Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lambton, County (CTY)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	128,154	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	126,638	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.2	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	60,322	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	55,205	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	42.7	...	...	42.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,999.93	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	128,155	63,170	64,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,715	10,050	9,670	15.4	15.9	14.9
0 to 4 years	6,260	3,240	3,015	4.9	5.1	4.6
5 to 9 years	6,510	3,270	3,235	5.1	5.2	5.0
10 to 14 years	6,950	3,535	3,415	5.4	5.6	5.3
15 to 64 years	76,985	38,435	38,550	60.1	60.8	59.3
15 to 19 years	6,530	3,350	3,180	5.1	5.3	4.9
20 to 24 years	6,600	3,430	3,170	5.2	5.4	4.9
25 to 29 years	7,415	3,920	3,495	5.8	6.2	5.4
30 to 34 years	7,515	3,845	3,665	5.9	6.1	5.6
35 to 39 years	7,315	3,645	3,675	5.7	5.8	5.7
40 to 44 years	6,930	3,440	3,490	5.4	5.4	5.4
45 to 49 years	6,925	3,420	3,505	5.4	5.4	5.4
50 to 54 years	7,500	3,725	3,775	5.9	5.9	5.8
55 to 59 years	9,525	4,480	5,045	7.4	7.1	7.8
60 to 64 years	10,735	5,185	5,550	8.4	8.2	8.5
65 years and over	31,455	14,690	16,760	24.5	23.3	25.8
65 to 69 years	9,995	4,835	5,160	7.8	7.7	7.9
70 to 74 years	8,275	4,045	4,230	6.5	6.4	6.5
75 to 79 years	5,790	2,760	3,030	4.5	4.4	4.7
80 to 84 years	3,645	1,615	2,030	2.8	2.6	3.1
85 years and over	3,740	1,435	2,310	2.9	2.3	3.6
85 to 89 years	2,335	970	1,360	1.8	1.5	2.1
90 to 94 years	1,090	385	705	0.9	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	285	70	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	15.9	14.9	15.4	15.9	14.9
15 to 64 years	60.1	60.8	59.3	60.1	60.8	59.3
65 years and over	24.5	23.3	25.8	24.5	23.3	25.8
85 years and over	2.9	2.3	3.6	2.9	2.3	3.6
Average age of the population	44.7	43.7	45.7	44.7	43.7	45.7
Median age of the population	46.4	44.8	48.0	46.4	44.8	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	41,905	...	...	75.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,530	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	2,525	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	915	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,035	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,995	...	...	7.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	185	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,630	...	...	30.1	...	...
2 persons	21,375	...	...	38.7	...	...
3 persons	7,315	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	6,350	...	...	11.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,540	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	126,045	62,245	63,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	108,435	53,125	55,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	64,375	32,195	32,175	59.4	60.6	58.2
Married	53,535	26,795	26,740	49.4	50.4	48.3
Living common-law	10,840	5,405	5,430	10.0	10.2	9.8
Living common law - Never married	6,950	3,500	3,450	6.4	6.6	6.2
Living common law - Separated	780	390	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,655	1,340	1,320	2.4	2.5	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	455	175	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	44,065	20,925	23,140	40.6	39.4	41.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,280	14,760	11,525	24.2	27.8	20.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,425	1,570	1,850	3.2	3.0	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,795	2,905	3,895	6.3	5.5	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,560	1,695	5,870	7.0	3.2	10.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	37,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	21,660	...	...	58.0	...	...
3 persons	6,960	...	...	18.6	...	...
4 persons	5,925	...	...	15.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,830	...	...	7.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	37,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,585	...	...	84.5	...	...
Married couples	26,170	...	...	70.0	...	...
With children⁶	11,245	...	...	30.1	...	...
Without children	14,925	...	...	39.9	...	...
Common-law couples	5,415	...	...	14.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,140	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	3,275	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,790	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,350	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,440	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	126,045	62,245	63,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	103,145	51,170	51,975	81.8	82.2	81.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	63,170	31,540	31,635	50.1	50.7	49.6
Parents in one-parent families	5,795	1,440	4,355	4.6	2.3	6.8
Children⁶	34,185	18,195	15,985	27.1	29.2	25.1
In a two-parent family	25,155	13,320	11,840	20.0	21.4	18.6
In a one-parent family	9,025	4,880	4,150	7.2	7.8	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,895	11,070	11,825	18.2	17.8	18.5
Living alone	16,630	7,650	8,985	13.2	12.3	14.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,145	960	1,185	1.7	1.5	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	4,120	2,470	1,655	3.3	4.0	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,510	...	...	62.5	...	...
Couple-family households	29,825	...	...	54.0	...	...
