Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Haldimand County, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	49,216	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	45,608	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	20,710	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	18,719	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	39.4	...	...	39.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,250.45	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	49,215	24,435	24,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,630	4,420	4,210	17.5	18.1	17.0
0 to 4 years	2,760	1,410	1,355	5.6	5.8	5.5
5 to 9 years	2,990	1,535	1,455	6.1	6.3	5.9
10 to 14 years	2,880	1,470	1,405	5.9	6.0	5.7
15 to 64 years	30,470	15,170	15,300	61.9	62.1	61.7
15 to 19 years	2,740	1,420	1,320	5.6	5.8	5.3
20 to 24 years	2,460	1,265	1,190	5.0	5.2	4.8
25 to 29 years	2,755	1,395	1,360	5.6	5.7	5.5
30 to 34 years	3,070	1,475	1,595	6.2	6.0	6.4
35 to 39 years	2,975	1,475	1,500	6.0	6.0	6.1
40 to 44 years	2,685	1,345	1,340	5.5	5.5	5.4
45 to 49 years	2,750	1,365	1,385	5.6	5.6	5.6
50 to 54 years	3,140	1,545	1,590	6.4	6.3	6.4
55 to 59 years	3,985	1,915	2,065	8.1	7.8	8.3
60 to 64 years	3,910	1,960	1,950	7.9	8.0	7.9
65 years and over	10,115	4,845	5,265	20.6	19.8	21.2
65 to 69 years	3,400	1,695	1,710	6.9	6.9	6.9
70 to 74 years	2,645	1,320	1,330	5.4	5.4	5.4
75 to 79 years	1,855	910	945	3.8	3.7	3.8
80 to 84 years	1,115	510	610	2.3	2.1	2.5
85 years and over	1,095	415	685	2.2	1.7	2.8
85 to 89 years	675	275	400	1.4	1.1	1.6
90 to 94 years	300	100	190	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	110	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	18.1	17.0	17.5	18.1	17.0
15 to 64 years	61.9	62.1	61.7	61.9	62.1	61.7
65 years and over	20.6	19.8	21.2	20.6	19.8	21.2
85 years and over	2.2	1.7	2.8	2.2	1.7	2.8
Average age of the population	42.5	41.9	43.2	42.5	41.9	43.2
Median age of the population	43.6	42.8	44.4	43.6	42.8	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	18,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	15,785	...	...	84.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	565	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	665	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	365	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,210	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	50	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	75	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,235	...	...	22.6	...	...
2 persons	6,930	...	...	37.0	...	...
3 persons	2,875	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	2,685	...	...	14.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,995	...	...	10.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	48,565	24,165	24,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	40,585	20,015	20,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	25,500	12,735	12,765	62.8	63.6	62.1
Married	21,255	10,625	10,630	52.4	53.1	51.7
Living common-law	4,240	2,105	2,135	10.4	10.5	10.4
Living common law - Never married	2,690	1,345	1,340	6.6	6.7	6.5
Living common law - Separated	270	140	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,120	560	560	2.8	2.8	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	160	60	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	15,085	7,285	7,805	37.2	36.4	37.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,335	5,145	4,190	23.0	25.7	20.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,155	530	620	2.8	2.6	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,150	1,020	1,135	5.3	5.1	5.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,445	585	1,860	6.0	2.9	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,575	...	...	52.0	...	...
3 persons	2,910	...	...	20.0	...	...
4 persons	2,575	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,495	...	...	10.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	14,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	12,565	...	...	86.3	...	...
Married couples	10,440	...	...	71.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,260	...	...	36.1	...	...
Without children	5,180	...	...	35.6	...	...
Common-law couples	2,125	...	...	14.6	...	...
With children⁶	890	...	...	6.1	...	...
Without children	1,235	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,995	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,475	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	520	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	48,565	24,165	24,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	42,315	21,165	21,145	87.1	87.6	86.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	25,125	12,535	12,590	51.7	51.9	51.6
Parents in one-parent families	1,995	520	1,470	4.1	2.2	6.0
Children⁶	15,195	8,105	7,090	31.3	33.5	29.1
In a two-parent family	12,010	6,400	5,610	24.7	26.5	23.0
In a one-parent family	3,185	1,705	1,480	6.6	7.1	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,250	3,000	3,250	12.9	12.4	13.3
Living alone	4,235	2,060	2,175	8.7	8.5	8.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,025	425	600	2.1	1.8	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	990	515	475	2.0	2.1	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,710	...	...	67.9	...	...
Couple-family households	11,260	...	...	60.1	...	...
With children⁶	5,495	...	...	29.4	...	...
