Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Westmount, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,658	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,312	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 3.2	...	...	- 3.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,423	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,591	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,860.9	...	...	4,860.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4.04	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,660	9,075	10,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,835	1,470	1,365	14.4	16.2	12.9
0 to 4 years	625	340	285	3.2	3.7	2.7
5 to 9 years	965	480	490	4.9	5.3	4.6
10 to 14 years	1,245	650	590	6.3	7.2	5.6
15 to 64 years	11,245	5,230	6,015	57.2	57.6	56.8
15 to 19 years	1,235	625	615	6.3	6.9	5.8
20 to 24 years	1,230	630	600	6.3	6.9	5.7
25 to 29 years	890	415	480	4.5	4.6	4.5
30 to 34 years	740	330	415	3.8	3.6	3.9
35 to 39 years	930	410	525	4.7	4.5	5.0
40 to 44 years	1,060	455	610	5.4	5.0	5.8
45 to 49 years	1,215	525	690	6.2	5.8	6.5
50 to 54 years	1,230	565	660	6.3	6.2	6.2
55 to 59 years	1,360	625	730	6.9	6.9	6.9
60 to 64 years	1,345	650	690	6.8	7.2	6.5
65 years and over	5,575	2,375	3,205	28.4	26.2	30.3
65 to 69 years	1,145	510	640	5.8	5.6	6.0
70 to 74 years	1,370	615	750	7.0	6.8	7.1
75 to 79 years	1,130	455	680	5.7	5.0	6.4
80 to 84 years	845	375	470	4.3	4.1	4.4
85 years and over	1,085	420	660	5.5	4.6	6.2
85 to 89 years	595	240	355	3.0	2.6	3.4
90 to 94 years	385	145	240	2.0	1.6	2.3
95 to 99 years	85	25	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	16.2	12.9	14.4	16.2	12.9
15 to 64 years	57.2	57.6	56.8	57.2	57.6	56.8
65 years and over	28.4	26.2	30.3	28.4	26.2	30.3
85 years and over	5.5	4.6	6.2	5.5	4.6	6.2
Average age of the population	46.7	45.0	48.2	46.7	45.0	48.2
Median age of the population	48.8	46.8	50.0	48.8	46.8	50.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	1,075	...	...	12.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,345	...	...	15.6	...	...
Row house	1,185	...	...	13.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	260	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,540	...	...	17.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,165	...	...	36.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,035	...	...	35.3	...	...
2 persons	2,760	...	...	32.1	...	...
3 persons	1,140	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	1,120	...	...	13.0	...	...
5 or more persons	535	...	...	6.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,290	8,920	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,820	7,600	9,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	9,430	4,710	4,725	56.1	62.0	51.3
Married	8,120	4,025	4,095	48.3	53.0	44.4
Living common-law	1,310	685	630	7.8	9.0	6.8
Living common law - Never married	895	460	435	5.3	6.1	4.7
Living common law - Separated	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	350	185	165	2.1	2.4	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	7,385	2,895	4,495	43.9	38.1	48.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,835	2,345	2,490	28.7	30.9	27.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	265	90	175	1.6	1.2	1.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,150	295	850	6.8	3.9	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,135	165	970	6.7	2.2	10.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,670	...	...	50.0	...	...
3 persons	1,090	...	...	20.4	...	...
4 persons	1,105	...	...	20.7	...	...
5 or more persons	465	...	...	8.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,555	...	...	85.3	...	...
Married couples	3,900	...	...	73.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,095	...	...	39.2	...	...
Without children	1,805	...	...	33.8	...	...
Common-law couples	660	...	...	12.4	...	...
With children⁶	230	...	...	4.3	...	...
Without children	425	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	785	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	645	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	135	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,285	8,920	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	15,500	7,620	7,885	80.4	85.4	76.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,115	4,610	4,500	47.3	51.7	43.4
Parents in one-parent families	780	135	645	4.0	1.5	6.2
Children⁶	5,610	2,875	2,735	29.1	32.2	26.4
In a two-parent family	4,385	2,280	2,110	22.7	25.6	20.4
In a one-parent family	1,225	590	630	6.4	6.6	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,780	1,305	2,475	19.6	14.6	23.9
Living alone	3,035	970	2,065	15.7	10.9	19.9
Living with other relatives⁷	260	110	145	1.3	1.2	1.4
Living with non-relatives only	485	225	265	2.5	2.5	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,110	...	...	59.5	...	...
Couple-family households	4,380	...	...	51.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,225	...	...	25.9	...	...
