Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sault Ste. Marie, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	72,051	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	73,368	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.8	...	...	- 1.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	34,818	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	32,530	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	324.6	...	...	324.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	221.99	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	72,050	35,035	37,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10,250	5,360	4,890	14.2	15.3	13.2
0 to 4 years	3,040	1,600	1,445	4.2	4.6	3.9
5 to 9 years	3,675	1,885	1,790	5.1	5.4	4.8
10 to 14 years	3,530	1,875	1,660	4.9	5.4	4.5
15 to 64 years	43,875	21,535	22,340	60.9	61.5	60.3
15 to 19 years	3,510	1,795	1,710	4.9	5.1	4.6
20 to 24 years	4,035	2,155	1,880	5.6	6.2	5.1
25 to 29 years	4,260	2,190	2,065	5.9	6.3	5.6
30 to 34 years	4,245	2,095	2,150	5.9	6.0	5.8
35 to 39 years	4,070	1,990	2,080	5.6	5.7	5.6
40 to 44 years	4,030	1,945	2,090	5.6	5.6	5.6
45 to 49 years	3,910	1,890	2,025	5.4	5.4	5.5
50 to 54 years	4,320	2,140	2,185	6.0	6.1	5.9
55 to 59 years	5,545	2,555	2,990	7.7	7.3	8.1
60 to 64 years	5,940	2,785	3,150	8.2	7.9	8.5
65 years and over	17,930	8,135	9,790	24.9	23.2	26.4
65 to 69 years	5,180	2,470	2,710	7.2	7.1	7.3
70 to 74 years	4,545	2,180	2,370	6.3	6.2	6.4
75 to 79 years	3,225	1,450	1,775	4.5	4.1	4.8
80 to 84 years	2,375	1,030	1,345	3.3	2.9	3.6
85 years and over	2,605	1,015	1,590	3.6	2.9	4.3
85 to 89 years	1,610	675	935	2.2	1.9	2.5
90 to 94 years	805	290	510	1.1	0.8	1.4
95 to 99 years	170	50	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	15.3	13.2	14.2	15.3	13.2
15 to 64 years	60.9	61.5	60.3	60.9	61.5	60.3
65 years and over	24.9	23.2	26.4	24.9	23.2	26.4
85 years and over	3.6	2.9	4.3	3.6	2.9	4.3
Average age of the population	45.4	44.0	46.7	45.4	44.0	46.7
Median age of the population	47.2	44.8	49.2	47.2	44.8	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,150	...	...	65.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,810	...	...	5.6	...	...
Row house	945	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,425	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,965	...	...	15.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,060	...	...	6.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,075	...	...	34.0	...	...
2 persons	11,810	...	...	36.3	...	...
3 persons	4,625	...	...	14.2	...	...
4 persons	3,525	...	...	10.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,490	...	...	4.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	70,730	34,460	36,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	61,800	29,680	32,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	33,305	16,610	16,690	53.9	56.0	52.0
Married	26,495	13,220	13,275	42.9	44.5	41.3
Living common-law	6,805	3,395	3,410	11.0	11.4	10.6
Living common law - Never married	4,745	2,370	2,380	7.7	8.0	7.4
Living common law - Separated	420	215	210	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,420	710	710	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	220	105	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	28,500	13,065	15,440	46.1	44.0	48.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,815	9,215	7,600	27.2	31.0	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,170	920	1,250	3.5	3.1	3.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,460	1,820	2,640	7.2	6.1	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,055	1,115	3,945	8.2	3.8	12.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	20,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,020	...	...	58.5	...	...
3 persons	4,305	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 persons	3,140	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,090	...	...	5.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	20,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,375	...	...	79.7	...	...
Married couples	12,970	...	...	63.1	...	...
With children⁶	5,600	...	...	27.2	...	...
Without children	7,365	...	...	35.8	...	...
Common-law couples	3,400	...	...	16.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,415	...	...	6.9	...	...
Without children	1,990	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,180	...	...	20.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,235	...	...	15.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	950	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	70,730	34,460	36,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	55,275	27,245	28,030	78.1	79.1	77.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	32,745	16,345	16,395	46.3	47.4	45.2
Parents in one-parent families	4,185	945	3,235	5.9	2.7	8.9
Children⁶	18,350	9,950	8,400	25.9	28.9	23.2
In a two-parent family	12,145	6,535	5,610	17.2	19.0	15.5
In a one-parent family	6,205	3,415	2,790	8.8	9.9	7.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,460	7,220	8,240	21.9	21.0	22.7
Living alone	11,075	4,855	6,215	15.7	14.1	17.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,590	725	865	2.2	2.1	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,795	1,635	1,160	4.0	4.7	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,705	...	...	57.5	...	...
Couple-family households	15,320	...	...	47.1	...	...
With children⁶	6,580	...	...	20.2	...	...
Without children	8,740	...	...	26.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,385	...	...	10.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	560	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	850	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,240	...	...	3.8	...	...