Without children	5,765	...	...	30.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,450	...	...	7.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	665	...	...	3.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	120	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	550	...	...	2.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	440	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	4,235	...	...	22.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	39,940	19,740	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,670	19,105	19,565	96.8	96.8	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	51,600	35,200	42,400	51,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,670	19,105	19,565	96.8	96.8	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	32,800	38,400	45,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,820	17,670	17,155	87.2	89.5	84.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	47,200	26,800	36,000	47,200	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,225	14,985	13,240	70.7	75.9	65.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,000	29,800	38,000	48,000	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,835	16,965	17,870	87.2	85.9	88.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	7,200	10,900	9,300	7,200	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,510	1,585	1,925	8.8	8.0	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,560	5,560	5,560	5,560	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,160	4,190	4,970	22.9	21.2	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	39,940	19,740	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,735	19,075	19,665	97.0	96.6	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,440	58,600	42,520	50,440	58,600	42,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,740	19,075	19,665	97.0	96.6	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	49,200	37,000	43,000	49,200	37,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,785	17,660	17,125	87.1	89.5	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360	54,000	36,400	45,360	54,000	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,225	14,970	13,255	70.7	75.8	65.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	52,400	37,080	45,200	52,400	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,860	17,005	17,855	87.3	86.1	88.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	9,650	11,890	10,800	9,650	11,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,535	1,590	1,945	8.9	8.1	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450	5,765	7,010	6,450	5,765	7,010
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,190	4,275	4,915	23.0	21.7	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,340	7,850	8,770	8,340	7,850	8,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	39,935	19,740	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,710	8,145	5,570	34.3	41.3	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	69,500	55,200	63,200	69,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,500	74,100	60,250	68,500	74,100	60,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,355	4,425	5,925	25.9	22.4	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	23,800	16,800	19,000	23,800	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,480	33,960	22,640	27,480	33,960	22,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.4	74.6	80.8	85.4	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.4	70.2	58.8	65.4	70.2	58.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.3	14.7	25.4	19.3	14.7	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.6	1.2	0.8	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.4	6.3	4.7	3.4	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.0	5.2	3.9	3.0	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	39,935	19,745	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,270	640	630	3.2	3.2	3.1
With total income	38,665	19,105	19,560	96.8	96.8	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,950	1,120	1,825	7.6	5.9	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	4,720	1,755	2,965	12.2	9.2	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	5,770	2,275	3,495	14.9	11.9	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,665	1,990	2,680	12.1	10.4	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	4,510	2,110	2,405	11.7	11.0	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,830	1,880	1,950	9.9	9.8	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,050	1,795	1,255	7.9	9.4	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,400	1,525	875	6.2	8.0	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,805	1,180	625	4.7	6.2	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,465	975	490	3.8	5.1	2.5
$100,000 and over	3,505	2,505	995	9.1	13.1	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	2,740	1,920	815	7.1	10.0	4.2
$150,000 and over	765	585	180	2.0	3.1	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	39,935	19,745	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,265	635	630	3.2	3.2	3.1
With after-tax income	38,670	19,105	19,565	96.8	96.8	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,130	1,175	1,950	8.1	6.2	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905	1,825	3,075	12.7	9.6	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,480	2,590	3,890	16.8	13.6	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	5,690	2,545	3,145	14.7	13.3	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,265	2,530	2,735	13.6	13.2	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	4,175	2,435	1,745	10.8	12.7	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,055	1,910	1,145	7.9	10.0	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,205	1,475	730	5.7	7.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,530	1,000	530	4.0	5.2	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	815	555	260	2.1	2.9	1.3
$100,000 and over	1,425	1,060	365	3.7	5.5	1.9
$100,000 to $124,999	895	655	240	2.3	3.4	1.2
$125,000 and over	535	405	130	1.4	2.1	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	39,935	19,745	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	11,710	4,755	6,955	29.3	24.1	34.4
With employment income	28,225	14,990	13,235	70.7	75.9	65.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,405	2,370	2,040	15.6	15.8	15.4
$5,000 to $9,999	2,095	845	1,255	7.4	5.6	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	3,190	1,285	1,900	11.3	8.6	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	2,515	1,065	1,445	8.9	7.1	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	2,435	1,050	1,385	8.6	7.0	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	2,480	1,110	1,370	8.8	7.4	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,385	1,285	1,095	8.4	8.6	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,960	1,220	740	6.9	8.1	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,625	1,105	525	5.8	7.4	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,320	885	435	4.7	5.9	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,210	810	395	4.3	5.4	3.0
$100,000 and over	2,610	1,955	655	9.2	13.0	4.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,535	1,105	435	5.4	7.4	3.3
$125,000 and over	1,070	850	225	3.8	5.7	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	39,940	19,740	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,085	18,775	19,310	95.4	95.1	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	51,600	32,800	41,200	51,600	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,110	18,780	19,325	95.4	95.1	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,200	30,400	37,200	45,200	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,515	17,460	17,055	86.4	88.4	84.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	49,200	28,800	38,000	49,200	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,485	15,075	13,410	71.3	76.4	66.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,400	31,200	39,600	50,400	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,200	16,200	17,000	83.1	82.1	84.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	1,480	7,200	4,760	1,480	7,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,985	1,285	1,705	7.5	6.5	8.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,400	6,080	5,800	5,400	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	39,940	19,740	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,140	18,730	19,400	95.5	94.9	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,160	58,900	39,760	49,160	58,900	39,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,155	18,735	19,420	95.5	94.9	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	48,840	34,520	41,560	48,840	34,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,485	17,405	17,080	86.3	88.2	84.