Without children	2,155	...	...	25.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	735	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	65	...	...	0.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	125	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	255	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	3,035	...	...	35.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,450	7,455	8,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,715	7,135	8,575	95.5	95.7	95.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,000	70,500	49,600	56,000	70,500	49,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,715	7,135	8,575	95.5	95.7	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	56,400	42,000	46,800	56,400	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,630	6,665	7,960	88.9	89.4	88.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,000	72,500	43,200	52,000	72,500	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,250	5,100	5,150	62.3	68.4	57.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	59,200	36,000	44,800	59,200	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,705	4,755	6,950	71.2	63.8	77.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,900	11,700	10,400	10,900	11,700	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	620	255	365	3.8	3.4	4.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,480	6,000	5,760	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,740	1,770	1,965	22.7	23.7	21.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,450	7,450	8,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,725	7,130	8,595	95.6	95.7	95.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	151,600	229,200	87,300	151,600	229,200	87,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,735	7,135	8,595	95.7	95.8	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	98,500	141,800	62,650	98,500	141,800	62,650
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,640	6,590	8,055	89.0	88.5	89.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	154,000	240,000	83,600	154,000	240,000	83,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,250	5,115	5,130	62.3	68.7	57.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	136,000	200,200	72,000	136,000	200,200	72,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,655	4,685	6,970	70.9	62.9	77.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,260	11,480	11,100	11,260	11,480	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	620	290	330	3.8	3.9	3.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,260	5,080	7,320	6,260	5,080	7,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,800	1,800	2,005	23.1	24.2	22.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,670	8,760	8,600	8,670	8,760	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,450	7,455	8,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,595	2,490	2,105	27.9	33.4	23.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	100,000	145,000	79,500	100,000	145,000	79,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	229,000	323,200	117,500	229,000	323,200	117,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,075	1,860	2,215	24.8	24.9	24.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	23,200	16,200	19,200	23,200	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	69,000	99,000	43,880	69,000	99,000	43,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	94.6	96.8	89.6	94.6	96.8	89.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.4	62.7	49.2	58.4	62.7	49.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	5.5	3.3	10.3	5.5	3.3	10.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	1.5	1.0	2.6	1.5	1.0	2.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	2.3	1.4	1.0	2.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,450	7,450	9,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	740	320	420	4.5	4.3	4.7
With total income	15,710	7,135	8,580	95.5	95.8	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,790	795	995	11.4	11.1	11.6
$10,000 to $19,999	1,430	590	835	9.1	8.3	9.7
$20,000 to $29,999	1,780	665	1,110	11.3	9.3	12.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,200	465	740	7.6	6.5	8.6
$40,000 to $49,999	1,040	405	640	6.6	5.7	7.5
$50,000 to $59,999	990	380	610	6.3	5.3	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	745	255	490	4.7	3.6	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	650	215	435	4.1	3.0	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	585	225	360	3.7	3.2	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	490	200	285	3.1	2.8	3.3
$100,000 and over	5,015	2,940	2,080	31.9	41.2	24.2
$100,000 to $149,999	1,600	745	860	10.2	10.4	10.0
$150,000 and over	3,410	2,200	1,215	21.7	30.8	14.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,450	7,450	9,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	735	315	420	4.5	4.2	4.7
With after-tax income	15,710	7,135	8,580	95.5	95.8	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,990	860	1,135	12.7	12.1	13.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,515	615	905	9.6	8.6	10.5
$20,000 to $29,999	1,995	775	1,215	12.7	10.9	14.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,415	555	860	9.0	7.8	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,360	515	850	8.7	7.2	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,060	380	685	6.7	5.3	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	835	280	550	5.3	3.9	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	745	315	430	4.7	4.4	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	595	260	340	3.8	3.6	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	455	230	225	2.9	3.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	3,745	2,355	1,390	23.8	33.0	16.2
$100,000 to $124,999	890	455	435	5.7	6.4	5.1
$125,000 and over	2,855	1,905	955	18.2	26.7	11.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,450	7,450	9,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,200	2,355	3,845	37.7	31.6	42.7
With employment income	10,250	5,100	5,150	62.3	68.5	57.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,880	865	1,015	18.3	17.0	19.7
$5,000 to $9,999	780	355	425	7.6	7.0	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	965	415	555	9.4	8.1	10.8
$20,000 to $29,999	680	275	405	6.6	5.4	7.9
$30,000 to $39,999	560	235	330	5.5	4.6	6.4
$40,000 to $49,999	510	215	295	5.0	4.2	5.7
$50,000 to $59,999	470	205	265	4.6	4.0	5.1
$60,000 to $69,999	355	135	220	3.5	2.6	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	315	120	195	3.1	2.4	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	350	150	195	3.4	2.9	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	290	135	150	2.8	2.6	2.9
$100,000 and over	3,090	1,995	1,095	30.1	39.1	21.3
$100,000 to $124,999	515	260	260	5.0	5.1	5.0
$125,000 and over	2,580	1,735	840	25.2	34.0	16.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,450	7,455	8,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,140	6,820	8,325	92.0	91.5	92.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,000	74,000	47,600	56,000	74,000	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,160	6,825	8,335	92.2	91.5	92.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	58,800	40,400	46,000	58,800	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,305	6,490	7,815	87.0	87.1	86.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,800	74,000	43,200	52,800	74,000	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,190	5,030	5,155	61.9	67.5	57.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	62,400	34,800	44,400	62,400	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,445	4,140	6,305	63.5	55.5	70.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	5,720	7,250	6,850	5,720	7,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	385	135	250	2.3	1.8	2.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,200	8,600	6,600	5,200	8,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,450	7,450	8,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,075	6,770	8,305	91.6	90.9	92.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	161,000	237,000	99,100	161,000	237,000	99,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,090	6,780	8,310	91.7	91.0	92.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	103,000	143,800	69,800	103,000	143,800	69,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,290	6,440	7,845	86.9	86.4	87.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	163,600	243,800	97,800	163,600	243,800	97,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,130	5,005	5,130	61.6	67.2	57.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	135,000	201,000	70,600	135,000	201,000	70,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,435	4,195	6,230	63.4	56.3	69.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,610	8,160	8,920	8,610	8,160	8,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	115	205	2.0	1.5	2.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,400	7,100	13,800	11,400	7,100	13,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,450	7,455	8,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,490	2,420	2,070	27.3	32.5	23.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	98,000	148,000	70,500	98,000	148,000	70,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	226,000	326,000	108,800	226,000	326,000	108,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,770	1,710	2,065	22.9	22.9	23.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	28,800	21,800	24,200	28,800	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	73,000	103,400	47,920	73,000	103,400	47,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	96.2	97.8	93.2	96.2	97.8	93.2
Employment income (%)	56.3	62.7	44.0	56.3	62.7	44.0
Government transfers (%)	3.7	2.1	6.8	3.7	2.1	6.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	184,000	...	...	184,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	277,600	...	...	277,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	180,400	...	...	180,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	106,300	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	74,200	...	...	74,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	370,400	...	...	370,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	238,000	...	...	238,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...	2.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	155	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	320	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	210	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	230	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	220	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	225	...	...	2.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	245	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	455	...	...	5.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	390	...	...	4.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	370	...	...	4.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	365	...	...	4.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	300	...	...	3.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,700	...	...	54.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	580	...	...	6.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	465	...	...	5.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	715	...	...	8.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,935	...	...	34.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	3.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	160	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	340	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	280	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	245	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	275	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	305	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	300	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	560	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	465	...	...	5.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	460	...	...	5.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	370	...	...	4.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	320	...	...	3.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,040	...	...	47.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	655	...	...	7.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	510	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,875	...	...	33.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	190,000	...	...	190,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	180,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	274,000	...	...	274,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	194,000	...	...	194,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,525	1,190	2,330	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,400	46,000	52,800	50,400	46,000	52,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	39,200	45,200	43,200	39,200	45,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	377,200	...	...	377,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	241,400	...	...	241,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	371,200	...	...	371,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	237,200	...	...	237,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	469,600	...	...	469,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	296,000	...	...	296,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	138,400	...	...	138,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,535	1,190	2,345	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	99,000	121,600	87,600	99,000	121,600	87,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	69,800	79,800	64,700	69,800	79,800	64,700
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,290	8,925	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,555	1,830	1,730	18.4	20.5	16.7
0 to 5 years	780	425	355	4.0	4.8	3.4
18 to 64 years	10,430	4,800	5,630	54.1	53.8	54.3
65 years and over	5,300	2,290	3,005	27.5	25.7	29.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,410	1,045	1,360	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	550	275	280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	105	55	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,340	580	760	...	...	...
