Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Roussillon, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	185,568	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	171,443	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	74,232	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	72,650	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	441.4	...	...	441.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	420.44	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	185,565	91,280	94,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	35,280	18,060	17,220	19.0	19.8	18.3
0 to 4 years	10,115	5,185	4,935	5.5	5.7	5.2
5 to 9 years	12,145	6,190	5,955	6.5	6.8	6.3
10 to 14 years	13,015	6,680	6,335	7.0	7.3	6.7
15 to 64 years	118,940	58,950	59,990	64.1	64.6	63.6
15 to 19 years	11,315	5,860	5,460	6.1	6.4	5.8
20 to 24 years	9,125	4,765	4,360	4.9	5.2	4.6
25 to 29 years	9,095	4,595	4,500	4.9	5.0	4.8
30 to 34 years	10,590	5,010	5,575	5.7	5.5	5.9
35 to 39 years	12,505	5,980	6,520	6.7	6.6	6.9
40 to 44 years	14,270	6,900	7,370	7.7	7.6	7.8
45 to 49 years	13,360	6,670	6,695	7.2	7.3	7.1
50 to 54 years	12,675	6,305	6,365	6.8	6.9	6.8
55 to 59 years	13,520	6,735	6,785	7.3	7.4	7.2
60 to 64 years	12,500	6,135	6,365	6.7	6.7	6.8
65 years and over	31,345	14,270	17,075	16.9	15.6	18.1
65 to 69 years	9,795	4,660	5,135	5.3	5.1	5.4
70 to 74 years	8,195	3,825	4,375	4.4	4.2	4.6
75 to 79 years	6,135	2,840	3,295	3.3	3.1	3.5
80 to 84 years	3,920	1,650	2,275	2.1	1.8	2.4
85 years and over	3,305	1,300	2,000	1.8	1.4	2.1
85 to 89 years	2,230	945	1,290	1.2	1.0	1.4
90 to 94 years	915	325	590	0.5	0.4	0.6
95 to 99 years	140	35	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	19.8	18.3	19.0	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	64.1	64.6	63.6	64.1	64.6	63.6
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.1	1.8	1.4	2.1
Average age of the population	40.7	39.9	41.5	40.7	39.9	41.5
Median age of the population	41.6	40.8	42.4	41.6	40.8	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	43,825	...	...	60.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,520	...	...	6.2	...	...
Row house	2,355	...	...	3.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,100	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,420	...	...	25.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	645	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	595	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	18,535	...	...	25.5	...	...
2 persons	24,375	...	...	33.6	...	...
3 persons	11,905	...	...	16.4	...	...
4 persons	11,920	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	5,915	...	...	8.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	182,785	90,175	92,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	150,290	73,225	77,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	91,055	45,460	45,595	60.6	62.1	59.2
Married	55,895	27,930	27,970	37.2	38.1	36.3
Living common-law	35,155	17,535	17,625	23.4	23.9	22.9
Living common law - Never married	28,185	13,975	14,210	18.8	19.1	18.4
Living common law - Separated	405	215	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	5,950	3,055	2,900	4.0	4.2	3.8
Living common law - Widowed	615	280	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	59,235	27,760	31,470	39.4	37.9	40.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	40,770	21,755	19,010	27.1	29.7	24.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,025	865	1,155	1.3	1.2	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,135	3,425	5,710	6.1	4.7	7.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,315	1,715	5,600	4.9	2.3	7.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	53,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	25,110	...	...	47.1	...	...
3 persons	11,745	...	...	22.0	...	...
4 persons	11,730	...	...	22.0	...	...
5 or more persons	4,745	...	...	8.9	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	53,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	44,740	...	...	83.9	...	...
Married couples	27,165	...	...	50.9	...	...
With children⁶	14,560	...	...	27.3	...	...
Without children	12,605	...	...	23.6	...	...
Common-law couples	17,570	...	...	32.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,960	...	...	18.7	...	...
Without children	7,615	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	8,595	...	...	16.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,210	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,375	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	182,785	90,175	92,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	157,530	78,600	78,930	86.2	87.2	85.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	89,480	44,665	44,820	49.0	49.5	48.4
Parents in one-parent families	8,590	2,380	6,215	4.7	2.6	6.7
Children⁶	59,455	31,560	27,895	32.5	35.0	30.1
In a two-parent family	45,985	24,185	21,805	25.2	26.8	23.5
In a one-parent family	13,470	7,380	6,095	7.4	8.2	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,260	11,575	13,680	13.8	12.8	14.8
Living alone	18,530	8,295	10,240	10.1	9.2	11.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,395	1,400	2,000	1.9	1.6	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	3,330	1,885	1,445	1.8	2.1	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	48,980	...	...	67.4	...	...
Couple-family households	41,670	...	...	57.4	...	...
With children⁶	22,870	...	...	31.5	...	...
Without children	18,800	...	...	25.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	7,310	...	...	10.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,505	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	260	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,695	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,680	...	...	2.3	...	...
