Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Milton, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	132,979	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	110,128	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	20.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	41,000	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,038	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	365.5	...	...	365.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	363.83	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	132,980	66,075	66,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	31,980	16,375	15,600	24.0	24.8	23.3
0 to 4 years	8,875	4,455	4,420	6.7	6.7	6.6
5 to 9 years	11,055	5,665	5,395	8.3	8.6	8.1
10 to 14 years	12,050	6,260	5,785	9.1	9.5	8.6
15 to 64 years	87,770	43,655	44,120	66.0	66.1	65.9
15 to 19 years	9,520	4,925	4,600	7.2	7.5	6.9
20 to 24 years	6,880	3,630	3,250	5.2	5.5	4.9
25 to 29 years	6,880	3,430	3,450	5.2	5.2	5.2
30 to 34 years	9,270	4,310	4,965	7.0	6.5	7.4
35 to 39 years	11,375	5,265	6,110	8.6	8.0	9.1
40 to 44 years	12,415	5,890	6,525	9.3	8.9	9.8
45 to 49 years	11,040	5,665	5,375	8.3	8.6	8.0
50 to 54 years	8,530	4,510	4,025	6.4	6.8	6.0
55 to 59 years	6,700	3,470	3,230	5.0	5.3	4.8
60 to 64 years	5,155	2,570	2,585	3.9	3.9	3.9
65 years and over	13,225	6,045	7,185	9.9	9.1	10.7
65 to 69 years	4,375	2,005	2,375	3.3	3.0	3.6
70 to 74 years	3,890	1,810	2,080	2.9	2.7	3.1
75 to 79 years	2,400	1,125	1,270	1.8	1.7	1.9
80 to 84 years	1,400	640	755	1.1	1.0	1.1
85 years and over	1,160	460	695	0.9	0.7	1.0
85 to 89 years	740	315	420	0.6	0.5	0.6
90 to 94 years	345	120	225	0.3	0.2	0.3
95 to 99 years	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24.0	24.8	23.3	24.0	24.8	23.3
15 to 64 years	66.0	66.1	65.9	66.0	66.1	65.9
65 years and over	9.9	9.1	10.7	9.9	9.1	10.7
85 years and over	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	35.2	34.7	35.7	35.2	34.7	35.7
Median age of the population	36.0	35.2	36.4	36.0	35.2	36.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,720	...	...	56.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,755	...	...	9.4	...	...
Row house	9,140	...	...	22.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,920	...	...	4.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,185	...	...	5.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,120	...	...	12.8	...	...
2 persons	9,280	...	...	23.2	...	...
3 persons	7,425	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	10,445	...	...	26.1	...	...
5 or more persons	7,765	...	...	19.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	100,995	49,695	51,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	65,225	32,595	32,630	64.6	65.6	63.6
Married	59,470	29,720	29,755	58.9	59.8	58.0
Living common-law	5,750	2,875	2,875	5.7	5.8	5.6
Living common law - Never married	4,005	1,985	2,020	4.0	4.0	3.9
Living common law - Separated	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,340	680	655	1.3	1.4	1.3
Living common law - Widowed	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	35,775	17,100	18,675	35.4	34.4	36.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,345	14,230	12,115	26.1	28.6	23.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,165	845	1,315	2.1	1.7	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,790	1,315	2,470	3.8	2.6	4.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,485	710	2,775	3.5	1.4	5.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	36,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,600	...	...	31.9	...	...
3 persons	8,285	...	...	22.7	...	...
4 persons	11,075	...	...	30.4	...	...
5 or more persons	5,455	...	...	15.0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	36,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,915	...	...	87.6	...	...
Married couples	29,040	...	...	79.7	...	...
With children⁶	21,350	...	...	58.6	...	...
Without children	7,690	...	...	21.1	...	...
Common-law couples	2,870	...	...	7.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,330	...	...	3.7	...	...
Without children	1,540	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,505	...	...	12.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,530	...	...	9.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	975	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	121,235	60,570	60,665	92.2	93.1	91.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	63,825	31,885	31,940	48.6	49.0	48.1
Parents in one-parent families	4,505	975	3,530	3.4	1.5	5.3
Children⁶	52,905	27,710	25,195	40.3	42.6	38.0
In a two-parent family	45,430	23,650	21,790	34.6	36.4	32.8
In a one-parent family	7,475	4,065	3,405	5.7	6.2	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,190	4,490	5,705	7.8	6.9	8.6
Living alone	5,120	2,315	2,805	3.9	3.6	4.2
Living with other relatives⁷	3,220	1,130	2,090	2.4	1.7	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	1,850	1,040	810	1.4	1.6	1.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,510	...	...	73.7	...	...
Couple-family households	26,250	...	...	65.6	...	...
With children⁶	19,165	...	...	47.9	...	...
Without children	7,090	...	...	17.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,260	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,805	...	...	7.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	510	...	...	1.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,380	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	715	...	...	1.8	...	...