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,560	56,600	36,280	46,560	56,600	36,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,460	14,985	13,480	71.3	75.9	66.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	54,350	37,080	46,160	54,350	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,210	16,170	17,045	83.1	81.9	84.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,130	7,320	8,900	8,130	7,320	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,960	1,300	1,660	7.4	6.6	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,360	6,265	8,230	7,360	6,265	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	39,935	19,740	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,595	8,045	5,545	34.0	40.8	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	68,000	50,800	61,200	68,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	72,300	56,850	66,000	72,300	56,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,875	4,215	5,665	24.7	21.4	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	30,800	20,200	23,400	30,800	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	42,120	26,240	33,000	42,120	26,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6	89.2	80.4	85.6	89.2	80.4
Employment income (%)	70.0	73.8	64.8	70.0	73.8	64.8
Government transfers (%)	14.4	10.7	19.7	14.4	10.7	19.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	1.8	1.2	0.7	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	18,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	18,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,400	...	...	104,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,760	...	...	50,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,560	...	...	43,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...	102,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	285	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	560	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	575	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	480	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	595	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	610	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	650	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,300	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,305	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,205	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,230	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,200	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,420	...	...	45.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,595	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,050	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,240	...	...	12.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,530	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	580	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	665	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	555	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	675	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	730	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	800	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,545	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,525	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,475	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,485	...	...	7.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,375	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,660	...	...	35.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,765	...	...	14.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,705	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,190	...	...	11.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	14,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,225	2,575	2,650	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	44,800	36,400	40,400	44,800	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	39,600	34,400	36,800	39,600	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	14,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,700	...	...	119,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...	101,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...	83,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,400	...	...	149,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,100	...	...	126,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...	85,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,315	2,630	2,685	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,120	51,000	45,320	48,120	51,000	45,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,560	43,360	39,840	41,560	43,360	39,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	48,560	24,160	24,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,275	5,290	4,985	21.2	21.9	20.4
0 to 5 years	3,390	1,735	1,655	7.0	7.2	6.8
18 to 64 years	28,670	14,200	14,470	59.0	58.8	59.3
65 years and over	9,620	4,675	4,945	19.8	19.4	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,835	1,815	2,015	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	855	445	410	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	270	140	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,935	940	995	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,040	430	610	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.9	7.5	8.3	7.9	7.5	8.3
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.4	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	8.0	7.9	8.0	8.0	7.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.6	6.9	6.8	6.6	6.9
65 years and over (%)	10.8	9.2	12.4	10.8	9.2	12.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	48,565	24,165	24,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,275	5,290	4,985	21.2	21.9	20.4
0 to 5 years	3,385	1,735	1,655	7.0	7.2	6.8
18 to 64 years	28,670	14,195	14,475	59.0	58.7	59.3
65 years and over	9,620	4,675	4,940	19.8	19.3	20.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	860	465	395	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	145	75	65	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	60	30	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	595	330	260	...	...	...
65 years and over	115	55	65	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.1	2.4	1.8	2.1	2.4	1.8
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	48,560	24,160	24,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	22,240	10,745	11,490	45.8	44.5	47.1
In bottom decile	3,265	1,580	1,680	6.7	6.5	6.9
In second decile	3,940	1,820	2,125	8.1	7.5	8.7
In third decile	4,610	2,245	2,360	9.5	9.3	9.7
In fourth decile	4,880	2,385	2,495	10.0	9.9	10.2
In fifth decile	5,545	2,715	2,835	11.4	11.2	11.6
In top half of the distribution	26,325	13,415	12,910	54.2	55.5	52.9
In sixth decile	5,920	2,990	2,930	12.2	12.4	12.0
In seventh decile	5,720	2,875	2,845	11.8	11.9	11.7
In eighth decile	5,690	2,920	2,770	11.7	12.1	11.4
In ninth decile	5,320	2,710	2,605	11.0	11.2	10.7
In top decile	3,675	1,920	1,755	7.6	7.9	7.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	48,565	...	...	48,565	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.388	...	...	0.388	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248	...	...	0.248	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	48,870	24,315	24,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	47,190	23,620	23,575	96.6	97.1	96.0
French only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,530	635	895	3.1	2.6	3.6
Neither English nor French	130	60	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	48,870	24,315	24,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,385	24,090	24,290	99.0	99.1	98.9
French	335	155	180	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and French	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Neither English nor French	120	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	48,870	24,315	24,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	48,270	24,035	24,235	98.8	98.8	98.7
Official languages	45,410	22,635	22,770	92.9	93.1	92.7
English	45,020	22,450	22,565	92.1	92.3	91.9
French	390	185	205	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official languages	2,865	1,395	1,465	5.9	5.7	6.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,860	1,395	1,465	5.9	5.7	6.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	60	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	60	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,300	1,140	1,155	4.7	4.7	4.7
Albanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	205	220	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	415	195	220	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	170	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	855	405	450	1.7	1.7	1.8
Frisian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
High German languages	225	105	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	215	105	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	580	270	305	1.2	1.1	1.2
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	565	270	295	1.2	1.1	1.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	275	130	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	245	115	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	125	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	695	375	320	1.4	1.5	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	185	110	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Portuguese	265	145	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romanian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	215	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	600	280	315	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	150	60	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	395	190	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	48,870	24,315	24,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	46,330	23,125	23,205	94.8	95.1	94.5
French	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	450	220	235	0.9	0.9	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	450	220	235	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	270	120	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,680	790	890	3.4	3.2	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	48,870	24,315	24,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	48,495	24,140	24,355	99.2	99.3	99.2
Official languages	47,680	23,740	23,940	97.6	97.6	97.5
English	47,600	23,705	23,890	97.4	97.5	97.3
French	80	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	810	400	415	1.7	1.6	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	810	400	415	1.7	1.6	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	555	270	290	1.1	1.1	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	190	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	170	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	190	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	375	175	195	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	330	160	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	48,870	24,315	24,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	47,155	23,520	23,635	96.5	96.7	96.3
English	320	155	170	0.7	0.6	0.7
French	220	95	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	1,000	470	535	2.0	1.9	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	990	465	525	2.0	1.9	2.1
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	48,565	24,160	24,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	48,425	24,095	24,330	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	48,400	24,085	24,315	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	1,535	660	875	3.2	2.7	3.6
Non-official languages	3,975	1,865	2,110	8.2	7.7	8.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,950	1,855	2,095	8.1	7.7	8.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	100	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	100	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	155	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	65	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	55	110	0.3	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,150	1,490	1,660	6.5	6.2	6.8
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	590	250	335	1.2	1.0	1.4
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	565	245	325	1.2	1.0	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	210	80	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
Russian	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	60	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,060	485	575	2.2	2.0	2.4
Frisian	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
High German languages	360	170	190	0.7	0.7	0.8
German	360	170	190	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	695	305	390	1.4	1.3	1.6
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	675	290	385	1.4	1.2	1.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	430	200	230	0.9	0.8	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	390	175	210	0.8	0.7	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	125	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	235	95	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,075	545	535	2.2	2.3	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	330	180	150	0.7	0.7	0.6
Portuguese	360	180	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	400	185	215	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	48,565	24,160	24,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,890	990	900	3.9	4.1	3.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,830	970	865	3.8	4.0	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,495	795	695	3.1	3.3	2.8
Métis	335	170	165	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	46,675	23,175	23,500	96.1	95.9	96.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	48,565	24,160	24,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,015	500	510	2.1	2.1	2.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	47,550	23,660	23,890	97.9	97.9	97.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	15,915	...	...	85.0	...	...
Renter	2,805	...	...	15.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	745	...	...	4.0	...	...
Not condominium	17,980	...	...	96.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	1,270	...	...	6.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,405	...	...	18.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,320	...	...	44.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,675	...	...	30.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,545	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 rooms	2,270	...	...	12.1	...	...
6 rooms	3,115	...	...	16.6	...	...
7 rooms	3,105	...	...	16.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,685	...	...	41.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	18,555	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	165	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	18,105	...	...	96.7	...	...
Not suitable	615	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,005	...	...	32.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,570	...	...	24.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,175	...	...	11.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,290	...	...	12.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	910	...	...	4.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	715	...	...	3.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	600	...	...	3.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,455	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	17,600	...	...	94.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,120	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,480	...	...	45.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,615	...	...	51.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	625	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	18,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	205	...	...	1.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,210	...	...	11.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,815	...	...	15.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,130	...	...	16.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,390	...	...	23.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,505	...	...	18.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,840	...	...	9.8	...	...
85 years and over	620	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	18,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	15,060	...	...	83.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,050	...	...	16.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,845	...	...	15.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	18,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,420	...	...	23.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,750	...	...	14.7	...	...
Not suitable only	490	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	820	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	240	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	14,300	...	...	76.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	17,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	835	...	...	4.7	...	...