One-person households	18,535	...	...	25.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	147,535	72,135	75,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	143,030	69,995	73,035	96.9	97.0	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	50,800	41,200	45,600	50,800	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	143,080	70,025	73,055	97.0	97.1	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	43,600	36,400	40,000	43,600	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	131,560	65,650	65,915	89.2	91.0	87.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,000	32,000	38,800	46,000	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	109,500	56,055	53,445	74.2	77.7	70.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,800	36,800	42,400	48,800	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	113,630	51,140	62,490	77.0	70.9	82.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	9,100	11,500	10,500	9,100	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,575	8,130	8,440	11.2	11.3	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,480	5,880	5,560	5,480	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,165	20,670	19,500	27.2	28.7	25.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	147,540	72,135	75,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	143,030	70,085	72,945	96.9	97.2	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,850	63,550	48,440	55,850	63,550	48,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	143,070	70,105	72,965	97.0	97.2	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,000	49,600	40,560	45,000	49,600	40,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	131,700	65,735	65,965	89.3	91.1	87.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,280	59,250	41,320	50,280	59,250	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	109,500	56,130	53,365	74.2	77.8	70.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,850	59,100	44,200	51,850	59,100	44,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	113,615	51,170	62,440	77.0	70.9	82.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,050	10,950	12,940	12,050	10,950	12,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,835	8,325	8,515	11.4	11.5	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,140	6,005	8,250	7,140	6,005	8,250
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,815	20,595	19,225	27.0	28.6	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,080	7,770	8,410	8,080	7,770	8,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	147,535	72,135	75,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	56,880	30,480	26,395	38.6	42.3	35.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	70,500	58,400	65,000	70,500	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,600	82,000	66,000	74,600	82,000	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	41,695	19,900	21,795	28.3	27.6	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	22,200	17,400	19,200	22,200	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	36,760	25,220	30,720	36,760	25,220
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.8	87.4	77.2	82.8	87.4	77.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.4	66.8	71.0	74.4	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.1	12.6	22.9	17.1	12.6	22.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.1	2.0	1.5	1.1	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.7	4.0	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.6	4.6	4.0	3.6	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	147,540	72,135	75,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,505	2,140	2,365	3.1	3.0	3.1
With total income	143,030	69,995	73,035	96.9	97.0	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,775	4,315	5,460	6.8	6.2	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	14,920	5,840	9,080	10.4	8.3	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	20,260	8,530	11,730	14.2	12.2	16.1
$30,000 to $39,999	16,810	7,585	9,225	11.8	10.8	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	17,155	8,010	9,140	12.0	11.4	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	14,930	7,120	7,810	10.4	10.2	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	12,145	6,435	5,705	8.5	9.2	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	9,365	5,170	4,200	6.5	7.4	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	7,460	4,145	3,320	5.2	5.9	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	5,245	3,005	2,245	3.7	4.3	3.1
$100,000 and over	14,960	9,835	5,130	10.5	14.1	7.0
$100,000 to $149,999	10,710	6,820	3,890	7.5	9.7	5.3
$150,000 and over	4,245	3,010	1,235	3.0	4.3	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	147,540	72,135	75,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,460	2,110	2,350	3.0	2.9	3.1
With after-tax income	143,080	70,025	73,060	97.0	97.1	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,445	4,520	5,925	7.3	6.5	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	15,885	6,305	9,580	11.1	9.0	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	23,640	10,195	13,450	16.5	14.6	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	21,790	10,260	11,530	15.2	14.7	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	21,315	10,410	10,905	14.9	14.9	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	16,700	8,815	7,885	11.7	12.6	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	12,040	6,530	5,505	8.4	9.3	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	7,815	4,355	3,460	5.5	6.2	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,830	2,885	1,940	3.4	4.1	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,870	1,820	1,055	2.0	2.6	1.4
$100,000 and over	5,750	3,925	1,825	4.0	5.6	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,065	2,005	1,060	2.1	2.9	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,685	1,920	765	1.9	2.7	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	147,540	72,135	75,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	38,040	16,080	21,960	25.8	22.3	29.1
With employment income	109,500	56,060	53,440	74.2	77.7	70.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,080	6,610	6,475	11.9	11.8	12.1
$5,000 to $9,999	8,090	3,525	4,560	7.4	6.3	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	11,915	5,080	6,835	10.9	9.1	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	9,355	4,050	5,310	8.5	7.2	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	9,510	4,345	5,165	8.7	7.8	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,705	4,990	5,715	9.8	8.9	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	9,605	4,895	4,710	8.8	8.7	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	8,350	4,655	3,690	7.6	8.3	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	6,890	3,975	2,915	6.3	7.1	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	5,920	3,270	2,650	5.4	5.8	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	4,020	2,480	1,535	3.7	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	12,045	8,170	3,875	11.0	14.6	7.3
$100,000 to $124,999	6,095	3,980	2,120	5.6	7.1	4.0
$125,000 and over	5,955	4,190	1,760	5.4	7.5	3.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	147,535	72,135	75,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	139,955	68,300	71,655	94.9	94.7	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,400	38,800	44,000	50,400	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	140,025	68,300	71,725	94.9	94.7	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	34,400	38,400	42,800	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	129,440	64,560	64,880	87.7	89.5	86.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,600	33,200	40,000	47,600	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,185	55,715	53,465	74.0	77.2	70.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	37,200	42,800	50,000	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,700	44,265	57,435	68.9	61.4	76.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	4,720	8,700	7,300	4,720	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,215	7,745	7,470	10.3	10.7	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	4,200	5,640	4,760	4,200	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	147,540	72,135	75,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	140,065	68,365	71,705	94.9	94.8	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	61,200	45,600	53,200	61,200	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	140,110	68,365	71,745	95.0	94.8	95.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,880	47,960	38,080	42,880	47,960	38,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	129,590	64,585	65,000	87.8	89.5	86.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,200	59,250	41,240	50,200	59,250	41,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,355	55,855	53,495	74.1	77.4	70.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	59,100	43,720	51,600	59,100	43,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,245	44,505	57,740	69.3	61.7	76.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,270	8,050	10,220	9,270	8,050	10,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,565	8,035	7,530	10.5	11.1	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,240	5,415	9,190	7,240	5,415	9,190
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	147,535	72,135	75,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	56,680	30,375	26,305	38.4	42.1	34.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	68,000	54,000	61,200	68,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,000	77,800	61,050	70,000	77,800	61,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	39,200	18,715	20,490	26.6	25.9	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	29,800	22,800	25,400	29,800	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,240	43,280	29,840	36,240	43,280	29,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	91.4	82.0	87.2	91.4	82.0
Employment income (%)	75.6	78.8	71.6	75.6	78.8	71.6
Government transfers (%)	12.7	8.6	18.0	12.7	8.6	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.0	2.1	1.5	1.0	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	72,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	54,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	72,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,600	...	...	88,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,100	...	...	53,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	54,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...	129,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	330	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	490	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	845	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,520	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,020	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,825	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,360	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,670	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,635	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,140	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,990	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,835	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,610	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,355	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	32,810	...	...	45.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,770	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,505	...	...	10.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,800	...	...	12.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,725	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	400	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	245	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	520	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	925	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,700	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,430	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,415	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,070	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,260	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,185	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,335	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,125	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,765	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,515	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,125	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,640	...	...	33.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,215	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,500	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,925	...	...	10.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	52,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	24,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,860	10,180	11,680	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	47,200	39,200	42,800	47,200	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,400	35,200	37,600	40,400	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	52,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...	129,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...	103,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,600	...	...	84,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	24,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	163,200	...	...	163,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...	88,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,200	...	...	74,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,865	10,195	11,665	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,700	58,250	46,040	51,700	58,250	46,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,240	45,760	39,160	42,240	45,760	39,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	182,785	90,175	92,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	42,280	21,665	20,615	23.1	24.0	22.3
0 to 5 years	12,360	6,315	6,040	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	111,490	55,075	56,415	61.0	61.1	60.9
65 years and over	29,020	13,440	15,575	15.9	14.9	16.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,535	5,530	7,010	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,580	1,395	1,185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	815	425	390	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,975	2,760	3,215	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,980	1,370	2,610	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9	6.1	7.6	6.9	6.1	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.1	6.5	5.8	6.1	6.5	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	6.7	6.4	6.6	6.7	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.0	5.7	5.4	5.0	5.7
65 years and over (%)	13.7	10.2	16.7	13.7	10.2	16.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	182,785	90,180	92,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	42,280	21,660	20,620	23.1	24.0	22.3
0 to 5 years	12,360	6,320	6,040	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	111,485	55,075	56,415	61.0	61.1	60.9
65 years and over	29,015	13,440	15,575	15.9	14.9	16.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,980	2,375	2,605	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	945	500	450	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	275	140	140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,235	1,575	1,660	...	...	...