With children⁶	12,590	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	17,230	...	...	31.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,690	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	885	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,230	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,780	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	16,630	...	...	30.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	106,360	52,210	54,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,165	50,635	52,530	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	52,400	35,200	42,400	52,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,195	50,650	52,545	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	32,000	38,000	46,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,180	46,345	45,835	86.7	88.8	84.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	46,400	25,400	35,200	46,400	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,700	38,205	32,495	66.5	73.2	60.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,800	27,200	33,200	40,800	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,340	45,865	48,470	88.7	87.8	89.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,900	9,600	12,000	10,900	9,600	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,945	5,785	5,165	10.3	11.1	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,640	5,480	5,560	5,640	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,600	12,560	13,040	24.1	24.1	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	106,375	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,995	50,440	52,555	96.8	96.6	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,550	66,500	43,000	54,550	66,500	43,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,000	50,445	52,555	96.8	96.7	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,520	54,200	37,200	45,520	54,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,895	46,125	45,770	86.4	88.4	84.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,320	62,300	36,200	49,320	62,300	36,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,705	38,020	32,685	66.5	72.8	60.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,480	56,900	36,480	47,480	56,900	36,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,220	45,700	48,520	88.6	87.6	89.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,520	10,550	12,430	11,520	10,550	12,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,585	5,455	5,130	10.0	10.5	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700	6,440	6,990	6,700	6,440	6,990
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,285	12,375	12,910	23.8	23.7	23.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,580	8,280	8,860	8,580	8,280	8,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	106,380	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,755	17,245	12,515	28.0	33.0	23.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	76,500	54,400	65,500	76,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,400	91,500	62,750	79,400	91,500	62,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,030	13,205	14,830	26.3	25.3	27.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	25,000	15,900	19,200	25,000	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,560	37,160	22,760	29,560	37,160	22,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	85.6	73.4	80.6	85.6	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.8	64.4	52.7	59.8	64.4	52.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.3	14.4	26.7	19.3	14.4	26.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.4	6.2	4.5	3.4	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.1	5.1	3.9	3.1	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	106,360	52,215	54,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,200	1,575	1,620	3.0	3.0	3.0
With total income	103,165	50,635	52,530	97.0	97.0	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,035	3,125	4,915	7.8	6.2	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,605	4,625	7,980	12.2	9.1	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	15,065	5,820	9,250	14.6	11.5	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	13,125	5,260	7,865	12.7	10.4	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	11,595	5,315	6,280	11.2	10.5	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,625	4,730	4,900	9.3	9.3	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,585	4,285	3,300	7.4	8.5	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,775	3,430	2,350	5.6	6.8	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,175	2,765	1,410	4.0	5.5	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,445	2,125	1,320	3.3	4.2	2.5
$100,000 and over	12,125	9,160	2,965	11.8	18.1	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	7,740	5,590	2,150	7.5	11.0	4.1
$150,000 and over	4,390	3,570	815	4.3	7.1	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	106,360	52,215	54,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,170	1,560	1,605	3.0	3.0	3.0
With after-tax income	103,195	50,650	52,545	97.0	97.0	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,790	3,260	5,530	8.5	6.4	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	13,100	4,850	8,250	12.7	9.6	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	17,040	6,620	10,425	16.5	13.1	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	15,285	6,490	8,790	14.8	12.8	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	13,270	6,425	6,850	12.9	12.7	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	10,320	5,625	4,695	10.0	11.1	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,275	4,425	2,855	7.0	8.7	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,125	3,320	1,800	5.0	6.6	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,920	2,550	1,370	3.8	5.0	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,440	1,770	670	2.4	3.5	1.3
$100,000 and over	6,625	5,315	1,305	6.4	10.5	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,585	2,865	720	3.5	5.7	1.4
$125,000 and over	3,035	2,450	585	2.9	4.8	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	106,360	52,215	54,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	35,655	14,005	21,655	33.5	26.8	40.0
With employment income	70,705	38,205	32,500	66.5	73.2	60.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,095	7,470	5,625	18.5	19.6	17.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,395	2,220	3,180	7.6	5.8	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,350	3,580	4,770	11.8	9.4	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,460	2,780	3,680	9.1	7.3	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,265	2,865	3,395	8.9	7.5	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,815	2,730	3,080	8.2	7.1	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,625	2,390	2,235	6.5	6.3	6.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,960	2,285	1,670	5.6	6.0	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,985	1,810	1,175	4.2	4.7	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	1,595	780	3.4	4.2	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,435	1,410	1,025	3.4	3.7	3.2
$100,000 and over	8,950	7,075	1,875	12.7	18.5	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,570	2,555	1,015	5.0	6.7	3.1
$125,000 and over	5,380	4,520	855	7.6	11.8	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	106,360	52,210	54,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,525	49,780	51,750	95.5	95.3	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	52,800	32,400	40,800	52,800	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,645	49,785	51,855	95.6	95.4	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	46,400	29,800	36,800	46,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,390	45,850	45,545	85.9	87.8	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	49,600	27,400	37,200	49,600	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,445	38,465	32,980	67.2	73.7	60.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	44,800	29,000	35,600	44,800	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,935	43,765	46,165	84.6	83.8	85.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	3,640	8,200	6,650	3,640	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,115	4,930	4,190	8.6	9.4	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	4,920	5,560	5,160	4,920	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	106,375	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,360	49,560	51,805	95.3	95.0	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,900	67,700	40,720	53,900	67,700	40,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,450	49,565	51,890	95.4	95.0	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,480	54,350	35,040	44,480	54,350	35,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,115	45,515	45,595	85.7	87.2	84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,400	66,200	36,680	51,400	66,200	36,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,445	38,195	33,250	67.2	73.2	61.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,760	60,950	36,920	49,760	60,950	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,875	43,670	46,205	84.5	83.7	85.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,660	7,790	9,480	8,660	7,790	9,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,735	4,715	4,020	8.2	9.0	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,580	5,780	7,510	6,580	5,780	7,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	106,380	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,640	17,180	12,465	27.9	32.9	23.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	75,500	50,800	63,200	75,500	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,600	90,900	59,300	77,600	90,900	59,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,640	12,495	14,145	25.0	23.9	26.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	35,200	20,200	25,200	35,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,240	48,800	27,040	37,240	48,800	27,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	89.8	79.2	85.8	89.8	79.2