One-person households	5,120	...	...	12.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	99,460	48,685	50,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,645	45,835	47,810	94.2	94.1	94.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	57,600	40,400	47,600	57,600	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,710	45,865	47,845	94.2	94.2	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,600	37,200	42,800	49,600	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,790	43,000	41,785	85.3	88.3	82.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	56,800	34,800	45,200	56,800	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,805	38,810	36,000	75.2	79.7	70.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	59,200	38,800	48,400	59,200	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,325	39,610	43,715	83.8	81.4	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,040	3,000	8,200	6,040	3,000	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,815	3,340	5,480	8.9	6.9	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,480	6,000	5,680	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,295	14,165	15,135	29.5	29.1	29.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	99,460	48,680	50,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,675	45,975	47,705	94.2	94.4	93.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,900	71,800	50,440	60,900	71,800	50,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,720	45,990	47,740	94.2	94.5	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,680	57,000	42,680	49,680	57,000	42,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,830	43,085	41,745	85.3	88.5	82.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,350	69,800	46,440	58,350	69,800	46,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,805	38,770	36,030	75.2	79.6	71.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,200	69,600	48,040	59,200	69,600	48,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,430	39,795	43,640	83.9	81.7	85.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,090	7,310	10,710	9,090	7,310	10,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,915	3,335	5,575	9.0	6.9	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,140	5,730	7,980	7,140	5,730	7,980
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,225	14,245	14,985	29.4	29.3	29.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,290	9,070	9,510	9,290	9,070	9,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	99,460	48,680	50,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,855	22,690	17,170	40.1	46.6	33.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,500	84,000	68,000	76,500	84,000	68,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,200	96,300	75,100	87,200	96,300	75,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,675	12,085	14,590	26.8	24.8	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	19,800	16,000	17,800	19,800	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,680	34,840	25,400	29,680	34,840	25,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.8	91.2	80.6	86.8	91.2	80.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	77.6	81.8	72.0	77.6	81.8	72.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.3	8.8	19.4	13.3	8.8	19.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.6	1.9	1.1	0.6	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.2	7.0	5.3	4.2	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	3.9	5.9	4.8	3.9	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	99,460	48,685	50,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	5,810	2,845	2,960	5.8	5.8	5.8
With total income	93,650	45,835	47,815	94.2	94.1	94.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,475	3,755	5,725	10.1	8.2	12.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,885	4,105	5,775	10.6	9.0	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	11,775	5,060	6,720	12.6	11.0	14.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,335	3,915	5,420	10.0	8.5	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,230	3,555	4,680	8.8	7.8	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,690	3,445	4,240	8.2	7.5	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,765	3,300	3,465	7.2	7.2	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,770	3,075	2,690	6.2	6.7	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,950	2,800	2,155	5.3	6.1	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	4,200	2,450	1,745	4.5	5.3	3.6
$100,000 and over	15,570	10,385	5,185	16.6	22.7	10.8
$100,000 to $149,999	10,940	6,940	3,995	11.7	15.1	8.4
$150,000 and over	4,630	3,440	1,190	4.9	7.5	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	99,460	48,685	50,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,750	2,815	2,930	5.8	5.8	5.8
With after-tax income	93,710	45,870	47,840	94.2	94.2	94.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,780	3,855	5,920	10.4	8.4	12.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,355	4,365	5,990	11.1	9.5	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,150	5,640	7,510	14.0	12.3	15.7
$30,000 to $39,999	10,855	4,615	6,240	11.6	10.1	13.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,335	4,645	5,695	11.0	10.1	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,355	4,535	4,820	10.0	9.9	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	7,505	4,055	3,450	8.0	8.8	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,250	3,645	2,600	6.7	7.9	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	5,440	3,085	2,355	5.8	6.7	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,405	2,120	1,290	3.6	4.6	2.7
$100,000 and over	7,270	5,295	1,975	7.8	11.5	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	4,010	2,885	1,125	4.3	6.3	2.4
$125,000 and over	3,260	2,415	850	3.5	5.3	1.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	99,460	48,685	50,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,655	9,880	14,775	24.8	20.3	29.1
With employment income	74,805	38,810	35,995	75.2	79.7	70.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,435	4,315	5,120	12.6	11.1	14.2
$5,000 to $9,999	5,850	2,460	3,385	7.8	6.3	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,330	3,220	4,110	9.8	8.3	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	5,250	2,335	2,910	7.0	6.0	8.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,035	2,275	2,765	6.7	5.9	7.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,300	2,390	2,910	7.1	6.2	8.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,500	2,650	2,845	7.4	6.8	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,265	2,785	2,480	7.0	7.2	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,520	2,525	1,990	6.0	6.5	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,175	2,410	1,770	5.6	6.2	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,815	2,205	1,610	5.1	5.7	4.5
$100,000 and over	13,335	9,230	4,105	17.8	23.8	11.4
$100,000 to $124,999	6,490	4,065	2,425	8.7	10.5	6.7
$125,000 and over	6,845	5,165	1,675	9.2	13.3	4.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	99,460	48,685	50,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,170	44,565	46,600	91.7	91.5	91.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	56,400	38,000	45,600	56,400	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,190	44,575	46,620	91.7	91.6	91.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,800	34,800	40,800	48,800	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,425	42,265	41,155	83.9	86.8	81.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	56,800	36,400	45,600	56,800	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,405	38,540	35,865	74.8	79.2	70.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	58,400	39,600	48,000	58,400	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,410	36,615	40,795	77.8	75.2	80.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,240	612	3,600	1,240	612	3,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,230	2,045	4,185	6.3	4.2	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,040	7,200	6,200	5,040	7,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	99,460	48,680	50,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,180	44,675	46,505	91.7	91.8	91.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,600	70,700	47,000	58,600	70,700	47,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,200	44,685	46,520	91.7	91.8	91.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	55,500	39,720	47,440	55,500	39,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,525	42,350	41,170	84.0	87.0	81.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,900	71,300	46,160	58,900	71,300	46,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,515	38,530	35,985	74.9	79.1	70.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,700	71,200	47,400	59,700	71,200	47,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,500	36,875	40,630	77.9	75.7	80.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,465	3,752	7,020	5,465	3,752	7,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,235	1,985	4,250	6.3	4.1	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,530	6,315	9,570	8,530	6,315	9,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	99,460	48,680	50,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,555	22,475	17,085	39.8	46.2	33.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,500	80,000	62,400	71,500	80,000	62,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,600	91,300	68,900	81,600	91,300	68,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,915	11,270	13,645	25.1	23.2	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	27,200	21,400	23,400	27,200	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,200	42,800	30,720	36,200	42,800	30,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	95.6	87.0	92.0	95.6	87.0
Employment income (%)	83.2	86.8	78.0	83.2	86.8	78.0
Government transfers (%)	7.9	4.4	13.0	7.9	4.4	13.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.4	1.9	1.0	0.4	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	50,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	142,600	...	...	142,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	116,300	...	...	116,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	71,200	...	...	71,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,350	...	...	57,350	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	153,000	...	...	153,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	250	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	455	...	...	1.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	530	...	...	1.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	495	...	...	1.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	625	...	...	1.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	715	...	...	1.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	715	...	...	1.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,645	...	...	4.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,860	...	...	4.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,085	...	...	5.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,100	...	...	5.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,160	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,910	...	...	64.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,645	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,205	...	...	13.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,640	...	...	19.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,415	...	...	18.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	255	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	495	...	...	1.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	595	...	...	1.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	580	...	...	1.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	765	...	...	1.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	815	...	...	2.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	875	...	...	2.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,130	...	...	5.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,440	...	...	6.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,620	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,870	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,965	...	...	7.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,065	...	...	55.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,970	...	...	17.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,530	...	...	13.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,570	...	...	23.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	22,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,970	3,360	3,615	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,400	58,400	48,400	52,400	58,400	48,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	50,000	42,800	46,000	50,000	42,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	34,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,800	...	...	151,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,250	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,400	...	...	166,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,600	...	...	135,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,600	...	...	101,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...	86,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,970	3,250	3,720	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	66,000	74,100	58,850	66,000	74,100	58,850
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,650	59,550	48,440	53,650	59,550	48,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	38,130	19,555	18,575	29.0	30.1	28.0
0 to 5 years	11,000	5,525	5,475	8.4	8.5	8.2
18 to 64 years	80,475	39,595	40,880	61.2	60.9	61.6
65 years and over	12,825	5,910	6,915	9.8	9.1	10.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,680	3,665	4,015	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,700	1,375	1,325	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	795	415	380	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,950	1,890	2,060	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,035	400	635	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.8	5.6	6.1	5.8	5.6	6.1
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	7.0	7.1	7.1	7.0	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	7.5	6.9	7.2	7.5	6.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.8	5.0
65 years and over (%)	8.1	6.8	9.2	8.1	6.8	9.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	38,130	19,550	18,580	29.0	30.0	28.0
0 to 5 years	11,000	5,520	5,480	8.4	8.5	8.3
18 to 64 years	80,475	39,595	40,880	61.2	60.9	61.6
65 years and over	12,825	5,915	6,910	9.8	9.1	10.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,200	1,600	1,595	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,045	550	490	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	295	160	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,895	940	955	...	...	...
