Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vancouver Fraserview--South BurnabyMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	117,485	56,850	60,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,195	7,935	7,260	12.9	14.0	12.0
0 to 4 years	4,925	2,555	2,375	4.2	4.5	3.9
5 to 9 years	5,150	2,735	2,415	4.4	4.8	4.0
10 to 14 years	5,120	2,645	2,475	4.4	4.7	4.1
15 to 64 years	80,345	39,160	41,180	68.4	68.9	67.9
15 to 19 years	5,860	3,080	2,775	5.0	5.4	4.6
20 to 24 years	7,905	4,065	3,840	6.7	7.2	6.3
25 to 29 years	9,230	4,820	4,410	7.9	8.5	7.3
30 to 34 years	9,175	4,580	4,595	7.8	8.1	7.6
35 to 39 years	8,375	4,135	4,245	7.1	7.3	7.0
40 to 44 years	7,610	3,610	4,000	6.5	6.4	6.6
45 to 49 years	7,470	3,385	4,085	6.4	6.0	6.7
50 to 54 years	7,950	3,645	4,305	6.8	6.4	7.1
55 to 59 years	8,780	4,145	4,630	7.5	7.3	7.6
60 to 64 years	7,990	3,695	4,300	6.8	6.5	7.1
65 years and over	21,945	9,760	12,185	18.7	17.2	20.1
65 to 69 years	6,935	3,160	3,775	5.9	5.6	6.2
70 to 74 years	5,645	2,610	3,035	4.8	4.6	5.0
75 to 79 years	3,390	1,540	1,840	2.9	2.7	3.0
80 to 84 years	2,775	1,195	1,580	2.4	2.1	2.6
85 years and over	3,205	1,250	1,955	2.7	2.2	3.2
85 to 89 years	1,895	780	1,110	1.6	1.4	1.8
90 to 94 years	965	355	610	0.8	0.6	1.0
95 to 99 years	280	90	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.9	14.0	12.0	12.9	14.0	12.0
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.9	67.9	68.4	68.9	67.9
65 years and over	18.7	17.2	20.1	18.7	17.2	20.1
85 years and over	2.7	2.2	3.2	2.7	2.2	3.2
Average age of the population	42.7	41.3	44.0	42.7	41.3	44.0
Median age of the population	42.0	39.6	44.0	42.0	39.6	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,025	...	...	18.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	715	...	...	1.6	...	...
Row house	6,295	...	...	14.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	13,000	...	...	29.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,445	...	...	26.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,860	...	...	8.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,645	...	...	24.5	...	...
2 persons	13,185	...	...	30.4	...	...
3 persons	8,035	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	6,670	...	...	15.4	...	...
5 or more persons	4,895	...	...	11.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	115,970	56,300	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	102,285	48,920	53,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	56,450	28,045	28,405	55.2	57.3	53.2
Married	50,455	25,055	25,405	49.3	51.2	47.6
Living common-law	5,995	2,990	3,000	5.9	6.1	5.6
Living common law - Never married	4,770	2,380	2,390	4.7	4.9	4.5
Living common law - Separated	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	990	495	495	1.0	1.0	0.9
Living common law - Widowed	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	45,840	20,870	24,965	44.8	42.7	46.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,515	17,005	15,505	31.8	34.8	29.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,360	905	1,455	2.3	1.8	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,760	1,985	3,775	5.6	4.1	7.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,205	980	4,230	5.1	2.0	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,470	...	...	47.4	...	...
3 persons	8,315	...	...	25.5	...	...
4 persons	6,850	...	...	21.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,020	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,985	...	...	82.6	...	...
Married couples	23,990	...	...	73.5	...	...
With children⁶	14,385	...	...	44.0	...	...
Without children	9,605	...	...	29.4	...	...
Common-law couples	2,995	...	...	9.2	...	...
With children⁶	865	...	...	2.6	...	...
Without children	2,130	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,675	...	...	17.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,585	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,090	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	115,970	56,300	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,845	46,345	47,505	80.9	82.3	79.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,970	26,960	27,010	46.5	47.9	45.3
Parents in one-parent families	5,675	1,085	4,585	4.9	1.9	7.7
Children⁶	34,205	18,300	15,900	29.5	32.5	26.6
In a two-parent family	26,070	13,870	12,200	22.5	24.6	20.4
In a one-parent family	8,135	4,435	3,705	7.0	7.9	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,120	9,950	12,170	19.1	17.7	20.4
Living alone	10,645	4,485	6,160	9.2	8.0	10.3
Living with other relatives⁷	4,825	1,740	3,085	4.2	3.1	5.2
Living with non-relatives only	6,650	3,720	2,925	5.7	6.6	4.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,685	...	...	56.8	...	...
Couple-family households	20,685	...	...	47.6	...	...
With children⁶	11,800	...	...	27.2	...	...
Without children	8,885	...	...	20.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,000	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,810	...	...	6.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	650	...	...	1.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,110	...	...	4.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,535	...	...	5.8	...	...
