Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Alma, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	30,331	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	30,771^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.4	...	...	- 1.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	14,493	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	13,815	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	155.6	...	...	155.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	194.92	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	30,335	14,960	15,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,640	2,370	2,270	15.3	15.8	14.8
0 to 4 years	1,325	670	655	4.4	4.5	4.3
5 to 9 years	1,540	810	730	5.1	5.4	4.7
10 to 14 years	1,775	895	885	5.9	6.0	5.8
15 to 64 years	18,120	9,175	8,940	59.7	61.3	58.2
15 to 19 years	1,580	785	800	5.2	5.2	5.2
20 to 24 years	1,390	735	660	4.6	4.9	4.3
25 to 29 years	1,445	750	700	4.8	5.0	4.6
30 to 34 years	1,510	755	750	5.0	5.0	4.9
35 to 39 years	1,695	860	835	5.6	5.7	5.4
40 to 44 years	1,905	975	935	6.3	6.5	6.1
45 to 49 years	1,620	830	795	5.3	5.5	5.2
50 to 54 years	1,605	835	780	5.3	5.6	5.1
55 to 59 years	2,480	1,230	1,250	8.2	8.2	8.1
60 to 64 years	2,870	1,425	1,445	9.5	9.5	9.4
65 years and over	7,570	3,410	4,160	25.0	22.8	27.1
65 to 69 years	2,405	1,195	1,210	7.9	8.0	7.9
70 to 74 years	1,785	860	930	5.9	5.7	6.1
75 to 79 years	1,440	630	810	4.7	4.2	5.3
80 to 84 years	960	385	575	3.2	2.6	3.7
85 years and over	980	340	635	3.2	2.3	4.1
85 to 89 years	565	215	350	1.9	1.4	2.3
90 to 94 years	335	100	235	1.1	0.7	1.5
95 to 99 years	60	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.8	14.8	15.3	15.8	14.8
15 to 64 years	59.7	61.3	58.2	59.7	61.3	58.2
65 years and over	25.0	22.8	27.1	25.0	22.8	27.1
85 years and over	3.2	2.3	4.1	3.2	2.3	4.1
Average age of the population	45.6	44.4	46.7	45.6	44.4	46.7
Median age of the population	48.0	46.4	49.6	48.0	46.4	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,150	...	...	51.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,065	...	...	7.7	...	...
Row house	250	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,890	...	...	13.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,230	...	...	23.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.9	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,910	...	...	35.5	...	...
2 persons	5,305	...	...	38.4	...	...
3 persons	1,555	...	...	11.3	...	...
4 persons	1,360	...	...	9.8	...	...
5 or more persons	690	...	...	5.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	29,320	14,645	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	25,685	12,590	13,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	15,165	7,530	7,630	59.0	59.8	58.2
Married	8,075	4,010	4,070	31.4	31.9	31.1
Living common-law	7,085	3,520	3,560	27.6	28.0	27.2
Living common law - Never married	5,495	2,750	2,740	21.4	21.8	20.9
Living common law - Separated	85	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,300	640	655	5.1	5.1	5.0
Living common law - Widowed	205	90	120	0.8	0.7	0.9
Not married and not living common-law	10,525	5,060	5,470	41.0	40.2	41.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,935	3,825	3,110	27.0	30.4	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	320	140	180	1.2	1.1	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,800	770	1,025	7.0	6.1	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,470	320	1,155	5.7	2.5	8.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	8,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,225	...	...	60.5	...	...
3 persons	1,480	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	1,315	...	...	15.2	...	...
5 or more persons	615	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	8,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	7,425	...	...	85.9	...	...
Married couples	3,885	...	...	45.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,075	...	...	12.4	...	...
Without children	2,810	...	...	32.5	...	...
Common-law couples	3,540	...	...	41.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,845	...	...	21.4	...	...
Without children	1,695	...	...	19.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,210	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	855	...	...	9.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	355	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	29,320	14,645	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	23,410	11,635	11,775	79.8	79.4	80.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	14,850	7,395	7,455	50.6	50.5	50.8
Parents in one-parent families	1,215	360	855	4.1	2.5	5.8
Children⁶	7,350	3,880	3,465	25.1	26.5	23.6
In a two-parent family	5,505	2,890	2,610	18.8	19.7	17.8
In a one-parent family	1,845	990	855	6.3	6.8	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,905	3,010	2,900	20.1	20.6	19.8
Living alone	4,905	2,440	2,465	16.7	16.7	16.8
Living with other relatives⁷	475	225	250	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	530	345	185	1.8	2.4	1.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,330	...	...	60.3	...	...
