Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mission, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	41,519	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	38,554^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	14,701	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,098	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	182.9	...	...	182.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	226.98	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	41,515	21,165	20,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,810	4,090	3,715	18.8	19.3	18.3
0 to 4 years	2,380	1,235	1,145	5.7	5.8	5.6
5 to 9 years	2,765	1,435	1,325	6.7	6.8	6.5
10 to 14 years	2,665	1,420	1,240	6.4	6.7	6.1
15 to 64 years	27,210	13,940	13,270	65.5	65.9	65.2
15 to 19 years	2,480	1,370	1,110	6.0	6.5	5.5
20 to 24 years	2,115	1,125	990	5.1	5.3	4.9
25 to 29 years	2,260	1,135	1,125	5.4	5.4	5.5
30 to 34 years	2,880	1,455	1,430	6.9	6.9	7.0
35 to 39 years	3,160	1,580	1,585	7.6	7.5	7.8
40 to 44 years	2,815	1,465	1,350	6.8	6.9	6.6
45 to 49 years	2,730	1,425	1,305	6.6	6.7	6.4
50 to 54 years	2,720	1,380	1,340	6.6	6.5	6.6
55 to 59 years	3,140	1,590	1,545	7.6	7.5	7.6
60 to 64 years	2,915	1,420	1,490	7.0	6.7	7.3
65 years and over	6,495	3,125	3,370	15.6	14.8	16.6
65 to 69 years	2,300	1,135	1,160	5.5	5.4	5.7
70 to 74 years	1,800	885	915	4.3	4.2	4.5
75 to 79 years	1,120	535	580	2.7	2.5	2.8
80 to 84 years	690	315	370	1.7	1.5	1.8
85 years and over	590	250	340	1.4	1.2	1.7
85 to 89 years	385	175	210	0.9	0.8	1.0
90 to 94 years	165	65	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.3	18.3	18.8	19.3	18.3
15 to 64 years	65.5	65.9	65.2	65.5	65.9	65.2
65 years and over	15.6	14.8	16.6	15.6	14.8	16.6
85 years and over	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
Average age of the population	40.0	39.3	40.7	40.0	39.3	40.7
Median age of the population	40.0	39.6	40.8	40.0	39.6	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	9,120	...	...	64.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	275	...	...	2.0	...	...
Row house	795	...	...	5.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,640	...	...	18.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,125	...	...	8.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	50	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,860	...	...	20.3	...	...
2 persons	4,405	...	...	31.3	...	...
3 persons	2,345	...	...	16.6	...	...
4 persons	2,290	...	...	16.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,190	...	...	15.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	40,630	20,525	20,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	33,705	17,070	16,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	19,735	9,885	9,855	58.6	57.9	59.2
Married	15,975	8,005	7,965	47.4	46.9	47.9
Living common-law	3,765	1,875	1,890	11.2	11.0	11.4
Living common law - Never married	2,635	1,335	1,300	7.8	7.8	7.8
Living common law - Separated	245	125	120	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	810	395	420	2.4	2.3	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	75	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	13,965	7,185	6,780	41.4	42.1	40.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,100	5,355	3,740	27.0	31.4	22.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	970	435	540	2.9	2.5	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,300	980	1,325	6.8	5.7	8.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,600	415	1,185	4.7	2.4	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,580	...	...	47.8	...	...
3 persons	2,530	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 persons	2,425	...	...	20.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,130	...	...	9.7	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,600	...	...	82.3	...	...
Married couples	7,715	...	...	66.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,385	...	...	37.6	...	...
Without children	3,335	...	...	28.6	...	...
Common-law couples	1,880	...	...	16.1	...	...
With children⁶	885	...	...	7.6	...	...
Without children	1,000	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,070	...	...	17.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,530	...	...	13.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	540	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	40,630	20,520	20,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	34,540	17,435	17,105	85.0	85.0	85.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	19,200	9,580	9,620	47.3	46.7	47.8
Parents in one-parent families	2,070	535	1,535	5.1	2.6	7.6
Children⁶	13,270	7,315	5,955	32.7	35.6	29.6
In a two-parent family	10,065	5,495	4,565	24.8	26.8	22.7
In a one-parent family	3,210	1,820	1,385	7.9	8.9	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,090	3,090	3,000	15.0	15.1	14.9
Living alone	2,860	1,460	1,405	7.0	7.1	7.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,495	655	840	3.7	3.2	4.2
Living with non-relatives only	1,740	980	760	4.3	4.8	3.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,425	...	...	59.8	...	...
Couple-family households	7,130	...	...	50.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,920	...	...	27.8	...	...