One-person households	11,075	...	...	34.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	60,495	29,105	31,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,615	28,145	30,470	96.9	96.7	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,000	36,000	40,400	46,000	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,635	28,160	30,480	96.9	96.8	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	41,600	32,800	37,200	41,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,035	25,215	25,820	84.4	86.6	82.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,200	26,200	32,400	39,200	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,715	21,245	18,470	65.7	73.0	58.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,600	32,800	35,200	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,185	25,640	28,545	89.6	88.1	90.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,000	12,700	12,000	11,000	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,550	3,150	3,405	10.8	10.8	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,160	5,560	5,920	6,160	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,640	6,830	7,810	24.2	23.5	24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	60,495	29,135	31,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,635	28,115	30,510	96.9	96.5	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,680	56,700	43,240	49,680	56,700	43,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,670	28,145	30,525	97.0	96.6	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,560	47,680	37,840	42,560	47,680	37,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,010	25,125	25,885	84.3	86.2	82.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	51,800	36,280	43,920	51,800	36,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,715	21,275	18,440	65.7	73.0	58.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,480	46,440	37,880	42,480	46,440	37,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,245	25,560	28,685	89.7	87.7	91.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,400	11,460	13,240	12,400	11,460	13,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,560	3,310	3,255	10.8	11.4	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,180	7,630	6,730	7,180	7,630	6,730
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,440	6,855	7,585	23.9	23.5	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,230	9,030	9,400	9,230	9,030	9,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	60,490	29,140	31,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,325	9,370	7,955	28.6	32.2	25.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	76,000	56,000	65,500	76,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800	78,300	61,850	70,800	78,300	61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,055	7,075	7,980	24.9	24.3	25.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	19,200	15,500	17,000	19,200	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,240	29,120	21,800	25,240	29,120	21,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.0	81.6	71.2	77.0	81.6	71.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.9	62.0	53.0	57.9	62.0	53.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.1	18.4	28.8	23.1	18.4	28.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.4	6.6	5.4	4.4	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.9	5.4	4.6	3.9	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	60,490	29,110	31,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,875	960	915	3.1	3.3	2.9
With total income	58,615	28,145	30,470	96.9	96.7	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,840	1,575	2,265	6.6	5.6	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,430	2,740	4,690	12.7	9.7	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	9,090	3,525	5,570	15.5	12.5	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	8,500	4,005	4,490	14.5	14.2	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,345	3,500	3,845	12.5	12.4	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,385	2,525	2,860	9.2	9.0	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,050	2,090	1,960	6.9	7.4	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,195	1,790	1,410	5.5	6.4	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,700	1,710	990	4.6	6.1	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,200	1,400	800	3.8	5.0	2.6
$100,000 and over	4,885	3,295	1,590	8.3	11.7	5.2
$100,000 to $149,999	3,795	2,515	1,275	6.5	8.9	4.2
$150,000 and over	1,090	775	320	1.9	2.8	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	60,490	29,110	31,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,855	950	905	3.1	3.3	2.9
With after-tax income	58,640	28,155	30,480	96.9	96.7	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,030	1,610	2,420	6.9	5.7	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,685	2,860	4,830	13.1	10.2	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	10,415	4,090	6,330	17.8	14.5	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	10,060	4,875	5,185	17.2	17.3	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	7,935	3,815	4,115	13.5	13.5	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,595	2,835	2,760	9.5	10.1	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,310	2,500	1,810	7.3	8.9	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,315	2,145	1,170	5.7	7.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,225	1,335	895	3.8	4.7	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,125	745	375	1.9	2.6	1.2
$100,000 and over	1,945	1,350	595	3.3	4.8	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,135	785	355	1.9	2.8	1.2
$125,000 and over	810	570	240	1.4	2.0	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	60,490	29,110	31,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,775	7,860	12,915	34.3	27.0	41.2
With employment income	39,715	21,245	18,465	65.7	73.0	58.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,840	4,855	2,990	19.7	22.9	16.2
$5,000 to $9,999	3,000	1,320	1,685	7.6	6.2	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	4,605	2,020	2,585	11.6	9.5	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	3,495	1,605	1,885	8.8	7.6	10.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,380	1,500	1,875	8.5	7.1	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	3,295	1,395	1,900	8.3	6.6	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,685	1,255	1,425	6.8	5.9	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,295	1,245	1,045	5.8	5.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,895	1,130	765	4.8	5.3	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,010	1,365	645	5.1	6.4	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,840	1,130	705	4.6	5.3	3.8
$100,000 and over	3,385	2,425	960	8.5	11.4	5.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,090	1,470	625	5.3	6.9	3.4
$125,000 and over	1,290	960	335	3.2	4.5	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	60,495	29,105	31,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,760	27,670	30,090	95.5	95.1	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,200	32,400	38,400	45,200	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,780	27,675	30,110	95.5	95.1	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	30,200	34,800	40,400	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,765	25,050	25,720	83.9	86.1	81.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,800	28,000	34,000	40,800	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,100	21,370	18,735	66.3	73.4	59.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	31,400	34,000	37,600	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,040	24,620	27,420	86.0	84.6	87.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,100	6,000	8,900	8,100	6,000	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,570	2,770	2,800	9.2	9.5	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,500	5,560	5,920	6,500	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	60,495	29,135	31,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,805	27,595	30,210	95.6	94.7	96.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,320	55,200	40,160	47,320	55,200	40,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,820	27,595	30,225	95.6	94.7	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,440	46,200	35,160	40,440	46,200	35,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,770	24,910	25,850	83.9	85.5	82.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,200	52,700	36,000	44,200	52,700	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,040	21,305	18,740	66.2	73.1	59.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,440	48,360	37,880	43,440	48,360	37,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,085	24,545	27,540	86.1	84.2	87.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,470	8,580	10,260	9,470	8,580	10,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,435	2,860	2,575	9.0	9.8	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,410	7,580	7,230	7,410	7,580	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	60,490	29,140	31,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,125	9,220	7,900	28.3	31.6	25.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	74,500	52,400	62,400	74,500	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,900	77,800	58,550	68,900	77,800	58,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,255	6,695	7,560	23.6	23.0	24.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	25,200	20,400	22,200	25,200	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,280	35,200	25,960	30,280	35,200	25,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	86.2	76.6	82.0	86.2	76.6