One-person households	10,645	...	...	24.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	100,775	48,365	52,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,525	46,735	50,790	96.8	96.6	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,000	34,000	36,800	40,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,555	46,750	50,810	96.8	96.7	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,400	32,000	34,000	36,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,870	41,695	44,170	85.2	86.2	84.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	36,800	26,400	31,400	36,800	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,405	34,755	34,650	68.9	71.9	66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	31,400	36,000	40,800	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,565	38,180	45,385	82.9	78.9	86.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,000	10,000	9,100	8,000	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,645	4,190	5,460	9.6	8.7	10.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,760	5,520	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,820	14,925	15,895	30.6	30.9	30.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,500	10,000	10,000	9,500	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	100,595	48,295	52,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,105	46,480	50,625	96.5	96.2	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,320	52,400	42,680	47,320	52,400	42,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,140	46,500	50,645	96.6	96.3	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,840	44,480	37,520	40,840	44,480	37,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,225	41,365	43,855	84.7	85.7	83.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	49,800	37,600	43,520	49,800	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,265	34,700	34,565	68.9	71.9	66.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,720	51,650	39,760	45,720	51,650	39,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,200	37,900	45,300	82.7	78.5	86.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,670	9,920	11,300	10,670	9,920	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,880	4,285	5,600	9.8	8.9	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,480	5,715	7,060	6,480	5,715	7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,815	14,900	15,915	30.6	30.9	30.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,810	9,780	9,850	9,810	9,780	9,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	100,595	48,295	52,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,340	17,105	14,235	31.2	35.4	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	65,500	57,200	61,200	65,500	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,100	76,800	64,200	71,100	76,800	64,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,635	13,225	15,410	28.5	27.4	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,000	16,400	18,000	20,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,560	29,400	24,160	26,560	29,400	24,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	84.6	76.4	80.6	84.6	76.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8	73.6	63.6	68.8	73.6	63.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.3	15.4	23.7	19.3	15.4	23.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	1.8	1.4	1.0	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.0	7.1	9.1	8.0	7.1	9.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.6	6.0	7.3	6.6	6.0	7.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	100,775	48,365	52,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,250	1,630	1,620	3.2	3.4	3.1
With total income	97,525	46,735	50,790	96.8	96.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,410	4,590	5,810	10.7	9.8	11.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,590	5,680	6,910	12.9	12.2	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	16,870	7,370	9,505	17.3	15.8	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,045	5,770	7,275	13.4	12.3	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,610	4,860	5,750	10.9	10.4	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,380	3,935	4,445	8.6	8.4	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,370	3,180	3,190	6.5	6.8	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,770	2,585	2,185	4.9	5.5	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,670	2,075	1,595	3.8	4.4	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,865	1,615	1,250	2.9	3.4	2.5
$100,000 and over	7,945	5,080	2,865	8.1	10.9	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	5,745	3,520	2,235	5.9	7.5	4.4
$150,000 and over	2,195	1,560	635	2.3	3.3	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	100,775	48,365	52,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,220	1,615	1,605	3.2	3.3	3.1
With after-tax income	97,555	46,750	50,810	96.8	96.7	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,725	4,730	5,995	11.0	10.1	11.8
$10,000 to $19,999	12,925	5,865	7,055	13.2	12.5	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	18,960	8,325	10,640	19.4	17.8	20.9
$30,000 to $39,999	14,790	6,690	8,100	15.2	14.3	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	11,815	5,450	6,365	12.1	11.7	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,740	4,305	4,440	9.0	9.2	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,135	3,275	2,860	6.3	7.0	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,410	2,510	1,900	4.5	5.4	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045	1,715	1,330	3.1	3.7	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,915	1,130	785	2.0	2.4	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,100	2,760	1,340	4.2	5.9	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,345	1,500	845	2.4	3.2	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,755	1,260	495	1.8	2.7	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	100,775	48,365	52,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	31,375	13,610	17,765	31.1	28.1	33.9
With employment income	69,405	34,755	34,650	68.9	71.9	66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,915	4,050	4,865	12.9	11.6	14.1
$5,000 to $9,999	6,535	2,820	3,715	9.4	8.1	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,620	3,945	4,675	12.4	11.3	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,680	3,135	3,545	9.6	9.0	10.2
$30,000 to $39,999	6,555	3,140	3,415	9.4	9.0	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,345	3,050	3,290	9.1	8.8	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,955	2,875	3,080	8.6	8.3	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,665	2,475	2,185	6.7	7.1	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,600	2,010	1,590	5.2	5.8	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,920	1,755	1,170	4.2	5.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,400	1,385	1,010	3.5	4.0	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,225	4,110	2,120	9.0	11.8	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,175	1,940	1,230	4.6	5.6	3.6
$125,000 and over	3,050	2,165	880	4.4	6.2	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	100,775	48,365	52,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,610	45,180	49,430	93.9	93.4	94.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000	30,600	34,000	38,000	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,765	45,210	49,555	94.0	93.5	94.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	34,400	28,400	31,000	34,400	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,965	41,155	43,810	84.3	85.1	83.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,200	29,400	33,600	39,200	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,915	35,195	35,720	70.4	72.8	68.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,600	32,400	36,400	41,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,675	28,445	38,230	66.2	58.8	72.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,640	1,370	4,200	2,640	1,370	4,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,965	1,985	2,980	4.9	4.1	5.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	4,960	6,200	5,560	4,960	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	100,595	48,295	52,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,165	44,950	49,210	93.6	93.1	94.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,200	50,040	38,840	44,200	50,040	38,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,295	44,990	49,305	93.7	93.2	94.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,720	41,880	33,920	37,720	41,880	33,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,455	40,895	43,560	84.0	84.7	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,800	50,640	37,360	43,800	50,640	37,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,800	35,250	35,545	70.4	73.0	68.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,000	51,500	38,520	45,000	51,500	38,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,255	28,120	38,135	65.9	58.2	72.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,980	6,325	7,470	6,980	6,325	7,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,020	2,000	3,020	5.0	4.1	5.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,460	6,070	8,380	7,460	6,070	8,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	100,595	48,295	52,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,025	16,930	14,095	30.8	35.1	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	61,600	52,400	56,800	61,600	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,700	72,100	57,900	65,700	72,100	57,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,150	12,500	14,650	27.0	25.9	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	28,000	23,600	25,200	28,000	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,760	36,840	29,320	32,760	36,840	29,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.8	92.0	85.2	88.8	92.0	85.2
Employment income (%)	76.6	80.8	71.6	76.6	80.8	71.6