Employment income (%)	65.0	69.4	58.2	65.0	69.4	58.2
Government transfers (%)	14.2	10.1	20.8	14.2	10.1	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	55,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	55,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,100	...	...	53,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,000	...	...	45,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,600	...	...	122,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	270	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	695	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,115	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,990	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,920	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,855	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,075	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,130	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,085	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,105	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,010	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,930	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,620	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,320	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,690	...	...	39.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,425	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,705	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,480	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,080	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	465	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	725	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,145	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,125	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,255	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,175	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,370	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,520	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,420	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,865	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,890	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,390	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,155	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,420	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,025	...	...	30.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,555	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,225	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,250	...	...	11.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,750	10,115	10,635	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	42,800	36,800	39,200	42,800	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,400	34,000	35,600	38,400	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	122,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,000	...	...	161,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,700	...	...	68,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,740	10,020	10,720	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,880	53,600	46,400	49,880	53,600	46,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,520	44,720	40,480	42,520	44,720	40,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	126,050	62,245	63,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,630	12,075	11,555	18.7	19.4	18.1
0 to 5 years	7,585	3,915	3,670	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	72,390	35,985	36,405	57.4	57.8	57.1
65 years and over	30,020	14,180	15,840	23.8	22.8	24.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,475	5,645	6,825	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,540	1,275	1,265	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	890	450	440	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,860	3,285	3,575	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,075	1,080	1,990	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.9	9.1	10.7	9.9	9.1	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.6	10.9	10.7	10.6	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7	11.5	12.0	11.7	11.5	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.1	9.8	9.5	9.1	9.8
65 years and over (%)	10.2	7.6	12.6	10.2	7.6	12.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	124,175	61,305	62,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,190	11,835	11,355	18.7	19.3	18.1
0 to 5 years	7,470	3,850	3,620	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	71,310	35,450	35,855	57.4	57.8	57.0
65 years and over	29,675	14,015	15,660	23.9	22.9	24.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,210	2,240	1,965	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	530	270	265	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	65	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,290	1,810	1,480	...	...	...
65 years and over	390	165	225	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.7	3.1	3.4	3.7	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	1.8	2.4	2.1	1.8	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.1	4.1	4.6	5.1	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	126,045	62,245	63,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	60,675	28,870	31,810	48.1	46.4	49.9
In bottom decile	11,120	5,360	5,755	8.8	8.6	9.0
In second decile	12,035	5,305	6,730	9.5	8.5	10.5
In third decile	12,335	5,855	6,480	9.8	9.4	10.2
In fourth decile	12,440	6,070	6,370	9.9	9.8	10.0
In fifth decile	12,745	6,280	6,465	10.1	10.1	10.1
In top half of the distribution	65,370	33,375	31,995	51.9	53.6	50.1
In sixth decile	12,725	6,400	6,325	10.1	10.3	9.9
In seventh decile	13,310	6,705	6,605	10.6	10.8	10.4
In eighth decile	13,365	6,875	6,490	10.6	11.0	10.2
In ninth decile	13,435	6,910	6,530	10.7	11.1	10.2
In top decile	12,530	6,480	6,050	9.9	10.4	9.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	126,045	...	...	126,045	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	126,890	62,640	64,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	118,625	59,040	59,585	93.5	94.3	92.7
French only	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,830	3,390	4,435	6.2	5.4	6.9
Neither English nor French	375	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	126,890	62,640	64,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	124,475	61,515	62,960	98.1	98.2	98.0
French	1,885	880	1,005	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	126,890	62,640	64,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	125,110	61,790	63,320	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	116,885	57,740	59,145	92.1	92.2	92.1
English	114,840	56,780	58,060	90.5	90.6	90.4
French	2,045	965	1,085	1.6	1.5	1.7
Non-official languages	8,220	4,050	4,175	6.5	6.5	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,170	4,025	4,140	6.4	6.4	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	350	195	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	335	185	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	290	160	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	310	125	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	240	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	330	200	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,275	3,085	3,185	4.9	4.9	5.0
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	880	395	485	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	860	385	475	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	330	140	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,980	940	1,040	1.6	1.5	1.6
Frisian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	600	280	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	585	270	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,310	620	690	1.0	1.0	1.1