65 years and over	805	300	505	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
65 years and over (%)	2.8	2.3	3.2	2.8	2.3	3.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	182,785	90,175	92,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	85,225	40,700	44,525	46.6	45.1	48.1
In bottom decile	10,375	4,635	5,740	5.7	5.1	6.2
In second decile	14,525	6,620	7,905	7.9	7.3	8.5
In third decile	17,555	8,390	9,160	9.6	9.3	9.9
In fourth decile	20,535	10,025	10,510	11.2	11.1	11.3
In fifth decile	22,235	11,025	11,210	12.2	12.2	12.1
In top half of the distribution	97,565	49,480	48,080	53.4	54.9	51.9
In sixth decile	22,005	11,035	10,970	12.0	12.2	11.8
In seventh decile	22,485	11,375	11,110	12.3	12.6	12.0
In eighth decile	21,010	10,640	10,365	11.5	11.8	11.2
In ninth decile	18,260	9,340	8,915	10.0	10.4	9.6
In top decile	13,805	7,085	6,725	7.6	7.9	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	182,785	...	...	182,785	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.407	...	...	0.407	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.254	...	...	0.254	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	184,130	90,740	93,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	9,935	5,080	4,855	5.4	5.6	5.2
French only	67,485	30,925	36,560	36.7	34.1	39.1
English and French	105,250	54,080	51,170	57.2	59.6	54.8
Neither English nor French	1,460	655	805	0.8	0.7	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	184,130	90,740	93,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	28,375	14,270	14,110	15.4	15.7	15.1
French	144,860	71,010	73,850	78.7	78.3	79.1
English and French	9,500	4,845	4,660	5.2	5.3	5.0
Neither English nor French	1,390	615	770	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	184,130	90,740	93,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	176,670	87,025	89,645	95.9	95.9	96.0
Official languages	152,135	74,865	77,270	82.6	82.5	82.7
English	20,740	10,365	10,370	11.3	11.4	11.1
French	131,390	64,500	66,900	71.4	71.1	71.6
Non-official languages	24,535	12,165	12,375	13.3	13.4	13.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,510	12,155	12,355	13.3	13.4	13.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,385	1,780	1,605	1.8	2.0	1.7
Berber languages	610	335	275	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kabyle	570	315	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,710	1,415	1,300	1.5	1.6	1.4
Amharic	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,650	1,385	1,265	1.4	1.5	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	360	165	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	240	110	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	385	150	240	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	240	85	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	660	330	325	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian Creole	385	195	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	195	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15,340	7,620	7,720	8.3	8.4	8.3
Albanian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,505	1,695	1,805	1.9	1.9	1.9
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,495	1,695	1,795	1.9	1.9	1.9
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	405	205	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	455	230	230	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian	2,220	1,060	1,160	1.2	1.2	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	45	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	235	120	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	215	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	205	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	390	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,590	810	785	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	705	355	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	215	110	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	885	455	430	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	860	440	420	0.5	0.5	0.4
Dari	215	130	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	575	275	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,460	4,715	4,740	5.1	5.2	5.1
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,135	630	510	0.6	0.7	0.5
Portuguese	1,240	600	645	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	1,985	980	1,005	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	5,085	2,510	2,580	2.8	2.8	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	195	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	885	440	445	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,765	1,315	1,450	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese languages	2,755	1,310	1,445	1.5	1.4	1.5
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,075	980	1,095	1.1	1.1	1.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	565	280	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	210	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	45	45	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,455	3,710	3,745	4.0	4.1	4.0
English and French	3,985	2,010	1,975	2.2	2.2	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	810	400	410	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,860	900	960	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	615	315	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	184,130	90,740	93,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	19,190	9,605	9,580	10.4	10.6	10.3
French	124,315	60,990	63,320	67.5	67.2	67.8
Non-official language	8,115	4,000	4,115	4.4	4.4	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	8,110	4,000	4,110	4.4	4.4	4.4
English and French	14,390	7,240	7,145	7.8	8.0	7.7
English and non-official language(s)	3,175	1,565	1,610	1.7	1.7	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	7,885	3,775	4,110	4.3	4.2	4.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,575	3,305	3,270	3.6	3.6	3.5
Multiple non-official languages	480	240	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	184,130	90,740	93,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	175,705	86,670	89,035	95.4	95.5	95.3
Official languages	160,925	79,345	81,575	87.4	87.4	87.3
English	25,060	12,530	12,535	13.6	13.8	13.4
French	135,860	66,820	69,040	73.8	73.6	73.9
Non-official languages	14,775	7,325	7,455	8.0	8.1	8.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,775	7,320	7,450	8.0	8.1	8.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,480	735	745	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	215	115	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	205	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,240	610	625	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,210	600	610	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	230	100	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	95	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,720	4,835	4,885	5.3	5.3	5.2
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,680	1,340	1,340	1.5	1.5	1.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,680	1,340	1,340	1.5	1.5	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,960	970	995	1.1	1.1	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,150	580	575	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	480	245	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	195	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	675	335	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	660	325	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	490	235	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,685	2,820	2,865	3.1	3.1	3.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	695	335	360	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	1,380	695	690	0.7	0.8	0.7
Spanish	3,445	1,715	1,730	1.9	1.9	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	215	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,325	1,145	1,175	1.3	1.3	1.3
Chinese languages	2,320	1,150	1,180	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,850	915	935	1.0	1.0	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	385	190	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	45	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,425	4,070	4,360	4.6	4.5	4.7
English and French	4,055	1,975	2,080	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	930	455	475	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	2,430	1,155	1,275	1.3	1.3	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	945	450	500	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	184,130	90,740	93,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	158,325	77,825	80,500	86.0	85.8	86.2