Government transfers (%)	11.1	7.9	14.9	11.1	7.9	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.3	0.9	0.5	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,500	...	...	91,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,920	...	...	50,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,920	...	...	43,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...	106,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	630	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	405	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	880	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,810	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,225	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,350	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,640	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,455	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,480	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,895	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,865	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,755	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,645	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,440	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,680	...	...	43.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,145	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,060	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,090	...	...	11.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,385	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	720	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	405	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	910	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,890	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,365	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,530	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,800	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,735	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,685	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,375	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,265	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,235	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,865	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,635	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,730	...	...	36.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,390	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,825	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,515	...	...	15.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,290	8,210	9,080	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	36,400	34,800	35,600	36,400	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	33,600	32,800	33,200	33,600	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,400	...	...	122,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,400	...	...	105,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	86,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,200	...	...	148,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,100	...	...	127,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...	75,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,200	8,025	9,180	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,520	45,760	43,440	44,520	45,760	43,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,880	39,440	38,400	38,880	39,440	38,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	115,970	56,300	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,590	9,755	8,835	16.0	17.3	14.8
0 to 5 years	5,935	3,105	2,835	5.1	5.5	4.8
18 to 64 years	76,680	37,215	39,465	66.1	66.1	66.1
65 years and over	20,695	9,330	11,365	17.8	16.6	19.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,765	5,815	6,945	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,235	1,185	1,050	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	700	380	320	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,095	3,265	3,830	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,430	1,365	2,070	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.0	10.3	11.6	11.0	10.3	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.1	11.9	12.0	12.1	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	12.2	11.3	11.8	12.2	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	8.8	9.7	9.3	8.8	9.7
65 years and over (%)	16.6	14.6	18.2	16.6	14.6	18.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	115,970	56,300	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,590	9,755	8,835	16.0	17.3	14.8
0 to 5 years	5,935	3,105	2,835	5.1	5.5	4.8
18 to 64 years	76,680	37,215	39,465	66.1	66.1	66.1
65 years and over	20,695	9,330	11,365	17.8	16.6	19.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,595	4,280	4,315	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,245	670	570	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	360	195	160	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,985	3,050	2,935	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,360	555	805	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.4	7.6	7.2	7.4	7.6	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	6.9	6.4	6.7	6.9	6.4
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	6.3	5.7	6.0	6.3	5.7
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	8.2	7.4	7.8	8.2	7.4
65 years and over (%)	6.6	5.9	7.1	6.6	5.9	7.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	115,965	56,295	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	55,410	26,445	28,970	47.8	47.0	48.6
In bottom decile	12,785	6,090	6,700	11.0	10.8	11.2
In second decile	11,115	5,230	5,885	9.6	9.3	9.9
In third decile	10,550	5,020	5,530	9.1	8.9	9.3
In fourth decile	10,320	5,010	5,315	8.9	8.9	8.9
In fifth decile	10,640	5,100	5,540	9.2	9.1	9.3
In top half of the distribution	60,555	29,855	30,705	52.2	53.0	51.5
In sixth decile	11,395	5,540	5,855	9.8	9.8	9.8
In seventh decile	11,995	5,855	6,145	10.3	10.4	10.3
In eighth decile	12,640	6,215	6,425	10.9	11.0	10.8
In ninth decile	13,100	6,505	6,595	11.3	11.6	11.1
In top decile	11,430	5,740	5,685	9.9	10.2	9.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	115,970	...	...	115,970	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	...	...	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	116,405	56,430	59,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	100,620	49,755	50,865	86.4	88.2	84.8
French only	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	4,840	2,220	2,620	4.2	3.9	4.4
Neither English nor French	10,900	4,440	6,465	9.4	7.9	10.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	116,405	56,430	59,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,290	51,390	52,905	89.6	91.1	88.2
French	730	375	360	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	605	280	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Neither English nor French	10,775	4,385	6,390	9.3	7.8	10.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	116,405	56,430	59,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,920	52,325	55,600	92.7	92.7	92.7
Official languages	40,140	21,165	18,980	34.5	37.5	31.6
English	39,495	20,815	18,680	33.9	36.9	31.1
French	650	345	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Non-official languages	67,780	31,160	36,620	58.2	55.2	61.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	67,770	31,155	36,610	58.2	55.2	61.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	880	440	440	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	840	415	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	595	315	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,890	1,310	1,585	2.5	2.3	2.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	2,820	1,280	1,540	2.4	2.3	2.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,430	3,105	4,320	6.4	5.5	7.2
Bikol	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	210	75	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	585	255	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indonesian	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,900	2,480	3,425	5.1	4.4	5.7
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,020	585	435	0.9	1.0	0.7
Kannada	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	525	285	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Telugu	245	165	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,505	8,515	8,995	15.0	15.1	15.0
Albanian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,260	1,080	1,180	1.9	1.9	2.0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,250	1,075	1,175	1.9	1.9	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	430	195	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	700	320	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	760	400	365	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bosnian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	385	205	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	725	330	400	0.6	0.6	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	550	245	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	535	235	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	155	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	10,190	5,010	5,175	8.8	8.9	8.6
Indo-Aryan languages	9,050	4,430	4,620	7.8	7.9	7.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	315	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	1,265	610	655	1.1	1.1	1.1
Kacchi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,605	3,205	3,400	5.7	5.7	5.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	285	150	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,135	585	555	1.0	1.0	0.9
Baluchi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	825	425	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Dari	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	505	260	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,080	1,960	2,120	3.5	3.5	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	440	205	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	975	470	505	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	240	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,420	1,160	1,260	2.1	2.1	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,055	325	725	0.9	0.6	1.2
Korean	1,830	830	1,000	1.6	1.5	1.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	34,255	15,630	18,625	29.4	27.7	31.1
Chinese languages	34,145	15,580	18,565	29.3	27.6	31.0
Hakka	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mandarin	9,945	4,445	5,495	8.5	7.9	9.2
Min Dong	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	840	380	465	0.7	0.7	0.8
Wu (Shanghainese)	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	22,730	10,475	12,260	19.5	18.6	20.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	135	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	225	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	170	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	305	120	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,480	4,105	4,370	7.3	7.3	7.3
English and French	285	145	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	7,105	3,500	3,610	6.1	6.2	6.0
French and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	895	375	520	0.8	0.7	0.9
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	116,405	56,430	59,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	43,980	22,665	21,320	37.8	40.2	35.6
French	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	25,220	11,415	13,805	21.7	20.2	23.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25,220	11,415	13,805	21.7	20.2	23.0
English and French	655	330	325	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	42,825	20,335	22,490	36.8	36.0	37.5
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	690	320	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	2,860	1,280	1,580	2.5	2.3	2.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	116,405	56,430	59,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,385	51,665	54,720	91.4	91.6	91.2
Official languages	60,435	30,460	29,970	51.9	54.0	50.0
English	60,185	30,345	29,845	51.7	53.8	49.8
French	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	45,955	21,200	24,755	39.5	37.6	41.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45,950	21,200	24,750	39.5	37.6	41.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	480	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	455	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,865	835	1,035	1.6	1.5	1.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,820	815	1,010	1.6	1.4	1.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,350	1,890	2,460	3.7	3.3	4.1