65 years and over	520	195	325	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.5	11.7	13.2	12.5	11.7	13.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.0	16.2	15.6	15.0	16.2
0 to 5 years (%)	13.4	12.8	14.0	13.4	12.8	14.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.8	12.0	13.5	12.8	12.0	13.5
65 years and over (%)	9.8	8.5	10.8	9.8	8.5	10.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,285	8,920	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,560	1,830	1,730	18.5	20.5	16.7
0 to 5 years	780	430	355	4.0	4.8	3.4
18 to 64 years	10,430	4,800	5,625	54.1	53.8	54.3
65 years and over	5,300	2,295	3,005	27.5	25.7	29.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,860	810	1,050	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	435	200	230	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	80	40	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,130	495	630	...	...	...
65 years and over	295	110	185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.6	9.0	10.1	9.6	9.0	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	12.2	10.9	13.5	12.2	10.9	13.5
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6	9.0	10.0	9.6	9.0	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.8	10.4	11.2	10.8	10.4	11.2
65 years and over (%)	5.5	4.8	6.1	5.5	4.8	6.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,290	8,920	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	6,375	2,745	3,630	33.0	30.8	35.0
In bottom decile	2,310	995	1,310	12.0	11.2	12.6
In second decile	1,165	505	660	6.0	5.7	6.4
In third decile	985	440	550	5.1	4.9	5.3
In fourth decile	955	390	560	5.0	4.4	5.4
In fifth decile	960	415	545	5.0	4.7	5.3
In top half of the distribution	12,915	6,180	6,735	67.0	69.3	65.0
In sixth decile	950	400	545	4.9	4.5	5.3
In seventh decile	980	410	570	5.1	4.6	5.5
In eighth decile	1,205	555	645	6.2	6.2	6.2
In ninth decile	1,880	880	1,000	9.7	9.9	9.6
In top decile	7,900	3,930	3,965	41.0	44.1	38.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,285	...	...	19,285	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.593	...	...	0.593	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.633	...	...	0.633	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.537	...	...	0.537	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	10.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,445	8,985	10,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	4,070	1,835	2,240	20.9	20.4	21.4
French only	450	185	265	2.3	2.1	2.5
English and French	14,705	6,885	7,825	75.6	76.6	74.8
Neither English nor French	220	90	130	1.1	1.0	1.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,445	8,985	10,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,250	6,170	7,080	68.1	68.7	67.7
French	4,555	2,075	2,480	23.4	23.1	23.7
English and French	1,430	665	770	7.4	7.4	7.4
Neither English nor French	215	85	130	1.1	0.9	1.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,445	8,985	10,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,125	8,360	9,770	93.2	93.0	93.4
Official languages	13,360	6,280	7,080	68.7	69.9	67.7
English	9,470	4,490	4,985	48.7	50.0	47.6
French	3,890	1,795	2,095	20.0	20.0	20.0
Non-official languages	4,765	2,080	2,690	24.5	23.1	25.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,765	2,080	2,690	24.5	23.1	25.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	615	320	300	3.2	3.6	2.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	615	320	300	3.2	3.6	2.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	560	285	275	2.9	3.2	2.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	50	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	45	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	15	65	0.4	0.2	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	5	55	0.3	0.1	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	5	5	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,550	1,130	1,425	13.1	12.6	13.6
Albanian	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Balto-Slavic languages	515	200	315	2.6	2.2	3.0
Baltic languages	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages	500	200	300	2.6	2.2	2.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czech	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	40	70	0.6	0.4	0.7
Russian	190	75	115	1.0	0.8	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	340	130	210	1.7	1.4	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	245	95	150	1.3	1.1	1.4
German	175	70	110	0.9	0.8	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	70	65	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	440	215	225	2.3	2.4	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages	100	55	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	345	165	185	1.8	1.8	1.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	335	155	180	1.7	1.7	1.7
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	300	145	155	1.5	1.6	1.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,045	480	565	5.4	5.3	5.4
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	300	145	160	1.5	1.6	1.5
Portuguese	105	50	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romanian	105	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	535	235	295	2.8	2.6	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	205	80	125	1.1	0.9	1.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	885	355	525	4.6	4.0	5.0
Chinese languages	880	355	520	4.5	4.0	5.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	730	295	435	3.8	3.3	4.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	50	75	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	40	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Estonian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	85	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,325	630	695	6.8	7.0	6.6
English and French	655	315	340	3.4	3.5	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	335	160	180	1.7	1.8	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	65	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,445	8,985	10,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,775	4,540	5,235	50.3	50.5	50.0
French	2,370	1,125	1,240	12.2	12.5	11.8
Non-official language	1,275	580	700	6.6	6.5	6.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,275	580	700	6.6	6.5	6.7
English and French	2,715	1,290	1,425	14.0	14.4	13.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,610	730	885	8.3	8.1	8.5
French and non-official language(s)	250	100	150	1.3	1.1	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,385	590	795	7.1	6.6	7.6
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,445	8,985	10,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,190	8,430	9,765	93.5	93.8	93.3
Official languages	15,880	7,385	8,495	81.7	82.2	81.2
English	12,500	5,815	6,685	64.3	64.7	63.9
French	3,380	1,575	1,810	17.4	17.5	17.3
Non-official languages	2,310	1,040	1,270	11.9	11.6	12.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,310	1,040	1,270	11.9	11.6	12.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	310	145	165	1.6	1.6	1.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	310	145	165	1.6	1.6	1.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	305	145	165	1.6	1.6	1.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,005	460	545	5.2	5.1	5.2
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	25	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	200	95	105	1.0	1.1	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	195	90	105	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	100	50	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	275	115	160	1.4	1.3	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	25	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	255	110	140	1.3	1.2	1.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	245	105	135	1.3	1.2	1.3
