Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	YukonMore information: [Territory]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	40,232
Population, 2016¹	35,874
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	12.1
Total private dwellings²	19,610
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,181
Population density per square kilometre	0.1
Land area in square kilometres	472,345.44
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	40,230
0 to 14 years	6,820
0 to 4 years	2,175
5 to 9 years	2,375
10 to 14 years	2,275
15 to 64 years	27,360
15 to 19 years	2,085
20 to 24 years	2,140
25 to 29 years	2,705
30 to 34 years	3,415
35 to 39 years	3,425
40 to 44 years	2,840
45 to 49 years	2,615
50 to 54 years	2,460
55 to 59 years	2,805
60 to 64 years	2,880
65 years and over	6,050
65 to 69 years	2,370
70 to 74 years	1,765
75 to 79 years	1,025
80 to 84 years	505
85 years and over	385
85 to 89 years	255
90 to 94 years	110
95 to 99 years	20
100 years and over	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0
15 to 64 years	68.0
65 years and over	15.0
85 years and over	1.0
Average age of the population	39.9
Median age of the population	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,180
Single-detached house	10,355
Semi-detached house	1,270
Row house	1,250
Apartment or flat in a duplex	700
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,980
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	55
Other single-attached house	125
Movable dwelling⁴	1,445
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,185
1 person	5,615
2 persons	5,800
3 persons	2,500
4 persons	2,100
5 or more persons	1,165
Number of persons in private households	39,585
Average household size	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	33,410
Married or living common-law	18,280
Married	12,450
Living common-law	5,830
Living common law - Never married	4,625
Living common law - Separated	155
Living common law - Divorced	960
Living common law - Widowed	95
Not married and not living common-law	15,135
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,650
Not married and not living common law - Separated	795
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,435
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,250
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,925
2 persons	5,995
3 persons	2,255
4 persons	1,900
5 or more persons	780
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,925
Total couple families	8,880
Married couples	5,965
With children⁶	3,045
Without children	2,915
Common-law couples	2,915
With children⁶	1,100
Without children	1,815
Total one-parent families	2,045
in which the parent is a woman+	1,500
in which the parent is a man+	550
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	39,585
Total - Persons in census families	30,465
Married spouses or common-law partners	17,760
Parents in one-parent families	2,045
Children⁶	10,660
In a two-parent family	7,520
In a one-parent family	3,140
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,120
Living alone	5,615
Living with other relatives⁷	990
Living with non-relatives only	2,515
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,180
One-census-family households without additional persons	9,465
Couple-family households	7,865
With children⁶	3,690
Without children	4,175
One-parent-family households	1,605
Multigenerational households⁸	355
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	690
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	945
One-person households	5,620
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	32,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,810
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,825
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,555
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,135
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,060
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,065
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,390
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	32,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,810
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,825
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,750
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,510
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,140
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,050
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,225
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,135
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,205
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	32,775
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,095
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,765
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	32,780
Without total income	970
With total income	31,810
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,035
$10,000 to $19,999	2,490
$20,000 to $29,999	3,670
$30,000 to $39,999	3,340
$40,000 to $49,999	3,025
$50,000 to $59,999	2,625
$60,000 to $69,999	2,570
$70,000 to $79,999	2,535
$80,000 to $89,999	2,180
$90,000 to $99,999	1,940
$100,000 and over	5,405
$100,000 to $149,999	4,095
$150,000 and over	1,310
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	32,780
Without after-tax income	955
With after-tax income	31,825
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,130
$10,000 to $19,999	2,570
$20,000 to $29,999	4,105
$30,000 to $39,999	3,870
$40,000 to $49,999	3,470
$50,000 to $59,999	3,185
$60,000 to $69,999	3,290
$70,000 to $79,999	2,785
$80,000 to $89,999	2,165
$90,000 to $99,999	1,445
$100,000 and over	2,810
$100,000 to $124,999	1,720
$125,000 and over	1,095
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	32,780
Without employment income	6,640
With employment income	26,135
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,920
$5,000 to $9,999	1,505
$10,000 to $19,999	2,345
$20,000 to $29,999	1,945
$30,000 to $39,999	2,020
$40,000 to $49,999	1,920
$50,000 to $59,999	1,825
$60,000 to $69,999	2,000
$70,000 to $79,999	2,020
$80,000 to $89,999	1,765
$90,000 to $99,999	1,655
$100,000 and over	4,215
$100,000 to $124,999	2,375
$125,000 and over	1,840
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	32,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,420
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,435
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,425
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,370
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,680
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,975
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	32,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,485
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,500
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,250
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,555
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,505
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,875
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,985
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	32,775
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,000
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,465
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	91.2
Employment income (%)	77.0
Government transfers (%)	8.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,185
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,620
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,565
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,180
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,900
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	101,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,620
