1,970	335	1,630	2.0	0.7	3.3
13. Education	1,970	335	1,630	2.0	0.7	3.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	955	435	520	1.0	0.9	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	815	330	485	0.8	0.7	1.0
Humanities	5,890	2,620	3,275	6.0	5.4	6.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	425	105	315	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	490	130	355	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,385	2,075	2,310	4.5	4.3	4.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	290	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,490	1,490	3,000	4.6	3.1	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	285	85	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	630	65	570	0.6	0.1	1.2
22. Legal professions and studies	705	245	460	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	665	160	500	0.7	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	2,105	890	1,220	2.2	1.8	2.5
Business, management and public administration	9,755	4,475	5,280	10.0	9.2	10.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	90	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,455	4,385	5,065	9.7	9.0	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,190	970	1,220	2.2	2.0	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	650	260	395	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,090	465	630	1.1	1.0	1.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	360	230	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,830	1,710	1,120	2.9	3.5	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,450	1,550	905	2.5	3.2	1.8
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	305	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,180	6,575	605	7.3	13.6	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	190	135	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	2,380	2,030	345	2.4	4.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,290	1,155	130	1.3	2.4	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,455	1,435	20	1.5	3.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,280	1,250	30	1.3	2.6	0.1
48. Precision production	585	565	20	0.6	1.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	620	430	195	0.6	0.9	0.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	510	350	160	0.5	0.7	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	80	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	6,455	1,160	5,295	6.6	2.4	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,090	985	5,100	6.2	2.0	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,640	780	860	1.7	1.6	1.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,045	315	730	1.1	0.6	1.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	270	190	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	310	265	50	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,775	31,135	31,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,900	15,375	13,525	46.0	49.4	42.7
Education	1,405	185	1,220	2.2	0.6	3.9
13. Education	1,405	185	1,220	2.2	0.6	3.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	700	315	390	1.1	1.0	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	75	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	605	240	365	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	4,185	1,700	2,485	6.7	5.5	7.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	360	85	275	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	370	75	295	0.6	0.2	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,980	1,320	1,655	4.7	4.2	5.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	225	90	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,550	1,155	2,395	5.7	3.7	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	65	145	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	520	40	470	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	585	205	380	0.9	0.7	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	500	115	385	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,650	680	980	2.6	2.2	3.1
Business, management and public administration	7,505	3,435	4,070	12.0	11.0	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	215	55	160	0.3	0.2	0.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,275	3,380	3,895	11.6	10.9	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,525	690	835	2.4	2.2	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	460	175	285	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	700	315	385	1.1	1.0	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	305	190	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,415	1,440	975	3.8	4.6	3.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,105	1,315	785	3.4	4.2	2.5
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	250	110	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,515	5,025	495	8.8	16.1	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	125	85	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	2,015	1,710	305	3.2	5.5	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	970	870	100	1.5	2.8	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,095	1,085	15	1.7	3.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	895	880	15	1.4	2.8	0.0
48. Precision production	415	400	15	0.7	1.3	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	300	170	0.7	1.0	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	260	135	0.6	0.8	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	5,390	955	4,435	8.6	3.1	14.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,115	825	4,285	8.1	2.6	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,200	540	655	1.9	1.7	2.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	760	210	545	1.2	0.7	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	180	115	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	210	40	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,775	31,135	31,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,900	15,375	13,525	46.0	49.4	42.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,880	15,760	18,120	54.0	50.6	57.3
Location of study inside Canada	17,025	7,800	9,225	27.1	25.1	29.2
Same as province or territory of residence	15,415	6,985	8,435	24.6	22.4	26.7
Different than province or territory of residence	1,610	820	790	2.6	2.6	2.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	16,855	7,955	8,895	26.8	25.6	28.1
Americas	690	350	340	1.1	1.1	1.1
United States of America	405	210	195	0.6	0.7	0.6
Mexico	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	790	440	340	1.3	1.4	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	400	210	190	0.6	0.7	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	310	165	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Algeria	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	14,790	6,825	7,965	23.6	21.9	25.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	325	140	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
Taiwan	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japan	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,765	750	1,015	2.8	2.4	3.2
Viet Nam	70	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladesh	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	11,250	5,330	5,925	17.9	17.1	18.7
Pakistan	665	270	395	1.1	0.9	1.2
Other locations of study in Asia	280	130	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
Oceania	280	180	100	0.4	0.6	0.3
Australia	130	95	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
New Zealand	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,890	48,475	49,410	...	...	...
In the labour force	65,620	35,045	30,575	...	...	...