Couple-family households	7,210	...	...	52.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,845	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	4,370	...	...	31.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,120	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	185	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	310	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-person households	4,910	...	...	35.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	24,685	12,275	12,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,275	12,085	12,185	98.3	98.5	98.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,200	33,200	40,000	47,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,280	12,095	12,185	98.4	98.5	98.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,800	30,000	35,600	40,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,470	11,105	10,365	87.0	90.5	83.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	39,600	25,000	32,000	39,600	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,370	8,850	7,520	66.3	72.1	60.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,400	29,400	34,400	40,400	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,580	9,740	10,840	83.4	79.3	87.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,400	11,900	12,600	12,400	11,900	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,950	2,280	1,670	16.0	18.6	13.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,840	5,200	5,520	5,840	5,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,260	3,255	3,005	25.4	26.5	24.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,550	6,000	5,480	6,550
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	24,685	12,275	12,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,290	12,100	12,190	98.4	98.6	98.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,880	55,100	38,680	46,880	55,100	38,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,300	12,110	12,190	98.4	98.7	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,280	45,120	33,480	39,280	45,120	33,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,355	11,100	10,250	86.5	90.4	82.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,920	49,200	32,000	40,920	49,200	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,370	8,950	7,415	66.3	72.9	59.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,640	48,280	35,880	42,640	48,280	35,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,640	9,780	10,860	83.6	79.7	87.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,360	13,200	12,800	12,360	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,930	2,365	1,565	15.9	19.3	12.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,160	7,180	7,140	7,160	7,180	7,140
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,265	3,345	2,920	25.4	27.3	23.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,080	6,670	7,550	7,080	6,670	7,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	24,685	12,275	12,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,825	4,315	3,510	31.7	35.2	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	62,400	48,000	54,800	62,400	48,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,150	70,600	54,050	63,150	70,600	54,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,520	3,350	3,170	26.4	27.3	25.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	24,800	14,900	19,200	24,800	14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	33,600	21,280	27,600	33,600	21,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8	81.8	69.6	76.8	81.8	69.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.3	64.8	56.4	61.3	64.8	56.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.2	18.1	30.4	23.2	18.1	30.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.9	5.9	4.8	3.9	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.4	4.7	3.9	3.4	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	24,685	12,280	12,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	415	185	225	1.7	1.5	1.8
With total income	24,270	12,090	12,185	98.3	98.5	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,570	535	1,040	6.5	4.4	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	3,315	1,200	2,120	13.7	9.9	17.4
$20,000 to $29,999	4,050	1,675	2,380	16.7	13.9	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	3,210	1,440	1,770	13.2	11.9	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,280	1,690	1,590	13.5	14.0	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	2,640	1,485	1,160	10.9	12.3	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,690	1,065	630	7.0	8.8	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,165	720	450	4.8	6.0	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	980	550	430	4.0	4.5	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	600	385	220	2.5	3.2	1.8
$100,000 and over	1,765	1,345	425	7.3	11.1	3.5
$100,000 to $149,999	1,410	1,085	320	5.8	9.0	2.6
$150,000 and over	360	265	95	1.5	2.2	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	24,685	12,280	12,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	405	185	220	1.6	1.5	1.8
With after-tax income	24,280	12,090	12,190	98.4	98.5	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,745	570	1,175	7.2	4.7	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,460	1,290	2,175	14.3	10.7	17.8
$20,000 to $29,999	4,705	1,970	2,740	19.4	16.3	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,175	2,030	2,145	17.2	16.8	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	3,725	2,125	1,605	15.3	17.6	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,335	1,435	900	9.6	11.9	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,595	910	690	6.6	7.5	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	970	610	365	4.0	5.0	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	645	470	180	2.7	3.9	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	395	310	80	1.6	2.6	0.7
$100,000 and over	525	390	140	2.2	3.2	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	310	230	75	1.3	1.9	0.6
$125,000 and over	220	155	65	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	24,685	12,280	12,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,320	3,430	4,885	33.7	27.9	39.4
With employment income	16,365	8,845	7,520	66.3	72.0	60.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,130	1,245	880	13.0	14.1	11.7
$5,000 to $9,999	1,295	535	760	7.9	6.0	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	2,120	915	1,205	13.0	10.3	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	1,810	840	970	11.1	9.5	12.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,805	835	975	11.0	9.4	13.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,655	865	790	10.1	9.8	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,300	770	525	7.9	8.7	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	975	585	390	6.0	6.6	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	725	465	265	4.4	5.3	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	770	415	350	4.7	4.7	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	410	290	120	2.5	3.3	1.6
$100,000 and over	1,380	1,085	290	8.4	12.3	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	820	655	160	5.0	7.4	2.1
