Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Niagara-on-the-Lake, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,088	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	17,511	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,578	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,857	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	145.3	...	...	145.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	131.35	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,090	9,335	9,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,100	1,075	1,025	11.0	11.5	10.5
0 to 4 years	605	310	290	3.2	3.3	3.0
5 to 9 years	700	370	335	3.7	4.0	3.4
10 to 14 years	790	395	400	4.1	4.2	4.1
15 to 64 years	10,085	5,020	5,065	52.8	53.8	51.9
15 to 19 years	835	445	395	4.4	4.8	4.0
20 to 24 years	895	470	425	4.7	5.0	4.4
25 to 29 years	715	370	345	3.7	4.0	3.5
30 to 34 years	740	375	365	3.9	4.0	3.7
35 to 39 years	760	410	355	4.0	4.4	3.6
40 to 44 years	830	420	405	4.3	4.5	4.2
45 to 49 years	875	430	445	4.6	4.6	4.6
50 to 54 years	1,090	535	555	5.7	5.7	5.7
55 to 59 years	1,525	740	780	8.0	7.9	8.0
60 to 64 years	1,815	815	995	9.5	8.7	10.2
65 years and over	6,905	3,240	3,665	36.2	34.7	37.6
65 to 69 years	2,000	985	1,020	10.5	10.6	10.5
70 to 74 years	1,875	880	995	9.8	9.4	10.2
75 to 79 years	1,325	655	670	6.9	7.0	6.9
80 to 84 years	870	405	465	4.6	4.3	4.8
85 years and over	830	310	520	4.3	3.3	5.3
85 to 89 years	485	215	275	2.5	2.3	2.8
90 to 94 years	245	80	160	1.3	0.9	1.6
95 to 99 years	90	15	75	0.5	0.2	0.8
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.0	11.5	10.5	11.0	11.5	10.5
15 to 64 years	52.8	53.8	51.9	52.8	53.8	51.9
65 years and over	36.2	34.7	37.6	36.2	34.7	37.6
85 years and over	4.3	3.3	5.3	4.3	3.3	5.3
Average age of the population	51.3	50.1	52.5	51.3	50.1	52.5
Median age of the population	57.2	56.0	58.8	57.2	56.0	58.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,225	...	...	79.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	445	...	...	5.7	...	...
Row house	715	...	...	9.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	415	...	...	5.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,885	...	...	24.0	...	...
2 persons	3,630	...	...	46.2	...	...
3 persons	965	...	...	12.3	...	...
4 persons	825	...	...	10.5	...	...
5 or more persons	550	...	...	7.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,985	8,255	8,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,245	5,705	5,535	66.2	69.1	63.4
Married	10,120	5,130	4,990	59.6	62.1	57.1
Living common-law	1,125	575	550	6.6	7.0	6.3
Living common law - Never married	605	300	305	3.6	3.6	3.5
Living common law - Separated	65	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	375	205	165	2.2	2.5	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	85	30	50	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	5,745	2,550	3,195	33.8	30.9	36.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,300	1,840	1,460	19.4	22.3	16.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	305	150	160	1.8	1.8	1.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	825	300	525	4.9	3.6	6.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,320	260	1,065	7.8	3.1	12.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,870	...	...	65.1	...	...
3 persons	930	...	...	15.6	...	...
4 persons	765	...	...	12.9	...	...
5 or more persons	385	...	...	6.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,430	...	...	91.3	...	...
Married couples	4,870	...	...	81.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,740	...	...	29.3	...	...
Without children	3,130	...	...	52.6	...	...
Common-law couples	565	...	...	9.5	...	...
With children⁶	160	...	...	2.7	...	...
Without children	400	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	515	...	...	8.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	395	...	...	6.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	120	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	15,690	7,910	7,780	85.0	87.5	82.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,860	5,470	5,390	58.8	60.5	57.2
Parents in one-parent families	515	120	395	2.8	1.3	4.2
Children⁶	4,315	2,315	1,995	23.4	25.6	21.2
In a two-parent family	3,580	1,910	1,670	19.4	21.1	17.7
In a one-parent family	730	405	330	4.0	4.5	3.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,775	1,135	1,640	15.0	12.5	17.4
Living alone	1,885	680	1,205	10.2	7.5	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	315	105	205	1.7	1.2	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	575	355	225	3.1	3.9	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,340	...	...	68.0	...	...
Couple-family households	4,945	...	...	63.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,695	...	...	21.6	...	...