Without children	3,210	...	...	22.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,300	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,110	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	265	...	...	1.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	885	...	...	6.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	550	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	2,860	...	...	20.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	32,830	16,430	16,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,650	15,820	15,830	96.4	96.3	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	50,800	34,400	40,400	50,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,685	15,840	15,850	96.5	96.4	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,200	32,000	37,200	45,200	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,605	14,235	13,370	84.1	86.6	81.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	49,200	26,600	36,400	49,200	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,125	12,180	10,945	70.4	74.1	66.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	52,800	30,000	40,000	52,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,180	12,185	13,990	79.7	74.2	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,200	11,300	10,000	8,200	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,200	1,385	1,825	9.7	8.4	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,840	5,640	5,480	4,840	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,185	3,830	4,355	24.9	23.3	26.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	32,825	16,580	16,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,705	16,005	15,695	96.6	96.5	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	59,050	40,760	50,000	59,050	40,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,735	16,020	15,715	96.7	96.6	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	49,520	36,320	43,000	49,520	36,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,640	14,355	13,285	84.2	86.6	81.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,600	57,150	35,200	46,600	57,150	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,125	12,310	10,815	70.4	74.2	66.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,840	57,550	36,720	47,840	57,550	36,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,140	12,315	13,825	79.6	74.3	85.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,340	10,090	12,450	11,340	10,090	12,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,250	1,330	1,920	9.9	8.0	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,185	5,380	6,750	6,185	5,380	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,000	3,760	4,235	24.4	22.7	26.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,820	8,460	9,150	8,820	8,460	9,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	32,825	16,580	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,440	6,935	4,505	34.9	41.8	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	71,500	52,000	62,800	71,500	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,800	76,600	56,650	68,800	76,600	56,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,755	3,915	4,845	26.7	23.6	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	24,200	15,800	19,000	24,200	15,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	35,120	22,980	28,400	35,120	22,980
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.2	86.8	73.0	81.2	86.8	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.8	75.0	62.1	69.8	75.0	62.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.7	13.2	26.9	18.7	13.2	26.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	2.0	1.3	0.8	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	4.2	7.9	5.7	4.2	7.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.4	6.1	4.5	3.4	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	32,825	16,435	16,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,180	615	565	3.6	3.7	3.4
With total income	31,650	15,815	15,830	96.4	96.2	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,925	1,200	1,725	9.2	7.6	10.9
$10,000 to $19,999	3,935	1,615	2,320	12.4	10.2	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	4,765	1,945	2,820	15.1	12.3	17.8
$30,000 to $39,999	3,955	1,585	2,365	12.5	10.0	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	3,315	1,435	1,875	10.5	9.1	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,900	1,395	1,500	9.2	8.8	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,435	1,440	1,000	7.7	9.1	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,905	1,205	700	6.0	7.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,515	1,015	510	4.8	6.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,095	750	345	3.5	4.7	2.2
$100,000 and over	2,905	2,230	675	9.2	14.1	4.3
$100,000 to $149,999	2,235	1,680	555	7.1	10.6	3.5
$150,000 and over	665	545	125	2.1	3.4	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	32,825	16,435	16,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,140	595	545	3.5	3.6	3.3
With after-tax income	31,685	15,835	15,850	96.5	96.3	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,050	1,250	1,800	9.6	7.9	11.4
$10,000 to $19,999	4,025	1,660	2,370	12.7	10.5	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	5,370	2,195	3,180	16.9	13.9	20.1
$30,000 to $39,999	4,505	1,860	2,645	14.2	11.7	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	3,905	1,825	2,080	12.3	11.5	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,355	1,900	1,455	10.6	12.0	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,420	1,525	890	7.6	9.6	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,785	1,180	600	5.6	7.5	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,175	830	350	3.7	5.2	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	770	585	185	2.4	3.7	1.2
$100,000 and over	1,320	1,025	290	4.2	6.5	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	825	630	195	2.6	4.0	1.2
$125,000 and over	500	400	95	1.6	2.5	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	32,825	16,435	16,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	9,700	4,250	5,450	29.6	25.9	33.2
With employment income	23,125	12,180	10,940	70.4	74.1	66.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,025	1,305	1,720	13.1	10.7	15.7
$5,000 to $9,999	1,685	685	995	7.3	5.6	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	2,575	1,050	1,525	11.1	8.6	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	2,175	940	1,235	9.4	7.7	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,120	915	1,205	9.2	7.5	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,955	880	1,075	8.5	7.2	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,980	1,050	935	8.6	8.6	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,755	1,080	680	7.6	8.9	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,410	930	485	6.1	7.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,235	875	355	5.3	7.2	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	910	650	260	3.9	5.3	2.4
$100,000 and over	2,300	1,825	475	9.9	15.0	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,265	970	290	5.5	8.0	2.7
$125,000 and over	1,040	860	180	4.5	7.1	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	32,830	16,430	16,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,765	15,355	15,415	93.7	93.5	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	50,400	30,800	38,800	50,400	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,855	15,370	15,485	94.0	93.5	94.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,000	28,400	34,800	44,000	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,335	14,045	13,290	83.3	85.5	81.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	50,400	28,000	37,600	50,400	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,635	12,365	11,270	72.0	75.3	68.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	52,400	29,600	39,200	52,400	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,860	8,770	12,095	63.5	53.4	73.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	6,240	7,850	7,400	6,240	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,615	1,090	1,530	8.0	6.6	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,840	6,160	5,520	4,840	6,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	32,825	16,580	16,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,735	15,425	15,310	93.6	93.0	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,480	57,550	37,280	47,480	57,550	37,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,830	15,450	15,380	93.9	93.2	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,240	47,680	32,800	40,240	47,680	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,255	14,080	13,175	83.0	84.9	81.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	57,650	34,760	46,600	57,650	34,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,585	12,435	11,150	71.9	75.0	68.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,880	57,650	34,880	46,880	57,650	34,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,600	8,655	11,945	62.8	52.2	73.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,190	8,820	9,460	9,190	8,820	9,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,595	1,065	1,530	7.9	6.4	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,070	5,470	8,170	7,070	5,470	8,170