English	8,795	4,495	4,300	4.8	5.0	4.6
French	6,775	3,335	3,435	3.7	3.7	3.7
Non-official language	5,235	2,555	2,685	2.8	2.8	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,220	2,550	2,675	2.8	2.8	2.9
English and French	1,790	925	865	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,550	795	755	0.8	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	1,115	550	565	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	335	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	182,785	90,180	92,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	181,335	89,465	91,875	99.2	99.2	99.2
English	114,840	59,140	55,695	62.8	65.6	60.1
French	171,395	84,305	87,090	93.8	93.5	94.0
Non-official languages	37,380	18,275	19,100	20.5	20.3	20.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,305	18,245	19,060	20.4	20.2	20.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,715	2,855	2,860	3.1	3.2	3.1
Berber languages	905	440	460	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kabyle	850	415	435	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamazight	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,160	2,580	2,580	2.8	2.9	2.8
Amharic	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	4,860	2,460	2,405	2.7	2.7	2.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	265	125	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	495	260	230	0.3	0.3	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	225	130	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	700	325	380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	170	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	135	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	445	190	255	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,585	785	800	0.9	0.9	0.9
Haitian Creole	960	440	515	0.5	0.5	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	390	215	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	70	50	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	23,660	11,500	12,160	12.9	12.8	13.1
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	4,590	2,185	2,405	2.5	2.4	2.6
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,585	2,185	2,400	2.5	2.4	2.6
Belarusian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	455	250	205	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czech	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	510	220	290	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	3,400	1,615	1,785	1.9	1.8	1.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	555	280	280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	905	420	490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	760	365	395	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	750	355	395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	40	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	625	265	355	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	2,345	1,195	1,150	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,110	590	525	0.6	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	320	175	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	375	185	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	260	145	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,260	625	635	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,225	600	625	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	315	170	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	815	405	410	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	115	35	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	16,535	8,020	8,515	9.0	8.9	9.2
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,550	1,420	1,130	1.4	1.6	1.2
Portuguese	1,900	960	935	1.0	1.1	1.0
Romanian	2,725	1,320	1,405	1.5	1.5	1.5
Spanish	10,385	4,900	5,490	5.7	5.4	5.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	210	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,005	980	1,025	1.1	1.1	1.1
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	45	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	245	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	260	105	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	370	190	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	520	270	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	85	50	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,410	1,660	1,745	1.9	1.8	1.9
Chinese languages	3,405	1,660	1,745	1.9	1.8	1.9
Hakka	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,770	1,350	1,420	1.5	1.5	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	875	390	485	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	305	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	182,785	90,180	92,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,435	1,605	1,830	1.9	1.8	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,210	1,500	1,710	1.8	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,125	980	1,140	1.2	1.1	1.2
Métis	1,040	500	540	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	179,350	88,575	90,780	98.1	98.2	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	182,785	90,180	92,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,175	590	585	0.6	0.7	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	181,610	89,580	92,025	99.4	99.3	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	54,705	...	...	75.3	...	...
Renter	17,945	...	...	24.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,075	...	...	13.9	...	...
Not condominium	62,575	...	...	86.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	195	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,275	...	...	8.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,890	...	...	26.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	26,600	...	...	36.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20,685	...	...	28.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	18,290	...	...	25.2	...	...
5 rooms	10,420	...	...	14.3	...	...
6 rooms	9,050	...	...	12.5	...	...
7 rooms	10,415	...	...	14.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	24,465	...	...	33.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	72,175	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	475	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	71,000	...	...	97.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,645	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,870	...	...	10.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	19,190	...	...	26.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,860	...	...	16.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,325	...	...	14.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,340	...	...	7.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,925	...	...	8.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,180	...	...	7.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,965	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	69,150	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,500	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	34,620	...	...	47.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	36,145	...	...	49.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,880	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	900	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,320	...	...	11.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	14,490	...	...	19.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,235	...	...	21.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,400	...	...	21.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,810	...	...	14.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,785	...	...	8.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,710	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	72,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	61,915	...	...	85.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,535	...	...	14.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,810	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	72,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,835	...	...	20.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,815	...	...	13.5	...	...
Not suitable only	1,405	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,775	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	600	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	57,815	...	...	79.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	71,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,455	...	...	4.8	...	...