65 years and over	260	110	150	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3
65 years and over (%)	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.1	1.9	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,430	23,585	24,845	36.8	36.3	37.4
In bottom decile	6,580	3,185	3,400	5.0	4.9	5.1
In second decile	7,965	3,810	4,155	6.1	5.9	6.3
In third decile	9,840	4,765	5,070	7.5	7.3	7.6
In fourth decile	11,210	5,490	5,715	8.5	8.4	8.6
In fifth decile	12,840	6,335	6,500	9.8	9.7	9.8
In top half of the distribution	83,000	41,475	41,525	63.2	63.7	62.6
In sixth decile	14,000	6,945	7,050	10.7	10.7	10.6
In seventh decile	16,180	7,990	8,190	12.3	12.3	12.3
In eighth decile	17,500	8,655	8,850	13.3	13.3	13.3
In ninth decile	18,880	9,475	9,405	14.4	14.6	14.2
In top decile	16,440	8,415	8,025	12.5	12.9	12.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	131,430	...	...	131,430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.296	...	...	0.296	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...	0.380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257	...	...	0.257	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	131,640	65,150	66,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	118,955	59,930	59,020	90.4	92.0	88.8
French only	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10,245	4,375	5,870	7.8	6.7	8.8
Neither English nor French	2,335	800	1,530	1.8	1.2	2.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	131,640	65,150	66,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	126,525	63,090	63,435	96.1	96.8	95.4
French	1,630	740	885	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	1,220	550	665	0.9	0.8	1.0
Neither English nor French	2,270	765	1,500	1.7	1.2	2.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	131,640	65,150	66,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,550	59,675	60,870	91.6	91.6	91.5
Official languages	74,635	37,485	37,155	56.7	57.5	55.9
English	73,185	36,830	36,355	55.6	56.5	54.7
French	1,450	650	795	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official languages	45,910	22,195	23,720	34.9	34.1	35.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45,910	22,195	23,715	34.9	34.1	35.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,835	2,920	2,915	4.4	4.5	4.4
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,760	2,885	2,880	4.4	4.4	4.3
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5,410	2,720	2,695	4.1	4.2	4.1
Aramaic languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	525	230	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	515	225	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,370	1,040	1,330	1.8	1.6	2.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,015	870	1,145	1.5	1.3	1.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,250	1,100	1,150	1.7	1.7	1.7
Kannada	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	435	215	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	1,115	545	565	0.8	0.8	0.8
Telugu	595	290	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tulu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30,940	15,060	15,885	23.5	23.1	23.9
Albanian	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,785	1,730	2,055	2.9	2.7	3.1
Baltic languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,730	1,705	2,025	2.8	2.6	3.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	1,730	790	945	1.3	1.2	1.4
Russian	535	230	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	900	435	465	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	520	250	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	315	150	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	640	295	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	365	160	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	345	145	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	19,965	9,900	10,060	15.2	15.2	15.1
Indo-Aryan languages	18,775	9,320	9,460	14.3	14.3	14.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	455	230	225	0.3	0.4	0.3
Gujarati	960	460	505	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hindi	1,450	710	735	1.1	1.1	1.1
Kacchi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nepali	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,350	1,170	1,175	1.8	1.8	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	12,750	6,350	6,400	9.7	9.7	9.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,190	585	600	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baluchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	285	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	875	430	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	575	285	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,125	2,925	3,195	4.7	4.5	4.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,005	490	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	1,650	775	875	1.3	1.2	1.3
Romanian	365	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	3,090	1,475	1,615	2.3	2.3	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	560	260	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	385	175	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,305	1,045	1,265	1.8	1.6	1.9
Chinese languages	2,275	1,025	1,250	1.7	1.6	1.9
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,510	680	825	1.1	1.0	1.2
Min Dong	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	670	300	370	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	195	100	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,095	5,475	5,620	8.4	8.4	8.5
English and French	650	310	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	9,450	4,720	4,725	7.2	7.2	7.1
French and non-official language(s)	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	115	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	565	260	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	131,640	65,150	66,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	74,705	37,405	37,295	56.7	57.4	56.1
French	410	210	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	10,210	4,765	5,445	7.8	7.3	8.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,210	4,765	5,445	7.8	7.3	8.2
English and French	1,455	650	805	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	42,310	20,995	21,315	32.1	32.2	32.1
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,495	665	835	1.1	1.0	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	950	420	525	0.7	0.6	0.8
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	131,640	65,150	66,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	118,890	58,795	60,095	90.3	90.2	90.4
Official languages	93,025	46,210	46,815	70.7	70.9	70.4
English	92,340	45,885	46,455	70.1	70.4	69.9
French	680	320	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	25,870	12,590	13,285	19.7	19.3	20.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,870	12,590	13,285	19.7	19.3	20.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,275	1,630	1,650	2.5	2.5	2.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,230	1,610	1,620	2.5	2.5	2.4
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,055	1,520	1,530	2.3	2.3	2.3
Aramaic languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	305	135	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,120	520	605	0.9	0.8	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	935	430	500	0.7	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,395	680	720	1.1	1.0	1.1
Kannada	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	775	375	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Telugu	365	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tulu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,355	8,455	8,900	13.2	13.0	13.4
Albanian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,675	805	875	1.3	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,665	795	870	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	770	360	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	330	155	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	355	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	200	95	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	12,605	6,185	6,415	9.6	9.5	9.6
Indo-Aryan languages	11,970	5,870	6,100	9.1	9.0	9.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	295	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	580	275	310	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hindi	780	385	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,510	740	765	1.1	1.1	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	8,355	4,115	4,245	6.3	6.3	6.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	630	315	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	440	220	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	295	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,835	1,355	1,480	2.2	2.1	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	205	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	575	270	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,875	910	965	1.4	1.4	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	400	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,500	710	790	1.1	1.1	1.2