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	32,825	16,580	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,350	6,880	4,470	34.6	41.5	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	69,500	48,400	59,600	69,500	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,000	73,600	51,650	65,000	73,600	51,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,230	3,625	4,600	25.1	21.9	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	31,800	19,200	23,600	31,800	19,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,160	44,000	26,400	34,160	44,000	26,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.0	91.4	80.2	87.0	91.4	80.2
Employment income (%)	75.8	80.8	68.2	75.8	80.8	68.2
Government transfers (%)	13.0	8.6	19.8	13.0	8.6	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.7	2.2	1.3	0.7	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...	112,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...	96,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,250	...	...	52,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,880	...	...	43,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,700	...	...	127,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,200	...	...	110,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	100	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	265	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	485	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	330	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	360	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	425	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	455	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	400	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	840	...	...	6.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	855	...	...	6.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	860	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	860	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	805	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,900	...	...	49.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,825	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,550	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,970	...	...	14.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,560	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	110	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	270	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	495	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	385	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	420	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	445	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	525	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	490	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,015	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,015	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,050	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	975	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	920	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,810	...	...	41.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,035	...	...	14.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,480	...	...	10.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,300	...	...	16.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,600	2,435	2,160	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	40,800	33,600	36,400	40,800	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,800	32,000	34,000	36,800	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,100	...	...	125,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...	107,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,600	...	...	88,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,900	...	...	70,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,600	2,455	2,140	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,200	53,950	41,640	48,200	53,950	41,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,240	44,720	37,240	41,240	44,720	37,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	40,630	20,525	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,355	4,920	4,435	23.0	24.0	22.1
0 to 5 years	2,950	1,560	1,390	7.3	7.6	6.9
18 to 64 years	25,115	12,630	12,485	61.8	61.5	62.1
65 years and over	6,160	2,970	3,185	15.2	14.5	15.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,335	1,595	1,735	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	915	485	435	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	265	145	120	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,665	815	850	...	...	...
65 years and over	750	300	455	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.2	7.8	8.6	8.2	7.8	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	9.8	9.8	9.7	9.8	9.8	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	9.4	8.6	9.0	9.4	8.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	6.5	6.8	6.6	6.5	6.8
65 years and over (%)	12.2	10.0	14.3	12.2	10.0	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	40,630	20,520	20,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,355	4,920	4,440	23.0	24.0	22.1
0 to 5 years	2,950	1,555	1,395	7.3	7.6	6.9
18 to 64 years	25,115	12,630	12,480	61.8	61.5	62.1
65 years and over	6,165	2,975	3,190	15.2	14.5	15.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,295	680	610	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	345	190	160	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	50	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	820	440	380	...	...	...
65 years and over	125	50	75	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.1
65 years and over (%)	2.1	1.8	2.3	2.1	1.8	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	40,630	20,525	20,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	17,840	8,700	9,145	43.9	42.4	45.5
In bottom decile	3,445	1,660	1,780	8.5	8.1	8.9
In second decile	3,060	1,460	1,600	7.5	7.1	8.0
In third decile	3,400	1,640	1,760	8.4	8.0	8.8
In fourth decile	3,915	1,920	1,995	9.6	9.4	9.9
In fifth decile	4,025	2,025	2,005	9.9	9.9	10.0
In top half of the distribution	22,790	11,825	10,965	56.1	57.6	54.5
In sixth decile	4,735	2,415	2,315	11.7	11.8	11.5
In seventh decile	4,665	2,425	2,235	11.5	11.8	11.1
In eighth decile	4,920	2,565	2,360	12.1	12.5	11.7
In ninth decile	5,015	2,585	2,435	12.3	12.6	12.1
In top decile	3,460	1,840	1,620	8.5	9.0	8.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	40,630	...	...	40,630	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.386	...	...	0.386	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...	0.256	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	41,030	20,710	20,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	38,070	19,420	18,650	92.8	93.8	91.8
French only	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,060	900	1,160	5.0	4.3	5.7
Neither English nor French	885	390	495	2.2	1.9	2.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	41,030	20,710	20,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	39,755	20,125	19,635	96.9	97.2	96.7
French	330	170	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	875	385	485	2.1	1.9	2.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	41,030	20,710	20,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	40,160	20,305	19,860	97.9	98.0	97.8
Official languages	34,055	17,365	16,690	83.0	83.8	82.2
English	33,695	17,180	16,515	82.1	83.0	81.3
French	360	190	175	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official languages	6,105	2,935	3,170	14.9	14.2	15.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,095	2,935	3,160	14.9	14.2	15.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	60	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	75	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	250	85	165	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	75	140	0.5	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,935	2,415	2,525	12.0	11.7	12.4
Albanian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	465	205	260	1.1	1.0	1.3
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	455	200	255	1.1	1.0	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	150	60	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	610	285	325	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	360	170	190	0.9	0.8	0.9
German	345	165	180	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	195	90	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	150	65	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,190	1,610	1,580	7.8	7.8	7.8