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	215	95	120	1.1	1.1	1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	420	205	220	2.2	2.3	2.1
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italian	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Spanish	300	140	160	1.5	1.6	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	150	60	85	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	650	290	360	3.3	3.2	3.4
Chinese languages	650	290	360	3.3	3.2	3.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	585	260	325	3.0	2.9	3.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,255	565	695	6.5	6.3	6.6
English and French	625	280	345	3.2	3.1	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	395	185	210	2.0	2.1	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	90	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	60	80	0.7	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,445	8,985	10,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	14,355	6,680	7,675	73.8	74.3	73.4
English	1,330	590	735	6.8	6.6	7.0
French	1,650	800	850	8.5	8.9	8.1
Non-official language	965	430	530	5.0	4.8	5.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	965	430	530	5.0	4.8	5.1
English and French	265	115	150	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	195	85	110	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	530	230	305	2.7	2.6	2.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	125	45	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,285	8,925	10,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	19,105	8,845	10,260	99.1	99.1	99.0
English	18,605	8,630	9,975	96.5	96.7	96.3
French	15,140	7,060	8,080	78.5	79.1	78.0
Non-official languages	7,810	3,350	4,460	40.5	37.5	43.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,810	3,350	4,460	40.5	37.5	43.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,470	720	750	7.6	8.1	7.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,460	720	740	7.6	8.1	7.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	860	400	450	4.5	4.5	4.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	625	335	290	3.2	3.8	2.8
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	85	100	1.0	1.0	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	185	85	100	1.0	1.0	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	115	15	100	0.6	0.2	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	10	70	0.4	0.1	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,695	2,010	2,685	24.3	22.5	25.9
Albanian	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	55	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Balto-Slavic languages	675	245	430	3.5	2.7	4.2
Baltic languages	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Latvian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	650	245	405	3.4	2.7	3.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	45	110	0.8	0.5	1.1
Russian	360	160	205	1.9	1.8	2.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	105	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	905	375	530	4.7	4.2	5.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	825	335	485	4.3	3.8	4.7
German	670	290	380	3.5	3.2	3.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	170	55	115	0.9	0.6	1.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	95	65	0.8	1.1	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	545	260	280	2.8	2.9	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	120	80	35	0.6	0.9	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	50	45	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Hindi	80	60	20	0.4	0.7	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	425	180	245	2.2	2.0	2.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	425	180	245	2.2	2.0	2.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	385	160	230	2.0	1.8	2.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,830	1,190	1,635	14.7	13.3	15.8
Catalan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italian	830	355	470	4.3	4.0	4.5
Portuguese	195	95	105	1.0	1.1	1.0
Romanian	95	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	1,960	825	1,140	10.2	9.2	11.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	130	60	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Korean	250	80	160	1.3	0.9	1.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,165	485	685	6.0	5.4	6.6
Chinese languages	1,165	485	685	6.0	5.4	6.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,025	420	605	5.3	4.7	5.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	215	90	125	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	25	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
Estonian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	25	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,285	8,925	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Métis	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	19,225	8,895	10,330	99.7	99.7	99.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,285	8,925	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,270	8,910	10,360	99.9	99.8	100.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	4,630	...	...	53.9	...	...
Renter	3,965	...	...	46.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,290	...	...	15.0	...	...
Not condominium	7,305	...	...	85.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	1,765	...	...	20.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,285	...	...	26.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,860	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,585	...	...	30.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,035	...	...	35.3	...	...
5 rooms	1,190	...	...	13.9	...	...
6 rooms	815	...	...	9.5	...	...
7 rooms	715	...	...	8.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,840	...	...	33.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,475	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	115	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	8,185	...	...	95.3	...	...
Not suitable	405	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,615	...	...	65.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,935	...	...	22.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	550	...	...	6.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	250	...	...	2.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	140	...	...	1.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,860	...	...	91.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	730	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,310	...	...	61.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,135	...	...	36.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	150	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	165	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	735	...	...	8.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,025	...	...	11.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,405	...	...	16.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,595	...	...	18.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,590	...	...	18.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,365	...	...	15.9	...	...
85 years and over	715	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,760	...	...	67.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,730	...	...	32.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,190	...	...	25.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,440	...	...	40.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,335	...	...	27.2	...	...
Not suitable only	255	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	440	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	260	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,155	...	...	60.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	500	...	...	6.3	...	...