Not in core need	68,265	...	...	95.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	54,620	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.3	...	...	70.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,366	...	...	1,366	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	424,800	...	...	424,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,940	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.7	...	...	29.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.2	...	...	14.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	182,785	90,175	92,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,380	1,075	1,300	1.3	1.2	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,340	1,055	1,290	1.3	1.2	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,955	870	1,080	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis single ancestry	360	175	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,515	2,120	2,400	2.5	2.4	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,505	2,120	2,390	2.5	2.4	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,105	1,945	2,160	2.2	2.2	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	370	155	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	175,895	86,980	88,910	96.2	96.5	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	182,785	90,175	92,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	175,465	86,640	88,830	96.0	96.1	95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	40,900	20,925	19,975	22.4	23.2	21.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	134,565	65,715	68,850	73.6	72.9	74.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,325	3,540	3,780	4.0	3.9	4.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	182,785	90,175	92,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	153,275	75,585	77,685	83.9	83.8	83.9
Immigrants⁸¹	28,050	13,830	14,225	15.3	15.3	15.4
Before 1980	3,230	1,720	1,515	1.8	1.9	1.6
1980 to 1990	2,270	1,155	1,110	1.2	1.3	1.2
1991 to 2000	3,970	1,915	2,050	2.2	2.1	2.2
2001 to 2010	9,370	4,600	4,775	5.1	5.1	5.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	9,215	4,435	4,775	5.0	4.9	5.2
2011 to 2015	5,520	2,690	2,830	3.0	3.0	3.1
2016 to 2021	3,690	1,750	1,945	2.0	1.9	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,460	765	695	0.8	0.8	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	28,055	13,825	14,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,845	1,485	1,355	10.1	10.7	9.5
5 to 14 years	4,815	2,530	2,290	17.2	18.3	16.1
15 to 24 years	4,085	1,695	2,390	14.6	12.3	16.8
25 to 44 years	14,785	7,385	7,400	52.7	53.4	52.0
45 years and over	1,530	740	790	5.5	5.4	5.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	28,055	13,825	14,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	6,730	3,135	3,590	24.0	22.7	25.2
Brazil	565	250	320	2.0	1.8	2.2
Colombia	895	425	475	3.2	3.1	3.3
El Salvador	340	155	180	1.2	1.1	1.3
Guyana	120	70	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haiti	765	330	440	2.7	2.4	3.1
Jamaica	315	155	160	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mexico	420	220	200	1.5	1.6	1.4
Peru	510	240	270	1.8	1.7	1.9
Trinidad and Tobago	195	65	130	0.7	0.5	0.9
United States of America	460	205	250	1.6	1.5	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	2,145	1,030	1,110	7.6	7.5	7.8
Europe	7,925	4,005	3,920	28.2	29.0	27.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	1,370	730	640	4.9	5.3	4.5
Germany	220	110	110	0.8	0.8	0.8
Greece	130	65	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hungary	60	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italy	595	365	230	2.1	2.6	1.6
Netherlands	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	305	115	190	1.1	0.8	1.3
Portugal	390	225	170	1.4	1.6	1.2
Romania	1,185	545	645	4.2	3.9	4.5
Russian Federation	565	255	305	2.0	1.8	2.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	565	280	290	2.0	2.0	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	115	100	0.8	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	2,180	1,090	1,085	7.8	7.9	7.6
Africa	7,630	3,880	3,750	27.2	28.1	26.4
Algeria	1,340	675	665	4.8	4.9	4.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	355	170	180	1.3	1.2	1.3
Egypt	535	275	255	1.9	2.0	1.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	1,405	695	705	5.0	5.0	5.0
Nigeria	220	120	100	0.8	0.9	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	3,730	1,930	1,800	13.3	14.0	12.7
Asia	5,740	2,785	2,960	20.5	20.1	20.8
Afghanistan	195	100	90	0.7	0.7	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	665	340	325	2.4	2.5	2.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	320	170	155	1.1	1.2	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	105	65	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Turkey	70	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,780	830	950	6.3	6.0	6.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	165	80	85	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	145	85	65	0.5	0.6	0.5
Taiwan	55	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Philippines	410	145	270	1.5	1.0	1.9
Viet Nam	210	110	100	0.7	0.8	0.7
Bangladesh	145	75	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
India	370	205	170	1.3	1.5	1.2
Pakistan	135	75	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sri Lanka	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	930	450	485	3.3	3.3	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,695	1,745	1,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	570	280	285	15.4	16.0	14.7
Brazil	90	35	50	2.4	2.0	2.6
Colombia	100	60	45	2.7	3.4	2.3
Haiti	40	15	25	1.1	0.9	1.3
Jamaica	20	20	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Mexico	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
United States of America	85	45	35	2.3	2.6	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	70	30	35	1.9	1.7	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	150	70	80	4.1	4.0	4.1
Europe	665	320	345	18.0	18.3	17.7
France	140	75	65	3.8	4.3	3.3
Germany	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	95	45	45	2.6	2.6	2.3
Ukraine	95	45	50	2.6	2.6	2.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	315	140	180	8.5	8.0	9.3
Africa	1,260	585	675	34.1	33.5	34.7
Algeria	195	75	115	5.3	4.3	5.9
Burundi	80	30	50	2.2	1.7	2.6
Cameroon	210	100	110	5.7	5.7	5.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	90	60	30	2.4	3.4	1.5
Côte d'Ivoire	95	30	60	2.6	1.7	3.1
Egypt	85	45	40	2.3	2.6	2.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Morocco	140	55	85	3.8	3.2	4.4
Nigeria	25	15	15	0.7	0.9	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	35	15	15	0.9	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	280	145	130	7.6	8.3	6.7
Asia	1,195	560	635	32.3	32.1	32.6
Afghanistan	15	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	570	265	305	15.4	15.2	15.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	100	45	60	2.7	2.6	3.1
Iran⁸⁸	90	50	45	2.4	2.9	2.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	0	15	0.7	0.0	0.8
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	35	20	1.5	2.0	1.0
Lebanon	60	25	35	1.6	1.4	1.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
Philippines	40	15	25	1.1	0.9	1.3
Saudi Arabia	55	20	35	1.5	1.1	1.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	20	1.2	1.4	1.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	40	40	2.0	2.3	2.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	182,785	90,180	92,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,540	15,060	15,480	16.7	16.7	16.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,345	11,515	10,830	12.2	12.8	11.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	129,905	63,600	66,300	71.1	70.5	71.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	24,820	12,110	12,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	15,505	8,025	7,475	62.5	66.3	58.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,740	4,000	2,745	27.2	33.0	21.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,755	4,030	4,730	35.3	33.3	37.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,505	2,190	3,315	22.2	18.1	26.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,445	1,715	1,725	13.9	14.2	13.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	370	180	190	1.5	1.5	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	24,820	12,110	12,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,445	1,225	1,220	9.9	10.1	9.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,660	825	840	6.7	6.8	6.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	585	315	270	2.4	2.6	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	925	505	425	3.7	4.2	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	130	45	80	0.5	0.4	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	19,070	9,200	9,875	76.8	76.0	77.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	182,785	90,180	92,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	29,945	15,015	14,930	16.4	16.7	16.1
South Asian	1,775	950	825	1.0	1.1	0.9
Chinese	3,745	1,810	1,940	2.0	2.0	2.1
Black	10,680	5,260	5,420	5.8	5.8	5.9
Filipino	670	290	380	0.4	0.3	0.4
Arab	4,245	2,210	2,030	2.3	2.5	2.2
Latin American	4,940	2,550	2,395	2.7	2.8	2.6
Southeast Asian	935	445	490	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	1,255	670	585	0.7	0.7	0.6
Korean	265	140	130	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	80	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	340	170	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,005	485	515	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	152,840	75,160	77,680	83.6	83.3	83.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	182,785	90,175	92,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	53,165	25,665	27,505	29.1	28.5	29.7
English	5,780	2,910	2,865	3.2	3.2	3.1
Irish	12,560	6,125	6,435	6.9	6.8	6.9
Scottish	6,360	3,160	3,195	3.5	3.5	3.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	39,840	19,980	19,860	21.8	22.2	21.4
German	3,030	1,545	1,480	1.7	1.7	1.6
Chinese	3,855	1,885	1,965	2.1	2.1	2.1
Italian	8,210	4,295	3,905	4.5	4.8	4.2
Indian (India)	1,195	600	590	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ukrainian	1,920	840	1,080	1.1	0.9	1.2