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,000
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,250
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,560
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,180
Under $5,000	160
$5,000 to $9,999	80
$10,000 to $14,999	125
$15,000 to $19,999	305
$20,000 to $24,999	590
$25,000 to $29,999	495
$30,000 to $34,999	465
$35,000 to $39,999	475
$40,000 to $44,999	500
$45,000 to $49,999	480
$50,000 to $59,999	905
$60,000 to $69,999	1,015
$70,000 to $79,999	1,040
$80,000 to $89,999	975
$90,000 to $99,999	955
$100,000 and over	8,620
$100,000 to $124,999	2,110
$125,000 to $149,999	1,580
$150,000 to $199,999	2,490
$200,000 and over	2,435
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,180
Under $5,000	175
$5,000 to $9,999	85
$10,000 to $14,999	125
$15,000 to $19,999	305
$20,000 to $24,999	610
$25,000 to $29,999	555
$30,000 to $34,999	495
$35,000 to $39,999	585
$40,000 to $44,999	540
$45,000 to $49,999	550
$50,000 to $59,999	1,135
$60,000 to $69,999	1,280
$70,000 to $79,999	1,220
$80,000 to $89,999	1,150
$90,000 to $99,999	1,060
$100,000 and over	7,300
$100,000 to $124,999	2,130
$125,000 to $149,999	1,735
$150,000 and over	3,435
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,845
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,420
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,160
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,920
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,860
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	144,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,410
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	136,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,190
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,870
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,500
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,200
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,990
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	39,585
0 to 17 years	8,085
0 to 5 years	2,675
18 to 64 years	25,750
65 years and over	5,755
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,990
0 to 17 years	625
0 to 5 years	230
18 to 64 years	1,610
65 years and over	760
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.7
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3
65 years and over (%)	13.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0
0 to 17 years	0
0 to 5 years	0
18 to 64 years	0
65 years and over	0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0
0 to 17 years	0
0 to 5 years	0
18 to 64 years	0
65 years and over	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x
65 years and over (%)	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	39,585
In bottom half of the distribution	13,990
In bottom decile	2,890
In second decile	2,625
In third decile	2,710
In fourth decile	2,680
In fifth decile	3,085
In top half of the distribution	25,595
In sixth decile	3,440
In seventh decile	3,965
In eighth decile	5,025
In ninth decile	6,260
In top decile	6,910
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	39,585
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.382
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	39,840
English only	33,950
French only	85
English and French	5,660
Neither English nor French	145
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	39,840
English	37,720
French	1,810
English and French	170
Neither English nor French	140
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	39,840
Single responses	38,490
Official languages	33,780
English	31,995
French	1,785
Non-official languages	4,705
Indigenous languages³⁹	325
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	15
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	290
Northern Athabaskan languages	235
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5
Gwich'in	55
Slavey-Hare languages	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	5
Tahltan languages	60
Kaska (Nahani)	60
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	115
Northern Tutchone	70
Southern Tutchone	25
Tutchone, n.o.s.	25
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	5
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	5
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5
Non-Indigenous languages	4,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	90
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	30
Bilen	0
Oromo	5
Somali	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	60
Amharic	15
Arabic	40
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,265
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	80
Fijian	10
Hiligaynon	70
Ilocano	50
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	985
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	100
Kannada	0
Malayalam	75
Tamil	15
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	2,130
Albanian	10
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	280
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	275
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	70
Macedonian	0
Polish	50
Russian	75
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	20
Bosnian	5
Croatian	15
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5
Celtic languages	15
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	870
Frisian	0
High German languages	715
German	600
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	115
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	105
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	35
Danish	10
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	10
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	645
Indo-Aryan languages	620
Assamese	0
Bengali	35
Gujarati	45
Hindi	65
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	410
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	25
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	20
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	300
Catalan	0
Italian	30
Portuguese	25
Romanian	10
Spanish	235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	135
Korean	65
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	45
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	5
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	345
Chinese languages	345
Hakka	0
Mandarin	130
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	200
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30
Lao	0
Thai	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	60
Estonian	0
Finnish	15
Hungarian	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,355
English and French	440
English and non-official language(s)	785
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	80
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	39,840
English	33,040
French	740
Non-official language	955
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	940
English and French	1,275
English and non-official language(s)	3,555
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	175
Multiple non-official languages	80
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	39,840
Single responses	38,955
Official languages	36,715
English	35,685
French	1,035
Non-official languages	2,235
Indigenous languages³⁹	25
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	20
Northern Athabaskan languages	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	5
Kaska (Nahani)	5
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	10
Northern Tutchone	5
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,210
Afro-Asiatic languages	40
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	15
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	25