Without children	3,250	...	...	41.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	395	...	...	5.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	190	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	190	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	190	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	1,885	...	...	24.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,370	7,970	8,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,975	7,765	8,210	97.6	97.4	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	37,600	43,200	51,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,985	7,770	8,215	97.6	97.5	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	34,000	38,800	44,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,975	7,355	7,615	91.5	92.3	90.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	42,400	26,600	33,600	42,400	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,180	5,390	4,790	62.2	67.6	57.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,400	29,200	21,400	25,400	29,200	21,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,580	7,065	7,515	89.1	88.6	89.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	11,800	13,200	12,600	11,800	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,090	480	610	6.7	6.0	7.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,800	5,760	5,800	5,800	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,915	1,845	2,070	23.9	23.1	24.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,000	10,000	9,500	8,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,370	7,970	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,970	7,765	8,205	97.6	97.4	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,400	73,700	51,700	62,400	73,700	51,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,970	7,765	8,205	97.6	97.4	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840	57,550	42,560	49,840	57,550	42,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,965	7,410	7,550	91.4	93.0	89.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,900	66,400	43,600	54,900	66,400	43,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,180	5,420	4,760	62.2	68.0	56.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,680	56,700	39,560	48,680	56,700	39,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,465	7,065	7,405	88.4	88.6	88.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,120	11,370	12,840	12,120	11,370	12,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,060	425	635	6.5	5.3	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,220	6,060	6,340	6,220	6,060	6,340
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,910	1,840	2,070	23.9	23.1	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,620	9,340	9,860	9,620	9,340	9,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,370	7,970	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,760	2,185	1,575	23.0	27.4	18.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	80,000	61,200	71,000	80,000	61,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,500	102,300	71,800	89,500	102,300	71,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,325	2,085	2,245	26.4	26.2	26.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,500	16,200	14,400	15,500	16,200	14,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,280	32,360	26,400	29,280	32,360	26,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4	86.0	77.6	82.4	86.0	77.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	49.7	53.7	44.4	49.7	53.7	44.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.6	14.0	22.4	17.6	14.0	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.5	1.0	0.7	0.5	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.3	5.6	4.3	3.3	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.0	4.8	3.8	3.0	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,370	7,970	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	390	200	190	2.4	2.5	2.3
With total income	15,980	7,770	8,205	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,160	515	650	7.3	6.6	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,845	725	1,120	11.5	9.3	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,355	960	1,400	14.7	12.4	17.1
$30,000 to $39,999	2,030	860	1,165	12.7	11.1	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	1,615	745	875	10.1	9.6	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,295	630	665	8.1	8.1	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,165	620	550	7.3	8.0	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	900	475	430	5.6	6.1	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	690	400	295	4.3	5.1	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	545	300	240	3.4	3.9	2.9
$100,000 and over	2,370	1,545	825	14.8	19.9	10.1
$100,000 to $149,999	1,345	815	530	8.4	10.5	6.5
$150,000 and over	1,020	725	300	6.4	9.3	3.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,370	7,970	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	390	200	185	2.4	2.5	2.2
With after-tax income	15,980	7,770	8,210	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,360	575	785	8.5	7.4	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	1,945	765	1,175	12.2	9.8	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,635	1,075	1,560	16.5	13.8	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,310	1,015	1,290	14.5	13.1	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	1,790	845	945	11.2	10.9	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,470	755	715	9.2	9.7	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,120	640	475	7.0	8.2	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	845	465	375	5.3	6.0	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	660	365	295	4.1	4.7	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	420	265	150	2.6	3.4	1.8
$100,000 and over	1,435	1,000	435	9.0	12.9	5.3
$100,000 to $124,999	590	385	205	3.7	5.0	2.5
$125,000 and over	840	615	230	5.3	7.9	2.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,370	7,970	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,190	2,580	3,610	37.8	32.4	43.0
With employment income	10,180	5,390	4,790	62.2	67.6	57.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,415	1,275	1,140	23.7	23.7	23.8
$5,000 to $9,999	950	455	495	9.3	8.4	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,275	600	670	12.5	11.1	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	850	400	450	8.3	7.4	9.4
$30,000 to $39,999	690	330	360	6.8	6.1	7.5
$40,000 to $49,999	590	280	310	5.8	5.2	6.5
$50,000 to $59,999	520	265	255	5.1	4.9	5.3
$60,000 to $69,999	485	275	210	4.8	5.1	4.4
$70,000 to $79,999	350	195	150	3.4	3.6	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	330	195	140	3.2	3.6	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	360	185	170	3.5	3.4	3.5
$100,000 and over	1,355	930	425	13.3	17.3	8.9
$100,000 to $124,999	520	330	190	5.1	6.1	4.0
$125,000 and over	835	600	235	8.2	11.1	4.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,370	7,970	8,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,770	7,665	8,100	96.3	96.2	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	51,200	36,800	42,800	51,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,780	7,665	8,115	96.4	96.2	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,800	32,800	38,000	44,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,870	7,295	7,575	90.8	91.5	90.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	45,600	30,000	36,400	45,600	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,410	5,485	4,930	63.6	68.8	58.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	34,400	26,400	30,000	34,400	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,850	6,775	7,070	84.6	85.0	84.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	4,080	9,100	7,800	4,080	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	645	270	375	3.9	3.4	4.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,120	6,240	5,640	5,120	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,370	7,970	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,675	7,590	8,085	95.8	95.2	96.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,200	75,300	49,920	62,200	75,300	49,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,685	7,590	8,090	95.8	95.2	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,840	58,500	41,760	49,840	58,500	41,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,750	7,225	7,525	90.1	90.7	89.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,800	71,400	44,720	57,800	71,400	44,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,280	5,430	4,855	62.8	68.1	57.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,840	59,650	41,000	50,840	59,650	41,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,710	6,745	6,965	83.8	84.6	82.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,930	8,250	9,600	8,930	8,250	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	655	255	400	4.0	3.2	4.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	5,840	7,720	7,000	5,840	7,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,370	7,970	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,710	2,145	1,560	22.7	26.9	18.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	79,000	57,600	68,500	79,000	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,600	101,100	69,000	87,600	101,100	69,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,190	2,015	2,175	25.6	25.3	25.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	24,800	20,000	22,200	24,800	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,600	40,080	31,440	35,600	40,080	31,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	90.2	83.4	87.4	90.2	83.4