$125,000 and over	560	435	130	3.4	4.9	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	24,685	12,275	12,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,925	11,930	11,995	96.9	97.2	96.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	30,000	38,000	46,400	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,960	11,925	12,030	97.1	97.1	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	27,200	33,600	40,000	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,185	10,965	10,220	85.8	89.3	82.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	41,200	25,800	33,200	41,200	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,605	8,930	7,675	67.3	72.7	61.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,600	29,000	34,800	41,600	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,935	8,920	10,015	76.7	72.7	80.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,800	10,200	9,500	8,800	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,900	2,300	1,600	15.8	18.7	12.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,840	5,080	4,520	4,840	5,080	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	24,685	12,275	12,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,930	11,940	11,990	96.9	97.3	96.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,280	54,200	36,400	45,280	54,200	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,970	11,940	12,030	97.1	97.3	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,720	44,080	31,400	37,720	44,080	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,035	10,965	10,070	85.2	89.3	81.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,160	51,080	32,400	42,160	51,080	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,505	9,010	7,495	66.9	73.4	60.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,080	49,520	35,320	43,080	49,520	35,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,860	8,860	10,005	76.4	72.2	80.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,480	9,840	11,040	10,480	9,840	11,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,910	2,340	1,575	15.8	19.1	12.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,450	6,055	7,030	6,450	6,055	7,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	24,685	12,275	12,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,810	4,315	3,495	31.6	35.2	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	61,200	44,800	52,800	61,200	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,850	69,000	50,760	60,850	69,000	50,760
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,240	3,275	2,970	25.3	26.7	23.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	28,000	18,200	22,000	28,000	18,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,960	37,480	23,760	30,960	37,480	23,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.8	86.6	74.8	81.8	86.6	74.8
Employment income (%)	65.6	69.0	60.6	65.6	69.0	60.6
Government transfers (%)	18.2	13.5	25.3	18.2	13.5	25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	13,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800	...	...	31,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...	82,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,100	...	...	69,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,880	...	...	42,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	230	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	370	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	925	...	...	6.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	525	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	560	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	760	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	700	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	650	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,235	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,060	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	950	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	865	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	705	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,135	...	...	29.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,455	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	975	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,100	...	...	8.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	605	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	395	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,010	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	660	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	715	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	910	...	...	6.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	815	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	750	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,340	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,270	...	...	9.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,030	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	910	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	755	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,865	...	...	20.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,340	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	770	...	...	5.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	750	...	...	5.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	8,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,435	2,785	2,650	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	39,600	30,600	34,800	39,600	30,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	34,400	28,400	31,200	34,400	28,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	8,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...	104,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,600	...	...	87,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...	88,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,600	...	...	142,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,200	...	...	117,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...	74,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,600	...	...	64,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,415	2,775	2,640	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,920	47,760	35,800	41,920	47,760	35,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,720	39,480	31,760	35,720	39,480	31,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	29,320	14,645	14,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,610	2,845	2,765	19.1	19.4	18.8
0 to 5 years	1,615	820	790	5.5	5.6	5.4
18 to 64 years	16,980	8,600	8,380	57.9	58.7	57.1
65 years and over	6,735	3,200	3,535	23.0	21.9	24.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,550	1,570	1,980	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	460	235	225	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	140	75	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,665	825	840	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,430	515	915	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.1	10.7	13.5	12.1	10.7	13.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.2	8.2	8.1	8.2	8.2	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	9.2	8.4	8.6	9.2	8.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.6	10.0	9.8	9.6	10.0
65 years and over (%)	21.2	16.0	25.9	21.2	16.0	25.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	29,320	14,645	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,610	2,845	2,760	19.1	19.4	18.8
0 to 5 years	1,615	825	790	5.5	5.6	5.4
18 to 64 years	16,975	8,595	8,380	57.9	58.7	57.1
65 years and over	6,735	3,200	3,535	23.0	21.9	24.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	795	425	375	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	85	35	50	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	20	10	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	640	365	275	...	...	...