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	1,110	525	585	0.9	0.8	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	635	510	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,045	585	465	0.8	0.9	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	315	180	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,060	1,010	1,050	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	835	410	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	485	230	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	665	335	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,780	855	925	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	605	285	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,020	495	525	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	126,890	62,640	64,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	118,420	58,655	59,765	93.3	93.6	93.0
French	315	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	1,505	735	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,490	730	760	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	1,275	530	745	1.0	0.8	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	5,015	2,425	2,590	4.0	3.9	4.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	230	90	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	126,890	62,640	64,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	125,680	62,075	63,610	99.0	99.1	99.0
Official languages	122,675	60,605	62,070	96.7	96.8	96.6
English	122,240	60,410	61,835	96.3	96.4	96.2
French	435	195	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	3,010	1,470	1,535	2.4	2.3	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,975	1,450	1,525	2.3	2.3	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,045	985	1,060	1.6	1.6	1.6
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	220	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	695	370	325	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	630	330	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	775	360	425	0.6	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	225	90	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	355	190	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,205	565	640	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	960	455	505	0.8	0.7	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	126,890	62,640	64,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	121,220	59,995	61,230	95.5	95.8	95.3
English	1,255	585	670	1.0	0.9	1.0
French	985	400	585	0.8	0.6	0.9
Non-official language	2,755	1,320	1,435	2.2	2.1	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	195	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,560	1,240	1,315	2.0	2.0	2.0
English and French	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	215	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	290	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	126,045	62,265	63,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	125,550	62,015	63,540	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	125,510	61,995	63,515	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	7,840	3,470	4,375	6.2	5.6	6.9
Non-official languages	11,325	5,465	5,865	9.0	8.8	9.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	395	175	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	390	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	375	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	370	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	350	150	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,945	5,290	5,655	8.7	8.5	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	510	265	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	495	255	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	470	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	560	210	350	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	495	185	310	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	385	245	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	255	160	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tamil	135	95	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	40	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,535	4,220	4,315	6.8	6.8	6.8
Albanian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	930	395	535	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baltic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	910	380	525	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	400	165	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,435	1,125	1,305	1.9	1.8	2.0
Frisian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	980	480	500	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	970	480	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,420	630	795	1.1	1.0	1.2
Afrikaans	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,205	520	680	1.0	0.8	1.1
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	245	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,610	895	715	1.3	1.4	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,480	830	655	1.2	1.3	1.0
Assamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	450	250	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindi	930	545	385	0.7	0.9	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	475	240	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	285	160	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,475	1,725	1,750	2.8	2.8	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,205	590	615	1.0	0.9	1.0
Portuguese	685	340	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,645	810	835	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	420	190	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	405	190	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	310	120	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	126,045	62,265	63,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,030	3,035	2,995	4.8	4.9	4.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,775	2,940	2,840	4.6	4.7	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,305	2,135	2,170	3.4	3.4	3.4
Métis	1,455	800	660	1.2	1.3	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	120,015	59,230	60,780	95.2	95.1	95.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	126,045	62,265	63,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,715	1,840	1,875	2.9	3.0	2.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	122,330	60,425	61,910	97.1	97.0	97.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	41,055	...	...	74.4	...	...
Renter	13,905	...	...	25.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	245	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,280	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not condominium	52,925	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	5,255	...	...	9.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,840	...	...	21.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,365	...	...	40.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,625	...	...	28.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,290	...	...	16.8	...	...
5 rooms	6,775	...	...	12.3	...	...
6 rooms	7,700	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	8,370	...	...	15.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	23,065	...	...	41.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	54,880	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	325	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,785	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,420	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,910	...	...	34.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,160	...	...	32.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,410	...	...	11.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,265	...	...	7.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,930	...	...	3.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,950	...	...	3.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,730	...	...	3.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,855	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	51,440	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,765	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,785	...	...	54.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,995	...	...	43.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,425	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,150	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,730	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,760	...	...	14.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,150	...	...	14.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,685	...	...	21.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,205	...	...	20.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,195	...	...	11.2	...	...