Employment income (%)	53.6	56.7	49.3	53.6	56.7	49.3
Government transfers (%)	12.6	9.7	16.6	12.6	9.7	16.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.3	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,800	...	...	126,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...	64,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,300	...	...	51,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,400	...	...	146,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,200	...	...	117,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	90	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	200	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	195	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	205	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	240	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	230	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	245	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	460	...	...	5.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	500	...	...	6.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	505	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	485	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	490	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,840	...	...	48.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	980	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	740	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	950	...	...	12.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,175	...	...	14.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	110	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	100	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	210	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	225	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	255	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	270	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	255	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	285	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	605	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	600	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	590	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	590	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	530	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,150	...	...	40.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,040	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	735	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,375	...	...	17.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,465	1,035	1,435	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	38,800	42,800	40,800	38,800	42,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	35,200	39,200	37,200	35,200	39,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...	117,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	141,800	...	...	141,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	169,800	...	...	169,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...	76,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,450	1,055	1,395	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,350	56,100	56,550	56,350	56,100	56,550
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,240	44,600	45,760	45,240	44,600	45,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,605	1,350	1,255	14.1	14.9	13.3
0 to 5 years	730	380	345	4.0	4.2	3.7
18 to 64 years	9,330	4,565	4,760	50.5	50.5	50.5
65 years and over	6,535	3,135	3,400	35.4	34.7	36.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,495	715	780	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	255	130	125	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	35	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	765	390	375	...	...	...
65 years and over	470	190	280	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.1	7.9	8.3	8.1	7.9	8.3
0 to 17 years (%)	9.8	9.6	10.0	9.8	9.6	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.2	9.5	15.2	12.2	9.5	15.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	8.6	7.9	8.2	8.6	7.9
65 years and over (%)	7.2	6.1	8.3	7.2	6.1	8.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,600	1,345	1,255	14.1	14.9	13.3
0 to 5 years	730	385	345	4.0	4.3	3.7
18 to 64 years	9,325	4,560	4,765	50.5	50.4	50.6
65 years and over	6,535	3,130	3,400	35.4	34.6	36.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	595	320	280	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	85	40	50	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	405	230	180	...	...	...
65 years and over	105	50	50	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.5	2.9	3.2	3.5	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.0	3.8	3.4	3.0	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.0	2.5	2.0	2.0	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	5.0	3.8	4.4	5.0	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.7	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	7,285	3,510	3,775	39.5	38.8	40.1
In bottom decile	1,390	705	690	7.5	7.8	7.3
In second decile	1,355	615	740	7.3	6.8	7.9
In third decile	1,365	650	720	7.4	7.2	7.6
In fourth decile	1,495	720	770	8.1	8.0	8.2
In fifth decile	1,680	820	860	9.1	9.1	9.1
In top half of the distribution	11,180	5,535	5,645	60.5	61.2	59.9
In sixth decile	1,820	875	945	9.9	9.7	10.0
In seventh decile	1,965	980	995	10.6	10.8	10.6
In eighth decile	2,035	985	1,050	11.0	10.9	11.1
In ninth decile	2,305	1,155	1,155	12.5	12.8	12.3
In top decile	3,050	1,545	1,505	16.5	17.1	16.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	18,465	...	...	18,465	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.380	...	...	0.380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.483	...	...	0.483	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.329	...	...	0.329	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	18,825	9,260	9,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	17,120	8,510	8,615	90.9	91.9	90.0
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,540	670	865	8.2	7.2	9.0
Neither English nor French	160	80	80	0.8	0.9	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	18,825	9,260	9,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,360	9,035	9,320	97.5	97.6	97.4
French	260	125	140	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	155	75	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	18,825	9,260	9,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,350	9,030	9,325	97.5	97.5	97.4
Official languages	14,760	7,320	7,440	78.4	79.0	77.7
English	14,485	7,195	7,290	76.9	77.7	76.2
French	275	120	150	1.5	1.3	1.6
Non-official languages	3,590	1,705	1,880	19.1	18.4	19.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,590	1,705	1,885	19.1	18.4	19.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	40	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	130	50	80	0.7	0.5	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	40	70	0.6	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,760	1,335	1,430	14.7	14.4	14.9
Albanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	545	255	295	2.9	2.8	3.1
Baltic languages	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	515	235	280	2.7	2.5	2.9
Belarusian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czech	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	170	80	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	110	50	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	45	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,165	530	635	6.2	5.7	6.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	895	390	500	4.8	4.2	5.2
German	885	390	495	4.7	4.2	5.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	245	125	115	1.3	1.3	1.2
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	145	75	70	0.8	0.8	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	245	130	115	1.3	1.4	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	195	100	90	1.0	1.1	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	735	385	355	3.9	4.2	3.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	410	220	195	2.2	2.4	2.0