Not in core need	17,070	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,370	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	61.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.2	...	...	13.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,408	...	...	1,408	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	626,000	...	...	626,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,780	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.1	...	...	37.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.1	...	...	18.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,136	...	...	1,136	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	48,560	24,165	24,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	715	380	340	1.5	1.6	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	710	380	335	1.5	1.6	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	620	335	285	1.3	1.4	1.2
Métis single ancestry	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,745	910	840	3.6	3.8	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,720	885	835	3.5	3.7	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,350	695	655	2.8	2.9	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	360	190	175	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	46,100	22,875	23,225	94.9	94.7	95.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	48,565	24,165	24,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	47,555	23,665	23,890	97.9	97.9	97.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	10,195	5,305	4,895	21.0	22.0	20.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	37,355	18,360	19,000	76.9	76.0	77.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,010	500	510	2.1	2.1	2.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	48,565	24,165	24,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	44,130	22,035	22,095	90.9	91.2	90.6
Immigrants⁸¹	4,295	2,045	2,245	8.8	8.5	9.2
Before 1980	2,155	1,005	1,150	4.4	4.2	4.7
1980 to 1990	565	280	280	1.2	1.2	1.1
1991 to 2000	495	215	285	1.0	0.9	1.2
2001 to 2010	545	270	275	1.1	1.1	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	535	280	255	1.1	1.2	1.0
2011 to 2015	305	145	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
2016 to 2021	230	135	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	140	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,290	2,045	2,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	685	295	390	16.0	14.4	17.3
5 to 14 years	1,235	565	670	28.8	27.6	29.8
15 to 24 years	870	425	445	20.3	20.8	19.8
25 to 44 years	1,320	675	645	30.8	33.0	28.7
45 years and over	190	95	90	4.4	4.6	4.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,290	2,045	2,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	745	295	450	17.4	14.4	20.0
Brazil	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	60	15	45	1.4	0.7	2.0
El Salvador	25	25	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Guyana	20	10	15	0.5	0.5	0.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	110	55	50	2.6	2.7	2.2
Mexico	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	105	40	65	2.4	2.0	2.9
United States of America	260	70	190	6.1	3.4	8.4
Other places of birth in Americas	115	65	50	2.7	3.2	2.2
Europe	2,710	1,345	1,370	63.2	65.8	60.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.7
Croatia	50	25	20	1.2	1.2	0.9
France	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Germany	175	75	100	4.1	3.7	4.4
Greece	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Hungary	55	30	30	1.3	1.5	1.3
Italy	160	100	60	3.7	4.9	2.7
Netherlands	520	250	270	12.1	12.2	12.0
Poland	115	50	70	2.7	2.4	3.1
Portugal	240	130	110	5.6	6.4	4.9
Romania	40	25	15	0.9	1.2	0.7
Russian Federation	30	15	10	0.7	0.7	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Ukraine	35	15	15	0.8	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,055	500	550	24.6	24.4	24.4
Other places of birth in Europe	180	95	85	4.2	4.6	3.8
Africa	135	70	60	3.1	3.4	2.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	15	15	0.7	0.7	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	25	40	1.5	1.2	1.8
Asia	675	315	365	15.7	15.4	16.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iraq	45	30	20	1.0	1.5	0.9
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.4
China⁹⁰	70	35	40	1.6	1.7	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	115	40	80	2.7	2.0	3.6
Viet Nam	35	20	10	0.8	1.0	0.4
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.7
India	120	60	60	2.8	2.9	2.7
Pakistan	120	60	60	2.8	2.9	2.7
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	10	30	0.9	0.5	1.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	230	135	95	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	40	10	25	17.4	7.4	26.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	0	8.7	7.4	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15	6.5	0.0	15.8
Europe	45	45	0	19.6	33.3	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	6.5	11.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	15	0	8.7	11.1	0.0
Africa	15	10	10	6.5	7.4	10.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	125	70	50	54.3	51.9	52.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	25	15	17.4	18.5	15.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	35	20	15	15.2	14.8	15.8
Philippines	15	10	0	6.5	7.4	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	48,565	24,160	24,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,715	2,245	2,465	9.7	9.3	10.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,570	4,085	4,480	17.6	16.9	18.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	35,280	17,825	17,455	72.6	73.8	71.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,140	1,045	1,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,025	530	490	47.9	50.7	44.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	395	245	150	18.5	23.4	13.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	635	290	340	29.7	27.8	30.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	725	330	395	33.9	31.6	35.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	330	150	180	15.4	14.4	16.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	25	30	2.6	2.4	2.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,140	1,045	1,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	160	60	105	7.5	5.7	9.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	265	165	100	12.4	15.8	9.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	70	35	35	3.3	3.3	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	70	35	35	3.3	3.3	3.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	0	25	1.6	0.0	2.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,540	745	800	72.0	71.3	72.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	48,565	24,160	24,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,605	1,185	1,420	5.4	4.9	5.8
South Asian	620	285	330	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese	165	90	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Black	745	350	395	1.5	1.4	1.6
Filipino	245	90	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
Arab	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	210	95	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	105	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	100	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	145	60	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	45,955	22,980	22,980	94.6	95.1	94.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	48,565	24,160	24,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,770	4,530	4,230	18.1	18.8	17.3