Amharic	5
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	800
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	50
Fijian	5
Hiligaynon	55
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	645
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	85
Kannada	5
Malayalam	65
Tamil	15
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	880
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	75
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	20
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	45
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	195
Frisian	0
High German languages	185
German	125
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	55
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	495
Indo-Aryan languages	485
Assamese	0
Bengali	35
Gujarati	35
Hindi	35
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	335
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	75
Korean	25
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	5
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	225
Chinese languages	225
Hakka	0
Mandarin	75
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	140
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	885
English and French	245
English and non-official language(s)	600
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	25
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	39,840
None	35,465
English	1,260
French	800
Non-official language	1,810
Indigenous³⁹	365
Non-Indigenous	1,450
English and French	15
English and non-official language(s)	220
French and non-official language(s)	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	175
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	39,585
Official languages	39,430
English	39,345
French	5,740
Non-official languages	7,425
Indigenous languages³⁹	815
Algonquian languages	40
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	40
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	35
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	25
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	705
Northern Athabaskan languages	570
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	70
Slavey-Hare languages	20
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	10
Tahltan languages	200
Kaska (Nahani)	200
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	280
Northern Tutchone	130
Southern Tutchone	130
Tutchone, n.o.s.	30
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	15
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	10
Inuktitut	40
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	20
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10
Non-Indigenous languages	6,625
Afro-Asiatic languages	95
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	20
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	70
Amharic	10
Arabic	35
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,680
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35
Cebuano	195
Fijian	30
Hiligaynon	115
Ilocano	105
Indonesian	25
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,540
Waray-Waray	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30
Creole languages	25
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15
Dravidian languages	195
Kannada	0
Malayalam	140
Tamil	45
Telugu	35
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	3,735
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	325
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	325
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	90
Macedonian	0
Polish	55
Russian	90
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	20
Bosnian	0
Croatian	20
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	20
Ukrainian	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	30
Irish	15
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,340
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,105
German	1,060
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	95
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	175
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	165
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	115
Danish	30
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	40
Swedish	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	45
Indo-Iranian languages	820
Indo-Aryan languages	795
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	65
Hindi	465
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	490
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,320
Catalan	0
Italian	60
Portuguese	25
Romanian	30
Spanish	1,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10
Japanese	185
Korean	80
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	125
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	15
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	20
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	15
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	10
Sign languages	75
American Sign Language	70
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	485
Chinese languages	485
Hakka	0
Mandarin	260
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	285
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	10
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	25
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	25
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	80
Estonian	0
Finnish	15
Hungarian	60
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	39,590
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	8,810
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,485
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,935
Métis	1,285
Inuk (Inuit)	260
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	190
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	135
Non-Indigenous identity	30,780
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	39,590
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,145
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,445
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,180
Owner	11,065
Renter	5,530
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	585
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,180
Condominium	2,055
Not condominium	15,125
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,180
No bedrooms	245
1 bedroom	2,885
2 bedrooms	4,705
3 bedrooms	5,995
4 or more bedrooms	3,355
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,180
1 to 4 rooms	6,360
5 rooms	3,025
6 rooms	2,615
7 rooms	1,945
8 or more rooms	3,230
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,180
One person or fewer per room	16,775
More than one person per room	400
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,180
Suitable	16,260
Not suitable	920
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,180
1960 or before	1,275
1961 to 1980	4,705
1981 to 1990	2,365
1991 to 2000	2,820
2001 to 2005	990
2006 to 2010	1,420
2011 to 2015	1,625
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,975
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,180
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	15,075
Major repairs needed	2,105
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,180
One-maintainer household	9,080
Two-maintainer household	7,200
Three-or-more-maintainer household	900
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,180
15 to 24 years	425
25 to 34 years	2,795
35 to 44 years	3,345
45 to 54 years	3,050
55 to 64 years	3,645
65 to 74 years	2,725
75 to 84 years	935
85 years and over	260
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	16,490
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,825
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,665
30% to less than 100%	2,470