Dutch	515	235	280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	1,545	795	755	0.8	0.9	0.8
Québécois	19,550	9,695	9,855	10.7	10.8	10.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,115	515	600	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	735	330	405	0.4	0.4	0.4
French Canadian	11,460	5,580	5,880	6.3	6.2	6.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,810	1,460	1,350	1.5	1.6	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,855	1,370	1,490	1.6	1.5	1.6
Métis	770	355	415	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,805	895	910	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	1,650	775	880	0.9	0.9	1.0
Norwegian	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	350	160	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	1,835	980	860	1.0	1.1	0.9
American	1,115	455	660	0.6	0.5	0.7
Spanish	2,160	1,050	1,110	1.2	1.2	1.2
Swedish	175	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	435	240	190	0.2	0.3	0.2
Acadian	2,390	1,100	1,295	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pakistani	300	180	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,800	920	875	1.0	1.0	0.9
Jewish	500	255	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	210	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	525	270	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,875	920	955	1.0	1.0	1.0
Greek	1,160	505	645	0.6	0.6	0.7
Jamaican	815	395	415	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	330	150	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	265	140	135	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	2,205	1,095	1,115	1.2	1.2	1.2
Lebanese	770	425	340	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iranian	760	385	375	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,600	800	800	0.9	0.9	0.9
Danish	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	670	320	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	215	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	1,160	545	610	0.6	0.6	0.7
Haitian	1,905	905	1,000	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hindu	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	895	485	410	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mennonite	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	425	205	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	345	180	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	200	115	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	300	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	795	430	360	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	935	470	465	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	1,065	545	515	0.6	0.6	0.6
Moroccan	1,460	710	755	0.8	0.8	0.8
Czech	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	285	175	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	250	150	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afghan	320	185	135	0.2	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	570	270	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	290	135	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Turkish	235	100	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	235	125	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	1,030	525	500	0.6	0.6	0.5
Brazilian	770	380	385	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigerian	240	120	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	290	160	130	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slovak	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	205	125	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	110	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	585	320	255	0.3	0.4	0.3
African Caribbean	275	110	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	345	185	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	430	150	285	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	195	65	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	460	225	230	0.3	0.2	0.2
Congolese	560	280	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	705	335	370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Yoruba	130	90	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	365	190	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	890	430	465	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	105	45	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	90	60	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	100	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	610	270	340	0.3	0.3	0.4
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	455	265	195	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albertan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	415	230	190	0.2	0.3	0.2
African American	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	65	50	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	300	175	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	360	170	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	315	160	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	770	375	395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guatemalan	220	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	105	45	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	400	175	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	295	135	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	1,045	515	535	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	230	95	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	335	175	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	195	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	340	145	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	230	100	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	310	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	385	210	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kenyan	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	210	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	200	85	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	90	50	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	70	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	270	130	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	310	150	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	260	125	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
St. Lucian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	215	130	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	182,790	90,180	92,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	735	345	390	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian	122,810	59,075	63,730	67.2	65.5	68.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,150	5,625	5,530	6.1	6.2	6.0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,525	670	855	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baptist	650	295	350	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catholic	98,535	47,345	51,185	53.9	52.5	55.3
Christian Orthodox	5,040	2,370	2,670	2.8	2.6	2.9
Jehovah's Witness	745	330	415	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	120	40	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,065	515	545	0.6	0.6	0.6
Presbyterian	215	115	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	650	330	320	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,925	1,335	1,590	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hindu	525	270	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	300	160	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	8,005	4,020	3,985	4.4	4.5	4.3
Sikh	345	185	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	395	165	235	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	49,655	25,945	23,705	27.2	28.8	25.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	180,990	89,290	91,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	162,420	80,340	82,090	89.7	90.0	89.5
Movers	18,565	8,950	9,615	10.3	10.0	10.5
Non-migrants	6,590	3,285	3,310	3.6	3.7	3.6
Migrants	11,975	5,670	6,300	6.6	6.4	6.9
Internal migrants	11,460	5,435	6,030	6.3	6.1	6.6
Intraprovincial migrants	11,155	5,320	5,830	6.2	6.0	6.4
Interprovincial migrants	305	115	195	0.2	0.1	0.2
External migrants	510	235	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	172,675	84,890	87,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	105,940	52,675	53,255	61.4	62.1	60.7
Movers	66,740	32,215	34,525	38.7	37.9	39.3
Non-migrants	15,650	7,500	8,155	9.1	8.8	9.3
Migrants	51,085	24,710	26,375	29.6	29.1	30.0
Internal migrants	47,375	22,900	24,475	27.4	27.0	27.9
Intraprovincial migrants	46,280	22,385	23,900	26.8	26.4	27.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,095	515	575	0.6	0.6	0.7
External migrants	3,710	1,815	1,895	2.1	2.1	2.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	147,540	72,135	75,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,370	14,710	12,660	18.6	20.4	16.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	120,165	57,425	62,740	81.4	79.6	83.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,130	47,965	50,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,385	6,800	4,585	11.6	14.2	9.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,750	41,170	45,575	88.4	85.8	90.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	147,540	72,135	75,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,280	12,660	11,610	16.5	17.6	15.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,495	17,475	18,015	24.1	24.2	23.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	87,770	41,995	45,775	59.5	58.2	60.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55,250	27,890	27,360	37.4	38.7	36.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	22,775	13,945	8,825	15.4	19.3	11.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,145	8,470	7,675	10.9	11.7	10.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,630	5,475	1,150	4.5	7.6	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	26,640	11,500	15,145	18.1	15.9	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,840	2,445	3,395	4.0	3.4	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	32,525	14,105	18,415	22.0	19.6	24.4