65 years and over	75	25	50	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.2	3.3	3.8	4.2	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	29,320	14,645	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	17,060	8,250	8,810	58.2	56.3	60.0
In bottom decile	2,830	1,250	1,585	9.7	8.5	10.8
In second decile	3,395	1,620	1,775	11.6	11.1	12.1
In third decile	3,530	1,715	1,815	12.0	11.7	12.4
In fourth decile	3,725	1,855	1,865	12.7	12.7	12.7
In fifth decile	3,575	1,805	1,770	12.2	12.3	12.1
In top half of the distribution	12,265	6,390	5,870	41.8	43.6	40.0
In sixth decile	3,160	1,670	1,490	10.8	11.4	10.1
In seventh decile	3,120	1,590	1,525	10.6	10.9	10.4
In eighth decile	2,740	1,390	1,350	9.3	9.5	9.2
In ninth decile	2,065	1,105	955	7.0	7.5	6.5
In top decile	1,185	640	545	4.0	4.4	3.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	29,320	...	...	29,320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.289	...	...	0.289	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	...	...	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.249	...	...	0.249	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	30,015	14,810	15,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
French only	24,315	11,440	12,880	81.0	77.2	84.7
English and French	5,655	3,350	2,300	18.8	22.6	15.1
Neither English nor French	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	30,015	14,810	15,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	115	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	29,855	14,730	15,125	99.5	99.5	99.5
English and French	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	30,015	14,810	15,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	29,890	14,750	15,140	99.6	99.6	99.6
Official languages	29,670	14,630	15,045	98.9	98.8	99.0
English	125	70	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
French	29,550	14,560	14,990	98.5	98.3	98.6
Non-official languages	215	125	95	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	55	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	90	70	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	100	55	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	50	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	125	60	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	85	35	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	30,015	14,810	15,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
French	29,390	14,475	14,920	97.9	97.7	98.2
Non-official language	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	345	195	155	1.1	1.3	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	125	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	30,015	14,810	15,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	29,940	14,785	15,160	99.8	99.8	99.7
Official languages	29,830	14,720	15,110	99.4	99.4	99.4
English	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
French	29,760	14,685	15,075	99.2	99.2	99.2
Non-official languages	115	65	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Atikamekw	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	30,015	14,810	15,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	29,560	14,550	15,015	98.5	98.2	98.8
English	290	170	120	1.0	1.1	0.8
French	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	29,325	14,640	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	29,325	14,640	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,660	3,335	2,335	19.3	22.8	15.9
French	29,305	14,630	14,675	99.9	99.9	100.0
Non-official languages	705	370	335	2.4	2.5	2.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	45	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	650	345	305	2.2	2.4	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	485	270	215	1.7	1.8	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	465	250	215	1.6	1.7	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	425	235	195	1.4	1.6	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	29,325	14,645	14,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	935	495	435	3.2	3.4	3.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	855	450	410	2.9	3.1	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	350	170	185	1.2	1.2	1.3
Métis	500	280	220	1.7	1.9	1.5
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	28,390	14,150	14,245	96.8	96.6	97.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	29,325	14,645	14,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	265	145	120	0.9	1.0	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	29,060	14,500	14,555	99.1	99.0	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	9,175	...	...	66.4	...	...
Renter	4,635	...	...	33.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,175	...	...	8.5	...	...
Not condominium	12,635	...	...	91.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	1,345	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,145	...	...	30.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,795	...	...	34.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,510	...	...	25.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,060	...	...	29.4	...	...
5 rooms	2,345	...	...	17.0	...	...
6 rooms	1,665	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	1,565	...	...	11.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,180	...	...	30.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,795	...	...	99.9	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	13,720	...	...	99.3	...	...