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,180
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,190
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,280
Not suitable only	725
Major repairs needed only	1,655
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	330
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10
Acceptable housing	11,995
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	16,295
In core need	2,135
Not in core need	14,160
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,000
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.8
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,460
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	488,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,530
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	24.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.9
% in core housing need⁶³	23.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	585
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.0
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	324
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	420
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	39,585
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,750
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,565
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,275
Métis single ancestry	155
Inuit single ancestry	135
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	190
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	120
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	60
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,395
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,300
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,305
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	885
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	30,440
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	39,585
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,545
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,910
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	28,640
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	39,585
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	33,280
Immigrants⁸¹	5,385
Before 1980	1,100
1980 to 1990	390
1991 to 2000	680
2001 to 2010	1,055
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,160
2011 to 2015	1,030
2016 to 2021	1,125
Non-permanent residents⁸³	925
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,385
Under 5 years	455
5 to 14 years	840
15 to 24 years	1,030
25 to 44 years	2,610
45 years and over	445
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,385
Americas	775
Brazil	10
Colombia	15
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	40
Mexico	65
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10
United States of America	530
Other places of birth in Americas	100
Europe	1,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	20
France	175
Germany	475
Greece	10
Hungary	25
Italy	10
Netherlands	100
Poland	35
Portugal	10
Romania	30
Russian Federation	40
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	525
Other places of birth in Europe	430
Africa	200
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	10
Eritrea	10
Ethiopia	15
Morocco	10
Nigeria	30
Somalia	15
South Africa, Republic of	15
Other places of birth in Africa	100
Asia	2,380
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	10
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	15
China⁹⁰	230
Hong Kong⁹¹	30
Korea, South⁹²	65
Taiwan	15
Philippines	1,405
Viet Nam	40
Bangladesh	0
India	360
Pakistan	55
Sri Lanka	15
Other places of birth in Asia	125
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	140
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,125
Americas	140
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Mexico	40
United States of America	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	35
Europe	260
France	40
Germany	75
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55
Other places of birth in Europe	80
Africa	60
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	15
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20
Asia	630
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	260
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	40
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	25
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	25
Philippines	230
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15
Oceania and other⁹³	35
Australia	25
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	39,585
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,650
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,335
Third generation or more¹⁰²	26,600
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,285
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,955
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,580
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,375
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,155
Refugees¹⁰⁸	140
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,285
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	85
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,230
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	385
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,480
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	39,590
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,065
South Asian	1,035
Chinese	640
Black	560
Filipino	1,945
Arab	20
Latin American	235
Southeast Asian	170
West Asian	25
Korean	85
Japanese	175
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25
Multiple visible minorities	140
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	34,520
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	39,585
Canadian	4,680
English	9,105
Irish	7,440
Scottish	8,375
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,245
German	5,325
Chinese	835
Italian	710
Indian (India)	710
Ukrainian	1,975
Dutch	1,825
Polish	985
Québécois	155
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,330
Filipino	1,780
French Canadian	600
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	940
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,545
Métis	1,235
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	955
Russian	660
Norwegian	1,490
Welsh	1,150
Portuguese	95
American	655
Spanish	395
Swedish	865
Hungarian	400
Acadian	260
Pakistani	85
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80
Jewish	230
Punjabi	145
Vietnamese	90
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40
Greek	65
Jamaican	70
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	200
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	455
Korean	100
Romanian	180
Lebanese	85
Iranian	20
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	65
Danish	440
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	500
Sikh	115
Austrian	310
Belgian	305
Haitian	10
Hindu	45
Mexican	145
Mennonite	235
Swiss	435
Finnish	370
Sri Lankan	20
Croatian	130
Japanese	275
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	245
Muslim	35
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25
Tamil	10
Icelandic	245
Colombian	25
Moroccan	0
Czech	220
Syrian	0
Guyanese	20
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60
Serbian	25
Ojibway	100
Newfoundlander	135
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	85
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20
Turkish	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	190
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	20
Brazilian	10
Nigerian	45
Armenian	15
Slovak	115
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95
Somali	20
Taiwanese	25