85 years and over	2,330	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,710	...	...	84.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,115	...	...	15.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,510	...	...	14.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,170	...	...	22.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,185	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,080	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,790	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	770	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,035	...	...	78.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	52,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,410	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not in core need	47,810	...	...	91.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,185	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.4	...	...	52.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,146	...	...	1,146	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	463,600	...	...	463,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,770	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.3	...	...	35.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.0	...	...	23.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,051	...	...	1,051	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	245	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	520	...	...	520	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	512	...	...	512	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	126,045	62,265	63,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,115	1,600	1,520	2.5	2.6	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,110	1,595	1,515	2.5	2.6	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,775	1,415	1,360	2.2	2.3	2.1
Métis single ancestry	335	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,405	2,140	2,265	3.5	3.4	3.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,290	2,100	2,190	3.4	3.4	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,215	1,565	1,655	2.6	2.5	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,040	520	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,520	58,525	59,995	94.0	94.0	94.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	126,045	62,260	63,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	122,045	60,300	61,740	96.8	96.9	96.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,335	12,095	11,240	18.5	19.4	17.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	98,710	48,210	50,505	78.3	77.4	79.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,000	1,960	2,035	3.2	3.1	3.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	126,045	62,260	63,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	112,405	55,845	56,565	89.2	89.7	88.7
Immigrants⁸¹	12,195	5,525	6,670	9.7	8.9	10.5
Before 1980	6,520	2,945	3,580	5.2	4.7	5.6
1980 to 1990	1,405	565	840	1.1	0.9	1.3
1991 to 2000	1,120	500	620	0.9	0.8	1.0
2001 to 2010	1,455	695	755	1.2	1.1	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,700	820	875	1.3	1.3	1.4
2011 to 2015	730	350	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
2016 to 2021	970	475	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,440	895	545	1.1	1.4	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,195	5,525	6,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,630	780	850	13.4	14.1	12.7
5 to 14 years	2,490	1,170	1,325	20.4	21.2	19.9
15 to 24 years	2,860	1,175	1,680	23.5	21.3	25.2
25 to 44 years	4,515	2,085	2,425	37.0	37.7	36.4
45 years and over	700	315	380	5.7	5.7	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,195	5,525	6,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,465	950	1,515	20.2	17.2	22.7
Brazil	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	55	10	40	0.5	0.2	0.6
El Salvador	115	50	60	0.9	0.9	0.9
Guyana	55	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	240	160	80	2.0	2.9	1.2
Mexico	160	80	80	1.3	1.4	1.2
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	125	50	75	1.0	0.9	1.1
United States of America	1,390	405	985	11.4	7.3	14.8
Other places of birth in Americas	290	145	140	2.4	2.6	2.1
Europe	6,920	3,265	3,655	56.7	59.1	54.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Croatia	60	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
France	45	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.4
Germany	445	215	230	3.6	3.9	3.4
Greece	140	70	65	1.1	1.3	1.0
Hungary	90	50	40	0.7	0.9	0.6
Italy	635	315	315	5.2	5.7	4.7
Netherlands	1,120	500	620	9.2	9.0	9.3
Poland	255	105	145	2.1	1.9	2.2
Portugal	295	160	140	2.4	2.9	2.1
Romania	90	45	45	0.7	0.8	0.7
Russian Federation	55	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	35	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Ukraine	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,995	1,375	1,615	24.6	24.9	24.2
Other places of birth in Europe	635	315	320	5.2	5.7	4.8
Africa	385	205	180	3.2	3.7	2.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	30	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	80	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	120	55	60	1.0	1.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	115	65	45	0.9	1.2	0.7
Asia	2,345	1,065	1,285	19.2	19.3	19.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	85	45	35	0.7	0.8	0.5
Iraq	140	65	75	1.1	1.2	1.1
Lebanon	65	30	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	95	55	45	0.8	1.0	0.7
Turkey	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	215	75	135	1.8	1.4	2.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	110	40	75	0.9	0.7	1.1
Taiwan	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Philippines	495	180	320	4.1	3.3	4.8
Viet Nam	60	15	45	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
India	605	325	285	5.0	5.9	4.3
Pakistan	130	70	60	1.1	1.3	0.9
Sri Lanka	40	25	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	210	100	110	1.7	1.8	1.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75	40	35	0.6	0.7	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	970	475	500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	280	180	95	28.9	37.9	19.0
Brazil	15	0	15	1.5	0.0	3.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	80	10	9.8	16.8	2.0
Mexico	35	20	15	3.6	4.2	3.0
United States of America	90	50	40	9.3	10.5	8.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	10	3.6	4.2	2.0
Europe	60	30	30	6.2	6.3	6.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	20	20	3.6	4.2	4.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.0
Africa	70	25	40	7.2	5.3	8.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	15	15	3.6	3.2	3.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	2.1	2.1	2.0
Asia	555	230	325	57.2	48.4	65.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	25	3.6	2.1	5.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	155	80	75	16.0	16.8	15.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	0	15	1.5	0.0	3.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	155	55	100	16.0	11.6	20.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	85	45	40	8.8	9.5	8.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	0	25	3.1	0.0	5.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	126,045	62,265	63,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,755	7,020	7,735	11.7	11.3	12.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,310	9,590	9,715	15.3	15.4	15.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	91,980	45,655	46,325	73.0	73.3	72.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,675	2,580	3,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,670	1,330	1,340	47.0	51.6	43.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,065	745	320	18.8	28.9	10.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,600	585	1,020	28.2	22.7	33.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,360	915	1,445	41.6	35.5	46.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	600	305	300	10.6	11.8	9.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	30	15	0.8	1.2	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,675	2,580	3,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	155	75	80	2.7	2.9	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	750	350	395	13.2	13.6	12.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	210	100	110	3.7	3.9	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	280	130	155	4.9	5.0	5.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110	30	80	1.9	1.2	2.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,170	1,895	2,280	73.5	73.4	73.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	126,045	62,265	63,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,125	3,640	3,485	5.7	5.8	5.5