Chinese languages	1,485	700	785	1.1	1.1	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,120	530	595	0.9	0.8	0.9
Min Dong	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	160	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	12,750	6,355	6,395	9.7	9.8	9.6
English and French	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	11,980	6,015	5,965	9.1	9.2	9.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	131,640	65,150	66,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	95,960	47,680	48,280	72.9	73.2	72.6
English	13,110	6,550	6,560	10.0	10.1	9.9
French	1,285	575	710	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-official language	16,900	8,215	8,685	12.8	12.6	13.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	16,900	8,215	8,685	12.8	12.6	13.1
English and French	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,685	870	820	1.3	1.3	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	615	265	350	0.5	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,820	875	945	1.4	1.3	1.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	129,100	64,210	64,885	98.2	98.7	97.8
English	128,975	64,175	64,805	98.1	98.6	97.6
French	10,350	4,405	5,945	7.9	6.8	9.0
Non-official languages	66,245	32,475	33,775	50.4	49.9	50.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	66,240	32,475	33,765	50.4	49.9	50.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,845	4,490	4,355	6.7	6.9	6.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	8,775	4,450	4,325	6.7	6.8	6.5
Amharic	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	8,415	4,280	4,140	6.4	6.6	6.2
Aramaic languages	280	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	125	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	765	335	430	0.6	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	755	330	425	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,310	1,470	1,845	2.5	2.3	2.8
Bikol	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,075	1,370	1,705	2.3	2.1	2.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	3,900	1,955	1,940	3.0	3.0	2.9
Kannada	295	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malayalam	775	365	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tamil	2,105	1,055	1,050	1.6	1.6	1.6
Telugu	1,095	575	520	0.8	0.9	0.8
Tulu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45,330	22,390	22,935	34.5	34.4	34.6
Albanian	270	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,780	2,265	2,515	3.6	3.5	3.8
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,750	2,250	2,495	3.6	3.5	3.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	2,295	1,005	1,290	1.7	1.5	1.9
Russian	835	345	485	0.6	0.5	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,225	650	575	0.9	1.0	0.9
Bosnian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	855	460	390	0.7	0.7	0.6
Serbian	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	315	150	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,335	690	650	1.0	1.1	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	895	475	420	0.7	0.7	0.6
German	865	455	410	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	395	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	340	160	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	30,275	15,200	15,080	23.0	23.4	22.7
Indo-Aryan languages	29,000	14,545	14,455	22.1	22.4	21.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	735	355	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Gujarati	1,620	795	825	1.2	1.2	1.2
Hindi	6,780	3,415	3,365	5.2	5.2	5.1
Kacchi	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	215	95	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Marathi	430	190	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Nepali	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Odia	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,085	3,135	2,955	4.6	4.8	4.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	400	210	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	19,830	10,010	9,820	15.1	15.4	14.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	270	155	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages	1,700	845	850	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	610	310	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian languages	1,170	585	590	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dari	805	415	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	310	130	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,875	4,220	4,660	6.8	6.5	7.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,930	905	1,025	1.5	1.4	1.5
Portuguese	2,440	1,215	1,225	1.9	1.9	1.8
Romanian	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	4,530	2,110	2,420	3.4	3.2	3.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	720	370	355	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,405	675	730	1.1	1.0	1.1
Akan (Twi)	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	160	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	705	355	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	380	145	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
American Sign Language	370	140	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,870	1,330	1,540	2.2	2.0	2.3
Chinese languages	2,855	1,315	1,535	2.2	2.0	2.3
Hakka	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,005	875	1,125	1.5	1.3	1.7
Min Dong	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,080	545	540	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	440	245	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Azerbaijani	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kazakh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	410	225	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	945	420	525	0.7	0.6	0.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	845	375	475	0.6	0.6	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	535	225	310	0.4	0.3	0.5
Métis	295	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	130,485	64,640	65,840	99.3	99.4	99.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	295	100	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	131,135	64,960	66,175	99.8	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,085	...	...	82.6	...	...
Renter	6,950	...	...	17.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,285	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not condominium	34,755	...	...	86.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	1,810	...	...	4.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,815	...	...	12.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,505	...	...	41.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,805	...	...	42.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,005	...	...	17.5	...	...
5 rooms	6,025	...	...	15.0	...	...
6 rooms	7,340	...	...	18.3	...	...
7 rooms	6,485	...	...	16.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,190	...	...	32.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	38,360	...	...	95.8	...	...
More than one person per room	1,675	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	37,450	...	...	93.5	...	...
Not suitable	2,585	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,165	...	...	5.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,385	...	...	13.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,895	...	...	4.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,375	...	...	3.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	6,660	...	...	16.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	8,770	...	...	21.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	7,330	...	...	18.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,455	...	...	16.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,960	...	...	97.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,075	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,540	...	...	38.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,170	...	...	55.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,325	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,735	...	...	11.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,565	...	...	28.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,835	...	...	27.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,460	...	...	16.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,020	...	...	10.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,755	...	...	4.4	...	...