Indo-Aryan languages	3,110	1,570	1,540	7.6	7.6	7.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,925	1,475	1,445	7.1	7.1	7.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	590	265	325	1.4	1.3	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	165	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	285	125	160	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	85	135	0.5	0.4	0.7
Chinese languages	210	80	130	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	115	35	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	865	410	460	2.1	2.0	2.3
English and French	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	680	315	360	1.7	1.5	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	41,030	20,710	20,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	34,585	17,580	17,000	84.3	84.9	83.7
French	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,195	1,085	1,110	5.3	5.2	5.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,195	1,085	1,110	5.3	5.2	5.5
English and French	265	135	130	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	3,735	1,800	1,930	9.1	8.7	9.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	41,030	20,710	20,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	40,165	20,275	19,890	97.9	97.9	97.9
Official languages	36,535	18,485	18,050	89.0	89.3	88.9
English	36,480	18,460	18,020	88.9	89.1	88.7
French	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	3,630	1,785	1,845	8.8	8.6	9.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,630	1,785	1,840	8.8	8.6	9.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,015	1,490	1,525	7.3	7.2	7.5
Albanian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	160	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,505	1,255	1,255	6.1	6.1	6.2
Indo-Aryan languages	2,475	1,240	1,235	6.0	6.0	6.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,370	1,185	1,180	5.8	5.7	5.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	220	105	115	0.5	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	865	435	425	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and French	40	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	805	405	405	2.0	2.0	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	41,030	20,710	20,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	37,560	19,060	18,495	91.5	92.0	91.0
English	1,200	590	610	2.9	2.8	3.0
French	245	120	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	1,685	800	890	4.1	3.9	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,675	795	885	4.1	3.8	4.4
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	140	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	40,625	20,675	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	39,785	20,335	19,450	97.9	98.4	97.5
English	39,775	20,330	19,445	97.9	98.3	97.4
French	2,005	835	1,170	4.9	4.0	5.9
Non-official languages	8,025	3,895	4,130	19.8	18.8	20.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,005	3,885	4,120	19.7	18.8	20.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	75	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	260	145	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	235	125	105	0.6	0.6	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	365	150	210	0.9	0.7	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	310	130	180	0.8	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	80	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-European languages	6,295	3,120	3,175	15.5	15.1	15.9
Albanian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	515	240	275	1.3	1.2	1.4
Baltic languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	495	230	275	1.2	1.1	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	65	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	165	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	835	390	445	2.1	1.9	2.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	555	265	290	1.4	1.3	1.5
German	535	250	285	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	240	120	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	40	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	175	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,920	1,995	1,930	9.6	9.6	9.7
Indo-Aryan languages	3,830	1,935	1,895	9.4	9.4	9.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	685	320	365	1.7	1.5	1.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,595	1,830	1,770	8.8	8.9	8.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,080	520	560	2.7	2.5	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	110	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	210	115	95	0.5	0.6	0.5
Spanish	665	300	365	1.6	1.5	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igbo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.3
American Sign Language	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	395	155	240	1.0	0.7	1.2
Chinese languages	395	155	240	1.0	0.7	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	290	90	200	0.7	0.4	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	180	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	90	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	110	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,625	20,675	19,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,380	1,705	1,675	8.3	8.2	8.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,270	1,665	1,605	8.0	8.1	8.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,840	895	945	4.5	4.3	4.7
Métis	1,420	765	655	3.5	3.7	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	37,250	18,965	18,285	91.7	91.7	91.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,625	20,675	19,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,015	505	510	2.5	2.4	2.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	39,615	20,165	19,445	97.5	97.5	97.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	10,835	...	...	76.9	...	...
Renter	3,260	...	...	23.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,030	...	...	7.3	...	...
Not condominium	13,070	...	...	92.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	1,065	...	...	7.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,455	...	...	17.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,355	...	...	30.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,145	...	...	43.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,730	...	...	19.4	...	...
5 rooms	1,755	...	...	12.5	...	...
6 rooms	1,895	...	...	13.4	...	...
7 rooms	1,785	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,930	...	...	42.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,795	...	...	97.9	...	...
More than one person per room	300	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	13,420	...	...	95.2	...	...
Not suitable	675	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,595	...	...	11.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,375	...	...	31.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,070	...	...	14.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,380	...	...	16.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,070	...	...	7.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	970	...	...	6.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	660	...	...	4.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	980	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,210	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	885	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,030	...	...	42.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,580	...	...	46.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,485	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	190	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,655	...	...	11.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,745	...	...	19.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,900	...	...	20.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,195	...	...	22.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,165	...	...	15.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	970	...	...	6.9	...	...
85 years and over	280	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,730	...	...	76.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,270	...	...	23.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,925	...	...	20.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,420	...	...	31.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,915	...	...	20.7	...	...
Not suitable only	505	...	...	3.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	600	...	...	4.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	235	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,675	...	...	68.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	13,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,230	...	...	9.0	...	...