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	335	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,610	1,555	2,055	3.1	2.8	3.4
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	645	370	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	350	180	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	160	105	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,595	5,110	5,490	9.1	9.1	9.2
Albanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,230	580	645	1.1	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,225	580	645	1.1	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	460	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	400	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	240	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	6,860	3,345	3,520	5.9	5.9	5.9
Indo-Aryan languages	6,130	2,990	3,145	5.3	5.3	5.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	675	330	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kacchi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,740	2,300	2,435	4.1	4.1	4.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	730	355	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	515	255	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dari	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	310	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,315	1,095	1,220	2.0	1.9	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	635	305	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Romanian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,400	670	730	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	545	215	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korean	1,350	630	725	1.2	1.1	1.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25,660	11,700	13,960	22.0	20.7	23.3
Chinese languages	25,590	11,665	13,925	22.0	20.7	23.2
Hakka	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	7,870	3,610	4,265	6.8	6.4	7.1
Min Dong	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	470	220	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	16,850	7,665	9,185	14.5	13.6	15.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	155	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,015	4,765	5,245	8.6	8.4	8.7
English and French	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	9,420	4,500	4,920	8.1	8.0	8.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	395	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	116,405	56,430	59,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	77,465	38,070	39,395	66.5	67.5	65.7
English	15,340	7,305	8,035	13.2	12.9	13.4
French	620	310	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	17,675	8,260	9,415	15.2	14.6	15.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	17,660	8,250	9,405	15.2	14.6	15.7
English and French	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,885	1,360	1,520	2.5	2.4	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,960	910	1,055	1.7	1.6	1.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	115,745	56,230	59,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	104,910	51,790	53,120	90.6	92.1	89.3
English	104,870	51,780	53,095	90.6	92.1	89.2
French	5,110	2,405	2,705	4.4	4.3	4.5
Non-official languages	82,565	38,540	44,030	71.3	68.5	74.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	82,510	38,525	43,985	71.3	68.5	73.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,370	730	640	1.2	1.3	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,345	715	635	1.2	1.3	1.1
Amharic	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arabic	965	510	460	0.8	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,720	1,675	2,055	3.2	3.0	3.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	3,595	1,610	1,980	3.1	2.9	3.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10,275	4,295	5,975	8.9	7.6	10.0
Bikol	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	310	135	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Fijian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hiligaynon	255	90	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ilocano	1,205	525	685	1.0	0.9	1.2
Indonesian	270	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	185	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	95	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,545	3,970	5,575	8.2	7.1	9.4
Waray-Waray	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,685	945	745	1.5	1.7	1.3
Kannada	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	425	235	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	990	525	465	0.9	0.9	0.8
Telugu	370	235	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tulu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,400	11,975	12,425	21.1	21.3	20.9
Albanian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,875	1,355	1,525	2.5	2.4	2.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,870	1,350	1,525	2.5	2.4	2.6
Belarusian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	195	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	540	275	265	0.5	0.5	0.4
Russian	1,010	440	565	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	950	485	465	0.8	0.9	0.8
Bosnian	245	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	375	200	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Serbian	540	275	265	0.5	0.5	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,360	660	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,005	475	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
German	1,000	475	520	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	300	175	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	14,510	7,295	7,215	12.5	13.0	12.1
Indo-Aryan languages	13,190	6,600	6,585	11.4	11.7	11.1
Assamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	520	275	250	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindi	5,125	2,445	2,685	4.4	4.3	4.5
Kacchi	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	9,280	4,670	4,610	8.0	8.3	7.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	515	285	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,380	725	655	1.2	1.3	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	345	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	970	540	430	0.8	1.0	0.7
Dari	235	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	620	340	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,735	2,685	3,045	5.0	4.8	5.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	635	275	355	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portuguese	1,120	535	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Romanian	370	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	3,975	1,855	2,120	3.4	3.3	3.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,885	810	1,075	1.6	1.4	1.8
Korean	2,255	1,015	1,240	1.9	1.8	2.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	355	210	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
Akan (Twi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	140	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	39,070	18,045	21,025	33.8	32.1	35.3
Chinese languages	38,985	17,995	20,985	33.7	32.0	35.3
Hakka	270	145	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mandarin	18,760	8,355	10,400	16.2	14.9	17.5
Min Dong	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,530	675	860	1.3	1.2	1.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	285	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Yue (Cantonese)	27,170	12,520	14,655	23.5	22.3	24.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	275	145	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	230	135	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	255	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,740	56,225	59,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,615	805	810	1.4	1.4	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,555	770	780	1.3	1.4	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,050	540	505	0.9	1.0	0.8
Métis	485	220	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	114,125	55,420	58,705	98.6	98.6	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,740	56,225	59,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	720	400	320	0.6	0.7	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,020	55,830	59,195	99.4	99.3	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,325	...	...	60.7	...	...
Renter	17,035	...	...	39.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	12,505	...	...	28.8	...	...
Not condominium	30,855	...	...	71.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	705	...	...	1.6	...	...
1 bedroom	7,355	...	...	17.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,055	...	...	30.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,670	...	...	22.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,580	...	...	29.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	20,475	...	...	47.2	...	...
5 rooms	6,295	...	...	14.5	...	...
6 rooms	4,405	...	...	10.2	...	...
7 rooms	3,540	...	...	8.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,650	...	...	19.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	40,955	...	...	94.5	...	...
More than one person per room	2,405	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	39,275	...	...	90.6	...	...
Not suitable	4,090	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,850	...	...	11.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,690	...	...	20.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,755	...	...	13.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,880	...	...	20.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,420	...	...	7.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,335	...	...	7.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,495	...	...	8.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,940	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,090	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,275	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,500	...	...	47.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,255	...	...	42.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,600	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	970	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,955	...	...	13.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,250	...	...	16.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,125	...	...	18.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,225	...	...	21.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,125	...	...	16.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,275	...	...	7.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,445	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,810	...	...	73.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,410	...	...	26.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,745	...	...	22.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,280	...	...	37.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,115	...	...	23.3	...	...
Not suitable only	3,125	...	...	7.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,585	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	765	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	495	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,080	...	...	62.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,885	...	...	16.6	...	...