Employment income (%)	63.6	67.6	58.5	63.6	67.6	58.5
Government transfers (%)	18.0	13.8	23.3	18.0	13.8	23.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	32,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	21,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	32,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600	...	...	89,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...	76,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,720	...	...	46,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,520	...	...	40,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	21,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,700	...	...	111,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...	95,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	585	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	860	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,540	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,525	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,270	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,370	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,465	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,460	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,715	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,445	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,230	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,970	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,710	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,025	...	...	33.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,595	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,585	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,940	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,910	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	590	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	895	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,645	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,705	...	...	5.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,495	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,660	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,620	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,580	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,120	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,865	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,525	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,100	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,815	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,550	...	...	26.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,630	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,225	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,695	...	...	8.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,870	6,495	7,375	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,000	32,800	35,200	38,000	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,800	31,000	32,800	34,800	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,900	...	...	111,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...	95,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...	84,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,200	...	...	149,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,200	...	...	125,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,900	...	...	72,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,845	6,515	7,330	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,120	46,800	41,720	44,120	46,800	41,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,440	40,240	36,840	38,440	40,240	36,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	70,735	34,460	36,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,305	6,410	5,895	17.4	18.6	16.3
0 to 5 years	3,735	1,985	1,750	5.3	5.8	4.8
18 to 64 years	41,475	20,225	21,240	58.6	58.7	58.6
65 years and over	16,960	7,825	9,135	24.0	22.7	25.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,295	3,615	4,675	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,650	855	790	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	565	280	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,660	2,170	2,485	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,985	580	1,405	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	10.5	12.9	11.7	10.5	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	13.4	13.4	13.4	13.4	13.4	13.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.2	14.0	16.4	15.2	14.0	16.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	10.8	11.7	11.2	10.8	11.7
65 years and over (%)	11.7	7.4	15.4	11.7	7.4	15.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	70,730	34,460	36,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,305	6,410	5,895	17.4	18.6	16.3
0 to 5 years	3,740	1,985	1,755	5.3	5.8	4.8
18 to 64 years	41,470	20,230	21,245	58.6	58.7	58.6
65 years and over	16,955	7,820	9,135	24.0	22.7	25.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,245	1,645	1,605	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	385	205	180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	120	65	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,610	1,365	1,250	...	...	...
65 years and over	245	75	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.8	4.4	4.6	4.8	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.7	5.9	6.3	6.7	5.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.0	1.9	1.5	1.0	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	70,735	34,465	36,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	36,965	17,320	19,640	52.3	50.3	54.1
In bottom decile	7,405	3,460	3,945	10.5	10.0	10.9
In second decile	7,945	3,405	4,540	11.2	9.9	12.5
In third decile	7,560	3,600	3,960	10.7	10.4	10.9
In fourth decile	7,085	3,440	3,645	10.0	10.0	10.0
In fifth decile	6,970	3,415	3,555	9.9	9.9	9.8
In top half of the distribution	33,770	17,140	16,630	47.7	49.7	45.8
In sixth decile	7,010	3,475	3,530	9.9	10.1	9.7
In seventh decile	7,225	3,625	3,600	10.2	10.5	9.9
In eighth decile	7,345	3,755	3,590	10.4	10.9	9.9
In ninth decile	7,070	3,620	3,450	10.0	10.5	9.5
In top decile	5,125	2,660	2,470	7.2	7.7	6.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	70,735	...	...	70,735	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...	0.452	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	71,235	34,640	36,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	64,300	31,705	32,590	90.3	91.5	89.0
French only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	6,605	2,805	3,800	9.3	8.1	10.4
Neither English nor French	300	120	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	71,235	34,640	36,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,920	33,605	35,315	96.8	97.0	96.5
French	1,910	865	1,045	2.7	2.5	2.9
English and French	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	260	100	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	71,235	34,640	36,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,825	33,960	35,865	98.0	98.0	98.0
Official languages	64,080	31,170	32,905	90.0	90.0	89.9
English	61,975	30,220	31,755	87.0	87.2	86.8
French	2,100	950	1,150	2.9	2.7	3.1
Non-official languages	5,745	2,790	2,955	8.1	8.1	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,690	2,775	2,915	8.0	8.0	8.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	95	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	185	110	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,445	2,175	2,275	6.2	6.3	6.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	475	215	255	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	450	205	240	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	180	75	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	450	195	255	0.6	0.6	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	335	140	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	320	135	185	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	610	335	275	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	550	305	245	0.8	0.9	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	100	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	125	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,885	1,410	1,470	4.0	4.1	4.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,480	1,205	1,280	3.5	3.5	3.5