Portuguese	95	40	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	195	110	90	1.0	1.2	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	330	150	180	1.8	1.6	1.9
Chinese languages	325	150	175	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mandarin	250	115	130	1.3	1.2	1.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Finnish	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	475	230	245	2.5	2.5	2.6
English and French	55	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	360	180	180	1.9	1.9	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	18,825	9,260	9,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,820	7,805	8,020	84.0	84.3	83.8
French	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	635	310	325	3.4	3.3	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	635	310	325	3.4	3.3	3.4
English and French	180	75	100	1.0	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,020	990	1,035	10.7	10.7	10.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	18,825	9,260	9,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,445	9,070	9,370	98.0	97.9	97.9
Official languages	17,225	8,490	8,735	91.5	91.7	91.3
English	17,150	8,450	8,700	91.1	91.3	90.9
French	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	1,225	585	640	6.5	6.3	6.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,225	585	640	6.5	6.3	6.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	820	395	425	4.4	4.3	4.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	165	70	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	160	70	90	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	270	125	145	1.4	1.3	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	210	95	110	1.1	1.0	1.1
German	210	95	110	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	125	65	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	105	50	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	245	130	115	1.3	1.4	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	120	75	45	0.6	0.8	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	95	120	1.2	1.0	1.3
Chinese languages	220	95	120	1.2	1.0	1.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	190	90	100	1.0	1.0	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	375	180	195	2.0	1.9	2.0
English and French	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	345	170	170	1.8	1.8	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	18,825	9,260	9,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	16,830	8,300	8,535	89.4	89.6	89.2
English	530	250	280	2.8	2.7	2.9
French	140	60	85	0.7	0.6	0.9
Non-official language	1,100	545	550	5.8	5.9	5.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,100	545	550	5.8	5.9	5.8
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	18,270	8,960	9,310	98.9	99.1	98.8
English	18,270	8,960	9,310	98.9	99.1	98.8
French	1,505	595	900	8.2	6.6	9.6
Non-official languages	4,850	2,340	2,515	26.3	25.9	26.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,850	2,340	2,515	26.3	25.9	26.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	40	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	40	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	35	90	0.6	0.4	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	25	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	60	125	1.0	0.7	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	55	115	0.9	0.6	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,735	1,820	1,910	20.2	20.1	20.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	700	305	405	3.8	3.4	4.3
Baltic languages	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latvian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages	665	280	390	3.6	3.1	4.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Czech	55	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Macedonian	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Polish	190	80	100	1.0	0.9	1.1
Russian	180	85	95	1.0	0.9	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	65	95	0.9	0.7	1.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	120	45	75	0.6	0.5	0.8
Serbian	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukrainian	105	35	70	0.6	0.4	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,365	680	685	7.4	7.5	7.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,160	550	615	6.3	6.1	6.5
German	1,160	550	615	6.3	6.1	6.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	260	160	100	1.4	1.8	1.1
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	120	80	40	0.6	0.9	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	70	40	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	75	40	0.6	0.8	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	425	220	205	2.3	2.4	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages	345	190	160	1.9	2.1	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Gujarati	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hindi	130	60	75	0.7	0.7	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	75	65	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
Urdu	100	50	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,295	620	675	7.0	6.9	7.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	655	345	315	3.5	3.8	3.3
Portuguese	100	25	75	0.5	0.3	0.8
Romanian	65	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Spanish	555	270	285	3.0	3.0	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Korean	85	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	440	225	210	2.4	2.5	2.2
Chinese languages	430	225	205	2.3	2.5	2.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	380	205	175	2.1	2.3	1.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Estonian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	240	135	110	1.3	1.5	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	225	125	100	1.2	1.4	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	100	50	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Métis	115	70	45	0.6	0.8	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	18,225	8,915	9,315	98.7	98.6	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	18,390	9,015	9,380	99.6	99.7	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,660	...	...	84.8	...	...
Renter	1,200	...	...	15.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	845	...	...	10.8	...	...
Not condominium	7,015	...	...	89.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	395	...	...	5.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,645	...	...	20.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,110	...	...	39.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,675	...	...	34.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,000	...	...	12.7	...	...
5 rooms	950	...	...	12.1	...	...
6 rooms	1,240	...	...	15.8	...	...
7 rooms	1,310	...	...	16.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,355	...	...	42.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,810	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	7,715	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	145	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,585	...	...	20.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,410	...	...	18.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	745	...	...	9.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	800	...	...	10.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	835	...	...	10.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	640	...	...	8.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,040	...	...	13.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	800	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,535	...	...	95.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	320	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,575	...	...	45.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,985	...	...	50.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	295	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	65	...	...	0.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	375	...	...	4.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	670	...	...	8.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,045	...	...	13.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,710	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,235	...	...	28.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,315	...	...	16.7	...	...
85 years and over	440	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,150	...	...	80.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,500	...	...	19.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,335	...	...	17.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,865	...	...	23.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,410	...	...	18.0	...	...