English	14,785	7,155	7,630	30.4	29.6	31.3
Irish	9,495	4,515	4,980	19.6	18.7	20.4
Scottish	11,220	5,440	5,775	23.1	22.5	23.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,045	1,470	1,575	6.3	6.1	6.5
German	7,670	3,880	3,795	15.8	16.1	15.6
Chinese	280	140	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italian	2,500	1,315	1,190	5.1	5.4	4.9
Indian (India)	260	120	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ukrainian	1,555	745	810	3.2	3.1	3.3
Dutch	6,365	3,205	3,160	13.1	13.3	12.9
Polish	1,755	805	945	3.6	3.3	3.9
Québécois	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,105	1,040	1,065	4.3	4.3	4.4
Filipino	275	100	170	0.6	0.4	0.7
French Canadian	605	250	345	1.2	1.0	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	780	390	390	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,070	595	480	2.2	2.5	2.0
Métis	485	255	235	1.0	1.1	1.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	680	340	340	1.4	1.4	1.4
Russian	390	175	215	0.8	0.7	0.9
Norwegian	315	145	175	0.6	0.6	0.7
Welsh	855	400	455	1.8	1.7	1.9
Portuguese	840	440	400	1.7	1.8	1.6
American	605	305	300	1.2	1.3	1.2
Spanish	190	120	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
Swedish	250	110	140	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hungarian	890	385	510	1.8	1.6	2.1
Acadian	110	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Pakistani	180	65	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	195	105	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	75	55	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	165	65	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	180	80	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	220	115	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Lebanese	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230	125	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Danish	170	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	305	150	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	330	165	165	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belgian	205	80	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
Haitian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss	265	155	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Finnish	120	40	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sri Lankan	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	290	145	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	140	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	150	85	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syrian	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	130	60	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ojibway	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	70	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	240	135	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Turkish	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	170	65	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	50	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	180	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
African American	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	230	120	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	48,560	24,160	24,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	29,380	13,910	15,465	60.5	57.6	63.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,945	2,400	2,545	10.2	9.9	10.4
Anabaptist	180	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	2,915	1,320	1,590	6.0	5.5	6.5
Baptist	1,085	495	590	2.2	2.0	2.4
Catholic	9,125	4,480	4,645	18.8	18.5	19.0
Christian Orthodox	315	150	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	175	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latter Day Saints	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	895	400	495	1.8	1.7	2.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	875	385	490	1.8	1.6	2.0
Presbyterian	1,430	635	795	2.9	2.6	3.3
Reformed	1,775	875	900	3.7	3.6	3.7
United Church	3,935	1,740	2,195	8.1	7.2	9.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,595	775	820	3.3	3.2	3.4
Hindu	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	450	195	255	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sikh	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	155	40	110	0.3	0.2	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	18,200	9,790	8,410	37.5	40.5	34.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	48,105	23,935	24,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	44,225	22,100	22,125	91.9	92.3	91.5
Movers	3,880	1,830	2,050	8.1	7.6	8.5
Non-migrants	1,160	560	600	2.4	2.3	2.5
Migrants	2,720	1,275	1,445	5.7	5.3	6.0
Internal migrants	2,670	1,250	1,415	5.6	5.2	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,605	1,215	1,390	5.4	5.1	5.8
Interprovincial migrants	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	45,920	22,880	23,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	30,850	15,545	15,300	67.2	67.9	66.4
Movers	15,070	7,330	7,735	32.8	32.0	33.6
Non-migrants	4,620	2,300	2,320	10.1	10.1	10.1
Migrants	10,450	5,035	5,415	22.8	22.0	23.5
Internal migrants	10,165	4,885	5,275	22.1	21.4	22.9
Intraprovincial migrants	9,860	4,770	5,095	21.5	20.8	22.1
Interprovincial migrants	300	120	185	0.7	0.5	0.8
External migrants	290	150	140	0.6	0.7	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,940	19,740	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,040	4,645	3,395	20.1	23.5	16.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,895	15,100	16,800	79.9	76.5	83.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,085	12,275	12,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,045	1,840	1,210	12.1	15.0	9.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	22,035	10,435	11,600	87.8	85.0	90.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,940	19,745	20,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,120	4,045	3,070	17.8	20.5	15.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,950	6,390	6,560	32.4	32.4	32.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,870	9,305	10,565	49.7	47.1	52.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,010	7,560	7,455	37.6	38.3	36.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,690	2,930	755	9.2	14.8	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,410	965	445	3.5	4.9	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,280	1,965	305	5.7	10.0	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,765	4,365	6,400	27.0	22.1	31.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	560	260	300	1.4	1.3	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,855	1,745	3,110	12.2	8.8	15.4
Bachelor's degree	3,595	1,235	2,360	9.0	6.3	11.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	350	145	210	0.9	0.7	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	760	290	465	1.9	1.5	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,085	12,275	12,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,585	1,560	1,025	10.3	12.7	8.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,735	4,075	3,665	30.8	33.2	28.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,770	6,650	8,125	58.9	54.2	63.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,075	5,455	5,620	44.1	44.4	43.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,525	2,025	495	10.1	16.5	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	925	635	290	3.7	5.2	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,600	1,390	210	6.4	11.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,190	3,260	4,930	32.6	26.6	38.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	365	170	190	1.5	1.4	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,700	1,190	2,505	14.7	9.7	19.6