Not in core need	7,450	...	...	93.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	42.4	...	...	42.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.2	...	...	19.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,320	...	...	2,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	3,156	...	...	3,156	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,800,000	...	...	1,800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	2,050,000	...	...	2,050,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,960	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	47.2	...	...	47.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490	...	...	1,490	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,848	...	...	1,848	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,290	8,920	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	135	60	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	135	60	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	60	65	0.7	0.7	0.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,130	8,855	10,275	99.2	99.3	99.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,285	8,920	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,595	7,670	8,920	86.1	86.0	86.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,905	1,520	1,385	15.1	17.0	13.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,690	6,145	7,540	71.0	68.9	72.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,695	1,255	1,440	14.0	14.1	13.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,285	8,920	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	12,720	5,990	6,725	66.0	67.2	64.9
Immigrants⁸¹	5,315	2,325	2,995	27.6	26.1	28.9
Before 1980	1,820	775	1,045	9.4	8.7	10.1
1980 to 1990	555	250	310	2.9	2.8	3.0
1991 to 2000	575	240	340	3.0	2.7	3.3
2001 to 2010	800	400	400	4.1	4.5	3.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,555	655	900	8.1	7.3	8.7
2011 to 2015	590	240	350	3.1	2.7	3.4
2016 to 2021	965	415	545	5.0	4.7	5.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,255	610	645	6.5	6.8	6.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,320	2,325	2,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	510	260	250	9.6	11.2	8.4
5 to 14 years	915	385	535	17.2	16.6	17.9
15 to 24 years	995	395	600	18.7	17.0	20.1
25 to 44 years	2,380	1,030	1,355	44.7	44.3	45.3
45 years and over	515	260	260	9.7	11.2	8.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,320	2,325	2,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	880	405	480	16.5	17.4	16.1
Brazil	65	35	30	1.2	1.5	1.0
Colombia	40	15	30	0.8	0.6	1.0
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Haiti	45	20	30	0.8	0.9	1.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	10	20	0.7	0.4	0.7
Peru	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
United States of America	440	215	225	8.3	9.2	7.5
Other places of birth in Americas	180	85	100	3.4	3.7	3.3
Europe	1,845	820	1,020	34.7	35.3	34.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Croatia	25	15	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
France	395	180	210	7.4	7.7	7.0
Germany	125	45	80	2.3	1.9	2.7
Greece	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Hungary	50	15	40	0.9	0.6	1.3
Italy	115	50	60	2.2	2.2	2.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Poland	85	30	50	1.6	1.3	1.7
Portugal	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Romania	80	25	55	1.5	1.1	1.8
Russian Federation	100	25	80	1.9	1.1	2.7
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ukraine	85	45	40	1.6	1.9	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	370	195	175	7.0	8.4	5.9
Other places of birth in Europe	360	170	195	6.8	7.3	6.5
Africa	520	270	250	9.8	11.6	8.4
Algeria	25	25	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Egypt	95	65	25	1.8	2.8	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	240	125	115	4.5	5.4	3.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	20	0.7	0.9	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	90	35	60	1.7	1.5	2.0
Asia	2,010	815	1,195	37.8	35.1	40.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	340	145	200	6.4	6.2	6.7
Iraq	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.5
Lebanon	145	75	65	2.7	3.2	2.2
Syria⁸⁹	225	105	115	4.2	4.5	3.8
Turkey	35	10	20	0.7	0.4	0.7
China⁹⁰	560	225	335	10.5	9.7	11.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	100	20	85	1.9	0.9	2.8
Taiwan	40	15	25	0.8	0.6	0.8
Philippines	50	20	30	0.9	0.9	1.0
Viet Nam	160	55	105	3.0	2.4	3.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	30	25	1.1	1.3	0.8
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	210	75	135	3.9	3.2	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	20	40	1.1	0.9	1.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	965	415	545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	175	95	85	18.1	22.9	15.6
Brazil	45	25	20	4.7	6.0	3.7
Colombia	35	0	25	3.6	0.0	4.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	85	60	30	8.8	14.5	5.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.8
Europe	120	55	65	12.4	13.3	11.9
France	60	35	25	6.2	8.4	4.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	0	1.6	2.4	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	15	2.1	2.4	2.8
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	15	2.1	0.0	2.8
Africa	100	35	65	10.4	8.4	11.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	15	35	5.7	3.6	6.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	1.6	0.0	2.8
Asia	550	225	325	57.0	54.2	59.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	210	80	135	21.8	19.3	24.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	15	0	2.1	3.6	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	100	35	60	10.4	8.4	11.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	20	1.6	0.0	3.7
Lebanon	10	10	0	1.0	2.4	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	90	50	40	9.3	12.0	7.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	60	20	40	6.2	4.8	7.3
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,285	8,925	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,175	3,195	3,985	37.2	35.8	38.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,680	2,290	2,390	24.3	25.7	23.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	7,425	3,440	3,995	38.5	38.5	38.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,495	1,545	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,345	1,070	1,270	67.1	69.3	65.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,005	560	445	28.8	36.2	22.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,340	515	830	38.3	33.3	42.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	845	330	515	24.2	21.4	26.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	290	140	150	8.3	9.1	7.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,495	1,545	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	180	85	90	5.2	5.5	4.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	460	235	225	13.2	15.2	11.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	265	115	155	7.6	7.4	7.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	225	85	140	6.4	5.5	7.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,345	1,020	1,325	67.1	66.0	67.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,285	8,925	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,940	1,720	2,220	20.4	19.3	21.4
South Asian	300	170	140	1.6	1.9	1.4
Chinese	1,185	495	695	6.1	5.5	6.7
Black	355	165	190	1.8	1.8	1.8
Filipino	115	30	85	0.6	0.3	0.8
Arab	575	265	310	3.0	3.0	3.0
Latin American	235	115	120	1.2	1.3	1.2
Southeast Asian	285	120	160	1.5	1.3	1.5
West Asian	330	150	180	1.7	1.7	1.7
Korean	285	110	180	1.5	1.2	1.7
Japanese	85	50	40	0.4	0.6	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	160	50	105	0.8	0.6	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,345	7,200	8,145	79.6	80.7	78.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,285	8,925	10,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,745	770	980	9.0	8.6	9.5
English	1,945	920	1,025	10.1	10.3	9.9
Irish	2,045	940	1,105	10.6	10.5	10.7
Scottish	1,780	865	915	9.2	9.7	8.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,055	1,485	1,570	15.8	16.6	15.2
German	1,170	540	630	6.1	6.1	6.1
Chinese	1,130	465	665	5.9	5.2	6.4
Italian	1,265	600	665	6.6	6.7	6.4