Not in core need	12,430	...	...	91.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,785	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.8	...	...	68.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,876	...	...	1,876	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000	...	...	850,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	923,000	...	...	923,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,260	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.2	...	...	13.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.3	...	...	32.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.5	...	...	21.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,294	...	...	1,294	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	40,630	20,670	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	875	450	425	2.2	2.2	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	835	425	410	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	645	320	320	1.6	1.5	1.6
Métis single ancestry	195	105	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,900	1,440	1,460	7.1	7.0	7.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,810	1,390	1,420	6.9	6.7	7.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,820	885	935	4.5	4.3	4.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	970	490	480	2.4	2.4	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	36,850	18,785	18,070	90.7	90.9	90.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	40,630	20,675	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	38,445	19,575	18,865	94.6	94.7	94.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,195	4,825	4,365	22.6	23.3	21.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	29,255	14,755	14,500	72.0	71.4	72.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,185	1,095	1,085	5.4	5.3	5.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	40,630	20,675	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	33,430	17,105	16,330	82.3	82.7	81.8
Immigrants⁸¹	6,865	3,395	3,470	16.9	16.4	17.4
Before 1980	1,580	840	735	3.9	4.1	3.7
1980 to 1990	975	475	500	2.4	2.3	2.5
1991 to 2000	1,220	530	690	3.0	2.6	3.5
2001 to 2010	1,615	825	790	4.0	4.0	4.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,475	725	755	3.6	3.5	3.8
2011 to 2015	755	370	385	1.9	1.8	1.9
2016 to 2021	715	350	370	1.8	1.7	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	335	175	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,860	3,395	3,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	650	365	285	9.5	10.8	8.2
5 to 14 years	1,180	630	555	17.2	18.6	16.0
15 to 24 years	1,490	720	770	21.7	21.2	22.2
25 to 44 years	2,725	1,315	1,410	39.7	38.7	40.6
45 years and over	820	365	455	12.0	10.8	13.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,860	3,395	3,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	760	375	385	11.1	11.0	11.1
Brazil	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Colombia	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
El Salvador	80	50	30	1.2	1.5	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexico	70	35	30	1.0	1.0	0.9
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	55	25	35	0.8	0.7	1.0
United States of America	330	185	145	4.8	5.4	4.2
Other places of birth in Americas	150	40	105	2.2	1.2	3.0
Europe	2,330	1,230	1,100	34.0	36.2	31.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	265	130	135	3.9	3.8	3.9
Greece	35	30	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Hungary	60	40	20	0.9	1.2	0.6
Italy	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.6
Netherlands	175	105	70	2.6	3.1	2.0
Poland	115	45	65	1.7	1.3	1.9
Portugal	55	30	25	0.8	0.9	0.7
Romania	135	85	55	2.0	2.5	1.6
Russian Federation	40	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	45	25	25	0.7	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	975	515	460	14.2	15.2	13.3
Other places of birth in Europe	320	165	160	4.7	4.9	4.6
Africa	205	100	110	3.0	2.9	3.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	40	40	1.2	1.2	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	95	40	55	1.4	1.2	1.6
Asia	3,410	1,605	1,800	49.7	47.3	51.9
Afghanistan	40	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	40	30	15	0.6	0.9	0.4
Iraq	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanon	35	30	10	0.5	0.9	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	55	95	2.1	1.6	2.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	85	35	50	1.2	1.0	1.4
Taiwan	40	0	35	0.6	0.0	1.0
Philippines	330	140	195	4.8	4.1	5.6
Viet Nam	160	70	85	2.3	2.1	2.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	2,160	1,045	1,115	31.5	30.8	32.1
Pakistan	35	20	15	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	250	110	135	3.6	3.2	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	155	80	70	2.3	2.4	2.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	720	350	365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	75	30	45	10.4	8.6	12.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	15	2.1	0.0	4.1
United States of America	55	25	25	7.6	7.1	6.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	100	45	55	13.9	12.9	15.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	1.4	0.0	2.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	20	35	7.6	5.7	9.6
Africa	35	15	20	4.9	4.3	5.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	15	2.8	2.9	4.1
Asia	480	240	240	66.7	68.6	65.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	2.8	2.9	2.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	355	190	160	49.3	54.3	43.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	1.4	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	15	20	4.9	4.3	5.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	1.4	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	0	20	4.2	0.0	5.5
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	10	2.1	2.9	2.7
Oceania and other⁹³	25	20	0	3.5	5.7	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	2.1	4.3	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	1.4	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	40,625	20,675	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,525	3,720	3,805	18.5	18.0	19.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,215	4,120	4,100	20.2	19.9	20.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	24,890	12,835	12,055	61.3	62.1	60.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,280	2,550	2,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,110	1,020	1,090	40.0	40.0	39.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	835	485	350	15.8	19.0	12.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,275	535	735	24.1	21.0	26.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,730	1,295	1,440	51.7	50.8	52.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	415	230	190	7.9	9.0	7.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,280	2,550	2,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	135	85	50	2.6	3.3	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	605	290	310	11.5	11.4	11.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	45	30	1.2	1.8	1.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	195	75	125	3.7	2.9	4.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	10	50	1.1	0.4	1.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,225	2,050	2,175	80.0	80.4	79.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	40,625	20,675	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,275	3,560	3,705	17.9	17.2	18.6
South Asian	4,330	2,210	2,120	10.7	10.7	10.6
Chinese	520	210	310	1.3	1.0	1.6
Black	280	115	165	0.7	0.6	0.8
Filipino	480	205	275	1.2	1.0	1.4
Arab	125	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	330	160	170	0.8	0.8	0.9
Southeast Asian	535	260	280	1.3	1.3	1.4
West Asian	115	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Korean	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	145	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	230	95	135	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	33,355	17,110	16,245	82.1	82.8	81.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	40,630	20,675	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,440	2,850	2,590	13.4	13.8	13.0