Bachelor's degree	2,735	860	1,870	10.9	7.0	14.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	250	90	160	1.0	0.7	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	600	195	400	2.4	1.6	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	39,935	19,745	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,070	10,440	9,630	50.3	52.9	47.7
Education	1,065	195	870	2.7	1.0	4.3
13. Education	1,065	195	870	2.7	1.0	4.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	550	205	340	1.4	1.0	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	480	165	310	1.2	0.8	1.5
Humanities	845	295	555	2.1	1.5	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	200	40	160	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	50	135	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	90	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	160	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,095	475	1,620	5.2	2.4	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	70	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670	35	635	1.7	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	335	70	265	0.8	0.4	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	260	25	235	0.7	0.1	1.2
45. Social sciences	580	265	320	1.5	1.3	1.6
Business, management and public administration	3,155	870	2,280	7.9	4.4	11.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	30	380	1.0	0.2	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,740	840	1,900	6.9	4.3	9.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	495	245	245	1.2	1.2	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	200	75	130	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	135	105	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	365	240	120	0.9	1.2	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	290	200	85	0.7	1.0	0.4
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,355	5,075	280	13.4	25.7	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	130	90	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	255	220	35	0.6	1.1	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,245	1,120	125	3.1	5.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,180	1,160	25	3.0	5.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,860	1,820	35	4.7	9.2	0.2
48. Precision production	695	670	30	1.7	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	435	315	1.9	2.2	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	620	350	265	1.6	1.8	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	80	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	3,455	430	3,020	8.7	2.2	15.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	105	200	0.8	0.5	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,125	315	2,815	7.8	1.6	13.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,725	820	905	4.3	4.2	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	805	110	700	2.0	0.6	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	560	365	195	1.4	1.8	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	335	15	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	25,085	12,275	12,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,315	5,630	4,685	41.1	45.9	36.6
Education	645	95	540	2.6	0.8	4.2
13. Education	645	95	540	2.6	0.8	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	380	120	265	1.5	1.0	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	335	95	235	1.3	0.8	1.8
Humanities	600	200	400	2.4	1.6	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	155	30	120	0.6	0.2	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	135	40	95	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	50	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	105	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,665	345	1,325	6.6	2.8	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	60	95	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	535	25	505	2.1	0.2	3.9
22. Legal professions and studies	260	50	210	1.0	0.4	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	205	0	205	0.8	0.0	1.6
45. Social sciences	440	195	250	1.8	1.6	2.0
Business, management and public administration	2,515	650	1,865	10.0	5.3	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	360	25	335	1.4	0.2	2.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,150	620	1,530	8.6	5.1	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	405	190	220	1.6	1.5	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	60	115	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	40	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	90	65	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	245	160	90	1.0	1.3	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	215	145	65	0.9	1.2	0.5
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,885	3,645	245	15.5	29.7	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	100	65	30	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	170	140	30	0.7	1.1	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	925	820	105	3.7	6.7	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	850	830	20	3.4	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,340	1,310	30	5.3	10.7	0.2
48. Precision production	500	480	20	2.0	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	545	280	255	2.2	2.3	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	440	220	225	1.8	1.8	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	60	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	2,575	350	2,225	10.3	2.9	17.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	85	140	0.9	0.7	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,330	260	2,075	9.3	2.1	16.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,305	610	695	5.2	5.0	5.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	580	70	505	2.3	0.6	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	450	285	170	1.8	2.3	1.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	275	260	15	1.1	2.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	25,085	12,275	12,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,315	5,630	4,685	41.1	45.9	36.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	14,770	6,645	8,125	58.9	54.1	63.4
Location of study inside Canada	13,905	6,265	7,640	55.4	51.0	59.6
Same as province or territory of residence	13,555	6,105	7,440	54.0	49.7	58.1
Different than province or territory of residence	350	160	190	1.4	1.3	1.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	865	375	490	3.4	3.1	3.8
Americas	335	110	225	1.3	0.9	1.8
United States of America	280	80	195	1.1	0.7	1.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	265	145	120	1.1	1.2	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	65	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Africa	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	215	105	115	0.9	0.9	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	40	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oceania	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	39,940	19,740	20,190	...	...	...
In the labour force	24,680	12,935	11,745	...	...	...