Not in core need	34,670	...	...	83.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,325	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.0	...	...	53.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.7	...	...	23.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,756	...	...	1,756	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,250,000	...	...	1,250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,318,000	...	...	1,318,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,035	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.2	...	...	18.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.6	...	...	30.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.1	...	...	25.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,416	...	...	1,416	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	115,745	56,230	59,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	605	310	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	590	310	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	480	250	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis single ancestry	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,155	540	615	1.0	1.0	1.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,115	515	600	1.0	0.9	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	810	395	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	110	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	113,985	55,380	58,605	98.5	98.5	98.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	115,740	56,225	59,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	95,290	46,520	48,770	82.3	82.7	81.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,750	8,845	7,905	14.5	15.7	13.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,540	37,675	40,865	67.9	67.0	68.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	20,450	9,710	10,745	17.7	17.3	18.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	115,740	56,225	59,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	47,310	24,790	22,520	40.9	44.1	37.8
Immigrants⁸¹	62,620	28,485	34,135	54.1	50.7	57.4
Before 1980	8,765	4,155	4,610	7.6	7.4	7.7
1980 to 1990	9,225	4,235	4,990	8.0	7.5	8.4
1991 to 2000	18,105	8,105	10,000	15.6	14.4	16.8
2001 to 2010	12,740	5,675	7,060	11.0	10.1	11.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	13,780	6,310	7,470	11.9	11.2	12.6
2011 to 2015	6,275	2,840	3,435	5.4	5.1	5.8
2016 to 2021	7,500	3,470	4,030	6.5	6.2	6.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,815	2,955	2,860	5.0	5.3	4.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	62,620	28,485	34,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,945	2,060	1,890	6.3	7.2	5.5
5 to 14 years	8,990	4,490	4,500	14.4	15.8	13.2
15 to 24 years	12,780	5,805	6,970	20.4	20.4	20.4
25 to 44 years	28,570	12,425	16,145	45.6	43.6	47.3
45 years and over	8,335	3,705	4,630	13.3	13.0	13.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	62,620	28,485	34,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,055	1,480	1,580	4.9	5.2	4.6
Brazil	255	95	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombia	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
El Salvador	290	160	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
Guyana	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	435	210	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Peru	200	100	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
United States of America	745	365	380	1.2	1.3	1.1
Other places of birth in Americas	795	375	425	1.3	1.3	1.2
Europe	5,080	2,395	2,685	8.1	8.4	7.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	315	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	200	100	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
France	150	100	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
Germany	340	165	170	0.5	0.6	0.5
Greece	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	85	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italy	245	105	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Poland	430	200	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portugal	290	150	140	0.5	0.5	0.4
Romania	325	145	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	315	130	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	190	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	280	115	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	955	435	515	1.5	1.5	1.5
Other places of birth in Europe	775	355	425	1.2	1.2	1.2
Africa	1,300	705	595	2.1	2.5	1.7
Algeria	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrea	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	145	80	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Morocco	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	100	70	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	650	325	320	1.0	1.1	0.9
Asia	52,010	23,380	28,630	83.1	82.1	83.9
Afghanistan	215	125	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	470	265	210	0.8	0.9	0.6
Iraq	270	130	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Lebanon	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	220	85	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Turkey	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	16,675	7,320	9,350	26.6	25.7	27.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	7,305	3,310	3,995	11.7	11.6	11.7
Korea, South⁹²	1,505	695	810	2.4	2.4	2.4
Taiwan	2,620	1,210	1,410	4.2	4.2	4.1
Philippines	9,500	4,010	5,495	15.2	14.1	16.1
Viet Nam	2,805	1,295	1,505	4.5	4.5	4.4
Bangladesh	265	130	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
India	6,105	3,005	3,100	9.7	10.5	9.1
Pakistan	220	120	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lanka	540	275	260	0.9	1.0	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	3,165	1,330	1,835	5.1	4.7	5.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,175	530	650	1.9	1.9	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,500	3,470	4,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	790	405	380	10.5	11.7	9.4
Brazil	170	70	100	2.3	2.0	2.5
Colombia	55	40	15	0.7	1.2	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	110	65	50	1.5	1.9	1.2
United States of America	170	85	85	2.3	2.4	2.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other places of birth in Americas	240	130	110	3.2	3.7	2.7
Europe	480	270	215	6.4	7.8	5.3
France	45	30	15	0.6	0.9	0.4
Germany	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	25	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Ukraine	75	40	35	1.0	1.2	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	30	20	0.6	0.9	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	225	115	110	3.0	3.3	2.7
Africa	270	170	100	3.6	4.9	2.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Eritrea	35	30	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Ethiopia	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Morocco	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	40	30	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	35	35	0.9	1.0	0.9
Asia	5,945	2,615	3,330	79.3	75.4	82.6
Afghanistan	55	45	10	0.7	1.3	0.2
Bangladesh	65	35	30	0.9	1.0	0.7
China⁹⁰	1,645	640	1,005	21.9	18.4	24.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	105	35	70	1.4	1.0	1.7
India	1,070	565	505	14.3	16.3	12.5
Iran⁸⁸	70	35	35	0.9	1.0	0.9
Iraq	85	50	30	1.1	1.4	0.7
Israel	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Japan	90	25	70	1.2	0.7	1.7
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	215	80	135	2.9	2.3	3.3
Lebanon	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	45	30	15	0.6	0.9	0.4
Philippines	1,520	680	845	20.3	19.6	21.0
Saudi Arabia	30	30	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Sri Lanka	125	50	70	1.7	1.4	1.7
Syria⁸⁹	200	75	125	2.7	2.2	3.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Viet Nam	295	120	175	3.9	3.5	4.3
Other places of birth in Asia	255	80	175	3.4	2.3	4.3
Oceania and other⁹³	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	115,740	56,225	59,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	69,640	32,035	37,605	60.2	57.0	63.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	30,495	16,150	14,345	26.3	28.7	24.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,610	8,040	7,565	13.5	14.3	12.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	53,855	24,330	29,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	29,905	14,130	15,775	55.5	58.1	53.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	12,170	6,345	5,825	22.6	26.1	19.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	17,735	7,780	9,950	32.9	32.0	33.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	18,080	7,145	10,935	33.6	29.4	37.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,790	2,600	2,190	8.9	10.7	7.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,080	450	630	2.0	1.8	2.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	53,855	24,330	29,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,345	750	600	2.5	3.1	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,245	1,555	3,690	9.7	6.4	12.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,660	830	825	3.1	3.4	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,035	1,400	1,640	5.6	5.8	5.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	205	75	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	42,370	19,730	22,640	78.7	81.1	76.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	115,745	56,230	59,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	89,525	42,800	46,720	77.3	76.1	78.5
South Asian	16,085	8,215	7,875	13.9	14.6	13.2
Chinese	42,990	20,315	22,675	37.1	36.1	38.1
Black	1,700	1,000	700	1.5	1.8	1.2
Filipino	11,705	5,140	6,565	10.1	9.1	11.0
Arab	725	380	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Latin American	2,685	1,290	1,400	2.3	2.3	2.4
Southeast Asian	4,780	2,270	2,510	4.1	4.0	4.2
West Asian	960	530	425	0.8	0.9	0.7