Iraqi	15
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	100
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30
Lithuanian	100
South African	20
Australian	80
Palestinian	0
Chilean	75
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	65
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	10
Albanian	0
Maltese	40
Macedonian	20
Slovenian	30
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45
New Brunswicker	30
Gujarati	25
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	10
Mohawk	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30
Bulgarian	15
Albertan	30
Ghanaian	75
Barbadian	10
African American	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	80
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	40
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	35
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	80
Laotian	0
Ilocano	55
Northern Irish	65
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90
British Columbian	40
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	10
Estonian	10
Kurdish	10
Fijian	35
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30
Coptic	0
Thai	45
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50
Abenaki	15
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20
New Zealander	50
Sudanese	0
Breton	25
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	15
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	10
Saskatchewanian	25
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	20
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	25
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	10
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	40
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	15
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	15
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	10
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	35
Burmese	0
Mongolian	10
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	10
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	10
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	25
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	25
Costa Rican	20
African Nova Scotian	10
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	39,590
Buddhist	260
Christian	13,860
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,560
Anabaptist	50
Anglican	1,995
Baptist	645
Catholic	5,690
Christian Orthodox	130
Jehovah's Witness	135
Latter Day Saints	70
Lutheran	395
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	105
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	270
Presbyterian	125
Reformed	35
United Church	955
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	700
Hindu	265
Jewish	70
Muslim	185
Sikh	380
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	325
Other religions and spiritual traditions	600
No religion and secular perspectives	23,640
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	39,175
Non-movers	33,205
Movers	5,965
Non-migrants	3,895
Migrants	2,070
Internal migrants	1,825
Intraprovincial migrants	480
Interprovincial migrants	1,340
External migrants	245
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	37,410
Non-movers	20,500
Movers	16,910
Non-migrants	7,920
Migrants	8,990
Internal migrants	7,490
Intraprovincial migrants	2,465
Interprovincial migrants	5,020
External migrants	1,505
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,775
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,840
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	26,940
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,895
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,815
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,075
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,775
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,860
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,555
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,145
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,095
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,050
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,270
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,170
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,965
Bachelor's degree	5,625
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	520
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160
Master's degree	2,415
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,895
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,230
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,490
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,950
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,195
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	740
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,460
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,855
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	900
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,540
Bachelor's degree	4,695
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	445
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125
Master's degree	2,090
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,780
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,225
Education	1,635
13. Education	1,635
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	530
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40
50. Visual and performing arts	490
Humanities	1,075
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110
23. English language and literature/letters	200
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	110
54. History	180
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,600
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	455
22. Legal professions and studies	295
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105
42. Psychology	350
45. Social sciences	1,055
Business, management and public administration	3,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	605
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,890
Physical and life sciences and technologies	975
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	450
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35
40. Physical sciences	250
41. Science technologies/technicians	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	480
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	350
25. Library science	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,880
04. Architecture and related services	170
14. Engineering	605
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	625
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10
46. Construction trades	1,255
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	965
48. Precision production	255
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,070
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	260
03. Natural resources and conservation	810
Health and related fields	2,475
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,120
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,335
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	710
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	290
49. Transportation and materials moving	330
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,895
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,405
Education	1,255
13. Education	1,255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35
50. Visual and performing arts	385
Humanities	780
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80
23. English language and literature/letters	150
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	75
54. History	145
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,165