85 years and over	525	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,750	...	...	74.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,075	...	...	25.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,350	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,725	...	...	31.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,155	...	...	22.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,920	...	...	4.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	650	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	570	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	335	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,315	...	...	68.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,605	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not in core need	35,490	...	...	90.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,000	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	78.7	...	...	78.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.9	...	...	21.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,320	...	...	2,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,274	...	...	2,274	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000	...	...	950,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,022,000	...	...	1,022,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,950	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.6	...	...	41.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.7	...	...	21.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,200	...	...	2,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,042	...	...	2,042	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,220	560	665	0.9	0.9	1.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,170	535	640	0.9	0.8	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	830	355	480	0.6	0.5	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	305	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	129,940	64,385	65,555	98.9	99.0	98.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	115,630	57,320	58,310	88.0	88.1	87.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	34,735	17,560	17,175	26.4	27.0	25.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,895	39,760	41,135	61.5	61.1	62.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	15,800	7,740	8,060	12.0	11.9	12.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	74,110	37,105	37,015	56.4	57.0	55.8
Immigrants⁸¹	55,275	26,965	28,305	42.1	41.4	42.6
Before 1980	5,385	2,645	2,745	4.1	4.1	4.1
1980 to 1990	4,380	2,065	2,315	3.3	3.2	3.5
1991 to 2000	10,500	5,245	5,255	8.0	8.1	7.9
2001 to 2010	17,095	8,185	8,910	13.0	12.6	13.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	17,910	8,830	9,085	13.6	13.6	13.7
2011 to 2015	8,830	4,350	4,480	6.7	6.7	6.8
2016 to 2021	9,085	4,485	4,605	6.9	6.9	6.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,045	995	1,055	1.6	1.5	1.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	55,270	26,970	28,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	6,495	3,270	3,225	11.8	12.1	11.4
5 to 14 years	11,125	5,625	5,495	20.1	20.9	19.4
15 to 24 years	8,615	3,685	4,935	15.6	13.7	17.4
25 to 44 years	24,155	12,115	12,045	43.7	44.9	42.6
45 years and over	4,880	2,275	2,605	8.8	8.4	9.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	55,270	26,970	28,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	6,640	3,120	3,515	12.0	11.6	12.4
Brazil	280	130	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombia	755	340	420	1.4	1.3	1.5
El Salvador	135	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guyana	380	175	205	0.7	0.6	0.7
Haiti	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	1,135	540	595	2.1	2.0	2.1
Mexico	335	170	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Peru	130	50	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	525	240	285	0.9	0.9	1.0
United States of America	1,340	655	680	2.4	2.4	2.4
Other places of birth in Americas	1,605	755	850	2.9	2.8	3.0
Europe	8,455	4,090	4,365	15.3	15.2	15.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	205	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	310	170	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
France	85	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Germany	260	115	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Greece	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italy	585	305	280	1.1	1.1	1.0
Netherlands	210	120	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Poland	1,435	590	845	2.6	2.2	3.0
Portugal	850	410	445	1.5	1.5	1.6
Romania	335	170	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian Federation	265	135	125	0.5	0.5	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	75	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	215	70	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,330	1,115	1,210	4.2	4.1	4.3
Other places of birth in Europe	1,135	585	555	2.1	2.2	2.0
Africa	5,015	2,480	2,540	9.1	9.2	9.0
Algeria	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Egypt	2,135	1,070	1,060	3.9	4.0	3.7
Eritrea	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	995	520	475	1.8	1.9	1.7
Somalia	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	330	140	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	1,310	630	685	2.4	2.3	2.4
Asia	35,065	17,240	17,830	63.4	63.9	63.0
Afghanistan	665	340	325	1.2	1.3	1.1
Iran⁸⁸	225	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iraq	1,845	955	890	3.3	3.5	3.1
Lebanon	350	190	155	0.6	0.7	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	535	260	270	1.0	1.0	1.0
Turkey	185	105	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	1,480	675	800	2.7	2.5	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	305	135	170	0.6	0.5	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	510	235	280	0.9	0.9	1.0
Taiwan	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	3,200	1,415	1,785	5.8	5.2	6.3
Viet Nam	595	255	340	1.1	0.9	1.2
Bangladesh	345	170	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
India	8,510	4,290	4,220	15.4	15.9	14.9
Pakistan	11,600	5,750	5,850	21.0	21.3	20.7
Sri Lanka	815	400	415	1.5	1.5	1.5
Other places of birth in Asia	3,840	1,930	1,910	6.9	7.2	6.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	9,085	4,485	4,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	885	430	455	9.7	9.6	9.9
Brazil	105	50	55	1.2	1.1	1.2
Colombia	80	40	45	0.9	0.9	1.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	30	35	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mexico	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
United States of America	320	160	160	3.5	3.6	3.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	145	60	90	1.6	1.3	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	135	80	55	1.5	1.8	1.2
Europe	375	160	210	4.1	3.6	4.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Italy	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Ukraine	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	50	70	1.3	1.1	1.5
Other places of birth in Europe	155	55	95	1.7	1.2	2.1
Africa	1,155	530	630	12.7	11.8	13.7
Algeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	350	155	195	3.9	3.5	4.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	525	245	280	5.8	5.5	6.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	35	40	0.8	0.8	0.9
Sudan⁹⁷	70	35	35	0.8	0.8	0.8
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	110	45	65	1.2	1.0	1.4
Asia	6,665	3,365	3,300	73.4	75.0	71.7
Afghanistan	70	50	20	0.8	1.1	0.4
Bangladesh	80	35	50	0.9	0.8	1.1
China⁹⁰	295	130	160	3.2	2.9	3.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	2,125	1,065	1,065	23.4	23.7	23.2
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iraq	510	285	225	5.6	6.4	4.9
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jordan	95	55	45	1.0	1.2	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	80	45	35	0.9	1.0	0.8
Lebanon	25	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	1,600	800	805	17.6	17.8	17.5
Philippines	445	210	235	4.9	4.7	5.1
Saudi Arabia	280	155	120	3.1	3.5	2.6
Sri Lanka	45	30	20	0.5	0.7	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	315	165	155	3.5	3.7	3.4
Turkey	60	40	20	0.7	0.9	0.4
United Arab Emirates	240	115	125	2.6	2.6	2.7
Viet Nam	60	15	50	0.7	0.3	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	240	115	120	2.6	2.6	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Australia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	58,415	28,505	29,905	44.4	43.8	45.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	38,910	19,530	19,370	29.6	30.0	29.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	34,105	17,020	17,085	25.9	26.2	25.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	49,885	24,325	25,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	31,020	16,150	14,870	62.2	66.4	58.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,700	7,655	3,040	21.4	31.5	11.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	20,320	8,495	11,825	40.7	34.9	46.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,650	5,075	7,575	25.4	20.9	29.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,925	2,960	2,960	11.9	12.2	11.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	290	135	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	49,885	24,325	25,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,735	1,450	1,280	5.5	6.0	5.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,975	1,440	1,540	6.0	5.9	6.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	885	470	420	1.8	1.9	1.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,835	1,030	805	3.7	4.2	3.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	200	115	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	41,260	19,820	21,435	82.7	81.5	83.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	72,535	35,930	36,610	55.2	55.2	55.2
South Asian	37,100	18,635	18,460	28.2	28.6	27.8
Chinese	3,685	1,725	1,960	2.8	2.7	3.0
Black	7,655	3,680	3,970	5.8	5.7	6.0
Filipino	5,300	2,495	2,810	4.0	3.8	4.2
Arab	7,405	3,720	3,685	5.6	5.7	5.6
Latin American	3,405	1,610	1,790	2.6	2.5	2.7
Southeast Asian	1,285	665	625	1.0	1.0	0.9
West Asian	1,765	915	850	1.3	1.4	1.3
Korean	810	430	380	0.6	0.7	0.6
Japanese	280	170	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,165	545	610	0.9	0.8	0.9
Multiple visible minorities	2,685	1,330	1,355	2.0	2.0	2.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	58,895	29,135	29,765	44.8	44.8	44.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,550	5,700	5,850	8.8	8.8	8.8
English	14,575	7,145	7,430	11.1	11.0	11.2
Irish	11,850	5,705	6,145	9.0	8.8	9.3
Scottish	12,010	5,845	6,160	9.1	9.0	9.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,435	2,110	2,325	3.4	3.2	3.5