Not suitable only	115	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	240	...	...	3.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,990	...	...	76.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	440	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not in core need	7,040	...	...	94.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,495	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	39.6	...	...	39.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.4	...	...	14.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,434	...	...	1,434	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,009,000	...	...	1,009,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,190	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	47.7	...	...	47.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.0	...	...	17.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,430	...	...	1,430	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,592	...	...	1,592	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Métis single ancestry	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	335	180	155	1.8	2.0	1.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	335	180	155	1.8	2.0	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	175	90	90	0.9	1.0	1.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	80	65	0.8	0.9	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	18,080	8,845	9,240	97.9	97.8	98.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,425	8,480	8,940	94.4	93.8	94.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,550	1,320	1,230	13.8	14.6	13.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,875	7,165	7,715	80.6	79.2	81.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,040	560	475	5.6	6.2	5.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	13,250	6,570	6,680	71.8	72.6	70.9
Immigrants⁸¹	4,855	2,240	2,615	26.3	24.8	27.8
Before 1980	2,395	1,085	1,310	13.0	12.0	13.9
1980 to 1990	775	355	420	4.2	3.9	4.5
1991 to 2000	565	260	305	3.1	2.9	3.2
2001 to 2010	670	330	345	3.6	3.6	3.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	450	215	235	2.4	2.4	2.5
2011 to 2015	205	95	110	1.1	1.1	1.2
2016 to 2021	245	115	125	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	360	235	120	1.9	2.6	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,855	2,240	2,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	445	165	280	9.2	7.4	10.7
5 to 14 years	940	455	485	19.4	20.3	18.5
15 to 24 years	1,050	445	600	21.6	19.9	22.9
25 to 44 years	2,045	985	1,065	42.1	44.0	40.6
45 years and over	375	185	185	7.7	8.3	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,855	2,240	2,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	890	390	500	18.3	17.4	19.1
Brazil	35	10	25	0.7	0.4	1.0
Colombia	20	20	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
El Salvador	40	20	20	0.8	0.9	0.8
Guyana	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	20	30	0.9	0.9	1.1
Mexico	100	45	60	2.1	2.0	2.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.8
United States of America	355	155	200	7.3	6.9	7.6
Other places of birth in Americas	240	105	135	4.9	4.7	5.2
Europe	2,685	1,300	1,390	55.3	58.0	53.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Croatia	60	20	45	1.2	0.9	1.7
France	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Germany	265	110	150	5.5	4.9	5.7
Greece	30	25	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Hungary	60	25	35	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italy	320	195	125	6.6	8.7	4.8
Netherlands	95	55	40	2.0	2.5	1.5
Poland	115	45	65	2.4	2.0	2.5
Portugal	55	15	40	1.1	0.7	1.5
Romania	60	30	25	1.2	1.3	1.0
Russian Federation	55	25	25	1.1	1.1	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Ukraine	80	25	55	1.6	1.1	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,105	515	590	22.8	23.0	22.5
Other places of birth in Europe	340	175	160	7.0	7.8	6.1
Africa	125	55	65	2.6	2.5	2.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	20	10	0.5	0.9	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	50	35	20	1.0	1.6	0.8
Asia	1,130	480	650	23.3	21.4	24.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	50	30	20	1.0	1.3	0.8
Iraq	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	25	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	250	120	130	5.1	5.4	5.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	70	30	40	1.4	1.3	1.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	180	55	120	3.7	2.5	4.6
Viet Nam	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	200	85	115	4.1	3.8	4.4
Pakistan	55	20	30	1.1	0.9	1.1
Sri Lanka	35	20	20	0.7	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	225	80	140	4.6	3.6	5.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	240	120	125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	35	25	22.9	29.2	20.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	30	15	10	12.5	12.5	8.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	6.3	8.3	8.0
Europe	70	50	20	29.2	41.7	16.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	4.2	8.3	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	10.4	12.5	8.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	8.3	12.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	0	6.3	8.3	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	115	35	80	47.9	29.2	64.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	20	30	18.8	16.7	24.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	4.2	0.0	8.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	10	4.2	0.0	8.0
Philippines	35	10	25	14.6	8.3	20.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,540	2,640	2,895	30.0	29.2	30.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,960	2,465	2,495	26.9	27.3	26.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	7,970	3,935	4,030	43.2	43.5	42.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,455	1,150	1,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,255	660	595	51.1	57.4	45.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	570	425	150	23.2	37.0	11.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	685	230	450	27.9	20.0	34.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	915	365	545	37.3	31.7	41.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	265	125	145	10.8	10.9	11.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	10	20	1.0	0.9	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,455	1,150	1,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	130	45	80	5.3	3.9	6.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	300	200	95	12.2	17.4	7.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90	55	35	3.7	4.8	2.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	100	30	70	4.1	2.6	5.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,815	815	995	73.9	70.9	76.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,325	1,145	1,175	12.6	12.7	12.5
South Asian	495	260	235	2.7	2.9	2.5
Chinese	490	230	255	2.7	2.5	2.7
Black	215	130	85	1.2	1.4	0.9
Filipino	245	105	140	1.3	1.2	1.5
Arab	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latin American	255	130	125	1.4	1.4	1.3
Southeast Asian	175	55	120	0.9	0.6	1.3
West Asian	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	90	45	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Japanese	70	55	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	90	40	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,140	7,900	8,240	87.4	87.3	87.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,895	930	960	10.3	10.3	10.2
English	4,215	2,025	2,190	22.8	22.4	23.2
Irish	2,890	1,415	1,475	15.7	15.6	15.7
Scottish	3,120	1,535	1,585	16.9	17.0	16.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,170	535	635	6.3	5.9	6.7
German	2,730	1,325	1,405	14.8	14.6	14.9
Chinese	490	235	255	2.7	2.6	2.7
Italian	1,865	960	905	10.1	10.6	9.6