Portuguese	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	235	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	460	200	260	0.6	0.6	0.7
Estonian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	385	170	210	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,415	680	735	2.0	2.0	2.0
English and French	575	280	295	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	755	355	400	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	71,235	34,640	36,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	65,145	31,875	33,275	91.5	92.0	90.9
French	300	135	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	1,005	470	535	1.4	1.4	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,005	470	535	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and French	1,220	490	730	1.7	1.4	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	3,355	1,575	1,780	4.7	4.5	4.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	71,235	34,640	36,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,425	34,255	36,175	98.9	98.9	98.8
Official languages	68,495	33,335	35,160	96.2	96.2	96.1
English	68,080	33,160	34,920	95.6	95.7	95.4
French	420	180	240	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official languages	1,935	915	1,015	2.7	2.6	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,930	915	1,015	2.7	2.6	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	125	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,355	615	745	1.9	1.8	2.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	400	215	185	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	360	195	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160	90	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	835	345	490	1.2	1.0	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	640	245	395	0.9	0.7	1.1
Portuguese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	810	385	420	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	225	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	560	275	285	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	71,235	34,640	36,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,145	32,810	34,335	94.3	94.7	93.8
English	880	415	470	1.2	1.2	1.3
French	910	360	550	1.3	1.0	1.5
Non-official language	1,965	910	1,055	2.8	2.6	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	125	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	1,840	865	975	2.6	2.5	2.7
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	70,735	34,465	36,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	70,420	34,335	36,085	99.6	99.6	99.5
English	70,370	34,315	36,060	99.5	99.6	99.4
French	6,590	2,775	3,820	9.3	8.1	10.5
Non-official languages	8,185	4,025	4,160	11.6	11.7	11.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	310	100	210	0.4	0.3	0.6
Algonquian languages	295	90	205	0.4	0.3	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	290	85	205	0.4	0.2	0.6
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	290	85	205	0.4	0.2	0.6
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	255	85	175	0.4	0.2	0.5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,900	3,930	3,965	11.2	11.4	10.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	140	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	200	140	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	190	135	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	160	55	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	225	150	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,150	3,045	3,105	8.7	8.8	8.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	580	290	290	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	550	285	260	0.8	0.8	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	215	85	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Russian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	140	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	650	280	375	0.9	0.8	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	505	220	280	0.7	0.6	0.8
German	495	220	275	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	960	600	360	1.4	1.7	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	845	535	315	1.2	1.6	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	95	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	505	310	195	0.7	0.9	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	365	240	125	0.5	0.7	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,970	1,905	2,070	5.6	5.5	5.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,300	1,560	1,740	4.7	4.5	4.8
Portuguese	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	595	285	310	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	150	95	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	215	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
Chinese languages	365	205	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	205	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	90	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	550	240	315	0.8	0.7	0.9
Estonian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	445	195	255	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hungarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	70,735	34,460	36,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	8,430	4,025	4,400	11.9	11.7	12.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,200	3,950	4,250	11.6	11.5	11.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,785	2,245	2,540	6.8	6.5	7.0
Métis	3,365	1,670	1,690	4.8	4.8	4.7
Inuk (Inuit)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	145	45	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	62,305	30,430	31,870	88.1	88.3	87.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	70,735	34,460	36,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,550	1,595	1,960	5.0	4.6	5.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	67,175	32,865	34,310	95.0	95.4	94.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	22,215	...	...	68.3	...	...
Renter	10,315	...	...	31.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	880	...	...	2.7	...	...
Not condominium	31,650	...	...	97.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,935	...	...	12.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,700	...	...	23.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,095	...	...	43.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,655	...	...	20.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,405	...	...	22.8	...	...
5 rooms	4,995	...	...	15.4	...	...
6 rooms	4,965	...	...	15.3	...	...
7 rooms	4,430	...	...	13.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,735	...	...	33.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	32,395	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,630	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	900	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,130	...	...	34.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,350	...	...	41.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,405	...	...	10.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,195	...	...	6.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	605	...	...	1.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	765	...	...	2.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	595	...	...	1.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	480	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,210	...	...	92.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,320	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,575	...	...	57.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,035	...	...	40.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	920	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	930	...	...	2.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,960	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,505	...	...	13.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,845	...	...	14.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,745	...	...	20.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,175	...	...	19.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,790	...	...	11.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,585	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,195	...	...	83.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,215	...	...	16.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,950	...	...	15.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	32,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,635	...	...	23.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,555	...	...	14.0	...	...
Not suitable only	645	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,670	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	515	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,895	...	...	76.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	32,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,225	...	...	6.9	...	...