Korean	2,300	1,125	1,170	2.0	2.0	2.0
Japanese	1,605	605	1,000	1.4	1.1	1.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	655	320	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	3,330	1,605	1,725	2.9	2.9	2.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	26,220	13,425	12,790	22.7	23.9	21.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	115,740	56,230	59,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,495	2,405	2,080	3.9	4.3	3.5
English	6,725	3,385	3,350	5.8	6.0	5.6
Irish	4,760	2,290	2,470	4.1	4.1	4.2
Scottish	5,895	2,820	3,075	5.1	5.0	5.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,500	1,305	1,195	2.2	2.3	2.0
German	3,930	2,040	1,895	3.4	3.6	3.2
Chinese	39,515	18,795	20,720	34.1	33.4	34.8
Italian	1,735	880	855	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indian (India)	9,445	4,855	4,590	8.2	8.6	7.7
Ukrainian	1,985	940	1,045	1.7	1.7	1.8
Dutch	1,110	585	525	1.0	1.0	0.9
Polish	1,660	775	890	1.4	1.4	1.5
Québécois	65	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,510	780	720	1.3	1.4	1.2
Filipino	11,170	4,905	6,265	9.7	8.7	10.5
French Canadian	450	245	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	800	390	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	550	325	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
Métis	450	200	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	875	485	390	0.8	0.9	0.7
Russian	1,370	640	735	1.2	1.1	1.2
Norwegian	990	515	470	0.9	0.9	0.8
Welsh	685	320	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	1,035	540	495	0.9	1.0	0.8
American	640	315	325	0.6	0.6	0.5
Spanish	1,845	925	920	1.6	1.6	1.5
Swedish	690	350	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hungarian	560	285	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Acadian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	600	335	265	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jewish	550	245	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Punjabi	2,860	1,450	1,410	2.5	2.6	2.4
Vietnamese	4,455	2,125	2,330	3.8	3.8	3.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	340	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	520	315	205	0.4	0.6	0.3
Jamaican	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	3,015	1,475	1,535	2.6	2.6	2.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	2,460	1,190	1,265	2.1	2.1	2.1
Romanian	490	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	515	290	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	365	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	425	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	180	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sikh	1,830	970	860	1.6	1.7	1.4
Austrian	495	220	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belgian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haitian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	845	445	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mexican	835	405	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mennonite	170	85	90	0.1	0.2	0.2
Swiss	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lankan	580	310	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Croatian	365	205	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	2,140	895	1,250	1.8	1.6	2.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	640	320	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	140	40	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Muslim	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	485	200	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Tamil	285	150	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Icelandic	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	170	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moroccan	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	320	140	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syrian	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	305	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	495	255	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ojibway	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	2,580	1,230	1,345	2.2	2.2	2.3
Ontarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	165	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	285	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	425	195	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nigerian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	2,380	1,085	1,290	2.1	1.9	2.2
Iraqi	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	660	345	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	160	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	170	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	140	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eritrean	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	145	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	275	145	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Laotian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	460	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern Irish	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ecuadorian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	795	360	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jatt	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	245	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Plains Cree	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	320	140	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	115,740	56,230	59,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	6,420	2,705	3,715	5.5	4.8	6.2
Christian	38,235	17,375	20,860	33.0	30.9	35.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,715	4,505	5,215	8.4	8.0	8.8
Anabaptist	400	175	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Anglican	1,070	465	605	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baptist	1,300	565	735	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	18,550	8,630	9,925	16.0	15.3	16.7
Christian Orthodox	1,500	755	745	1.3	1.3	1.3
Jehovah's Witness	605	245	360	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	145	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	615	270	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	615	250	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Presbyterian	380	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Reformed	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,065	340	725	0.9	0.6	1.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,075	885	1,190	1.8	1.6	2.0
Hindu	4,125	2,115	2,010	3.6	3.8	3.4
Jewish	405	210	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	3,635	1,875	1,760	3.1	3.3	3.0
Sikh	8,510	4,270	4,245	7.4	7.6	7.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	910	380	530	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	53,430	27,260	26,170	46.2	48.5	44.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	114,735	55,690	59,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	100,110	48,485	51,625	87.3	87.1	87.4
Movers	14,625	7,205	7,420	12.7	12.9	12.6
Non-migrants	8,550	4,190	4,360	7.5	7.5	7.4
Migrants	6,070	3,010	3,060	5.3	5.4	5.2
Internal migrants	3,965	1,920	2,045	3.5	3.4	3.5
Intraprovincial migrants	3,105	1,475	1,630	2.7	2.6	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	865	440	420	0.8	0.8	0.7
External migrants	2,105	1,090	1,015	1.8	2.0	1.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,915	53,690	57,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,350	33,190	36,160	62.5	61.8	63.2
Movers	41,565	20,500	21,060	37.5	38.2	36.8
Non-migrants	18,215	8,830	9,390	16.4	16.4	16.4
Migrants	23,345	11,670	11,670	21.0	21.7	20.4
Internal migrants	13,930	7,010	6,920	12.6	13.1	12.1
Intraprovincial migrants	11,335	5,665	5,670	10.2	10.6	9.9
Interprovincial migrants	2,595	1,345	1,250	2.3	2.5	2.2
External migrants	9,415	4,665	4,755	8.5	8.7	8.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,590	48,300	52,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,105	7,550	8,550	16.0	15.6	16.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	84,485	40,745	43,745	84.0	84.4	83.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,330	31,940	34,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,240	3,130	3,105	9.4	9.8	9.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,090	28,810	31,280	90.6	90.2	91.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,590	48,300	52,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,155	7,040	8,115	15.1	14.6	15.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,415	14,305	14,105	28.2	29.6	27.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,025	26,955	30,070	56.7	55.8	57.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,095	11,580	12,515	24.0	24.0	23.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,815	3,185	1,635	4.8	6.6	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,505	1,365	1,140	2.5	2.8	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,310	1,815	495	2.3	3.8	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,370	6,675	8,700	15.3	13.8	16.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,910	1,730	2,180	3.9	3.6	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	32,920	15,375	17,555	32.7	31.8	33.6
Bachelor's degree	23,000	10,550	12,450	22.9	21.8	23.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,235	990	1,245	2.2	2.0	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	605	295	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	6,230	3,035	3,200	6.2	6.3	6.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	845	505	345	0.8	1.0	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,330	31,945	34,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,685	2,845	2,835	8.6	8.9	8.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,720	8,180	7,540	23.7	25.6	21.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,930	20,920	24,010	67.7	65.5	69.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,595	8,530	9,070	26.5	26.7	26.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,210	2,165	1,050	4.8	6.8	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,590	895	700	2.4	2.8	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,620	1,270	350	2.4	4.0	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,510	5,065	6,445	17.4	15.9	18.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,875	1,300	1,575	4.3	4.1	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,335	12,395	14,945	41.2	38.8	43.5