German	5,985	2,860	3,130	4.6	4.4	4.7
Chinese	4,480	2,075	2,405	3.4	3.2	3.6
Italian	7,620	3,880	3,740	5.8	6.0	5.6
Indian (India)	14,120	6,950	7,175	10.7	10.7	10.8
Ukrainian	2,525	1,110	1,415	1.9	1.7	2.1
Dutch	2,610	1,290	1,320	2.0	2.0	2.0
Polish	4,835	2,340	2,500	3.7	3.6	3.8
Québécois	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,850	1,835	2,015	2.9	2.8	3.0
Filipino	5,375	2,555	2,820	4.1	3.9	4.2
French Canadian	830	450	380	0.6	0.7	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,205	580	625	0.9	0.9	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	430	215	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis	430	200	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,295	665	635	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	1,050	475	575	0.8	0.7	0.9
Norwegian	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Welsh	1,105	530	575	0.8	0.8	0.9
Portuguese	5,220	2,675	2,545	4.0	4.1	3.8
American	990	420	565	0.8	0.6	0.9
Spanish	1,745	875	870	1.3	1.3	1.3
Swedish	300	160	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	785	385	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Acadian	265	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	16,045	8,110	7,930	12.2	12.5	11.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,760	860	905	1.3	1.3	1.4
Jewish	400	235	165	0.3	0.4	0.2
Punjabi	2,015	1,035	975	1.5	1.6	1.5
Vietnamese	1,055	490	560	0.8	0.8	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,660	1,370	1,285	2.0	2.1	1.9
Greek	1,120	530	590	0.9	0.8	0.9
Jamaican	2,340	1,115	1,225	1.8	1.7	1.8
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,625	780	845	1.2	1.2	1.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	855	440	415	0.7	0.7	0.6
Romanian	550	270	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	905	435	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iranian	315	165	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	745	355	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
Danish	360	135	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	755	355	400	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austrian	460	230	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belgian	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,850	955	895	1.4	1.5	1.3
Mexican	575	320	255	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mennonite	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	260	150	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	345	195	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sri Lankan	870	455	420	0.7	0.7	0.6
Croatian	1,430	725	710	1.1	1.1	1.1
Japanese	385	215	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,035	1,010	1,030	1.5	1.6	1.6
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	2,670	1,335	1,335	2.0	2.1	2.0
Egyptian	2,605	1,365	1,240	2.0	2.1	1.9
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	775	375	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tamil	860	430	425	0.7	0.7	0.6
Icelandic	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	850	390	460	0.6	0.6	0.7
Moroccan	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Syrian	855	425	430	0.7	0.7	0.6
Guyanese	950	505	445	0.7	0.8	0.7
Afghan	1,300	705	595	1.0	1.1	0.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	575	265	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Serbian	575	300	275	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ojibway	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	240	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	165	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	430	235	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian	305	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	865	440	425	0.7	0.7	0.6
Turkish	600	325	280	0.5	0.5	0.4
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	465	200	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algerian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	400	190	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	590	290	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Armenian	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	225	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	115	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	1,485	725	760	1.1	1.1	1.1
Salvadorean	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	540	245	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	550	280	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	830	435	395	0.6	0.7	0.6
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	370	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquin	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	365	155	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lithuanian	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	355	135	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	865	480	385	0.7	0.7	0.6
Chilean	135	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Peruvian	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	705	320	390	0.5	0.5	0.6
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	760	350	415	0.6	0.5	0.6
Macedonian	350	195	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slovenian	325	160	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	375	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrean	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	170	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Barbadian	230	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
African American	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	415	200	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Franco Ontarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	1,100	535	565	0.8	0.8	0.9
Thai	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	65	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	170	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Igbo	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jordanian	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Manitoban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	185	105	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chaldean	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flemish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malay	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ugandan	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yemeni	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	85	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Igorot	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	285	170	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Singaporean	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tajik	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	131,430	65,060	66,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	845	390	455	0.6	0.6	0.7
Christian	63,380	30,320	33,055	48.2	46.6	49.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,445	4,425	5,020	7.2	6.8	7.6
Anabaptist	170	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	3,245	1,530	1,715	2.5	2.4	2.6
Baptist	970	500	470	0.7	0.8	0.7
Catholic	36,815	17,800	19,010	28.0	27.4	28.6
Christian Orthodox	4,110	2,065	2,045	3.1	3.2	3.1
Jehovah's Witness	345	145	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	475	225	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,810	815	990	1.4	1.3	1.5
Presbyterian	1,430	635	800	1.1	1.0	1.2
Reformed	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,455	1,105	1,350	1.9	1.7	2.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,795	825	970	1.4	1.3	1.5
Hindu	7,980	4,050	3,930	6.1	6.2	5.9
Jewish	285	160	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	30,405	15,355	15,055	23.1	23.6	22.7
Sikh	3,220	1,520	1,700	2.4	2.3	2.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	470	185	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	24,830	13,080	11,755	18.9	20.1	17.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	129,815	64,235	65,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	113,720	56,195	57,520	87.6	87.5	87.7
Movers	16,095	8,045	8,055	12.4	12.5	12.3
Non-migrants	6,425	3,250	3,170	4.9	5.1	4.8
Migrants	9,670	4,785	4,880	7.4	7.4	7.4
Internal migrants	8,265	4,055	4,210	6.4	6.3	6.4
Intraprovincial migrants	7,965	3,935	4,025	6.1	6.1	6.1
Interprovincial migrants	300	125	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
External migrants	1,405	725	675	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	122,555	60,615	61,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,940	33,515	34,420	55.4	55.3	55.6
Movers	54,620	27,100	27,520	44.6	44.7	44.4
Non-migrants	16,230	7,895	8,335	13.2	13.0	13.5
Migrants	38,390	19,205	19,185	31.3	31.7	31.0
Internal migrants	29,270	14,680	14,590	23.9	24.2	23.6
Intraprovincial migrants	27,300	13,660	13,635	22.3	22.5	22.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,970	1,020	950	1.6	1.7	1.5
External migrants	9,125	4,525	4,600	7.4	7.5	7.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	99,460	48,680	50,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,495	6,290	6,205	12.6	12.9	12.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,965	42,390	44,575	87.4	87.1	87.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,385	34,135	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,885	2,250	1,635	5.5	6.6	4.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,500	31,890	34,610	94.5	93.4	95.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	99,460	48,680	50,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,690	5,800	5,890	11.8	11.9	11.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,510	11,740	11,775	23.6	24.1	23.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	64,255	31,145	33,110	64.6	64.0	65.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,960	12,160	11,805	24.1	25.0	23.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,505	2,490	1,015	3.5	5.1	2.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,840	1,175	665	1.8	2.4	1.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,660	1,315	345	1.7	2.7	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,020	8,465	9,550	18.1	17.4	18.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,440	1,210	1,235	2.5	2.5	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	40,300	18,990	21,310	40.5	39.0	42.0
Bachelor's degree	26,525	11,975	14,545	26.7	24.6	28.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,370	1,030	1,340	2.4	2.1	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,095	410	685	1.1	0.8	1.3