Bachelor's degree	21,630	9,140	12,490	14.7	12.7	16.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,135	1,305	1,830	2.1	1.8	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	485	210	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	6,420	2,985	3,440	4.4	4.1	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	845	470	380	0.6	0.7	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,130	47,965	50,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,250	5,440	3,815	9.4	11.3	7.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,805	9,660	9,140	19.2	20.1	18.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	70,075	32,870	37,210	71.4	68.5	74.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,790	20,975	20,815	42.6	43.7	41.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,670	10,500	7,170	18.0	21.9	14.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,740	6,485	6,255	13.0	13.5	12.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,935	4,010	920	5.0	8.4	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,575	8,575	11,000	19.9	17.9	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,545	1,905	2,640	4.6	4.0	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	28,285	11,890	16,390	28.8	24.8	32.7
Bachelor's degree	18,680	7,665	11,020	19.0	16.0	22.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,685	1,045	1,645	2.7	2.2	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390	150	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	5,785	2,650	3,140	5.9	5.5	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	740	390	355	0.8	0.8	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	147,540	72,135	75,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	59,770	30,140	29,625	40.5	41.8	39.3
Education	6,230	1,230	5,005	4.2	1.7	6.6
13. Education	6,230	1,230	5,005	4.2	1.7	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,910	1,200	1,715	2.0	1.7	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	465	325	145	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,445	880	1,570	1.7	1.2	2.1
Humanities	3,835	1,310	2,525	2.6	1.8	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	575	140	435	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	175	55	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,130	745	1,380	1.4	1.0	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	105	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	370	65	300	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,705	2,480	6,225	5.9	3.4	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	970	275	695	0.7	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,720	70	1,650	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,740	530	1,210	1.2	0.7	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	195	30	160	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	1,120	205	915	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	2,875	1,345	1,525	1.9	1.9	2.0
Business, management and public administration	21,985	8,025	13,960	14.9	11.1	18.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	895	175	725	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	21,075	7,845	13,230	14.3	10.9	17.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,955	1,580	1,380	2.0	2.2	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	980	395	580	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	520	300	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	360	175	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	920	620	300	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,010	2,950	1,060	2.7	4.1	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,525	2,710	820	2.4	3.8	1.1
25. Library science	145	25	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	295	190	105	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,405	17,505	1,900	13.2	24.3	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	595	345	250	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	4,065	3,280	785	2.8	4.5	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,735	3,275	460	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,375	4,220	160	3.0	5.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,240	4,130	105	2.9	5.7	0.1
48. Precision production	2,390	2,255	135	1.6	3.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,165	590	575	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	885	395	490	0.6	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	280	195	85	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	10,160	1,620	8,540	6.9	2.2	11.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	615	305	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,410	1,260	8,145	6.4	1.7	10.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,390	3,505	2,890	4.3	4.9	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,065	755	2,305	2.1	1.0	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,695	1,300	395	1.1	1.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,600	1,415	185	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	98,125	47,965	50,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,055	15,100	12,955	28.6	31.5	25.8
Education	4,580	775	3,805	4.7	1.6	7.6
13. Education	4,580	775	3,805	4.7	1.6	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,245	875	1,380	2.3	1.8	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	300	205	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,950	670	1,280	2.0	1.4	2.6
Humanities	2,560	880	1,675	2.6	1.8	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	425	100	320	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	160	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,315	490	815	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	280	55	220	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,155	1,925	5,230	7.3	4.0	10.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	845	235	620	0.9	0.5	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,445	30	1,410	1.5	0.1	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,475	430	1,045	1.5	0.9	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	135	25	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	875	140	735	0.9	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	2,305	1,055	1,255	2.3	2.2	2.5
Business, management and public administration	18,105	6,460	11,645	18.5	13.5	23.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	765	150	615	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,330	6,305	11,025	17.7	13.1	22.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,080	1,110	975	2.1	2.3	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	870	355	510	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	350	210	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	680	435	245	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,595	2,655	940	3.7	5.5	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,225	2,485	745	3.3	5.2	1.5
25. Library science	120	25	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	130	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,370	13,640	1,725	15.7	28.4	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	470	250	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	3,675	2,930	745	3.7	6.1	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,875	2,465	410	2.9	5.1	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,285	3,150	135	3.3	6.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,305	3,210	100	3.4	6.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,760	1,635	125	1.8	3.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	945	470	475	1.0	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	720	320	405	0.7	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	155	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	8,270	1,295	6,975	8.4	2.7	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	545	255	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,620	1,005	6,615	7.8	2.1	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,150	2,770	2,385	5.2	5.8	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,480	575	1,900	2.5	1.2	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,400	1,075	330	1.4	2.2	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,260	1,115	155	1.3	2.3	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	98,125	47,965	50,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,055	15,100	12,955	28.6	31.5	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	70,075	32,870	37,205	71.4	68.5	74.2
Location of study inside Canada	60,345	28,080	32,260	61.5	58.5	64.3
Same as province or territory of residence	58,970	27,470	31,500	60.1	57.3	62.8
Different than province or territory of residence	1,375	610	760	1.4	1.3	1.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,735	4,790	4,945	9.9	10.0	9.9
Americas	2,255	1,120	1,135	2.3	2.3	2.3
United States of America	465	270	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mexico	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cuba	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	370	170	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	270	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Europe	3,415	1,745	1,670	3.5	3.6	3.3
Belgium	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	1,050	585	465	1.1	1.2	0.9
Germany	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	620	265	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Poland	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	530	285	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Russian Federation	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	250	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	1,905	935	965	1.9	1.9	1.9
Nigeria	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	535	250	285	0.5	0.5	0.6
Morocco	355	180	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	640	320	325	0.7	0.7	0.6
Asia	2,110	955	1,155	2.2	2.0	2.3
Iran⁸⁸	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	890	405	485	0.9	0.8	1.0
Taiwan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	165	35	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	150	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	275	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	147,540	72,135	75,405	...	...	...