Bachelor's degree	18,860	8,425	10,435	28.4	26.4	30.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,830	780	1,050	2.8	2.4	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	490	225	265	0.7	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	5,480	2,580	2,900	8.3	8.1	8.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	680	385	295	1.0	1.2	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	100,595	48,295	52,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,565	21,345	22,225	43.3	44.2	42.5
Education	2,805	680	2,125	2.8	1.4	4.1
13. Education	2,805	680	2,125	2.8	1.4	4.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,785	1,250	1,535	2.8	2.6	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	340	265	75	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,445	985	1,460	2.4	2.0	2.8
Humanities	3,430	1,175	2,250	3.4	2.4	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	565	135	425	0.6	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	745	195	555	0.7	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,375	500	880	1.4	1.0	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	145	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,905	2,515	4,395	6.9	5.2	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	875	345	530	0.9	0.7	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	860	90	770	0.9	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	790	260	530	0.8	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	160	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,255	360	895	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	2,855	1,350	1,505	2.8	2.8	2.9
Business, management and public administration	13,720	5,740	7,980	13.6	11.9	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	385	85	305	0.4	0.2	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,310	5,645	7,670	13.2	11.7	14.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,095	1,515	1,580	3.1	3.1	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,200	455	740	1.2	0.9	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	850	445	410	0.8	0.9	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	930	590	340	0.9	1.2	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,815	2,510	1,310	3.8	5.2	2.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,165	2,200	960	3.1	4.6	1.8
25. Library science	145	0	140	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	430	250	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,445	8,095	1,350	9.4	16.8	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	415	270	145	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	4,185	3,335	850	4.2	6.9	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,865	1,615	255	1.9	3.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,260	1,210	50	1.3	2.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,220	1,195	25	1.2	2.5	0.0
48. Precision production	490	470	20	0.5	1.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	785	375	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	460	180	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	325	190	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	7,745	1,920	5,825	7.7	4.0	11.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	505	330	175	0.5	0.7	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,095	1,535	5,560	7.1	3.2	10.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,475	1,175	1,305	2.5	2.4	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,895	720	1,175	1.9	1.5	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	175	120	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	395	325	70	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	66,330	31,940	34,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,400	11,020	10,380	32.3	34.5	30.2
Education	1,965	450	1,520	3.0	1.4	4.4
13. Education	1,965	450	1,520	3.0	1.4	4.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,250	1,015	1,240	3.4	3.2	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	265	215	50	0.4	0.7	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,985	800	1,190	3.0	2.5	3.5
Humanities	2,585	855	1,725	3.9	2.7	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	415	85	330	0.6	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	560	140	425	0.8	0.4	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,070	375	700	1.6	1.2	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	115	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
54. History	260	120	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,690	2,040	3,645	8.6	6.4	10.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	770	310	455	1.2	1.0	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	660	65	590	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	665	200	465	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,025	285	740	1.5	0.9	2.2
45. Social sciences	2,365	1,085	1,275	3.6	3.4	3.7
Business, management and public administration	11,060	4,490	6,570	16.7	14.1	19.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	300	45	250	0.5	0.1	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,750	4,430	6,315	16.2	13.9	18.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,365	1,140	1,230	3.6	3.6	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	960	350	610	1.4	1.1	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	615	320	295	0.9	1.0	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	700	440	255	1.1	1.4	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,285	2,180	1,110	5.0	6.8	3.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,805	1,970	830	4.2	6.2	2.4
25. Library science	115	0	110	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	315	175	145	0.5	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,210	6,025	1,175	10.9	18.9	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	335	195	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	3,435	2,665	770	5.2	8.3	2.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,415	1,210	200	2.1	3.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	910	870	45	1.4	2.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	790	780	10	1.2	2.4	0.0
48. Precision production	310	305	10	0.5	1.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	640	295	345	1.0	0.9	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400	150	245	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	145	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	5,970	1,505	4,470	9.0	4.7	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	370	255	120	0.6	0.8	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,485	1,215	4,275	8.3	3.8	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,895	920	975	2.9	2.9	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,435	555	880	2.2	1.7	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	140	100	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	325	265	60	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	66,330	31,940	34,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,400	11,020	10,380	32.3	34.5	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,930	20,920	24,010	67.7	65.5	69.8
Location of study inside Canada	28,570	13,865	14,705	43.1	43.4	42.8
Same as province or territory of residence	24,780	11,945	12,835	37.4	37.4	37.3
Different than province or territory of residence	3,795	1,925	1,870	5.7	6.0	5.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	16,360	7,060	9,305	24.7	22.1	27.1
Americas	2,260	1,080	1,185	3.4	3.4	3.4
United States of America	1,145	585	560	1.7	1.8	1.6
Mexico	430	215	215	0.6	0.7	0.6
Cuba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	320	130	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
Colombia	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	215	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	2,005	1,090	915	3.0	3.4	2.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	105	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Germany	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	115	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	170	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	190	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	615	355	260	0.9	1.1	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	215	115	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asia	11,615	4,660	6,950	17.5	14.6	20.2
Iran⁸⁸	130	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	2,900	1,230	1,670	4.4	3.9	4.9
Taiwan	560	180	380	0.8	0.6	1.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	525	195	330	0.8	0.6	1.0
Japan	400	75	330	0.6	0.2	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	460	170	285	0.7	0.5	0.8
Philippines	3,810	1,440	2,370	5.7	4.5	6.9
Viet Nam	190	50	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bangladesh	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	60	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
India	1,875	900	970	2.8	2.8	2.8
Pakistan	95	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	335	140	195	0.5	0.4	0.6
Oceania	265	110	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Australia	185	75	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	100,595	48,300	52,295	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,900	32,810	31,090	...	...	...