Not suitable	100	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,450	...	...	25.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,790	...	...	34.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,730	...	...	12.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,485	...	...	10.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	500	...	...	3.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	575	...	...	4.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	775	...	...	5.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	500	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,165	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	650	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,135	...	...	58.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,590	...	...	40.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	385	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,695	...	...	12.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,100	...	...	15.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,980	...	...	14.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,270	...	...	23.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,620	...	...	19.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,430	...	...	10.4	...	...
85 years and over	340	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,300	...	...	89.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,465	...	...	10.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,390	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,125	...	...	15.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,375	...	...	10.0	...	...
Not suitable only	95	...	...	0.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	565	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	11,690	...	...	84.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	13,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	420	...	...	3.1	...	...
Not in core need	13,270	...	...	96.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,140	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.4	...	...	62.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	958	...	...	958	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	222,200	...	...	222,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,625	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.1	...	...	17.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	576	...	...	576	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	606	...	...	606	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	29,320	14,645	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	735	385	355	2.5	2.6	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	720	380	345	2.5	2.6	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	620	310	305	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis single ancestry	105	65	35	0.4	0.4	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	710	360	355	2.4	2.5	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	710	360	350	2.4	2.5	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	640	320	320	2.2	2.2	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	27,875	13,900	13,970	95.1	94.9	95.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	29,320	14,645	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	29,110	14,525	14,585	99.3	99.2	99.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,550	2,815	2,735	18.9	19.2	18.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	23,560	11,710	11,850	80.4	80.0	80.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	210	120	95	0.7	0.8	0.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	29,320	14,645	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	28,955	14,420	14,535	98.8	98.5	99.0
Immigrants⁸¹	265	145	120	0.9	1.0	0.8
Before 1980	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
1991 to 2000	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	75	50	20	0.3	0.3	0.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	120	50	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
2011 to 2015	70	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
2016 to 2021	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	105	75	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	260	145	120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	50	30	15	19.2	20.7	12.5
5 to 14 years	35	0	25	13.5	0.0	20.8
15 to 24 years	40	35	10	15.4	24.1	8.3
25 to 44 years	140	70	70	53.8	48.3	58.3
45 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	260	145	120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	20	25	19.2	13.8	20.8
Brazil	10	0	0	3.8	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	25	10	15	9.6	6.9	12.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	75	45	25	28.8	31.0	20.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	20	0	9.6	13.8	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	5.8	0.0	8.3
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	15	13.5	13.8	12.5
Africa	100	50	50	38.5	34.5	41.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	25	45	28.8	17.2	37.5
Asia	45	25	20	17.3	17.2	16.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	10	0	3.8	6.9	0.0
Viet Nam	20	10	15	7.7	6.9	12.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	45	25	25	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	15	10	10	33.3	40.0	40.0
France	10	10	0	22.2	40.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	20	10	10	44.4	40.0	40.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	0	10	33.3	0.0	40.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	10	0	0	22.2	0.0	0.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	22.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	29,325	14,645	14,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	440	245	200	1.5	1.7	1.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	350	205	145	1.2	1.4	1.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,535	14,200	14,335	97.3	97.0	97.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	205	110	90	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	80	40	40	39.0	36.4	44.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	50	30	15	24.4	27.3	16.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	30	10	20	14.6	9.1	22.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	105	65	40	51.2	59.1	44.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	0	10	7.3	0.0	11.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	205	110	90	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	4.9	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	25	25	0	12.2	22.7	0.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10	4.9	0.0	11.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	10	0	7.3	9.1	0.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	140	75	65	68.3	68.2	72.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	29,325	14,645	14,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	375	170	205	1.3	1.2	1.4
South Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	185	75	115	0.6	0.5	0.8
Filipino	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Southeast Asian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,950	14,475	14,475	98.7	98.8	98.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	29,320	14,640	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,640	6,255	6,390	43.1	42.7	43.5
English	160	85	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
Irish	570	270	305	1.9	1.8	2.1
Scottish	245	105	140	0.8	0.7	1.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,545	2,920	2,625	18.9	19.9	17.9
German	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	145	75	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indian (India)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Polish	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Québécois	4,355	2,120	2,230	14.9	14.5	15.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Filipino	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	3,915	1,890	2,025	13.4	12.9	13.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	965	505	465	3.3	3.4	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	465	225	240	1.6	1.5	1.6
Métis	185	100	80	0.6	0.7	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	440	230	205	1.5	1.6	1.4
Russian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
American	75	35	35	0.3	0.2	0.2
Spanish	45	30	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	225	100	120	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	110	50	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	75	35	35	0.3	0.2	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	495	250	245	1.7	1.7	1.7
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	165	80	85	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	65	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	60	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazilian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	285	135	145	1.0	0.9	1.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	29,325	14,645	14,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian	23,695	11,570	12,125	80.8	79.0	82.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,805	900	905	6.2	6.1	6.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baptist	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catholic	21,640	10,570	11,070	73.8	72.2	75.4
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	110	45	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	5,490	2,990	2,500	18.7	20.4	17.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	29,010	14,490	14,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	26,310	13,185	13,125	90.7	91.0	90.4
Movers	2,705	1,305	1,405	9.3	9.0	9.7
Non-migrants	1,780	855	920	6.1	5.9	6.3
Migrants	925	445	480	3.2	3.1	3.3
Internal migrants	915	440	470	3.2	3.0	3.2
Intraprovincial migrants	905	435	470	3.1	3.0	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
External migrants	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	27,960	13,940	14,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	19,125	9,615	9,510	68.4	69.0	67.8
Movers	8,835	4,325	4,510	31.6	31.0	32.2
Non-migrants	4,760	2,250	2,505	17.0	16.1	17.9
Migrants	4,075	2,075	2,000	14.6	14.9	14.3
Internal migrants	3,910	1,970	1,935	14.0	14.1	13.8
Intraprovincial migrants	3,845	1,930	1,915	13.8	13.8	13.7
Interprovincial migrants	65	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
External migrants	170	105	65	0.6	0.8	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,685	12,275	12,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,675	2,920	2,750	23.0	23.8	22.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,010	9,355	9,655	77.0	76.2	77.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,015	7,540	7,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,605	1,455	1,145	17.3	19.3	15.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,410	6,080	6,325	82.7	80.6	84.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,685	12,280	12,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,855	2,355	2,505	19.7	19.2	20.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,045	2,345	2,700	20.4	19.1	21.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,780	7,580	7,205	59.9	61.7	58.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,560	6,160	5,400	46.8	50.2	43.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,830	3,560	2,270	23.6	29.0	18.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,225	2,335	1,890	17.1	19.0	15.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,605	1,225	375	6.5	10.0	3.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,920	2,310	2,610	19.9	18.8	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	815	290	530	3.3	2.4	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,220	1,420	1,800	13.0	11.6	14.5
Bachelor's degree	2,320	970	1,350	9.4	7.9	10.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	260	125	135	1.1	1.0	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105	55	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	480	225	245	1.9	1.8	2.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,010	7,535	7,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,995	1,040	960	13.3	13.8	12.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,150	995	1,150	14.3	13.2	15.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,865	5,500	5,360	72.4	73.0	71.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,440	4,545	3,895	56.2	60.3	52.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,455	2,695	1,765	29.7	35.8	23.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,310	1,810	1,500	22.1	24.0	20.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,150	880	265	7.7	11.7	3.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,550	1,725	1,820	23.7	22.9	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	435	125	310	2.9	1.7	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,420	960	1,460	16.1	12.7	19.5