Employed	22,615	12,010	10,605	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,060	925	1,140	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	15,255	6,810	8,445	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.8	65.5	58.2	61.8	65.5	58.2
Employment rate	56.6	60.8	52.5	56.6	60.8	52.5
Unemployment rate	8.3	7.2	9.7	8.3	7.2	9.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	39,935	19,745	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,950	6,690	8,255	37.4	33.9	40.9
Worked	24,985	13,050	11,935	62.6	66.1	59.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	14,050	8,335	5,720	35.2	42.2	28.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,935	4,715	6,220	27.4	23.9	30.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	43.9	41.5	42.8	43.9	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	24,680	12,935	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	165	185	1.4	1.3	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	24,330	12,765	11,560	98.6	98.7	98.4
Employee	20,645	10,525	10,125	83.7	81.4	86.2
Permanent position	18,085	9,355	8,725	73.3	72.3	74.3
Temporary position	2,565	1,170	1,395	10.4	9.0	11.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	730	325	400	3.0	2.5	3.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,840	845	990	7.5	6.5	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,675	2,245	1,440	14.9	17.4	12.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	24,680	12,935	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	165	185	1.4	1.3	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	24,330	12,765	11,560	98.6	98.7	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	185	125	55	0.7	1.0	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,375	680	2,695	13.7	5.3	22.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,090	825	270	4.4	6.4	2.3
3 Health occupations	1,830	205	1,625	7.4	1.6	13.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,455	660	1,800	9.9	5.1	15.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	460	155	310	1.9	1.2	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	5,430	2,005	3,420	22.0	15.5	29.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,255	5,805	455	25.3	44.9	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,530	1,050	475	6.2	8.1	4.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,710	1,250	460	6.9	9.7	3.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	24,680	12,935	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	165	185	1.4	1.3	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	24,330	12,765	11,560	98.6	98.7	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,345	800	545	5.4	6.2	4.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90	85	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
22 Utilities	240	175	65	1.0	1.4	0.6
23 Construction	2,900	2,580	315	11.8	19.9	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	3,310	2,515	795	13.4	19.4	6.8
41 Wholesale trade	935	680	260	3.8	5.3	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	2,720	1,140	1,580	11.0	8.8	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,190	900	285	4.8	7.0	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	195	100	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	605	195	405	2.5	1.5	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	310	130	180	1.3	1.0	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	905	335	565	3.7	2.6	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,070	640	430	4.3	4.9	3.7
61 Educational services	1,590	380	1,205	6.4	2.9	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	3,085	310	2,775	12.5	2.4	23.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	365	145	220	1.5	1.1	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	1,105	405	695	4.5	3.1	5.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,260	680	580	5.1	5.3	4.9
91 Public administration	1,090	545	540	4.4	4.2	4.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	26,620	13,900	12,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	26,175	13,720	12,455	98.3	98.7	97.9
French	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	135	40	95	0.5	0.3	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	205	90	110	0.8	0.6	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	26,620	13,900	12,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	26,575	13,885	12,685	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	26,515	13,855	12,665	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	26,455	13,840	12,615	99.4	99.6	99.2
French	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	26,620	13,900	12,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	26,310	13,775	12,530	98.8	99.1	98.5
English	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
French	110	40	70	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official language	150	55	90	0.6	0.4	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	50	90	0.5	0.4	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	22,615	12,010	10,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,720	1,400	2,325	16.4	11.7	21.9
Worked outside Canada	40	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,400	2,705	695	15.0	22.5	6.6
Usual place of work	15,455	7,870	7,585	68.3	65.5	71.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,455	7,870	7,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,255	3,385	3,865	46.9	43.0	51.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	595	180	410	3.8	2.3	5.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,560	4,265	3,295	48.9	54.2	43.4
Commute to a different province or territory	40	35	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,855	10,570	8,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	17,770	10,105	7,660	94.2	95.6	92.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,750	9,615	7,135	88.8	91.0	86.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,015	490	525	5.4	4.6	6.3
Public transit	55	15	40	0.3	0.1	0.5
Walked	710	310	400	3.8	2.9	4.8
Bicycle	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Other method	280	130	155	1.5	1.2	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,855	10,570	8,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,335	2,475	2,860	28.3	23.4	34.5
15 to 29 minutes	4,420	2,345	2,070	23.4	22.2	25.0
30 to 44 minutes	4,435	2,530	1,905	23.5	23.9	23.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,470	1,605	865	13.1	15.2	10.4
60 minutes and over	2,195	1,615	575	11.6	15.3	6.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,855	10,570	8,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,435	1,860	580	12.9	17.6	7.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,070	2,685	1,380	21.6	25.4	16.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,755	2,520	2,235	25.2	23.8	27.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,090	1,150	1,945	16.4	10.9	23.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,570	585	985	8.3	5.5	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,925	1,775	1,150	15.5	16.8	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,475	5,385	5,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	540	260	275	5.2	4.8	5.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,935	5,125	4,810	94.8	95.2	94.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,480	3,850	3,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	390	185	210	5.2	4.8	5.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	185	80	100	2.5	2.1	2.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	205	105	105	2.7	2.7	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,090	3,665	3,425	94.8	95.2	94.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 28, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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