Not in core need	29,920	...	...	93.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,195	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.1	...	...	54.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,082	...	...	1,082	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	282,800	...	...	282,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,320	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.0	...	...	22.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.2	...	...	34.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.9	...	...	15.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	70,735	34,460	36,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,250	1,535	1,715	4.6	4.5	4.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,150	1,500	1,655	4.5	4.4	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,505	1,155	1,355	3.5	3.4	3.7
Métis single ancestry	620	335	290	0.9	1.0	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,295	2,990	3,300	8.9	8.7	9.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,155	2,890	3,265	8.7	8.4	9.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,115	1,950	2,165	5.8	5.7	6.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,025	930	1,095	2.9	2.7	3.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	140	100	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	95	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	61,190	29,935	31,255	86.5	86.9	86.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	70,735	34,460	36,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	68,640	33,335	35,300	97.0	96.7	97.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,010	6,205	5,805	17.0	18.0	16.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	56,625	27,125	29,495	80.1	78.7	81.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,095	1,125	970	3.0	3.3	2.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	70,735	34,460	36,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	63,820	31,020	32,800	90.2	90.0	90.4
Immigrants⁸¹	5,990	2,845	3,150	8.5	8.3	8.7
Before 1980	3,930	1,830	2,100	5.6	5.3	5.8
1980 to 1990	325	140	180	0.5	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	320	135	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
2001 to 2010	500	270	230	0.7	0.8	0.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	910	465	450	1.3	1.3	1.2
2011 to 2015	320	170	155	0.5	0.5	0.4
2016 to 2021	590	295	295	0.8	0.9	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	925	600	320	1.3	1.7	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,995	2,840	3,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	930	480	450	15.5	16.9	14.3
5 to 14 years	1,410	705	710	23.5	24.8	22.5
15 to 24 years	1,595	780	820	26.6	27.5	26.0
25 to 44 years	1,800	780	1,025	30.0	27.5	32.5
45 years and over	250	100	155	4.2	3.5	4.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,995	2,840	3,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	915	365	555	15.3	12.9	17.6
Brazil	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Colombia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	20	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Mexico	30	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
United States of America	580	185	395	9.7	6.5	12.5
Other places of birth in Americas	220	120	105	3.7	4.2	3.3
Europe	3,905	1,870	2,035	65.1	65.8	64.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Croatia	65	40	25	1.1	1.4	0.8
France	45	15	25	0.8	0.5	0.8
Germany	345	155	195	5.8	5.5	6.2
Greece	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hungary	45	15	25	0.8	0.5	0.8
Italy	1,830	895	940	30.5	31.5	29.8
Netherlands	70	30	45	1.2	1.1	1.4
Poland	100	35	70	1.7	1.2	2.2
Portugal	75	30	40	1.3	1.1	1.3
Romania	55	35	15	0.9	1.2	0.5
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	715	355	365	11.9	12.5	11.6
Other places of birth in Europe	495	240	255	8.3	8.5	8.1
Africa	210	125	90	3.5	4.4	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	45	30	15	0.8	1.1	0.5
Somalia	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	125	75	50	2.1	2.6	1.6
Asia	945	470	470	15.8	16.5	14.9
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	10	0.6	0.7	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	115	85	30	1.9	3.0	1.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	170	85	90	2.8	3.0	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	35	0.8	0.5	1.1
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Philippines	65	15	50	1.1	0.5	1.6
Viet Nam	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	300	160	140	5.0	5.6	4.4
Pakistan	25	15	15	0.4	0.5	0.5
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	40	45	1.4	1.4	1.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	590	290	295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	130	55	75	22.0	19.0	25.4
Brazil	15	10	0	2.5	3.4	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	10	10	2.5	3.4	3.4
United States of America	55	0	45	9.3	0.0	15.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	20	8.5	8.6	6.8
Europe	45	25	20	7.6	8.6	6.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	0	4.2	6.9	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.4
Africa	110	50	60	18.6	17.2	20.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	20	20	6.8	6.9	6.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	35	8.5	6.9	11.9
Asia	310	165	140	52.5	56.9	47.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	2.5	3.4	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	110	50	60	18.6	17.2	20.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	0	2.5	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	115	80	30	19.5	27.6	10.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	2.5	0.0	5.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	70,735	34,465	36,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,445	3,720	3,730	10.5	10.8	10.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,840	5,280	5,560	15.3	15.3	15.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	52,450	25,465	26,985	74.1	73.9	74.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,060	1,010	1,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	855	450	405	41.5	44.6	38.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	365	280	85	17.7	27.7	8.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	490	170	320	23.8	16.8	30.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	880	350	525	42.7	34.7	50.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	305	195	110	14.8	19.3	10.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	15	10	1.0	1.5	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,060	1,010	1,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	30	0	1.7	3.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	290	160	130	14.1	15.8	12.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	20	60	3.9	2.0	5.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	140	80	55	6.8	7.9	5.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	10	25	1.7	1.0	2.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,475	710	770	71.6	70.3	73.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	70,735	34,460	36,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,215	1,810	1,400	4.5	5.3	3.9
South Asian	1,135	715	420	1.6	2.1	1.2
Chinese	450	230	215	0.6	0.7	0.6
Black	635	345	290	0.9	1.0	0.8
Filipino	185	70	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab	140	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Latin American	215	140	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Southeast Asian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	55	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	85	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	67,520	32,650	34,870	95.5	94.7	96.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	70,730	34,460	36,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,405	4,600	4,805	13.3	13.3	13.2