Bachelor's degree	1,710	655	1,055	11.4	8.7	14.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	190	75	115	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	40	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	385	160	225	2.6	2.1	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	24,685	12,275	12,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,900	4,695	5,205	40.1	38.2	41.9
Education	1,290	280	1,010	5.2	2.3	8.1
13. Education	1,290	280	1,010	5.2	2.3	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	330	160	170	1.3	1.3	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	285	135	150	1.2	1.1	1.2
Humanities	500	255	245	2.0	2.1	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	300	135	170	1.2	1.1	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	45	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	780	220	565	3.2	1.8	4.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	110	60	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	325	10	310	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	80	45	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	110	25	85	0.4	0.2	0.7
45. Social sciences	115	65	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Business, management and public administration	3,050	925	2,125	12.4	7.5	17.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	45	240	1.2	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,765	880	1,885	11.2	7.2	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	330	185	145	1.3	1.5	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	55	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	85	60	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	370	240	125	1.5	2.0	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	305	235	75	1.2	1.9	0.6
25. Library science	50	0	45	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,970	3,735	240	16.1	30.4	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	60	35	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	235	210	30	1.0	1.7	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	970	840	130	3.9	6.8	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	970	955	15	3.9	7.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	925	900	20	3.7	7.3	0.2
48. Precision production	810	795	15	3.3	6.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	570	395	165	2.3	3.2	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255	120	130	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	315	270	40	1.3	2.2	0.3
Health and related fields	2,140	355	1,785	8.7	2.9	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,010	280	1,730	8.1	2.3	13.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,455	825	625	5.9	6.7	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	710	140	570	2.9	1.1	4.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	235	220	20	1.0	1.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	500	460	40	2.0	3.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,010	7,540	7,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,145	2,035	2,115	27.6	27.0	28.3
Education	760	130	630	5.1	1.7	8.4
13. Education	760	130	630	5.1	1.7	8.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	240	100	130	1.6	1.3	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	210	90	120	1.4	1.2	1.6
Humanities	265	150	115	1.8	2.0	1.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	85	60	1.0	1.1	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
54. History	35	35	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	560	140	420	3.7	1.9	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	50	30	0.5	0.7	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	255	0	250	1.7	0.0	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	75	15	60	0.5	0.2	0.8
45. Social sciences	70	40	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
Business, management and public administration	2,275	585	1,690	15.2	7.8	22.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	215	30	185	1.4	0.4	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,060	555	1,505	13.7	7.4	20.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	195	105	90	1.3	1.4	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	30	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	70	50	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	215	110	2.2	2.9	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	280	210	70	1.9	2.8	0.9
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,000	2,805	195	20.0	37.2	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	60	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	190	160	30	1.3	2.1	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	730	630	105	4.9	8.4	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	700	685	10	4.7	9.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	680	655	20	4.5	8.7	0.3
48. Precision production	645	640	0	4.3	8.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	500	360	140	3.3	4.8	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	225	110	115	1.5	1.5	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	275	250	25	1.8	3.3	0.3
Health and related fields	1,595	245	1,350	10.6	3.2	18.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,480	175	1,305	9.9	2.3	17.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,150	660	485	7.7	8.8	6.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	540	95	445	3.6	1.3	6.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	210	195	15	1.4	2.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	395	370	25	2.6	4.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,010	7,540	7,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,145	2,035	2,115	27.6	27.0	28.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,860	5,505	5,360	72.4	73.0	71.7
Location of study inside Canada	10,755	5,430	5,320	71.7	72.0	71.2
Same as province or territory of residence	10,705	5,415	5,295	71.3	71.8	70.8
Different than province or territory of residence	45	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	110	70	40	0.7	0.9	0.5
Americas	35	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
United States of America	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	50	35	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Belgium	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	24,685	12,280	12,410	...	...	...
In the labour force	14,470	7,690	6,780	...	...	...
Employed	13,705	7,220	6,485	...	...	...