Indian (India)	290	150	145	1.6	1.7	1.5
Ukrainian	975	485	485	5.3	5.4	5.1
Dutch	1,185	630	550	6.4	7.0	5.8
Polish	1,045	520	535	5.7	5.7	5.7
Québécois	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,320	595	730	7.1	6.6	7.7
Filipino	260	110	150	1.4	1.2	1.6
French Canadian	180	110	70	1.0	1.2	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	195	85	105	1.1	0.9	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	65	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis	165	90	70	0.9	1.0	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	330	185	145	1.8	2.0	1.5
Russian	540	270	270	2.9	3.0	2.9
Norwegian	210	120	85	1.1	1.3	0.9
Welsh	385	195	190	2.1	2.2	2.0
Portuguese	140	45	95	0.8	0.5	1.0
American	210	100	110	1.1	1.1	1.2
Spanish	100	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	140	55	85	0.8	0.6	0.9
Hungarian	315	155	165	1.7	1.7	1.8
Acadian	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	110	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	85	55	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Greek	210	110	105	1.1	1.2	1.1
Jamaican	85	65	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	105	40	65	0.6	0.4	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	50	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romanian	135	50	80	0.7	0.6	0.8
Lebanese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iranian	65	20	45	0.4	0.2	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	110	50	65	0.6	0.6	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	155	75	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belgian	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexican	205	100	95	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mennonite	380	195	185	2.1	2.2	2.0
Swiss	55	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Finnish	70	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	155	65	85	0.8	0.7	0.9
Japanese	75	50	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	70	55	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombian	65	50	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Syrian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	95	55	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Ojibway	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	100	45	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Persian	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Turkish	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	80	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lithuanian	95	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
South African	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Australian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	110	30	80	0.6	0.3	0.8
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	70	40	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Slovenian	70	15	55	0.4	0.2	0.6
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
Bulgarian	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Estonian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Malaysian	20	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	18,465	9,045	9,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	120	50	70	0.6	0.6	0.7
Christian	12,285	5,830	6,460	66.5	64.5	68.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,710	890	820	9.3	9.8	8.7
Anabaptist	950	460	490	5.1	5.1	5.2
Anglican	1,575	640	935	8.5	7.1	9.9
Baptist	205	90	115	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	4,770	2,275	2,495	25.8	25.2	26.5
Christian Orthodox	385	190	195	2.1	2.1	2.1
Jehovah's Witness	90	40	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	260	135	125	1.4	1.5	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	245	110	140	1.3	1.2	1.5
Presbyterian	510	255	260	2.8	2.8	2.8
Reformed	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
United Church	995	465	530	5.4	5.1	5.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	510	235	275	2.8	2.6	2.9
Hindu	160	85	75	0.9	0.9	0.8
Jewish	110	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	205	90	115	1.1	1.0	1.2
Sikh	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	115	40	80	0.6	0.4	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	5,445	2,895	2,555	29.5	32.0	27.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	18,370	8,985	9,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	16,160	7,925	8,235	88.0	88.2	87.7
Movers	2,205	1,060	1,145	12.0	11.8	12.2
Non-migrants	830	400	425	4.5	4.5	4.5
Migrants	1,375	660	720	7.5	7.3	7.7
Internal migrants	1,210	545	665	6.6	6.1	7.1
Intraprovincial migrants	1,125	505	625	6.1	5.6	6.7
Interprovincial migrants	80	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
External migrants	170	120	50	0.9	1.3	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	17,875	8,735	9,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	11,410	5,665	5,745	63.8	64.9	62.9
Movers	6,460	3,065	3,400	36.1	35.1	37.2
Non-migrants	1,515	765	750	8.5	8.8	8.2
Migrants	4,945	2,295	2,650	27.7	26.3	29.0
Internal migrants	4,305	1,950	2,360	24.1	22.3	25.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,010	1,805	2,210	22.4	20.7	24.2
Interprovincial migrants	295	150	145	1.7	1.7	1.6
External migrants	640	350	290	3.6	4.0	3.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,370	7,970	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,900	1,035	865	11.6	13.0	10.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,465	6,935	7,540	88.4	87.0	89.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,130	3,945	4,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	480	315	160	5.9	8.0	3.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,655	3,620	4,030	94.2	91.8	96.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,365	7,970	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,770	935	835	10.8	11.7	9.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,395	2,035	2,355	26.9	25.5	28.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,205	5,000	5,205	62.4	62.7	62.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,980	2,465	2,505	30.4	30.9	29.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	885	635	255	5.4	8.0	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	405	235	175	2.5	2.9	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	480	405	75	2.9	5.1	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,605	1,555	2,045	22.0	19.5	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	490	275	210	3.0	3.5	2.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,225	2,530	2,695	31.9	31.7	32.1
Bachelor's degree	3,235	1,470	1,770	19.8	18.4	21.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	420	225	190	2.6	2.8	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	135	80	60	0.8	1.0	0.7
Master's degree	1,215	620	595	7.4	7.8	7.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220	140	80	1.3	1.8	1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,135	3,940	4,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	445	295	155	5.5	7.5	3.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,840	990	850	22.6	25.1	20.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,850	2,660	3,190	71.9	67.5	76.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,795	1,330	1,465	34.4	33.8	35.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	435	290	150	5.3	7.4	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	255	135	115	3.1	3.4	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	180	150	30	2.2	3.8	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,145	920	1,220	26.4	23.4	29.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	210	120	90	2.6	3.0	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,055	1,330	1,725	37.6	33.8	41.2