Employed	57,595	29,725	27,870	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,305	3,090	3,220	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,695	15,490	21,200	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.5	67.9	59.5	63.5	67.9	59.5
Employment rate	57.3	61.5	53.3	57.3	61.5	53.3
Unemployment rate	9.9	9.4	10.4	9.9	9.4	10.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	100,595	48,295	52,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,810	16,465	21,350	37.6	34.1	40.8
Worked	62,780	31,835	30,945	62.4	65.9	59.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,370	17,685	14,680	32.2	36.6	28.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,410	14,150	16,265	30.2	29.3	31.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2	41.0	39.3	40.2	41.0	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,900	32,810	31,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,475	750	730	2.3	2.3	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,420	32,060	30,360	97.7	97.7	97.7
Employee	53,425	26,490	26,935	83.6	80.7	86.6
Permanent position	44,765	22,545	22,225	70.1	68.7	71.5
Temporary position	8,660	3,955	4,715	13.6	12.1	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,370	1,540	1,830	5.3	4.7	5.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,290	2,410	2,880	8.3	7.3	9.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,995	5,570	3,425	14.1	17.0	11.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,900	32,810	31,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,475	750	730	2.3	2.3	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,420	32,060	30,360	97.7	97.7	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	480	305	180	0.8	0.9	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,735	3,895	7,840	18.4	11.9	25.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,400	4,875	1,530	10.0	14.9	4.9
3 Health occupations	4,790	1,150	3,635	7.5	3.5	11.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,075	2,010	4,075	9.5	6.1	13.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,435	1,220	1,215	3.8	3.7	3.9
6 Sales and service occupations	18,190	8,460	9,730	28.5	25.8	31.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,330	8,345	985	14.6	25.4	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	590	420	165	0.9	1.3	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,390	1,385	1,005	3.7	4.2	3.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,900	32,810	31,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,475	750	730	2.3	2.3	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	62,420	32,060	30,360	97.7	97.7	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	365	195	165	0.6	0.6	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	375	275	105	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	4,320	3,760	560	6.8	11.5	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,995	2,510	1,485	6.3	7.7	4.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,335	1,530	805	3.7	4.7	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	7,360	3,505	3,855	11.5	10.7	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,795	2,815	980	5.9	8.6	3.2
51 Information and cultural industries	2,020	1,265	750	3.2	3.9	2.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,905	1,325	1,580	4.5	4.0	5.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,430	760	670	2.2	2.3	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,565	3,785	2,775	10.3	11.5	8.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	155	55	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,810	1,505	1,305	4.4	4.6	4.2
61 Educational services	4,165	1,510	2,650	6.5	4.6	8.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,680	1,665	6,015	12.0	5.1	19.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,060	585	475	1.7	1.8	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	5,465	2,630	2,840	8.6	8.0	9.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,060	1,135	1,925	4.8	3.5	6.2
91 Public administration	2,460	1,180	1,280	3.8	3.6	4.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	68,275	34,640	33,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,740	29,050	27,690	83.1	83.9	82.3
French	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	3,285	1,680	1,605	4.8	4.8	4.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,280	1,680	1,595	4.8	4.8	4.7
English and French	340	140	200	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	7,380	3,495	3,885	10.8	10.1	11.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	415	230	185	0.6	0.7	0.6
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	68,275	34,640	33,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	66,685	33,890	32,790	97.7	97.8	97.5
Official languages	61,165	31,175	29,990	89.6	90.0	89.2
English	61,075	31,155	29,915	89.5	89.9	88.9
French	90	20	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	5,515	2,715	2,805	8.1	7.8	8.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,515	2,715	2,800	8.1	7.8	8.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	70	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	70	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	495	270	220	0.7	0.8	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	345	200	145	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	340	200	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	320	195	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	25	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	185	110	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,420	2,180	2,240	6.5	6.3	6.7
Chinese languages	4,420	2,180	2,240	6.5	6.3	6.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,445	705	740	2.1	2.0	2.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,940	1,460	1,485	4.3	4.2	4.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,590	745	845	2.3	2.2	2.5
English and French	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,460	680	780	2.1	2.0	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	68,275	34,640	33,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,360	31,365	29,990	89.9	90.5	89.2
English	1,510	660	850	2.2	1.9	2.5
French	260	115	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	3,880	1,890	1,985	5.7	5.5	5.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,865	1,880	1,985	5.7	5.4	5.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	400	175	220	0.6	0.5	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	835	410	425	1.2	1.2	1.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,590	29,720	27,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,805	6,875	6,930	24.0	23.1	24.9
Worked outside Canada	160	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	8,010	5,805	2,205	13.9	19.5	7.9
Usual place of work	35,615	16,940	18,675	61.8	57.0	67.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,615	16,940	18,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,410	7,530	9,885	48.9	44.5	52.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,835	9,150	8,680	50.1	54.0	46.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	270	200	75	0.8	1.2	0.4
Commute to a different province or territory	100	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,625	22,745	20,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	30,785	17,340	13,440	70.6	76.2	64.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,695	16,370	11,320	63.5	72.0	54.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,090	970	2,120	7.1	4.3	10.2
Public transit	10,235	4,090	6,145	23.5	18.0	29.4
Walked	1,335	535	800	3.1	2.4	3.8
Bicycle	540	395	140	1.2	1.7	0.7
Other method	740	385	355	1.7	1.7	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,625	22,745	20,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,085	2,940	3,150	13.9	12.9	15.1
15 to 29 minutes	16,885	8,960	7,925	38.7	39.4	38.0
30 to 44 minutes	13,300	7,325	5,980	30.5	32.2	28.6
45 to 59 minutes	4,320	2,110	2,210	9.9	9.3	10.6
60 minutes and over	3,030	1,420	1,610	6.9	6.2	7.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,625	22,745	20,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,185	1,480	705	5.0	6.5	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,050	3,455	2,600	13.9	15.2	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,460	4,790	4,680	21.7	21.1	22.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,505	4,550	4,950	21.8	20.0	23.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,285	4,470	4,810	21.3	19.7	23.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,135	4,005	3,130	16.4	17.6	15.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,985	9,950	9,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,065	565	500	5.6	5.7	5.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,920	9,385	8,535	94.4	94.3	94.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,710	7,220	6,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	855	460	395	6.2	6.4	6.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	625	325	295	4.6	4.5	4.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	235	130	100	1.7	1.8	1.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,855	6,765	6,090	93.8	93.7	93.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 26, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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