Master's degree	9,575	5,105	4,470	9.6	10.5	8.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	735	470	265	0.7	1.0	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,390	34,135	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,355	1,935	1,425	4.8	5.7	3.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,680	6,365	6,315	18.0	18.6	17.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,345	25,835	28,510	77.2	75.7	78.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,925	9,480	9,445	26.9	27.8	26.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,530	1,780	750	3.6	5.2	2.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,295	825	475	1.8	2.4	1.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,235	955	280	1.8	2.8	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,530	6,780	7,750	20.6	19.9	21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,865	920	950	2.6	2.7	2.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	35,420	16,360	19,065	50.3	47.9	52.6
Bachelor's degree	22,975	10,205	12,770	32.6	29.9	35.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,040	840	1,205	2.9	2.5	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	930	310	625	1.3	0.9	1.7
Master's degree	8,855	4,645	4,210	12.6	13.6	11.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	620	355	260	0.9	1.0	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	99,460	48,685	50,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,200	17,535	17,665	35.4	36.0	34.8
Education	3,000	470	2,530	3.0	1.0	5.0
13. Education	3,000	470	2,530	3.0	1.0	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,700	690	1,015	1.7	1.4	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	105	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,545	585	965	1.6	1.2	1.9
Humanities	3,720	1,105	2,620	3.7	2.3	5.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255	55	200	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	890	170	715	0.9	0.3	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,575	445	1,130	1.6	0.9	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	230	90	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	410	200	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	10	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,145	2,550	5,600	8.2	5.2	11.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	965	380	580	1.0	0.8	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,260	75	1,185	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,095	385	715	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	185	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,340	305	1,040	1.3	0.6	2.0
45. Social sciences	3,245	1,340	1,910	3.3	2.8	3.8
Business, management and public administration	16,925	8,145	8,785	17.0	16.7	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	765	120	650	0.8	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,160	8,030	8,130	16.2	16.5	16.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,260	1,280	1,975	3.3	2.6	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,375	425	950	1.4	0.9	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,015	405	615	1.0	0.8	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	695	420	275	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,060	3,480	1,575	5.1	7.1	3.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,160	3,010	1,155	4.2	6.2	2.3
25. Library science	100	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	625	320	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	170	135	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,870	9,845	2,020	11.9	20.2	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	630	330	305	0.6	0.7	0.6
14. Engineering	5,880	4,500	1,375	5.9	9.2	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,250	1,975	275	2.3	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,010	985	20	1.0	2.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,430	1,400	25	1.4	2.9	0.0
48. Precision production	670	655	20	0.7	1.3	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	920	485	440	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	695	365	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	7,160	1,720	5,440	7.2	3.5	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	715	360	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,210	1,270	4,940	6.2	2.6	9.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	215	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,465	1,370	1,090	2.5	2.8	2.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,020	220	800	1.0	0.5	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,035	760	275	1.0	1.6	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	390	375	20	0.4	0.8	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	70,385	34,140	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,040	8,300	7,740	22.8	24.3	21.4
Education	2,420	370	2,050	3.4	1.1	5.7
13. Education	2,420	370	2,050	3.4	1.1	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,415	510	905	2.0	1.5	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,295	435	860	1.8	1.3	2.4
Humanities	3,030	835	2,195	4.3	2.4	6.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	45	160	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	745	145	600	1.1	0.4	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,255	320	940	1.8	0.9	2.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	65	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	325	145	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	10	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,955	2,105	4,850	9.9	6.2	13.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	825	315	510	1.2	0.9	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,045	50	990	1.5	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	940	305	640	1.3	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,130	255	880	1.6	0.7	2.4
45. Social sciences	2,820	1,125	1,690	4.0	3.3	4.7
Business, management and public administration	14,815	7,070	7,745	21.0	20.7	21.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	675	75	595	1.0	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,140	6,995	7,145	20.1	20.5	19.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,655	970	1,680	3.8	2.8	4.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,110	305	805	1.6	0.9	2.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	825	330	500	1.2	1.0	1.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	565	310	260	0.8	0.9	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,620	3,160	1,460	6.6	9.3	4.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,865	2,770	1,095	5.5	8.1	3.0
25. Library science	85	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	530	260	270	0.8	0.8	0.7
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	150	120	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,845	7,985	1,860	14.0	23.4	5.1
04. Architecture and related services	540	270	275	0.8	0.8	0.8
14. Engineering	5,165	3,870	1,295	7.3	11.3	3.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,790	1,550	245	2.5	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	800	785	15	1.1	2.3	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,045	1,020	20	1.5	3.0	0.1
48. Precision production	495	485	10	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	710	350	360	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	510	245	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	5,885	1,405	4,485	8.4	4.1	12.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	535	270	265	0.8	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,150	1,050	4,100	7.3	3.1	11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	85	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,960	1,065	890	2.8	3.1	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	870	185	680	1.2	0.5	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	820	615	205	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	265	255	10	0.4	0.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	70,385	34,140	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,040	8,300	7,740	22.8	24.3	21.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	54,350	25,835	28,510	77.2	75.7	78.6
Location of study inside Canada	33,400	15,755	17,645	47.5	46.1	48.7
Same as province or territory of residence	31,135	14,655	16,480	44.2	42.9	45.5
Different than province or territory of residence	2,265	1,100	1,165	3.2	3.2	3.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20,945	10,080	10,865	29.8	29.5	30.0
Americas	3,175	1,650	1,520	4.5	4.8	4.2
United States of America	1,775	1,020	755	2.5	3.0	2.1
Mexico	170	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cuba	20	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	165	60	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Brazil	175	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombia	210	90	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	250	110	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other locations of study in Americas	340	170	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Europe	2,585	1,490	1,095	3.7	4.4	3.0
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	275	105	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Romania	170	90	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	65	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,315	840	480	1.9	2.5	1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	245	145	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Africa	1,845	900	940	2.6	2.6	2.6
Nigeria	325	135	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algeria	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	1,085	530	555	1.5	1.6	1.5
South Africa, Republic of	130	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	255	150	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Asia	13,080	5,925	7,155	18.6	17.4	19.7
Iran⁸⁸	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	640	310	330	0.9	0.9	0.9
Israel	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	145	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	145	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkey	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	555	255	300	0.8	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	195	80	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	1,335	565	775	1.9	1.7	2.1
Viet Nam	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sri Lanka	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
India	4,270	1,990	2,280	6.1	5.8	6.3
Pakistan	4,470	2,025	2,445	6.4	5.9	6.7
Other locations of study in Asia	890	405	480	1.3	1.2	1.3
Oceania	260	115	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Australia	235	100	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
New Zealand	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	99,460	48,680	50,780	...	...	...