English	10,765	5,345	5,420	26.5	25.9	27.2
Irish	6,640	3,175	3,465	16.3	15.4	17.4
Scottish	7,875	3,905	3,970	19.4	18.9	19.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,495	1,670	1,825	8.6	8.1	9.1
German	5,680	2,890	2,790	14.0	14.0	14.0
Chinese	670	300	370	1.6	1.5	1.9
Italian	1,670	890	780	4.1	4.3	3.9
Indian (India)	2,825	1,420	1,400	7.0	6.9	7.0
Ukrainian	2,190	1,015	1,175	5.4	4.9	5.9
Dutch	2,485	1,350	1,135	6.1	6.5	5.7
Polish	1,450	690	760	3.6	3.3	3.8
Québécois	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,770	910	865	4.4	4.4	4.3
Filipino	415	165	245	1.0	0.8	1.2
French Canadian	450	210	235	1.1	1.0	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	930	475	450	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,315	665	650	3.2	3.2	3.3
Métis	1,295	670	625	3.2	3.2	3.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,050	530	520	2.6	2.6	2.6
Russian	1,310	600	705	3.2	2.9	3.5
Norwegian	1,700	860	840	4.2	4.2	4.2
Welsh	1,030	445	585	2.5	2.2	2.9
Portuguese	305	135	175	0.8	0.7	0.9
American	510	270	230	1.3	1.3	1.2
Spanish	340	135	205	0.8	0.7	1.0
Swedish	1,065	550	515	2.6	2.7	2.6
Hungarian	590	340	255	1.5	1.6	1.3
Acadian	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	165	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	975	485	490	2.4	2.3	2.5
Vietnamese	285	150	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	210	110	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	145	80	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	295	160	135	0.7	0.8	0.7
Korean	130	50	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Romanian	400	215	185	1.0	1.0	0.9
Lebanese	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	55	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	500	230	265	1.2	1.1	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	390	205	190	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sikh	520	265	250	1.3	1.3	1.3
Austrian	380	170	205	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belgian	150	65	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Haitian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	115	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mexican	150	85	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	265	105	160	0.7	0.5	0.8
Swiss	275	130	145	0.7	0.6	0.7
Finnish	480	290	185	1.2	1.4	0.9
Sri Lankan	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	135	80	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	200	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	70	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	365	185	180	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	285	170	115	0.7	0.8	0.6
Colombian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	195	80	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Turkish	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	65	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	95	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	60	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australian	145	70	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Palestinian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
African American	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	180	95	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Laotian	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	300	150	150	0.7	0.7	0.8
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	95	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.4
Jatt	170	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	55	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	80	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	40,625	20,670	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	275	115	165	0.7	0.6	0.8
Christian	12,905	5,990	6,915	31.8	29.0	34.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,380	2,130	2,245	10.8	10.3	11.3
Anabaptist	425	210	220	1.0	1.0	1.1
Anglican	860	350	515	2.1	1.7	2.6
Baptist	325	170	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catholic	3,150	1,460	1,690	7.8	7.1	8.5
Christian Orthodox	265	130	135	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	385	180	200	0.9	0.9	1.0
Latter Day Saints	145	60	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	390	200	190	1.0	1.0	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	500	240	260	1.2	1.2	1.3
Presbyterian	330	120	210	0.8	0.6	1.1
Reformed	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Church	745	320	425	1.8	1.5	2.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	875	380	500	2.2	1.8	2.5
Hindu	380	190	195	0.9	0.9	1.0
Jewish	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	285	160	130	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	3,275	1,650	1,625	8.1	8.0	8.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	260	120	140	0.6	0.6	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	23,160	12,405	10,755	57.0	60.0	53.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	40,275	20,485	19,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	35,425	18,080	17,340	88.0	88.3	87.6
Movers	4,845	2,405	2,445	12.0	11.7	12.4
Non-migrants	2,245	1,105	1,140	5.6	5.4	5.8
Migrants	2,600	1,300	1,305	6.5	6.3	6.6
Internal migrants	2,475	1,235	1,240	6.1	6.0	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,295	1,135	1,160	5.7	5.5	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	180	100	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
External migrants	125	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	38,300	19,415	18,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	21,645	10,940	10,705	56.5	56.3	56.7
Movers	16,660	8,475	8,180	43.5	43.7	43.3
Non-migrants	5,865	2,940	2,925	15.3	15.1	15.5
Migrants	10,795	5,535	5,255	28.2	28.5	27.8
Internal migrants	10,160	5,210	4,950	26.5	26.8	26.2
Intraprovincial migrants	9,305	4,765	4,540	24.3	24.5	24.0
Interprovincial migrants	855	445	410	2.2	2.3	2.2
External migrants	635	320	305	1.7	1.6	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,825	16,580	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,855	3,900	2,955	20.9	23.5	18.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,965	12,680	13,285	79.1	76.5	81.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,100	11,005	11,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,250	1,975	1,280	14.7	17.9	11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	18,845	9,030	9,820	85.3	82.1	88.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,825	16,580	16,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,865	3,295	2,570	17.9	19.9	15.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,430	5,830	5,610	34.8	35.2	34.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,525	7,460	8,065	47.3	45.0	49.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,105	5,630	5,475	33.8	34.0	33.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,650	2,865	790	11.1	17.3	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,445	895	550	4.4	5.4	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,205	1,970	235	6.7	11.9	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,215	2,290	3,930	18.9	13.8	24.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,235	480	755	3.8	2.9	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,420	1,830	2,590	13.5	11.0	15.9