Bachelor's degree	1,915	795	1,125	23.5	20.2	26.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	225	100	120	2.8	2.5	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	30	45	0.9	0.8	1.1
Master's degree	705	335	370	8.7	8.5	8.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	140	75	65	1.7	1.9	1.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,370	7,970	8,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,165	2,970	3,195	37.7	37.3	38.1
Education	825	215	620	5.0	2.7	7.4
13. Education	825	215	620	5.0	2.7	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	450	165	285	2.7	2.1	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	440	155	285	2.7	1.9	3.4
Humanities	730	285	445	4.5	3.6	5.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	170	45	130	1.0	0.6	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	160	45	115	1.0	0.6	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	55	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
54. History	170	100	75	1.0	1.3	0.9
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,285	510	785	7.8	6.4	9.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	50	110	1.0	0.6	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	165	15	145	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	190	115	75	1.2	1.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
42. Psychology	255	60	195	1.6	0.8	2.3
45. Social sciences	450	240	210	2.7	3.0	2.5
Business, management and public administration	2,475	1,230	1,240	15.1	15.4	14.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	120	25	95	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,345	1,205	1,140	14.3	15.1	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	360	160	200	2.2	2.0	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	165	70	90	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	25	65	0.6	0.3	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	85	60	30	0.5	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	200	135	2.0	2.5	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235	150	80	1.4	1.9	1.0
25. Library science	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	40	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,550	1,450	100	9.5	18.2	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	80	60	25	0.5	0.8	0.3
14. Engineering	380	345	30	2.3	4.3	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	425	385	40	2.6	4.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	270	270	0	1.6	3.4	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	265	265	0	1.6	3.3	0.0
48. Precision production	130	130	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275	185	90	1.7	2.3	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	225	150	75	1.4	1.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	1,340	300	1,040	8.2	3.8	12.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	110	95	1.3	1.4	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,110	165	945	6.8	2.1	11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	575	315	265	3.5	4.0	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	325	115	210	2.0	1.4	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	170	130	40	1.0	1.6	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	55	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,135	3,940	4,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,280	1,285	1,005	28.0	32.6	24.0
Education	400	100	305	4.9	2.5	7.3
13. Education	400	100	305	4.9	2.5	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	270	85	185	3.3	2.2	4.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	270	85	185	3.3	2.2	4.4
Humanities	315	135	180	3.9	3.4	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	60	15	45	0.7	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	30	55	1.0	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	20	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
54. History	95	50	45	1.2	1.3	1.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	755	250	505	9.3	6.3	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	20	85	1.2	0.5	2.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	115	10	100	1.4	0.3	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	115	60	55	1.4	1.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
42. Psychology	140	20	120	1.7	0.5	2.9
45. Social sciences	255	125	130	3.1	3.2	3.1
Business, management and public administration	1,540	660	875	18.9	16.8	20.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90	15	65	1.1	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,445	645	800	17.8	16.4	19.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	225	80	150	2.8	2.0	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	40	55	1.2	1.0	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	15	55	0.9	0.4	1.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	210	135	70	2.6	3.4	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165	115	50	2.0	2.9	1.2
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	775	695	80	9.5	17.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	60	40	15	0.7	1.0	0.4
14. Engineering	205	175	30	2.5	4.4	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	200	175	25	2.5	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	155	150	0	1.9	3.8	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	100	100	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
48. Precision production	55	55	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205	135	70	2.5	3.4	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	165	105	60	2.0	2.7	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	25	10	0.5	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	750	175	575	9.2	4.4	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	85	50	1.7	2.2	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	605	85	520	7.4	2.2	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	410	215	195	5.0	5.5	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	230	80	150	2.8	2.0	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	125	90	35	1.5	2.3	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	35	10	0.5	0.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,135	3,940	4,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,280	1,285	1,005	28.0	32.6	24.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,850	2,660	3,190	71.9	67.5	76.0
Location of study inside Canada	4,760	2,120	2,645	58.5	53.8	63.1
Same as province or territory of residence	4,330	1,945	2,380	53.2	49.4	56.7
Different than province or territory of residence	430	175	260	5.3	4.4	6.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,085	540	545	13.3	13.7	13.0
Americas	430	210	215	5.3	5.3	5.1
United States of America	330	160	165	4.1	4.1	3.9
Mexico	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Colombia	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Europe	315	175	135	3.9	4.4	3.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Germany	30	25	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	20	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	145	70	65	1.8	1.8	1.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Africa	20	10	15	0.2	0.3	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	300	125	175	3.7	3.2	4.2
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	115	60	55	1.4	1.5	1.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	10	50	0.7	0.3	1.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	75	30	45	0.9	0.8	1.1
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	30	25	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Australia	30	25	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,365	7,970	8,400	...	...	...
In the labour force	8,290	4,470	3,815	...	...	...
Employed	7,050	3,850	3,200	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,240	620	620	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	8,085	3,505	4,580	...	...	...