In the labour force	100,830	51,535	49,305	...	...	...
Employed	94,625	48,450	46,175	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,210	3,085	3,125	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	46,705	20,605	26,100	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.3	71.4	65.4	68.3	71.4	65.4
Employment rate	64.1	67.2	61.2	64.1	67.2	61.2
Unemployment rate	6.2	6.0	6.3	6.2	6.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	147,540	72,135	75,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	46,010	20,045	25,965	31.2	27.8	34.4
Worked	101,525	52,085	49,440	68.8	72.2	65.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	57,840	31,135	26,700	39.2	43.2	35.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	43,685	20,950	22,735	29.6	29.0	30.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	41.8	42.4	42.9	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	100,835	51,530	49,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,740	735	1,015	1.7	1.4	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	99,090	50,800	48,290	98.3	98.6	98.0
Employee	88,800	44,595	44,200	88.1	86.5	89.7
Permanent position	76,900	39,275	37,625	76.3	76.2	76.3
Temporary position	11,900	5,320	6,575	11.8	10.3	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,675	1,460	2,220	3.6	2.8	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,220	3,865	4,360	8.2	7.5	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,290	6,200	4,090	10.2	12.0	8.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	100,835	51,530	49,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,740	735	1,015	1.7	1.4	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	99,090	50,800	48,290	98.3	98.6	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,875	1,385	490	1.9	2.7	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	20,145	6,395	13,745	20.0	12.4	27.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,665	6,695	1,970	8.6	13.0	4.0
3 Health occupations	7,830	1,175	6,655	7.8	2.3	13.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,300	3,290	9,005	12.2	6.4	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,445	1,175	1,270	2.4	2.3	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	23,615	11,120	12,495	23.4	21.6	25.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	17,610	16,145	1,460	17.5	31.3	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	850	645	205	0.8	1.3	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,760	2,770	990	3.7	5.4	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	100,835	51,530	49,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,740	735	1,015	1.7	1.4	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	99,090	50,800	48,290	98.3	98.6	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	655	410	240	0.6	0.8	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	125	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	980	700	275	1.0	1.4	0.6
23 Construction	7,530	6,330	1,195	7.5	12.3	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	9,885	7,025	2,855	9.8	13.6	5.8
41 Wholesale trade	4,080	2,705	1,380	4.0	5.2	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	12,280	5,885	6,390	12.2	11.4	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,600	4,945	1,655	6.5	9.6	3.4
51 Information and cultural industries	2,320	1,335	985	2.3	2.6	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	5,050	2,060	2,990	5.0	4.0	6.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,575	860	720	1.6	1.7	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,720	4,180	3,540	7.7	8.1	7.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,590	2,185	1,405	3.6	4.2	2.8
61 Educational services	7,885	2,020	5,870	7.8	3.9	11.9
62 Health care and social assistance	13,285	2,185	11,100	13.2	4.2	22.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,265	660	605	1.3	1.3	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	4,510	2,245	2,270	4.5	4.4	4.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,855	1,860	1,995	3.8	3.6	4.0
91 Public administration	5,750	3,030	2,725	5.7	5.9	5.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	106,755	54,650	52,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,510	4,215	3,295	7.0	7.7	6.3
French	58,990	29,540	29,455	55.3	54.1	56.5
Non-official language	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	38,335	19,960	18,375	35.9	36.5	35.3
English and non-official language(s)	280	115	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,095	560	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	106,755	54,650	52,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	98,970	50,620	48,350	92.7	92.6	92.8
Official languages	98,475	50,385	48,085	92.2	92.2	92.3
English	15,325	8,375	6,950	14.4	15.3	13.3
French	83,145	42,010	41,135	77.9	76.9	78.9
Non-official languages	500	240	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	500	240	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,785	4,030	3,755	7.3	7.4	7.2
English and French	7,455	3,850	3,600	7.0	7.0	6.9
English and non-official language(s)	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	106,755	54,650	52,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,230	37,720	36,510	69.5	69.0	70.1
English	23,770	12,320	11,450	22.3	22.5	22.0
French	7,585	4,050	3,535	7.1	7.4	6.8
Non-official language	485	220	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	475	220	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	385	170	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	94,625	48,445	46,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	21,160	9,875	11,285	22.4	20.4	24.4
Worked outside Canada	190	125	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,350	7,950	2,400	10.9	16.4	5.2
Usual place of work	62,925	30,500	32,430	66.5	63.0	70.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	62,930	30,500	32,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,700	5,870	7,840	21.8	19.2	24.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,130	5,670	7,460	20.9	18.6	23.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	35,985	18,890	17,090	57.2	61.9	52.7
Commute to a different province or territory	110	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	73,280	38,450	34,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	65,135	35,055	30,080	88.9	91.2	86.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	61,525	33,540	27,990	84.0	87.2	80.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,605	1,515	2,095	4.9	3.9	6.0
Public transit	4,395	1,640	2,755	6.0	4.3	7.9
Walked	2,135	880	1,255	2.9	2.3	3.6
Bicycle	610	415	195	0.8	1.1	0.6
Other method	1,000	455	555	1.4	1.2	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	73,280	38,450	34,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,095	8,530	10,560	26.1	22.2	30.3
15 to 29 minutes	24,295	12,425	11,870	33.2	32.3	34.1
30 to 44 minutes	19,615	11,625	7,990	26.8	30.2	22.9
45 to 59 minutes	6,140	3,615	2,520	8.4	9.4	7.2
60 minutes and over	4,135	2,240	1,900	5.6	5.8	5.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	73,280	38,450	34,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,315	5,765	1,545	10.0	15.0	4.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	14,135	8,550	5,585	19.3	22.2	16.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,810	9,280	11,530	28.4	24.1	33.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,470	5,070	7,405	17.0	13.2	21.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,110	3,015	4,095	9.7	7.8	11.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,435	6,760	4,675	15.6	17.6	13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	43,040	22,045	20,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,315	4,800	4,520	21.6	21.8	21.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	33,720	17,240	16,480	78.3	78.2	78.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	32,125	16,460	15,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,995	3,580	3,410	21.8	21.7	21.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5,430	2,795	2,635	16.9	17.0	16.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,560	785	775	4.9	4.8	4.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,130	12,880	12,255	78.2	78.3	78.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 27, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table