South Asian	2,160	1,165	995	1.7	1.9	1.6
Chinese	595	280	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Black	1,410	700	715	1.1	1.1	1.1
Filipino	680	260	420	0.5	0.4	0.7
Arab	410	215	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	830	485	345	0.7	0.8	0.5
Southeast Asian	215	90	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Asian	180	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	220	140	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	118,920	58,625	60,290	94.3	94.2	94.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	126,045	62,265	63,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	21,935	11,000	10,930	17.4	17.7	17.1
English	37,930	18,055	19,875	30.1	29.0	31.2
Irish	28,285	13,150	15,130	22.4	21.1	23.7
Scottish	29,875	14,810	15,060	23.7	23.8	23.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,770	6,400	7,365	10.9	10.3	11.5
German	12,295	6,115	6,175	9.8	9.8	9.7
Chinese	705	340	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italian	5,010	2,570	2,440	4.0	4.1	3.8
Indian (India)	1,350	740	615	1.1	1.2	1.0
Ukrainian	2,400	1,175	1,220	1.9	1.9	1.9
Dutch	13,045	6,540	6,505	10.3	10.5	10.2
Polish	3,395	1,635	1,755	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,985	2,410	2,575	4.0	3.9	4.0
Filipino	580	215	365	0.5	0.3	0.6
French Canadian	2,325	1,060	1,265	1.8	1.7	2.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,040	1,510	1,530	2.4	2.4	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,055	1,480	1,575	2.4	2.4	2.5
Métis	1,495	745	745	1.2	1.2	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,855	970	885	1.5	1.6	1.4
Russian	845	370	475	0.7	0.6	0.7
Norwegian	680	295	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
Welsh	2,555	1,170	1,385	2.0	1.9	2.2
Portuguese	1,295	715	585	1.0	1.1	0.9
American	2,030	940	1,090	1.6	1.5	1.7
Spanish	710	345	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	775	345	425	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hungarian	1,260	635	630	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	270	155	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	180	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Greek	805	435	370	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	670	375	295	0.5	0.6	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	145	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	500	255	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	275	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	605	300	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	540	285	260	0.4	0.5	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,160	540	620	0.9	0.9	1.0
Sikh	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	460	215	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belgian	1,830	920	915	1.5	1.5	1.4
Haitian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	200	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	330	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	240	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	505	200	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lankan	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	420	215	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	105	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400	225	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	150	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	480	180	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
Syrian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	125	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	915	465	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Newfoundlander	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,130	535	595	0.9	0.9	0.9
Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	680	365	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	150	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	130	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	170	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	150	135	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	60	50	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	126,045	62,265	63,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	74,280	34,805	39,475	58.9	55.9	61.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,035	4,440	4,590	7.2	7.1	7.2
Anabaptist	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anglican	6,485	2,960	3,520	5.1	4.8	5.5
Baptist	3,425	1,580	1,845	2.7	2.5	2.9
Catholic	29,700	14,090	15,615	23.6	22.6	24.5
Christian Orthodox	605	310	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	425	165	255	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	295	115	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	955	435	525	0.8	0.7	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	460	200	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,840	890	950	1.5	1.4	1.5
Presbyterian	4,045	1,765	2,275	3.2	2.8	3.6
Reformed	1,355	670	685	1.1	1.1	1.1
United Church	12,025	5,435	6,590	9.5	8.7	10.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,455	1,680	1,775	2.7	2.7	2.8
Hindu	905	525	380	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jewish	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	925	495	430	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	300	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	345	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	655	255	405	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	48,350	25,730	22,615	38.4	41.3	35.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	124,880	61,660	63,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	113,100	55,865	57,230	90.6	90.6	90.5
Movers	11,780	5,790	5,985	9.4	9.4	9.5
Non-migrants	6,485	3,125	3,360	5.2	5.1	5.3
Migrants	5,295	2,670	2,625	4.2	4.3	4.2
Internal migrants	4,795	2,405	2,385	3.8	3.9	3.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,460	2,215	2,245	3.6	3.6	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	330	190	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	505	260	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	119,795	58,975	60,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	78,885	38,855	40,030	65.8	65.9	65.8
Movers	40,910	20,125	20,785	34.2	34.1	34.2
Non-migrants	18,080	8,795	9,280	15.1	14.9	15.3
Migrants	22,830	11,325	11,505	19.1	19.2	18.9
Internal migrants	20,515	10,035	10,480	17.1	17.0	17.2
Intraprovincial migrants	18,730	9,105	9,625	15.6	15.4	15.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,785	930	855	1.5	1.6	1.4
External migrants	2,315	1,290	1,025	1.9	2.2	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,380	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,885	9,420	8,465	16.8	18.0	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	88,495	42,770	45,725	83.2	82.0	84.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,265	31,040	32,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,065	3,495	2,565	9.6	11.3	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,205	27,545	29,660	90.4	88.7	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,375	52,190	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,500	7,865	7,635	14.6	15.1	14.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,520	15,425	17,095	30.6	29.6	31.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,355	28,900	29,455	54.9	55.4	54.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,645	21,575	20,070	39.1	41.3	37.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,955	8,150	1,805	9.4	15.6	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,625	2,465	1,155	3.4	4.7	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,330	5,690	640	6.0	10.9	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30,190	12,845	17,345	28.4	24.6	32.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,500	575	925	1.4	1.1	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,710	7,330	9,380	15.7	14.0	17.3