In the labour force	70,675	37,110	33,560	...	...	...
Employed	62,635	33,565	29,070	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,035	3,545	4,490	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,790	11,570	17,215	...	...	...
Participation rate	71.1	76.2	66.1	71.1	76.2	66.1
Employment rate	63.0	69.0	57.2	63.0	69.0	57.2
Unemployment rate	11.4	9.6	13.4	11.4	9.6	13.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	99,460	48,685	50,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,135	12,355	17,775	30.3	25.4	35.0
Worked	69,325	36,325	33,000	69.7	74.6	65.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	40,875	23,345	17,530	41.1	48.0	34.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,450	12,980	15,470	28.6	26.7	30.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.9	40.4	41.7	42.9	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	70,670	37,110	33,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,040	880	1,160	2.9	2.4	3.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	68,635	36,235	32,400	97.1	97.6	96.5
Employee	58,485	29,655	28,825	82.8	79.9	85.9
Permanent position	50,640	26,135	24,505	71.7	70.4	73.0
Temporary position	7,845	3,525	4,320	11.1	9.5	12.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,640	1,240	1,395	3.7	3.3	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,205	2,280	2,925	7.4	6.1	8.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,150	6,580	3,570	14.4	17.7	10.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	70,670	37,110	33,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,040	880	1,160	2.9	2.4	3.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	68,635	36,235	32,400	97.1	97.6	96.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	960	705	255	1.4	1.9	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,005	5,600	9,405	21.2	15.1	28.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,730	7,385	2,345	13.8	19.9	7.0
3 Health occupations	4,335	955	3,380	6.1	2.6	10.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,760	2,270	5,495	11.0	6.1	16.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,830	775	1,060	2.6	2.1	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	16,300	7,820	8,480	23.1	21.1	25.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,585	8,555	1,030	13.6	23.1	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	760	510	250	1.1	1.4	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,365	1,675	695	3.3	4.5	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	70,670	37,110	33,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,040	880	1,160	2.9	2.4	3.5
All industries¹⁹¹	68,635	36,235	32,400	97.1	97.6	96.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	415	190	220	0.6	0.5	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	130	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
22 Utilities	450	350	105	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	4,185	3,570	610	5.9	9.6	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	6,010	4,075	1,935	8.5	11.0	5.8
41 Wholesale trade	3,955	2,400	1,550	5.6	6.5	4.6
44-45 Retail trade	8,095	4,090	4,005	11.5	11.0	11.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,585	3,295	1,285	6.5	8.9	3.8
51 Information and cultural industries	1,790	1,185	610	2.5	3.2	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	5,585	2,675	2,915	7.9	7.2	8.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,440	795	645	2.0	2.1	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,265	4,970	3,295	11.7	13.4	9.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	480	265	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,510	1,390	1,120	3.6	3.7	3.3
61 Educational services	5,055	1,285	3,775	7.2	3.5	11.2
62 Health care and social assistance	6,725	1,275	5,445	9.5	3.4	16.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	970	470	505	1.4	1.3	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,935	1,270	1,665	4.2	3.4	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,260	1,105	1,155	3.2	3.0	3.4
91 Public administration	2,725	1,440	1,285	3.9	3.9	3.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	74,500	38,890	35,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,490	36,530	32,960	93.3	93.9	92.6
French	175	45	135	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	415	180	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	415	180	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and French	1,225	480	745	1.6	1.2	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,105	1,625	1,480	4.2	4.2	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	74,500	38,890	35,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	73,675	38,495	35,185	98.9	99.0	98.8
Official languages	72,815	38,095	34,720	97.7	98.0	97.5
English	72,495	38,000	34,495	97.3	97.7	96.9
French	320	95	225	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	865	400	465	1.2	1.0	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	865	400	465	1.2	1.0	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	515	250	260	0.7	0.6	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	295	140	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	290	135	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	205	85	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	825	400	425	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	215	55	160	0.3	0.1	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	590	330	255	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	74,500	38,890	35,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,815	37,095	33,725	95.1	95.4	94.7
English	560	255	305	0.8	0.7	0.9
French	880	370	510	1.2	1.0	1.4
Non-official language	1,815	965	850	2.4	2.5	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,815	965	850	2.4	2.5	2.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	330	170	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	62,640	33,570	29,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	23,160	11,445	11,715	37.0	34.1	40.3
Worked outside Canada	240	180	55	0.4	0.5	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,565	4,910	1,655	10.5	14.6	5.7
Usual place of work	32,665	17,030	15,640	52.1	50.7	53.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,670	17,025	15,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,495	5,625	6,875	38.2	33.0	44.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,515	2,045	2,465	13.8	12.0	15.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,600	9,320	6,275	47.8	54.7	40.1
Commute to a different province or territory	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,235	21,940	17,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,790	20,295	15,500	91.2	92.5	89.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,035	19,170	13,865	84.2	87.4	80.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,760	1,125	1,635	7.0	5.1	9.5
Public transit	1,465	715	750	3.7	3.3	4.3
Walked	910	425	485	2.3	1.9	2.8
Bicycle	120	90	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other method	955	415	540	2.4	1.9	3.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,235	21,940	17,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,335	4,140	5,190	23.8	18.9	30.0
15 to 29 minutes	10,260	5,400	4,860	26.2	24.6	28.1
30 to 44 minutes	10,840	6,715	4,130	27.6	30.6	23.9
45 to 59 minutes	4,350	2,755	1,595	11.1	12.6	9.2
60 minutes and over	4,455	2,930	1,525	11.4	13.4	8.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,235	21,940	17,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,020	2,280	740	7.7	10.4	4.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,230	4,045	2,185	15.9	18.4	12.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,270	4,960	4,310	23.6	22.6	24.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,430	4,010	4,420	21.5	18.3	25.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,025	3,020	3,000	15.4	13.8	17.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,260	3,620	2,640	16.0	16.5	15.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	38,720	19,860	18,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,220	1,615	1,610	8.3	8.1	8.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35,495	18,250	17,250	91.7	91.9	91.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	29,125	15,045	14,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,605	1,300	1,305	8.9	8.6	9.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,560	770	790	5.4	5.1	5.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,050	530	515	3.6	3.5	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,520	13,745	12,775	91.1	91.4	90.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 21, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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