Employed	59,615	32,280	27,335	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,000	2,760	3,240	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,270	13,430	18,835	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.0	72.3	61.9	67.0	72.3	61.9
Employment rate	60.9	66.6	55.3	60.9	66.6	55.3
Unemployment rate	9.1	7.9	10.6	9.1	7.9	10.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,890	48,475	49,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,665	15,800	20,865	37.5	32.6	42.2
Worked	61,225	32,675	28,545	62.5	67.4	57.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,480	17,280	12,200	30.1	35.6	24.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,740	15,400	16,345	32.4	31.8	33.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	41.4	39.0	40.3	41.4	39.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,620	35,045	30,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,710	725	990	2.6	2.1	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,905	34,320	29,590	97.4	97.9	96.8
Employee	55,215	27,660	27,560	84.1	78.9	90.1
Permanent position	45,845	23,340	22,495	69.9	66.6	73.6
Temporary position	9,375	4,310	5,060	14.3	12.3	16.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,290	1,705	1,585	5.0	4.9	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,085	2,610	3,475	9.3	7.4	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,690	6,660	2,030	13.2	19.0	6.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,620	35,045	30,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,710	725	990	2.6	2.1	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,905	34,320	29,590	97.4	97.9	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	170	130	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,775	2,985	5,795	13.4	8.5	19.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,820	2,275	555	4.3	6.5	1.8
3 Health occupations	4,080	580	3,500	6.2	1.7	11.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,790	1,125	3,660	7.3	3.2	12.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	940	515	420	1.4	1.5	1.4
6 Sales and service occupations	18,545	7,345	11,200	28.3	21.0	36.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	18,400	16,555	1,845	28.0	47.2	6.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,340	705	635	2.0	2.0	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,045	2,105	1,940	6.2	6.0	6.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,620	35,045	30,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,710	725	990	2.6	2.1	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	63,905	34,320	29,590	97.4	97.9	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,310	590	725	2.0	1.7	2.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	225	150	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	7,150	6,430	730	10.9	18.3	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	5,200	3,205	1,995	7.9	9.1	6.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,090	1,320	770	3.2	3.8	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	8,090	3,455	4,635	12.3	9.9	15.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	9,625	7,660	1,965	14.7	21.9	6.4
51 Information and cultural industries	905	590	310	1.4	1.7	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,865	725	1,140	2.8	2.1	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	770	505	270	1.2	1.4	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,170	1,765	1,410	4.8	5.0	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,200	2,450	1,750	6.4	7.0	5.7
61 Educational services	2,905	760	2,145	4.4	2.2	7.0
62 Health care and social assistance	6,850	875	5,975	10.4	2.5	19.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	625	360	270	1.0	1.0	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	4,525	1,285	3,240	6.9	3.7	10.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,340	1,205	1,130	3.6	3.4	3.7
91 Public administration	1,935	945	990	2.9	2.7	3.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,380	36,755	32,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	53,245	27,320	25,930	76.7	74.3	79.5
French	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	4,130	2,470	1,660	6.0	6.7	5.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,130	2,470	1,660	6.0	6.7	5.1
English and French	185	70	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	11,590	6,765	4,825	16.7	18.4	14.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,380	36,755	32,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	66,435	35,075	31,360	95.8	95.4	96.1
Official languages	59,365	30,775	28,585	85.6	83.7	87.6
English	59,295	30,755	28,540	85.5	83.7	87.5
French	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	7,070	4,295	2,770	10.2	11.7	8.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,070	4,295	2,770	10.2	11.7	8.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,675	4,130	2,540	9.6	11.2	7.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	6,560	4,070	2,490	9.5	11.1	7.6
Indo-Aryan languages	6,540	4,065	2,480	9.4	11.1	7.6
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	185	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,335	3,965	2,370	9.1	10.8	7.3
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	255	110	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	255	110	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,940	1,675	1,265	4.2	4.6	3.9
English and French	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,865	1,650	1,215	4.1	4.5	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,380	36,755	32,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,910	31,195	28,710	86.4	84.9	88.0
English	2,665	1,635	1,035	3.8	4.4	3.2
French	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	5,695	3,320	2,370	8.2	9.0	7.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,695	3,320	2,370	8.2	9.0	7.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	200	125	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	740	405	340	1.1	1.1	1.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,615	32,280	27,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,270	2,965	3,305	10.5	9.2	12.1
Worked outside Canada	180	145	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	14,880	11,365	3,515	25.0	35.2	12.9
Usual place of work	38,285	17,810	20,480	64.2	55.2	74.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,285	17,810	20,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,965	7,805	10,160	46.9	43.8	49.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	19,745	9,640	10,105	51.6	54.1	49.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	500	320	175	1.3	1.8	0.9
Commute to a different province or territory	80	45	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	53,165	29,170	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,050	25,630	17,420	81.0	87.9	72.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,615	23,025	14,590	70.8	78.9	60.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,440	2,600	2,835	10.2	8.9	11.8
Public transit	7,865	2,520	5,345	14.8	8.6	22.3
Walked	1,125	475	650	2.1	1.6	2.7
Bicycle	100	85	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other method	1,020	460	565	1.9	1.6	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	53,165	29,170	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,405	4,135	4,275	15.8	14.2	17.8
15 to 29 minutes	17,320	8,995	8,325	32.6	30.8	34.7
30 to 44 minutes	15,495	9,580	5,915	29.1	32.8	24.7
45 to 59 minutes	5,280	3,085	2,190	9.9	10.6	9.1
60 minutes and over	6,660	3,370	3,290	12.5	11.6	13.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	53,165	29,170	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,420	2,775	1,645	8.3	9.5	6.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,150	5,530	3,620	17.2	19.0	15.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,660	5,945	4,720	20.1	20.4	19.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,205	4,770	4,435	17.3	16.4	18.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,225	3,990	4,240	15.5	13.7	17.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,500	6,175	5,335	21.6	21.2	22.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,135	12,965	12,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,305	665	635	5.2	5.1	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,840	12,300	11,535	94.8	94.9	94.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,605	9,655	8,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,095	565	535	5.9	5.9	6.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	815	415	405	4.4	4.3	4.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	280	150	130	1.5	1.6	1.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,510	9,090	8,420	94.1	94.1	94.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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