Bachelor's degree	11,900	5,040	6,860	11.2	9.7	12.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,150	490	655	1.1	0.9	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	345	215	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	2,910	1,340	1,575	2.7	2.6	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	240	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,265	31,035	32,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,010	2,845	2,160	7.9	9.2	6.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,355	8,730	8,620	27.4	28.1	26.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,900	19,460	21,445	64.6	62.7	66.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,990	14,690	14,295	45.8	47.3	44.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,870	4,895	980	9.3	15.8	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,895	1,330	565	3.0	4.3	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,975	3,565	410	6.3	11.5	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,205	9,445	12,760	35.1	30.4	39.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	910	355	555	1.4	1.1	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,915	4,765	7,145	18.8	15.4	22.2
Bachelor's degree	8,630	3,470	5,165	13.6	11.2	16.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	780	280	495	1.2	0.9	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	115	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	2,060	785	1,275	3.3	2.5	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	106,375	52,185	54,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	48,020	23,290	24,735	45.1	44.6	45.6
Education	3,245	760	2,485	3.1	1.5	4.6
13. Education	3,245	760	2,485	3.1	1.5	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,155	470	680	1.1	0.9	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	80	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,050	395	660	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	2,220	795	1,425	2.1	1.5	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	25	110	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	430	95	335	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	660	220	435	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	100	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	315	200	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,630	1,475	4,155	5.3	2.8	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	460	200	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,880	120	1,760	1.8	0.2	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	745	240	505	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	815	140	675	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,605	750	855	1.5	1.4	1.6
Business, management and public administration	9,480	2,865	6,615	8.9	5.5	12.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,285	160	1,130	1.2	0.3	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,180	2,700	5,480	7.7	5.2	10.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,740	1,005	730	1.6	1.9	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	245	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	290	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	515	365	155	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	395	265	130	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,425	905	520	1.3	1.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,065	770	285	1.0	1.5	0.5
25. Library science	130	15	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	17,175	15,970	1,205	16.1	30.6	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	215	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	2,125	1,775	350	2.0	3.4	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,360	4,790	565	5.0	9.2	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,350	4,275	75	4.1	8.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,890	2,820	70	2.7	5.4	0.1
48. Precision production	2,235	2,160	65	2.1	4.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,410	895	515	1.3	1.7	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,090	690	395	1.0	1.3	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	320	200	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	10,425	1,555	8,870	9.8	3.0	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	835	465	370	0.8	0.9	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,480	1,010	8,470	8.9	1.9	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	80	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,415	2,195	2,220	4.2	4.2	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,000	365	1,635	1.9	0.7	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,475	965	510	1.4	1.8	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	915	845	70	0.9	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,265	31,040	32,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,360	11,580	10,785	35.3	37.3	33.5
Education	1,965	420	1,545	3.1	1.4	4.8
13. Education	1,965	420	1,545	3.1	1.4	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	790	295	495	1.2	1.0	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	725	255	475	1.1	0.8	1.5
Humanities	1,475	505	965	2.3	1.6	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	15	80	0.2	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	310	65	245	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	460	155	305	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	115	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	250	110	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,160	960	3,200	6.6	3.1	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	140	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,515	95	1,420	2.4	0.3	4.4
22. Legal professions and studies	545	150	400	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	545	95	445	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,095	455	635	1.7	1.5	2.0
Business, management and public administration	7,110	2,025	5,080	11.2	6.5	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,065	125	940	1.7	0.4	2.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,035	1,905	4,130	9.5	6.1	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,170	605	565	1.8	1.9	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	165	205	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	85	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	300	175	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	270	170	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,035	710	330	1.6	2.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	830	635	200	1.3	2.0	0.6
25. Library science	70	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,490	10,470	1,020	18.2	33.7	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	170	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,465	1,145	315	2.3	3.7	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,655	3,210	450	5.8	10.3	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,845	2,775	70	4.5	8.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,860	1,800	60	2.9	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,485	1,430	50	2.3	4.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,040	635	400	1.6	2.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	785	485	300	1.2	1.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	160	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	7,410	1,160	6,245	11.7	3.7	19.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	665	365	305	1.1	1.2	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,690	770	5,925	10.6	2.5	18.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,230	1,670	1,560	5.1	5.4	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,340	255	1,085	2.1	0.8	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,220	790	430	1.9	2.5	1.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	660	610	50	1.0	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,265	31,040	32,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,360	11,580	10,785	35.3	37.3	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,905	19,465	21,440	64.7	62.7	66.5
Location of study inside Canada	37,560	17,940	19,620	59.4	57.8	60.9
Same as province or territory of residence	35,935	17,125	18,805	56.8	55.2	58.4
Different than province or territory of residence	1,630	815	815	2.6	2.6	2.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,345	1,525	1,820	5.3	4.9	5.6
Americas	1,480	610	865	2.3	2.0	2.7
United States of America	1,155	450	710	1.8	1.4	2.2
Mexico	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	570	300	270	0.9	1.0	0.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	270	170	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	130	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,055	515	540	1.7	1.7	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	210	70	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	570	335	235	0.9	1.1	0.7
Pakistan	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	105	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	105	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	106,375	52,190	54,190	...	...	...
In the labour force	59,655	31,460	28,190	...	...	...