Bachelor's degree	2,900	1,205	1,695	8.8	7.3	10.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	405	140	265	1.2	0.8	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	910	380	530	2.8	2.3	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	50	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,100	11,000	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,575	1,570	1,010	11.7	14.3	9.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,555	3,885	3,670	34.2	35.3	33.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,965	5,550	6,415	54.1	50.5	57.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,530	4,240	4,290	38.6	38.5	38.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,715	2,150	560	12.3	19.5	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,045	650	395	4.7	5.9	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,670	1,500	170	7.6	13.6	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,840	1,715	3,125	21.9	15.6	28.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	970	370	600	4.4	3.4	5.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,435	1,305	2,125	15.5	11.9	19.2
Bachelor's degree	2,295	895	1,400	10.4	8.1	12.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	315	95	220	1.4	0.9	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	700	270	435	3.2	2.5	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,825	16,585	16,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,295	9,125	8,180	52.7	55.0	50.4
Education	1,110	255	855	3.4	1.5	5.3
13. Education	1,110	255	855	3.4	1.5	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	485	265	220	1.5	1.6	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	80	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	395	185	210	1.2	1.1	1.3
Humanities	830	315	515	2.5	1.9	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	25	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	145	20	130	0.4	0.1	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	295	120	175	0.9	0.7	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	85	25	0.3	0.5	0.2
54. History	110	30	80	0.3	0.2	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,490	375	1,120	4.5	2.3	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	410	25	385	1.2	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	305	70	235	0.9	0.4	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	250	80	170	0.8	0.5	1.0
45. Social sciences	460	185	275	1.4	1.1	1.7
Business, management and public administration	2,705	895	1,810	8.2	5.4	11.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235	70	165	0.7	0.4	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,460	815	1,640	7.5	4.9	10.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	335	170	170	1.0	1.0	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	145	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	90	55	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	460	280	180	1.4	1.7	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	385	260	130	1.2	1.6	0.8
25. Library science	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,955	3,715	235	12.0	22.4	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	45	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	280	225	55	0.9	1.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	640	575	65	1.9	3.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,335	1,305	30	4.1	7.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	950	910	35	2.9	5.5	0.2
48. Precision production	695	655	35	2.1	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	385	185	200	1.2	1.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275	105	170	0.8	0.6	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	85	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	2,480	400	2,090	7.6	2.4	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150	60	90	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,295	310	1,985	7.0	1.9	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,295	615	680	3.9	3.7	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	745	170	570	2.3	1.0	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	205	135	65	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	300	45	1.0	1.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,100	11,000	11,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,135	5,455	4,680	45.9	49.6	42.2
Education	820	175	650	3.7	1.6	5.9
13. Education	820	175	650	3.7	1.6	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	350	185	165	1.6	1.7	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	55	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	290	130	165	1.3	1.2	1.5
Humanities	645	235	410	2.9	2.1	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	110	15	95	0.5	0.1	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	215	75	145	1.0	0.7	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	55	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
54. History	100	25	80	0.5	0.2	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,210	255	950	5.5	2.3	8.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340	20	320	1.5	0.2	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	255	35	220	1.2	0.3	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	195	60	140	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	360	135	225	1.6	1.2	2.0
Business, management and public administration	2,135	675	1,455	9.7	6.1	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	190	60	130	0.9	0.5	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,940	615	1,320	8.8	5.6	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	230	105	130	1.0	1.0	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105	35	70	0.5	0.3	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	400	250	150	1.8	2.3	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	355	240	115	1.6	2.2	1.0
25. Library science	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,995	2,790	200	13.6	25.4	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	45	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	215	160	55	1.0	1.5	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	500	440	60	2.3	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,045	1,030	20	4.7	9.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	660	635	30	3.0	5.8	0.3
48. Precision production	530	500	25	2.4	4.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	265	120	145	1.2	1.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	205	75	125	0.9	0.7	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	1,925	305	1,620	8.7	2.8	14.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	35	75	0.5	0.3	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,800	260	1,535	8.1	2.4	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	990	450	540	4.5	4.1	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	570	120	445	2.6	1.1	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	150	100	50	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	260	225	40	1.2	2.0	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	22,100	11,000	11,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,135	5,455	4,680	45.9	49.6	42.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	11,970	5,550	6,415	54.2	50.5	57.8
Location of study inside Canada	10,275	4,800	5,475	46.5	43.6	49.3
Same as province or territory of residence	9,115	4,205	4,905	41.2	38.2	44.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,165	590	570	5.3	5.4	5.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,690	750	940	7.6	6.8	8.5
Americas	310	130	175	1.4	1.2	1.6
United States of America	235	95	140	1.1	0.9	1.3
Mexico	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	440	225	215	2.0	2.0	1.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Netherlands	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	185	110	75	0.8	1.0	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	70	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Africa	55	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	840	330	510	3.8	3.0	4.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	120	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Viet Nam	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	520	220	300	2.4	2.0	2.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	65	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Oceania	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Australia	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	32,825	16,580	16,245	...	...	...
In the labour force	21,345	11,520	9,825	...	...	...