English	17,825	8,535	9,285	25.2	24.8	25.6
Irish	15,160	6,990	8,175	21.4	20.3	22.5
Scottish	15,005	7,180	7,825	21.2	20.8	21.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,210	6,625	7,580	20.1	19.2	20.9
German	6,885	3,325	3,560	9.7	9.6	9.8
Chinese	445	235	210	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italian	14,560	7,315	7,245	20.6	21.2	20.0
Indian (India)	830	545	285	1.2	1.6	0.8
Ukrainian	3,520	1,670	1,850	5.0	4.8	5.1
Dutch	1,640	825	820	2.3	2.4	2.3
Polish	2,650	1,340	1,310	3.7	3.9	3.6
Québécois	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,110	995	1,115	3.0	2.9	3.1
Filipino	195	70	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
French Canadian	1,590	755	835	2.2	2.2	2.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,355	705	650	1.9	2.0	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,200	1,520	1,680	4.5	4.4	4.6
Métis	2,855	1,390	1,465	4.0	4.0	4.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	860	410	455	1.2	1.2	1.3
Russian	455	205	250	0.6	0.6	0.7
Norwegian	615	295	320	0.9	0.9	0.9
Welsh	1,205	545	660	1.7	1.6	1.8
Portuguese	345	180	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	845	420	425	1.2	1.2	1.2
Spanish	245	105	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Swedish	1,100	530	580	1.6	1.5	1.6
Hungarian	345	150	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
Acadian	75	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	115	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Greek	220	95	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	345	140	205	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korean	120	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	260	145	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Lebanese	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	420	205	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,355	655	705	1.9	1.9	1.9
Sikh	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	505	275	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
Belgian	225	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	100	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexican	105	55	55	0.1	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	3,435	1,665	1,770	4.9	4.8	4.9
Sri Lankan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	835	430	400	1.2	1.2	1.1
Japanese	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	195	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	180	85	90	0.3	0.2	0.2
Syrian	150	90	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	1,350	625	725	1.9	1.8	2.0
Newfoundlander	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	405	215	190	0.6	0.6	0.5
Persian	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	195	75	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	125	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	305	195	110	0.4	0.6	0.3
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	125	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	115	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	115	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Argentinian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	245	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kurdish	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	215	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	70,735	34,460	36,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	110	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	41,645	19,145	22,500	58.9	55.6	62.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,645	1,735	1,915	5.2	5.0	5.3
Anabaptist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	3,290	1,440	1,845	4.7	4.2	5.1
Baptist	1,035	460	575	1.5	1.3	1.6
Catholic	23,530	11,110	12,415	33.3	32.2	34.2
Christian Orthodox	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	530	230	300	0.7	0.7	0.8
Latter Day Saints	195	75	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	1,120	555	565	1.6	1.6	1.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	220	85	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	540	215	325	0.8	0.6	0.9
Presbyterian	830	365	470	1.2	1.1	1.3
Reformed	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	4,225	1,785	2,440	6.0	5.2	6.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,310	1,015	1,295	3.3	2.9	3.6
Hindu	510	335	175	0.7	1.0	0.5
Jewish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	310	185	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sikh	270	180	90	0.4	0.5	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	235	85	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	425	195	235	0.6	0.6	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	27,185	14,270	12,915	38.4	41.4	35.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	70,160	34,210	35,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,445	30,345	32,105	89.0	88.7	89.3
Movers	7,715	3,870	3,845	11.0	11.3	10.7
Non-migrants	5,655	2,830	2,825	8.1	8.3	7.9
Migrants	2,060	1,040	1,025	2.9	3.0	2.9
Internal migrants	1,690	835	850	2.4	2.4	2.4
Intraprovincial migrants	1,415	705	710	2.0	2.1	2.0
Interprovincial migrants	270	135	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	370	200	175	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	67,720	32,955	34,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	44,880	21,670	23,210	66.3	65.8	66.8
Movers	22,845	11,280	11,560	33.7	34.2	33.2
Non-migrants	15,250	7,355	7,895	22.5	22.3	22.7
Migrants	7,595	3,925	3,665	11.2	11.9	10.5
Internal migrants	6,170	3,060	3,110	9.1	9.3	8.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,340	2,650	2,690	7.9	8.0	7.7
Interprovincial migrants	830	410	420	1.2	1.2	1.2
External migrants	1,425	865	560	2.1	2.6	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,490	29,135	31,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,790	5,400	5,390	17.8	18.5	17.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,700	23,735	25,965	82.2	81.5	82.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,990	17,335	18,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,430	1,815	1,615	9.5	10.5	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,565	15,525	17,035	90.5	89.6	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,495	29,140	31,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,640	4,640	5,000	15.9	15.9	15.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,570	8,900	9,665	30.7	30.5	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,285	15,595	16,690	53.4	53.5	53.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,445	10,435	10,015	33.8	35.8	31.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,115	3,195	920	6.8	11.0	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,845	1,240	615	3.0	4.3	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,265	1,960	305	3.7	6.7	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,330	6,800	8,530	25.3	23.3	27.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,000	435	565	1.7	1.5	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,840	5,160	6,675	19.6	17.7	21.3
Bachelor's degree	8,660	3,640	5,020	14.3	12.5	16.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	890	380	505	1.5	1.3	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	220	120	0.6	0.8	0.4