Employed	53,000	28,330	24,665	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,655	3,130	3,525	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	46,725	20,730	26,000	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.1	60.3	52.0	56.1	60.3	52.0
Employment rate	49.8	54.3	45.5	49.8	54.3	45.5
Unemployment rate	11.2	9.9	12.5	11.2	9.9	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	106,375	52,185	54,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	46,250	20,490	25,765	43.5	39.3	47.5
Worked	60,130	31,700	28,430	56.5	60.7	52.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,575	17,735	12,835	28.7	34.0	23.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,555	13,965	15,590	27.8	26.8	28.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.7	40.1	40.9	41.7	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	59,650	31,460	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,420	710	705	2.4	2.3	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,230	30,750	27,485	97.6	97.7	97.5
Employee	50,630	26,280	24,355	84.9	83.5	86.4
Permanent position	42,650	22,010	20,640	71.5	70.0	73.2
Temporary position	7,980	4,265	3,710	13.4	13.6	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,355	1,205	1,150	3.9	3.8	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,630	3,065	2,565	9.4	9.7	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,600	4,470	3,130	12.7	14.2	11.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	59,650	31,460	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,420	710	705	2.4	2.3	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,230	30,750	27,485	97.6	97.7	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	410	275	130	0.7	0.9	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,210	1,760	5,455	12.1	5.6	19.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,055	3,130	925	6.8	9.9	3.3
3 Health occupations	5,525	725	4,795	9.3	2.3	17.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,105	1,800	4,305	10.2	5.7	15.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	965	390	575	1.6	1.2	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	14,460	5,600	8,860	24.2	17.8	31.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,705	11,740	965	21.3	37.3	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,100	2,295	800	5.2	7.3	2.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,700	3,025	675	6.2	9.6	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	59,650	31,460	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,420	710	705	2.4	2.3	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	58,230	30,750	27,485	97.6	97.7	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,930	1,955	970	4.9	6.2	3.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	805	675	130	1.3	2.1	0.5
22 Utilities	700	590	115	1.2	1.9	0.4
23 Construction	6,480	5,780	695	10.9	18.4	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	6,370	4,955	1,415	10.7	15.8	5.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,465	1,050	410	2.5	3.3	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	6,500	2,685	3,815	10.9	8.5	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,525	1,840	685	4.2	5.8	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	450	225	220	0.8	0.7	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,265	445	825	2.1	1.4	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	910	495	420	1.5	1.6	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,945	1,760	1,185	4.9	5.6	4.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,735	1,595	1,140	4.6	5.1	4.0
61 Educational services	3,800	1,020	2,785	6.4	3.2	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	8,795	1,250	7,550	14.7	4.0	26.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,070	530	535	1.8	1.7	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,755	1,345	2,420	6.3	4.3	8.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,420	1,325	1,095	4.1	4.2	3.9
91 Public administration	2,280	1,225	1,060	3.8	3.9	3.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,585	33,795	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	63,310	33,240	30,070	98.0	98.4	97.7
French	185	45	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official language	135	105	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	105	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	580	180	400	0.9	0.5	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	350	210	140	0.5	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,585	33,795	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,440	33,725	30,715	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	64,260	33,590	30,665	99.5	99.4	99.6
English	63,955	33,530	30,420	99.0	99.2	98.8
French	305	65	240	0.5	0.2	0.8
Non-official languages	185	135	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	130	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	160	125	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	125	15	0.2	0.4	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	135	125	15	0.2	0.4	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,585	33,795	30,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,770	33,465	30,305	98.7	99.0	98.4
English	160	40	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
French	380	130	250	0.6	0.4	0.8
Non-official language	235	150	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	205	135	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,995	28,330	24,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,810	3,895	4,915	16.6	13.7	19.9
Worked outside Canada	280	150	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
No fixed workplace address	6,725	5,085	1,640	12.7	17.9	6.6
Usual place of work	37,185	19,200	17,985	70.2	67.8	72.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,185	19,200	17,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,540	9,880	10,660	55.2	51.5	59.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,450	6,965	5,480	33.5	36.3	30.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,115	2,305	1,810	11.1	12.0	10.1
Commute to a different province or territory	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,915	24,290	19,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,640	22,690	17,945	92.5	93.4	91.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,965	21,410	16,560	86.5	88.1	84.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,675	1,285	1,390	6.1	5.3	7.1
Public transit	525	240	290	1.2	1.0	1.5
Walked	1,805	865	935	4.1	3.6	4.8
Bicycle	320	255	70	0.7	1.0	0.4
Other method	620	240	380	1.4	1.0	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,915	24,290	19,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,270	9,830	10,440	46.2	40.5	53.2
15 to 29 minutes	15,635	9,410	6,225	35.6	38.7	31.7
30 to 44 minutes	4,985	3,005	1,985	11.4	12.4	10.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,340	890	450	3.1	3.7	2.3
60 minutes and over	1,680	1,155	525	3.8	4.8	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,915	24,290	19,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,440	2,385	1,055	7.8	9.8	5.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,520	6,655	2,865	21.7	27.4	14.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,785	6,855	4,925	26.8	28.2	25.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,160	3,020	5,140	18.6	12.4	26.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,280	1,520	2,760	9.7	6.3	14.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,730	3,855	2,875	15.3	15.9	14.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,075	12,315	11,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,100	1,070	1,030	8.7	8.7	8.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,980	11,245	10,735	91.3	91.3	91.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,350	8,830	8,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,565	795	770	9.0	9.0	9.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,005	505	500	5.8	5.7	5.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	555	290	270	3.2	3.3	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,785	8,040	7,745	91.0	91.1	91.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 27, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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