Indian (India)	275	145	130	1.4	1.6	1.3
Ukrainian	340	145	200	1.8	1.6	1.9
Dutch	160	75	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Polish	1,095	490	600	5.7	5.5	5.8
Québécois	455	185	270	2.4	2.1	2.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	705	365	340	3.7	4.1	3.3
Filipino	120	30	90	0.6	0.3	0.9
French Canadian	620	300	320	3.2	3.4	3.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	320	125	195	1.7	1.4	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Métis	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	530	250	280	2.7	2.8	2.7
Russian	1,145	560	585	5.9	6.3	5.6
Norwegian	65	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Welsh	275	135	145	1.4	1.5	1.4
Portuguese	85	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
American	430	240	190	2.2	2.7	1.8
Spanish	490	250	240	2.5	2.8	2.3
Swedish	95	30	65	0.5	0.3	0.6
Hungarian	295	140	160	1.5	1.6	1.5
Acadian	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	85	25	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
Jewish	2,375	1,170	1,195	12.3	13.1	11.5
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	250	110	140	1.3	1.2	1.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	220	115	105	1.1	1.3	1.0
Greek	325	185	140	1.7	2.1	1.4
Jamaican	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130	60	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	285	95	190	1.5	1.1	1.8
Romanian	465	230	240	2.4	2.6	2.3
Lebanese	325	150	170	1.7	1.7	1.6
Iranian	325	140	185	1.7	1.6	1.8
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	145	65	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Danish	100	55	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	190	80	115	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belgian	115	50	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mennonite	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swiss	125	65	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Finnish	70	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japanese	130	60	80	0.7	0.7	0.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egyptian	110	60	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Colombian	60	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Moroccan	420	225	200	2.2	2.5	1.9
Czech	160	105	60	0.8	1.2	0.6
Syrian	210	75	135	1.1	0.8	1.3
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ontarian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	145	80	65	0.8	0.9	0.6
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Turkish	85	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Brazilian	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	145	40	110	0.8	0.4	1.1
Slovak	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	400	185	220	2.1	2.1	2.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	70	40	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iraqi	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Salvadorean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100	55	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	145	45	100	0.8	0.5	1.0
South African	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Palestinian	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Peruvian	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albanian	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	115	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mohawk	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cuban	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	65	15	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,285	8,925	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	200	95	105	1.0	1.1	1.0
Christian	7,720	3,320	4,400	40.0	37.2	42.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	755	295	460	3.9	3.3	4.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	755	320	440	3.9	3.6	4.2
Baptist	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.3
Catholic	4,635	2,005	2,630	24.0	22.5	25.4
Christian Orthodox	525	250	275	2.7	2.8	2.7
Jehovah's Witness	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	115	60	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Presbyterian	135	75	65	0.7	0.8	0.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	215	95	120	1.1	1.1	1.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	420	175	245	2.2	2.0	2.4
Hindu	125	70	50	0.6	0.8	0.5
Jewish	4,330	2,010	2,320	22.5	22.5	22.4
Muslim	705	305	400	3.7	3.4	3.9
Sikh	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	120	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	6,065	3,055	3,010	31.4	34.2	29.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,195	8,875	10,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	17,290	7,950	9,335	90.1	89.6	90.5
Movers	1,915	930	985	10.0	10.5	9.5
Non-migrants	1,065	520	550	5.5	5.9	5.3
Migrants	845	410	435	4.4	4.6	4.2
Internal migrants	395	190	200	2.1	2.1	1.9
Intraprovincial migrants	215	100	115	1.1	1.1	1.1
Interprovincial migrants	175	90	90	0.9	1.0	0.9
External migrants	455	220	230	2.4	2.5	2.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,685	8,625	10,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	11,350	5,285	6,060	60.7	61.3	60.2
Movers	7,335	3,335	4,000	39.3	38.7	39.8
Non-migrants	1,900	880	1,020	10.2	10.2	10.1
Migrants	5,435	2,450	2,980	29.1	28.4	29.6
Internal migrants	3,380	1,525	1,850	18.1	17.7	18.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,010	1,355	1,650	16.1	15.7	16.4
Interprovincial migrants	370	165	205	2.0	1.9	2.0
External migrants	2,060	930	1,125	11.0	10.8	11.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,450	7,455	8,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	895	495	400	5.4	6.6	4.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,555	6,955	8,595	94.6	93.3	95.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,700	3,900	4,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	150	80	70	1.7	2.1	1.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,550	3,825	4,730	98.3	98.1	98.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,450	7,450	9,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	855	475	375	5.2	6.4	4.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,315	1,020	1,295	14.1	13.7	14.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,280	5,955	7,330	80.7	79.9	81.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,865	1,260	1,605	17.4	16.9	17.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	345	165	185	2.1	2.2	2.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	265	115	150	1.6	1.5	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	80	50	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,040	915	1,120	12.4	12.3	12.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	485	180	305	2.9	2.4	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,415	4,695	5,720	63.3	63.0	63.6
Bachelor's degree	4,890	2,055	2,840	29.7	27.6	31.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,000	425	575	6.1	5.7	6.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	645	380	265	3.9	5.1	2.9
Master's degree	3,140	1,435	1,705	19.1	19.3	18.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	730	395	335	4.4	5.3	3.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,700	3,905	4,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	125	65	65	1.4	1.7	1.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	655	325	335	7.5	8.3	7.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,915	3,515	4,395	91.0	90.0	91.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,350	645	705	15.5	16.5	14.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	220	115	105	2.5	2.9	2.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	170	80	90	2.0	2.0	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	50	35	20	0.6	0.9	0.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	875	440	440	10.1	11.3	9.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	255	95	160	2.9	2.4	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,565	2,875	3,690	75.5	73.6	76.9
Bachelor's degree	3,095	1,285	1,805	35.6	32.9	37.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	565	230	335	6.5	5.9	7.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	185	190	4.3	4.7	4.0