Unemployed	765	470	295	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,215	4,590	5,630	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.6	62.6	54.6	58.6	62.6	54.6
Employment rate	55.5	58.8	52.3	55.5	58.8	52.3
Unemployment rate	5.3	6.1	4.4	5.3	6.1	4.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	24,685	12,275	12,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	9,905	4,345	5,560	40.1	35.4	44.8
Worked	14,780	7,930	6,850	59.9	64.6	55.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,980	4,400	3,580	32.3	35.8	28.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,800	3,525	3,270	27.5	28.7	26.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.2	41.6	41.9	42.2	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	14,465	7,690	6,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	300	145	160	2.1	1.9	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	14,170	7,550	6,620	98.0	98.2	97.6
Employee	12,935	6,795	6,140	89.4	88.4	90.6
Permanent position	10,615	5,610	5,010	73.4	73.0	73.9
Temporary position	2,320	1,190	1,135	16.0	15.5	16.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	755	335	425	5.2	4.4	6.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,560	855	710	10.8	11.1	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,235	755	485	8.5	9.8	7.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	14,465	7,690	6,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	300	145	160	2.1	1.9	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	14,170	7,550	6,620	98.0	98.2	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	185	145	40	1.3	1.9	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,940	650	1,295	13.4	8.5	19.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	800	650	155	5.5	8.5	2.3
3 Health occupations	1,300	235	1,070	9.0	3.1	15.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,845	460	1,385	12.8	6.0	20.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	240	130	110	1.7	1.7	1.6
6 Sales and service occupations	3,930	1,645	2,280	27.2	21.4	33.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,765	2,605	160	19.1	33.9	2.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	330	295	40	2.3	3.8	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	830	730	105	5.7	9.5	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	14,465	7,690	6,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	300	145	160	2.1	1.9	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	14,170	7,550	6,620	98.0	98.2	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	355	295	65	2.5	3.8	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120	115	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
22 Utilities	185	160	20	1.3	2.1	0.3
23 Construction	1,165	990	175	8.1	12.9	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	1,820	1,465	350	12.6	19.1	5.2
41 Wholesale trade	275	215	60	1.9	2.8	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	2,160	940	1,220	14.9	12.2	18.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	555	480	80	3.8	6.2	1.2
51 Information and cultural industries	75	50	25	0.5	0.7	0.4
52 Finance and insurance	355	110	245	2.5	1.4	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	90	55	30	0.6	0.7	0.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	675	395	285	4.7	5.1	4.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	475	315	155	3.3	4.1	2.3
61 Educational services	1,145	345	805	7.9	4.5	11.9
62 Health care and social assistance	2,415	465	1,950	16.7	6.0	28.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	135	75	60	0.9	1.0	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	885	370	510	6.1	4.8	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	670	355	315	4.6	4.6	4.6
91 Public administration	610	360	250	4.2	4.7	3.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	15,570	8,320	7,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	40	30	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
French	14,720	7,720	6,995	94.5	92.8	96.5
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	755	525	230	4.8	6.3	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	15,570	8,320	7,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	15,465	8,240	7,225	99.3	99.0	99.7
Official languages	15,445	8,220	7,215	99.2	98.8	99.5
English	100	85	20	0.6	1.0	0.3
French	15,340	8,145	7,200	98.5	97.9	99.3
Non-official languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	110	85	25	0.7	1.0	0.3
English and French	100	85	20	0.6	1.0	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	15,570	8,320	7,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	14,875	7,840	7,030	95.5	94.2	97.0
English	595	390	200	3.8	4.7	2.8
French	75	60	15	0.5	0.7	0.2
Non-official language	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	13,705	7,220	6,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,350	635	715	9.9	8.8	11.0
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,685	1,275	410	12.3	17.7	6.3
Usual place of work	10,660	5,300	5,360	77.8	73.4	82.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	10,660	5,300	5,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,770	3,590	4,180	72.9	67.7	78.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,080	670	410	10.1	12.6	7.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,775	1,015	760	16.7	19.2	14.2
Commute to a different province or territory	30	20	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	12,350	6,575	5,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	11,320	6,035	5,285	91.7	91.8	91.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	10,765	5,795	4,970	87.2	88.1	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	555	240	315	4.5	3.7	5.5
Public transit	35	35	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Walked	685	340	345	5.5	5.2	6.0
Bicycle	80	50	25	0.6	0.8	0.4
Other method	235	120	115	1.9	1.8	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	12,350	6,575	5,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,625	3,825	3,805	61.7	58.2	65.9
15 to 29 minutes	2,350	1,260	1,095	19.0	19.2	19.0
30 to 44 minutes	1,125	685	440	9.1	10.4	7.6
45 to 59 minutes	715	460	260	5.8	7.0	4.5
60 minutes and over	525	355	170	4.3	5.4	2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	12,350	6,575	5,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	925	780	150	7.5	11.9	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,225	1,620	605	18.0	24.6	10.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,295	1,985	2,305	34.8	30.2	39.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,275	925	1,350	18.4	14.1	23.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	825	280	540	6.7	4.3	9.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,805	985	825	14.6	15.0	14.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,730	2,905	2,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	255	125	130	4.5	4.3	4.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,475	2,785	2,695	95.5	95.9	95.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,305	2,185	2,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	185	90	95	4.3	4.1	4.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	110	50	60	2.6	2.3	2.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	40	35	1.7	1.8	1.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,120	2,100	2,015	95.7	96.1	95.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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