Participation rate	50.7	56.1	45.4	50.7	56.1	45.4
Employment rate	43.1	48.3	38.1	43.1	48.3	38.1
Unemployment rate	15.0	13.9	16.3	15.0	13.9	16.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,370	7,970	8,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,740	3,410	4,330	47.3	42.8	51.6
Worked	8,630	4,555	4,075	52.7	57.2	48.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,910	2,275	1,635	23.9	28.5	19.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,715	2,280	2,435	28.8	28.6	29.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.0	39.7	38.3	39.0	39.7	38.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	8,285	4,470	3,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	120	105	2.7	2.7	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	8,065	4,350	3,715	97.3	97.3	97.3
Employee	5,840	2,970	2,865	70.5	66.4	75.0
Permanent position	4,770	2,410	2,360	57.6	53.9	61.8
Temporary position	1,065	560	505	12.9	12.5	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	255	140	120	3.1	3.1	3.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	805	420	390	9.7	9.4	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,225	1,380	845	26.9	30.9	22.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	8,285	4,470	3,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	120	105	2.7	2.7	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	8,065	4,350	3,715	97.3	97.3	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	230	160	70	2.8	3.6	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,310	445	865	15.8	10.0	22.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	540	420	120	6.5	9.4	3.1
3 Health occupations	595	130	465	7.2	2.9	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	940	390	555	11.3	8.7	14.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	355	155	200	4.3	3.5	5.2
6 Sales and service occupations	2,220	1,050	1,170	26.8	23.5	30.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,070	990	85	12.9	22.1	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	550	420	130	6.6	9.4	3.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	245	195	55	3.0	4.4	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	8,285	4,470	3,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	120	105	2.7	2.7	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	8,065	4,350	3,715	97.3	97.3	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	475	325	150	5.7	7.3	3.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	30	25	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
23 Construction	550	490	60	6.6	11.0	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	550	360	185	6.6	8.1	4.8
41 Wholesale trade	270	165	105	3.3	3.7	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	920	405	515	11.1	9.1	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	300	225	80	3.6	5.0	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	115	80	35	1.4	1.8	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	340	185	150	4.1	4.1	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	270	120	145	3.3	2.7	3.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	745	415	325	9.0	9.3	8.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	460	295	160	5.6	6.6	4.2
61 Educational services	555	180	380	6.7	4.0	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	775	160	615	9.4	3.6	16.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	355	195	160	4.3	4.4	4.2
72 Accommodation and food services	620	315	310	7.5	7.0	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	280	130	150	3.4	2.9	3.9
91 Public administration	415	245	175	5.0	5.5	4.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,305	4,935	4,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,840	4,690	4,145	95.0	95.0	94.9
French	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-official language	50	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.6
English and French	165	65	100	1.8	1.3	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	225	140	80	2.4	2.8	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,305	4,935	4,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,240	4,920	4,320	99.3	99.7	98.9
Official languages	9,140	4,855	4,285	98.2	98.4	98.1
English	9,115	4,850	4,265	98.0	98.3	97.6
French	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Non-official languages	100	65	35	1.1	1.3	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	65	35	1.1	1.3	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	70	55	10	0.8	1.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	50	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Chinese languages	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	65	15	55	0.7	0.3	1.3
English and French	30	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,305	4,935	4,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	8,970	4,740	4,235	96.4	96.0	96.9
English	60	40	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
French	130	65	65	1.4	1.3	1.5
Non-official language	135	90	40	1.5	1.8	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	90	40	1.5	1.8	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,045	3,845	3,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,285	1,140	1,145	32.4	29.6	35.8
Worked outside Canada	65	35	30	0.9	0.9	0.9
No fixed workplace address	760	575	190	10.8	15.0	5.9
Usual place of work	3,940	2,100	1,840	55.9	54.6	57.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,940	2,100	1,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,665	840	820	42.3	40.0	44.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,815	970	850	46.1	46.2	46.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	440	280	160	11.2	13.3	8.7
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,700	2,670	2,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	4,235	2,405	1,830	90.1	90.1	90.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,950	2,275	1,680	84.0	85.2	83.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	285	135	145	6.1	5.1	7.2
Public transit	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.7
Walked	205	95	105	4.4	3.6	5.2
Bicycle	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Other method	215	145	70	4.6	5.4	3.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,700	2,670	2,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,860	995	865	39.6	37.3	42.7
15 to 29 minutes	1,695	910	785	36.1	34.1	38.8
30 to 44 minutes	620	415	205	13.2	15.5	10.1
45 to 59 minutes	180	105	75	3.8	3.9	3.7
60 minutes and over	340	245	95	7.2	9.2	4.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,700	2,670	2,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	220	165	55	4.7	6.2	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	695	510	185	14.8	19.1	9.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,275	790	485	27.1	29.6	24.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,140	540	605	24.3	20.2	29.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	820	365	455	17.4	13.7	22.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	550	305	245	11.7	11.4	12.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,660	1,380	1,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	200	105	95	7.5	7.6	7.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,465	1,275	1,185	92.7	92.4	92.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,025	1,055	970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	155	80	70	7.7	7.6	7.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80	40	40	4.0	3.8	4.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	40	30	3.7	3.8	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,870	975	895	92.3	92.4	92.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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