Master's degree	2,095	985	1,115	24.1	25.2	23.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	440	195	250	5.1	5.0	5.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,450	7,455	9,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,165	1,495	1,670	19.2	20.1	18.6
Education	775	100	680	4.7	1.3	7.6
13. Education	775	100	680	4.7	1.3	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	855	250	600	5.2	3.4	6.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	830	240	590	5.0	3.2	6.6
Humanities	1,430	475	960	8.7	6.4	10.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215	30	190	1.3	0.4	2.1
23. English language and literature/letters	350	130	220	2.1	1.7	2.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	445	130	315	2.7	1.7	3.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	80	45	0.8	1.1	0.5
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	20	10	0.1	0.3	0.1
54. History	145	65	75	0.9	0.9	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	10	70	0.5	0.1	0.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,845	1,225	1,620	17.3	16.4	18.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	95	160	1.5	1.3	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	120	15	105	0.7	0.2	1.2
22. Legal professions and studies	885	465	420	5.4	6.2	4.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	405	65	340	2.5	0.9	3.8
45. Social sciences	1,115	565	540	6.8	7.6	6.0
Business, management and public administration	3,530	1,805	1,725	21.5	24.2	19.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	255	35	215	1.6	0.5	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,280	1,770	1,510	19.9	23.7	16.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	665	320	340	4.0	4.3	3.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	275	120	160	1.7	1.6	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	55	105	1.0	0.7	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	210	140	65	1.3	1.9	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	345	195	145	2.1	2.6	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	220	140	75	1.3	1.9	0.8
25. Library science	45	0	45	0.3	0.0	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	50	25	0.4	0.7	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,120	885	235	6.8	11.9	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	180	115	65	1.1	1.5	0.7
14. Engineering	770	610	155	4.7	8.2	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	60	60	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	45	40	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
48. Precision production	40	35	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	70	15	55	0.4	0.2	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.3
Health and related fields	1,490	600	890	9.1	8.0	9.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,115	370	740	6.8	5.0	8.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	315	190	120	1.9	2.5	1.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	160	75	80	1.0	1.0	0.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	115	40	75	0.7	0.5	0.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,705	3,905	4,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	785	385	400	9.0	9.9	8.3
Education	290	40	245	3.3	1.0	5.1
13. Education	290	40	245	3.3	1.0	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	560	150	410	6.4	3.8	8.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	530	135	395	6.1	3.5	8.2
Humanities	585	185	395	6.7	4.7	8.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	0	90	1.1	0.0	1.9
23. English language and literature/letters	145	45	105	1.7	1.2	2.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155	45	115	1.8	1.2	2.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	40	20	0.7	1.0	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
54. History	60	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	25	0.3	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,805	765	1,040	20.7	19.6	21.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.5
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	60	125	2.1	1.5	2.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	85	15	70	1.0	0.4	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	545	260	290	6.3	6.7	6.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
42. Psychology	240	50	195	2.8	1.3	4.1
45. Social sciences	700	375	325	8.0	9.6	6.8
Business, management and public administration	2,310	1,165	1,140	26.5	29.8	23.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	125	25	100	1.4	0.6	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,180	1,145	1,040	25.0	29.3	21.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	350	135	210	4.0	3.5	4.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	190	65	125	2.2	1.7	2.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	25	55	0.9	0.6	1.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	80	50	30	0.9	1.3	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	245	150	95	2.8	3.8	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	185	120	65	2.1	3.1	1.4
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	25	10	0.3	0.6	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	725	545	180	8.3	14.0	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	115	60	50	1.3	1.5	1.0
14. Engineering	500	380	120	5.7	9.7	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30	30	0	0.3	0.8	0.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	35	35	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
48. Precision production	25	25	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	60	15	50	0.7	0.4	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	25	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	10	25	0.3	0.3	0.5
Health and related fields	880	305	575	10.1	7.8	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	645	175	470	7.4	4.5	9.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	185	105	85	2.1	2.7	1.8
Personal, protective and transportation services	115	55	55	1.3	1.4	1.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	80	30	50	0.9	0.8	1.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	25	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,705	3,905	4,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	785	385	400	9.0	9.9	8.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,920	3,520	4,400	91.0	90.1	91.8
Location of study inside Canada	5,375	2,350	3,025	61.7	60.2	63.1
Same as province or territory of residence	4,585	2,050	2,535	52.7	52.5	52.9
Different than province or territory of residence	790	300	490	9.1	7.7	10.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,545	1,170	1,375	29.2	30.0	28.7
Americas	825	410	405	9.5	10.5	8.4
United States of America	665	350	325	7.6	9.0	6.8
Mexico	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Cuba	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	15	20	0.3	0.4	0.4
Colombia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	15	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Europe	755	375	375	8.7	9.6	7.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	270	135	135	3.1	3.5	2.8
Germany	25	20	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	35	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	250	140	115	2.9	3.6	2.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	35	55	1.0	0.9	1.1
Africa	70	25	50	0.8	0.6	1.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Asia	870	355	515	10.0	9.1	10.7
Iran⁸⁸	165	75	90	1.9	1.9	1.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.3
Lebanon	35	10	30	0.4	0.3	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	30	0.7	0.9	0.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	310	135	175	3.6	3.5	3.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Japan	40	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	40	0.5	0.4	0.8
Philippines	50	0	50	0.6	0.0	1.0
Viet Nam	25	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	45	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	50	0	40	0.6	0.0	0.8
Oceania	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
Australia	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
New Zealand	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,450	7,450	8,995	...	...	...
In the labour force	9,400	4,795	4,610	...	...	...
Employed	8,680	4,400	4,285	...	...	...