Employed	19,925	10,785	9,140	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,425	740	680	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	11,480	5,065	6,415	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.0	69.5	60.5	65.0	69.5	60.5
Employment rate	60.7	65.0	56.3	60.7	65.0	56.3
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.4	6.9	6.7	6.4	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	32,825	16,585	16,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,595	5,110	6,480	35.3	30.8	39.9
Worked	21,235	11,475	9,760	64.7	69.2	60.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,840	7,200	4,640	36.1	43.4	28.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,395	4,270	5,125	28.6	25.7	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	43.5	41.1	42.4	43.5	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	21,345	11,520	9,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	340	145	195	1.6	1.3	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,010	11,375	9,630	98.4	98.7	98.0
Employee	17,475	9,165	8,310	81.9	79.6	84.6
Permanent position	15,630	8,320	7,310	73.2	72.2	74.4
Temporary position	1,845	850	1,005	8.6	7.4	10.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	555	255	300	2.6	2.2	3.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,295	595	700	6.1	5.2	7.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,530	2,210	1,325	16.5	19.2	13.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	21,345	11,520	9,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	340	145	195	1.6	1.3	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,010	11,375	9,630	98.4	98.7	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	190	135	60	0.9	1.2	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,955	680	2,280	13.8	5.9	23.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	925	725	205	4.3	6.3	2.1
3 Health occupations	1,295	255	1,040	6.1	2.2	10.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,345	660	1,680	11.0	5.7	17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	555	285	275	2.6	2.5	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	5,000	1,860	3,140	23.4	16.1	32.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,045	5,505	540	28.3	47.8	5.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	580	420	155	2.7	3.6	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,115	855	260	5.2	7.4	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	21,345	11,520	9,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	340	145	195	1.6	1.3	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	21,010	11,375	9,630	98.4	98.7	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	450	245	195	2.1	2.1	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	50	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
22 Utilities	105	80	20	0.5	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	3,170	2,785	385	14.9	24.2	3.9
31-33 Manufacturing	1,975	1,490	480	9.3	12.9	4.9
41 Wholesale trade	810	585	225	3.8	5.1	2.3
44-45 Retail trade	2,415	1,005	1,405	11.3	8.7	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,440	1,115	320	6.7	9.7	3.3
51 Information and cultural industries	315	200	120	1.5	1.7	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	515	155	360	2.4	1.3	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	345	165	180	1.6	1.4	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,035	450	590	4.8	3.9	6.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,035	640	400	4.8	5.6	4.1
61 Educational services	1,410	345	1,070	6.6	3.0	10.9
62 Health care and social assistance	2,355	390	1,965	11.0	3.4	20.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	375	165	205	1.8	1.4	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,045	355	690	4.9	3.1	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,045	560	490	4.9	4.9	5.0
91 Public administration	1,055	575	485	4.9	5.0	4.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	22,975	12,390	10,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,855	11,795	10,065	95.1	95.2	95.1
French	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	300	140	160	1.3	1.1	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	300	140	160	1.3	1.1	1.5
English and French	110	40	75	0.5	0.3	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	655	400	255	2.9	3.2	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	22,975	12,390	10,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,850	12,315	10,535	99.5	99.4	99.5
Official languages	22,355	12,060	10,295	97.3	97.3	97.3
English	22,310	12,035	10,270	97.1	97.1	97.0
French	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	495	255	240	2.2	2.1	2.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	495	255	240	2.2	2.1	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	380	220	155	1.7	1.8	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	370	215	155	1.6	1.7	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	370	215	150	1.6	1.7	1.4
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	370	215	150	1.6	1.7	1.4
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	15	55	0.3	0.1	0.5
Chinese languages	70	15	55	0.3	0.1	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	0	45	0.2	0.0	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	125	75	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	105	70	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	22,975	12,390	10,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	22,305	12,015	10,285	97.1	97.0	97.2
English	195	120	80	0.8	1.0	0.8
French	65	20	50	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official language	380	225	150	1.7	1.8	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	380	225	150	1.7	1.8	1.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	19,920	10,780	9,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,570	1,035	1,535	12.9	9.6	16.8
Worked outside Canada	30	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,305	3,250	1,055	21.6	30.1	11.5
Usual place of work	13,015	6,470	6,545	65.3	60.0	71.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	13,015	6,470	6,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,695	1,650	3,055	36.1	25.5	46.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,250	1,585	1,665	25.0	24.5	25.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,050	3,225	1,825	38.8	49.8	27.9
Commute to a different province or territory	20	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	17,320	9,720	7,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	16,160	9,200	6,960	93.3	94.7	91.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,905	8,535	6,370	86.1	87.8	83.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,260	665	590	7.3	6.8	7.8
Public transit	405	190	220	2.3	2.0	2.9
Walked	440	185	260	2.5	1.9	3.4
Bicycle	35	35	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other method	275	115	160	1.6	1.2	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	17,320	9,720	7,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,355	1,675	2,675	25.1	17.2	35.2
15 to 29 minutes	4,525	2,295	2,225	26.1	23.6	29.3
30 to 44 minutes	3,125	1,860	1,260	18.0	19.1	16.6
45 to 59 minutes	2,115	1,385	735	12.2	14.2	9.7
60 minutes and over	3,200	2,495	705	18.5	25.7	9.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	17,320	9,720	7,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,145	1,630	510	12.4	16.8	6.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,515	2,430	1,090	20.3	25.0	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,955	2,060	1,900	22.8	21.2	25.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,845	1,120	1,725	16.4	11.5	22.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,845	650	1,200	10.7	6.7	15.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,015	1,840	1,180	17.4	18.9	15.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,525	5,010	4,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	465	230	235	4.9	4.6	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,060	4,785	4,280	95.1	95.5	94.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,960	3,670	3,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	355	180	180	5.1	4.9	5.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	170	85	85	2.4	2.3	2.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	185	90	95	2.7	2.5	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,605	3,490	3,115	94.9	95.1	94.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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