Master's degree	1,630	735	895	2.7	2.5	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	320	190	130	0.5	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,990	17,330	18,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,015	1,620	1,395	8.4	9.3	7.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,055	5,205	4,850	27.9	30.0	26.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,915	10,510	12,410	63.7	60.6	66.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,065	6,860	7,205	39.1	39.6	38.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,275	1,725	545	6.3	10.0	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,060	705	360	2.9	4.1	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,215	1,025	190	3.4	5.9	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,145	4,855	6,290	31.0	28.0	33.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	650	280	365	1.8	1.6	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,855	3,645	5,205	24.6	21.0	27.9
Bachelor's degree	6,455	2,575	3,885	17.9	14.9	20.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	625	255	365	1.7	1.5	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	270	155	115	0.8	0.9	0.6
Master's degree	1,245	525	720	3.5	3.0	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	260	135	120	0.7	0.8	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,495	29,140	31,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,210	13,545	14,660	46.6	46.5	46.8
Education	2,185	595	1,580	3.6	2.0	5.0
13. Education	2,185	595	1,580	3.6	2.0	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	785	380	410	1.3	1.3	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	715	315	400	1.2	1.1	1.3
Humanities	1,175	455	720	1.9	1.6	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	325	70	255	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	295	100	200	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	80	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	205	115	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,605	1,025	2,580	6.0	3.5	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	95	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	865	55	810	1.4	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	420	140	280	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	965	195	770	1.6	0.7	2.5
45. Social sciences	1,050	525	520	1.7	1.8	1.7
Business, management and public administration	5,495	1,765	3,735	9.1	6.1	11.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	820	130	690	1.4	0.4	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,665	1,635	3,035	7.7	5.6	9.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	955	475	480	1.6	1.6	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	540	265	280	0.9	0.9	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	175	110	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,145	750	395	1.9	2.6	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	890	620	270	1.5	2.1	0.9
25. Library science	65	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,040	6,720	320	11.6	23.1	1.0
04. Architecture and related services	110	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	705	660	45	1.2	2.3	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,005	1,860	150	3.3	6.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,475	1,445	30	2.4	5.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,775	1,730	45	2.9	5.9	0.1
48. Precision production	975	955	15	1.6	3.3	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,000	730	275	1.7	2.5	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255	125	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	750	600	150	1.2	2.1	0.5
Health and related fields	6,090	1,135	4,955	10.1	3.9	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	420	250	170	0.7	0.9	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,545	805	4,735	9.2	2.8	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,805	1,575	1,230	4.6	5.4	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,205	315	885	2.0	1.1	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,100	785	315	1.8	2.7	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	480	460	25	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,990	17,335	18,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,075	6,825	6,245	36.3	39.4	33.5
Education	1,365	345	1,020	3.8	2.0	5.5
13. Education	1,365	345	1,020	3.8	2.0	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	585	255	335	1.6	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	550	230	325	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	760	270	490	2.1	1.6	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	230	60	170	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	180	55	125	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	130	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,700	695	2,005	7.5	4.0	10.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180	80	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	660	45	610	1.8	0.3	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	310	85	230	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	715	130	585	2.0	0.7	3.1
45. Social sciences	765	350	415	2.1	2.0	2.2
Business, management and public administration	4,205	1,320	2,890	11.7	7.6	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	675	100	580	1.9	0.6	3.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,520	1,215	2,305	9.8	7.0	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	705	310	395	2.0	1.8	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	415	180	235	1.2	1.0	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	50	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	120	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	855	595	260	2.4	3.4	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	710	525	185	2.0	3.0	1.0
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,465	4,215	250	12.4	24.3	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	95	65	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	495	450	45	1.4	2.6	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,360	1,255	105	3.8	7.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	925	905	25	2.6	5.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,035	995	35	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	555	550	15	1.5	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	735	490	245	2.0	2.8	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	200	95	110	0.6	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	535	400	130	1.5	2.3	0.7
Health and related fields	4,395	870	3,515	12.2	5.0	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	205	125	0.9	1.2	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,975	625	3,355	11.0	3.6	18.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,140	1,145	1,000	5.9	6.6	5.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	915	205	715	2.5	1.2	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	885	615	270	2.5	3.5	1.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	335	320	10	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	35,990	17,335	18,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,075	6,825	6,245	36.3	39.4	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	22,920	10,510	12,410	63.7	60.6	66.5
Location of study inside Canada	20,445	9,285	11,170	56.8	53.6	59.9
Same as province or territory of residence	19,580	8,900	10,685	54.4	51.3	57.3
Different than province or territory of residence	870	385	485	2.4	2.2	2.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,470	1,225	1,240	6.9	7.1	6.6
Americas	1,660	785	875	4.6	4.5	4.7
United States of America	1,555	730	820	4.3	4.2	4.4
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	195	140	60	0.5	0.8	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	85	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Africa	55	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	525	255	275	1.5	1.5	1.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	95	30	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	335	190	145	0.9	1.1	0.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	60,495	29,140	31,355	...	...	...
In the labour force	33,210	16,950	16,260	...	...	...