Unemployed	720	395	325	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	7,045	2,660	4,390	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.1	64.4	51.3	57.1	64.4	51.3
Employment rate	52.8	59.1	47.6	52.8	59.1	47.6
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.2	7.0	7.7	8.2	7.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,450	7,455	9,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,770	2,575	4,190	41.2	34.5	46.6
Worked	9,685	4,875	4,805	58.9	65.4	53.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,965	2,710	2,255	30.2	36.4	25.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,720	2,170	2,545	28.7	29.1	28.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.1	40.1	40.6	41.1	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,405	4,795	4,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	130	90	2.3	2.7	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,185	4,670	4,515	97.7	97.4	97.9
Employee	5,980	2,840	3,135	63.6	59.2	68.0
Permanent position	4,700	2,230	2,465	50.0	46.5	53.5
Temporary position	1,280	610	670	13.6	12.7	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	530	260	270	5.6	5.4	5.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	750	350	400	8.0	7.3	8.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,205	1,825	1,380	34.1	38.1	29.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,405	4,795	4,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	130	90	2.3	2.7	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,185	4,670	4,515	97.7	97.4	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	770	570	200	8.2	11.9	4.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,275	1,095	1,180	24.2	22.8	25.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	720	520	200	7.7	10.8	4.3
3 Health occupations	1,015	430	585	10.8	9.0	12.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,645	670	970	17.5	14.0	21.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	680	220	460	7.2	4.6	10.0
6 Sales and service occupations	1,595	745	850	17.0	15.5	18.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	375	330	40	4.0	6.9	0.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	85	60	25	0.9	1.3	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,405	4,795	4,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	130	90	2.3	2.7	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	9,185	4,670	4,515	97.7	97.4	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	25	15	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
22 Utilities	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
23 Construction	250	185	60	2.7	3.9	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	390	240	145	4.1	5.0	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	520	310	215	5.5	6.5	4.7
44-45 Retail trade	705	315	385	7.5	6.6	8.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	240	160	80	2.6	3.3	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	315	190	125	3.3	4.0	2.7
52 Finance and insurance	660	445	215	7.0	9.3	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	535	280	255	5.7	5.8	5.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,835	1,030	815	19.5	21.5	17.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	30	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	215	110	105	2.3	2.3	2.3
61 Educational services	915	340	575	9.7	7.1	12.5
62 Health care and social assistance	1,285	470	810	13.7	9.8	17.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	240	95	145	2.6	2.0	3.1
72 Accommodation and food services	370	215	155	3.9	4.5	3.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	340	110	230	3.6	2.3	5.0
91 Public administration	240	100	140	2.6	2.1	3.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,310	5,205	5,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,510	1,810	1,700	34.0	34.8	33.2
French	1,025	495	525	9.9	9.5	10.3
Non-official language	85	45	30	0.8	0.9	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	45	30	0.8	0.9	0.6
English and French	5,245	2,640	2,605	50.9	50.7	50.9
English and non-official language(s)	125	70	60	1.2	1.3	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	315	130	180	3.1	2.5	3.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,310	5,205	5,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,050	4,540	4,505	87.8	87.2	88.1
Official languages	8,890	4,455	4,435	86.2	85.6	86.7
English	6,450	3,280	3,175	62.6	63.0	62.1
French	2,435	1,180	1,260	23.6	22.7	24.6
Non-official languages	160	85	75	1.6	1.6	1.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	85	75	1.6	1.6	1.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	60	35	0.9	1.2	0.7
Chinese languages	95	60	35	0.9	1.2	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	50	30	0.8	1.0	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,265	660	605	12.3	12.7	11.8
English and French	1,205	640	570	11.7	12.3	11.1
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,310	5,205	5,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	5,815	2,985	2,830	56.4	57.3	55.3
English	1,385	665	720	13.4	12.8	14.1
French	2,770	1,390	1,380	26.9	26.7	27.0
Non-official language	95	45	45	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	45	45	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.9	0.8	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	125	45	75	1.2	0.9	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,680	4,400	4,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,965	1,890	2,080	45.7	43.0	48.5
Worked outside Canada	110	55	50	1.3	1.3	1.2
No fixed workplace address	375	230	145	4.3	5.2	3.4
Usual place of work	4,235	2,225	2,010	48.8	50.6	46.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,235	2,220	2,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,025	430	605	24.2	19.4	30.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,855	1,550	1,305	67.4	69.8	64.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	300	205	100	7.1	9.2	5.0
Commute to a different province or territory	50	40	0	1.2	1.8	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,615	2,455	2,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	2,835	1,650	1,190	61.4	67.2	55.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,605	1,570	1,040	56.4	64.0	48.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	225	80	145	4.9	3.3	6.7
Public transit	645	275	370	14.0	11.2	17.2
Walked	770	345	430	16.7	14.1	20.0
Bicycle	175	120	50	3.8	4.9	2.3
Other method	185	70	120	4.0	2.9	5.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,615	2,455	2,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,345	670	675	29.1	27.3	31.3
15 to 29 minutes	2,025	1,095	925	43.9	44.6	42.9
30 to 44 minutes	820	455	370	17.8	18.5	17.2
45 to 59 minutes	240	125	120	5.2	5.1	5.6
60 minutes and over	180	110	70	3.9	4.5	3.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,615	2,455	2,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	80	60	20	1.7	2.4	0.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	180	130	50	3.9	5.3	2.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,115	635	485	24.2	25.9	22.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,680	865	810	36.4	35.2	37.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,240	615	630	26.9	25.1	29.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	320	160	160	6.9	6.5	7.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,640	1,870	1,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,635	1,370	1,265	72.4	73.3	71.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,010	505	505	27.7	27.0	28.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,955	1,485	1,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,200	1,120	1,080	74.5	75.4	73.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,885	975	910	63.8	65.7	62.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	310	140	170	10.5	9.4	11.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	755	370	385	25.5	24.9	26.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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