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	335
22. Legal professions and studies	255
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100
42. Psychology	295
45. Social sciences	885
Business, management and public administration	2,775
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	480
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,295
Physical and life sciences and technologies	825
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20
40. Physical sciences	205
41. Science technologies/technicians	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	435
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	320
25. Library science	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,825
04. Architecture and related services	140
14. Engineering	510
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	440
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	915
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	685
48. Precision production	135
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	905
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	210
03. Natural resources and conservation	695
Health and related fields	2,070
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,785
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,050
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	560
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	250
49. Transportation and materials moving	245
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	22,895
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,490
Location of study inside Canada	12,730
Same as province or territory of residence	2,880
Different than province or territory of residence	9,850
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,760
Americas	490
United States of America	405
Mexico	35
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	20
Europe	920
Belgium	40
France	155
Germany	215
Netherlands	50
Switzerland	75
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	10
Romania	0
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	15
Ireland⁹⁶	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	205
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	130
Africa	65
Nigeria	30
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	10
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	25
Asia	1,160
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	20
China⁹⁰	40
Taiwan	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	45
Korea, South⁹²	20
Philippines	730
Viet Nam	15
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	200
Pakistan	35
Other locations of study in Asia	30
Oceania	130
Australia	95
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	32,775
In the labour force	23,515
Employed	21,905
Unemployed	1,610
Not in the labour force	9,260
Participation rate	71.7
Employment rate	66.8
Unemployment rate	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	32,780
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,935
Worked	23,845
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,415
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,430
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,520
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	23,140
Employee	19,945
Permanent position	15,505
Temporary position	4,440
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,395
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,050
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,190
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,520
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380
All occupations¹⁹¹	23,140
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	420
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,215
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,635
3 Health occupations	1,525
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,420
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	805
6 Sales and service occupations	4,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,270
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	715
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	400
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,520
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380
All industries¹⁹¹	23,140
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	365
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	675
22 Utilities	215
23 Construction	2,045
31-33 Manufacturing	300
41 Wholesale trade	290
44-45 Retail trade	2,230
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	865
51 Information and cultural industries	555
52 Finance and insurance	320
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	300
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	610
61 Educational services	1,730
62 Health care and social assistance	2,745
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	635
72 Accommodation and food services	1,285
81 Other services (except public administration)	945
91 Public administration	5,785
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	25,520
English	24,080
French	225
Non-official language	60
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	60
English and French	705
English and non-official language(s)	425
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	25,520
Single responses	25,380
Official languages	25,290
English	24,970
French	315
Non-official languages	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	15
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	25
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	15
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	10
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50
Chinese languages	50
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	140
English and French	90
English and non-official language(s)	50
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	25,520
None	24,485
English	125
French	540
Non-official language	345
Indigenous³⁹	125
Non-Indigenous	220
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	21,905
Worked at home	2,495
Worked outside Canada	15
No fixed workplace address	2,615
Usual place of work	16,785
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,780
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,205
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0
Commute to a different province or territory	770
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	19,395
Car, truck or van	16,410
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,050
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,360
Public transit	485
Walked	1,675
Bicycle	470
Other method	360
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	19,395
Less than 15 minutes	10,020
15 to 29 minutes	7,180
30 to 44 minutes	1,275
45 to 59 minutes	435
60 minutes and over	485
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	19,395
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	520
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,060
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,045
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,875
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,120
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,780
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,160
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,050
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,845
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	810
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	235
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,030

Symbol legend

x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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