Employed	28,895	14,775	14,120	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,315	2,175	2,140	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,275	12,185	15,090	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.9	58.2	51.9	54.9	58.2	51.9
Employment rate	47.8	50.7	45.0	47.8	50.7	45.0
Unemployment rate	13.0	12.8	13.2	13.0	12.8	13.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	60,495	29,140	31,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,860	11,970	14,890	44.4	41.1	47.5
Worked	33,630	17,170	16,465	55.6	58.9	52.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	17,790	9,640	8,150	29.4	33.1	26.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,845	7,530	8,315	26.2	25.8	26.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.6	41.0	41.3	41.6	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	33,215	16,950	16,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	860	450	410	2.6	2.7	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	32,355	16,505	15,855	97.4	97.4	97.5
Employee	29,685	15,005	14,680	89.4	88.5	90.3
Permanent position	25,010	12,630	12,380	75.3	74.5	76.1
Temporary position	4,675	2,370	2,300	14.1	14.0	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,350	620	735	4.1	3.7	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,320	1,755	1,570	10.0	10.4	9.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,675	1,500	1,175	8.1	8.8	7.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	33,215	16,950	16,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	860	450	410	2.6	2.7	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	32,355	16,505	15,855	97.4	97.4	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	180	125	55	0.5	0.7	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,415	1,275	3,140	13.3	7.5	19.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,860	1,530	335	5.6	9.0	2.1
3 Health occupations	3,560	585	2,975	10.7	3.5	18.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,700	1,565	3,140	14.2	9.2	19.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	650	265	380	2.0	1.6	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	9,080	3,920	5,165	27.3	23.1	31.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,680	5,275	400	17.1	31.1	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	530	445	90	1.6	2.6	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,705	1,520	180	5.1	9.0	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	33,215	16,950	16,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	860	450	410	2.6	2.7	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	32,355	16,505	15,855	97.4	97.4	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	335	220	115	1.0	1.3	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	260	245	15	0.8	1.4	0.1
22 Utilities	290	225	65	0.9	1.3	0.4
23 Construction	2,140	1,925	210	6.4	11.4	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	3,315	2,890	420	10.0	17.1	2.6
41 Wholesale trade	540	425	120	1.6	2.5	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	4,580	2,250	2,330	13.8	13.3	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,115	815	300	3.4	4.8	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	330	210	125	1.0	1.2	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	850	270	580	2.6	1.6	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	445	240	205	1.3	1.4	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,330	695	635	4.0	4.1	3.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,400	935	460	4.2	5.5	2.8
61 Educational services	2,805	920	1,890	8.4	5.4	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	5,835	1,010	4,825	17.6	6.0	29.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,030	470	560	3.1	2.8	3.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,310	905	1,415	7.0	5.3	8.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,355	695	660	4.1	4.1	4.1
91 Public administration	2,050	1,155	900	6.2	6.8	5.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	36,220	18,520	17,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,120	18,120	17,000	97.0	97.8	96.0
French	115	20	90	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official language	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	700	235	465	1.9	1.3	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	255	120	135	0.7	0.6	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	36,220	18,520	17,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,120	18,485	17,635	99.7	99.8	99.6
Official languages	36,090	18,465	17,625	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	35,875	18,415	17,460	99.0	99.4	98.6
French	215	50	160	0.6	0.3	0.9
Non-official languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	95	35	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	36,220	18,520	17,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	35,330	18,180	17,155	97.5	98.2	96.9
English	120	30	85	0.3	0.2	0.5
French	540	200	340	1.5	1.1	1.9
Non-official language	210	100	115	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	60	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	155	90	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	28,895	14,775	14,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,785	1,965	2,825	16.6	13.3	20.0
Worked outside Canada	130	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
No fixed workplace address	2,745	2,065	680	9.5	14.0	4.8
Usual place of work	21,235	10,690	10,550	73.5	72.4	74.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,235	10,690	10,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,370	10,120	10,255	95.9	94.7	97.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	600	400	200	2.8	3.7	1.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	195	130	65	0.9	1.2	0.6
Commute to a different province or territory	60	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	23,980	12,750	11,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	21,745	11,555	10,190	90.7	90.6	90.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,045	10,855	9,195	83.6	85.1	81.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,700	705	995	7.1	5.5	8.9
Public transit	690	310	375	2.9	2.4	3.3
Walked	990	530	460	4.1	4.2	4.1
Bicycle	230	190	40	1.0	1.5	0.4
Other method	330	160	165	1.4	1.3	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	23,980	12,750	11,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,710	7,995	7,715	65.5	62.7	68.7
15 to 29 minutes	6,655	3,710	2,950	27.8	29.1	26.3
30 to 44 minutes	940	580	360	3.9	4.5	3.2
45 to 59 minutes	250	140	105	1.0	1.1	0.9
60 minutes and over	420	325	95	1.8	2.5	0.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	23,980	12,750	11,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,785	1,450	340	7.4	11.4	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,945	2,450	1,500	16.5	19.2	13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,705	3,120	2,585	23.8	24.5	23.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,115	2,490	3,625	25.5	19.5	32.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,795	1,195	1,600	11.7	9.4	14.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,625	2,045	1,580	15.1	16.0	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,535	6,525	6,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,695	850	845	13.5	13.0	14.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,835	5,675	5,165	86.4	87.0	86.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,245	4,795	4,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,265	630	635	13.7	13.1	14.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	720	355	365	7.8	7.4	8.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	545	270	270	5.9	5.6	6.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,980	4,170	3,810	86.3	87.0	85.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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