Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Delta, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	108,455	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	102,238	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	39,736	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,058	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	603.7	...	...	603.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	179.66	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	108,455	53,505	54,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,425	8,535	7,885	15.1	16.0	14.3
0 to 4 years	4,505	2,270	2,235	4.2	4.2	4.1
5 to 9 years	5,520	2,925	2,595	5.1	5.5	4.7
10 to 14 years	6,400	3,340	3,055	5.9	6.2	5.6
15 to 64 years	69,755	34,640	35,120	64.3	64.7	63.9
15 to 19 years	6,825	3,545	3,280	6.3	6.6	6.0
20 to 24 years	7,525	4,020	3,505	6.9	7.5	6.4
25 to 29 years	6,140	3,205	2,935	5.7	6.0	5.3
30 to 34 years	5,640	2,755	2,885	5.2	5.1	5.3
35 to 39 years	6,510	3,125	3,390	6.0	5.8	6.2
40 to 44 years	6,655	3,190	3,465	6.1	6.0	6.3
45 to 49 years	6,950	3,265	3,685	6.4	6.1	6.7
50 to 54 years	7,750	3,770	3,985	7.1	7.0	7.3
55 to 59 years	8,010	3,950	4,060	7.4	7.4	7.4
60 to 64 years	7,750	3,815	3,930	7.1	7.1	7.2
65 years and over	22,275	10,330	11,945	20.5	19.3	21.7
65 to 69 years	6,600	3,155	3,450	6.1	5.9	6.3
70 to 74 years	6,015	2,835	3,175	5.5	5.3	5.8
75 to 79 years	4,310	2,060	2,250	4.0	3.9	4.1
80 to 84 years	2,770	1,265	1,505	2.6	2.4	2.7
85 years and over	2,575	1,015	1,565	2.4	1.9	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,635	675	960	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	720	270	450	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	195	70	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	16.0	14.3	15.1	16.0	14.3
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.7	63.9	64.3	64.7	63.9
65 years and over	20.5	19.3	21.7	20.5	19.3	21.7
85 years and over	2.4	1.9	2.8	2.4	1.9	2.8
Average age of the population	42.9	41.9	43.9	42.9	41.9	43.9
Median age of the population	44.0	42.4	45.2	44.0	42.4	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,130	...	...	55.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,120	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	2,115	...	...	5.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,320	...	...	19.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,550	...	...	14.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	625	...	...	1.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,790	...	...	20.5	...	...
2 persons	12,065	...	...	31.7	...	...
3 persons	6,270	...	...	16.5	...	...
4 persons	6,880	...	...	18.1	...	...
5 or more persons	5,055	...	...	13.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,270	53,060	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,030	44,970	47,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,570	27,690	27,875	60.4	61.6	59.2
Married	50,125	24,980	25,150	54.5	55.5	53.4
Living common-law	5,440	2,715	2,725	5.9	6.0	5.8
Living common law - Never married	3,520	1,775	1,745	3.8	3.9	3.7
Living common law - Separated	275	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,495	730	770	1.6	1.6	1.6
Living common law - Widowed	150	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	36,465	17,280	19,185	39.6	38.4	40.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,770	13,590	11,180	26.9	30.2	23.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,975	855	1,115	2.1	1.9	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,720	1,765	2,955	5.1	3.9	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,005	1,065	3,940	5.4	2.4	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,270	...	...	46.1	...	...
3 persons	6,720	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 persons	7,465	...	...	24.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,480	...	...	8.0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,870	...	...	86.9	...	...
Married couples	24,150	...	...	78.1	...	...
With children⁶	14,010	...	...	45.3	...	...
Without children	10,145	...	...	32.8	...	...
Common-law couples	2,720	...	...	8.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,050	...	...	3.4	...	...
Without children	1,670	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,060	...	...	13.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,080	...	...	10.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	980	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,270	53,055	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,610	45,870	45,740	85.4	86.5	84.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,750	26,845	26,900	50.1	50.6	49.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,065	985	3,080	3.8	1.9	5.7
Children⁶	33,800	18,035	15,765	31.5	34.0	29.1
In a two-parent family	27,645	14,630	13,015	25.8	27.6	24.0
In a one-parent family	6,155	3,410	2,750	5.7	6.4	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,660	7,190	8,470	14.6	13.6	15.6
Living alone	7,790	3,320	4,470	7.3	6.3	8.2
Living with other relatives⁷	3,705	1,440	2,260	3.5	2.7	4.2
Living with non-relatives only	4,165	2,430	1,740	3.9	4.6	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,045	...	...	63.2	...	...
Couple-family households	21,240	...	...	55.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,770	...	...	30.9	...	...
Without children	9,470	...	...	24.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,800	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,680	...	...	7.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	465	...	...	1.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,620	...	...	4.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,460	...	...	3.8	...	...
One-person households	7,790	...	...	20.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,855	44,525	46,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,665	42,985	44,680	96.5	96.5	96.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	37,200	42,400	49,600	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,705	43,005	44,705	96.5	96.6	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,400	34,000	38,400	44,400	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,465	39,675	39,790	87.5	89.1	85.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	46,000	29,600	36,800	46,000	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,155	32,590	30,560	69.5	73.2	66.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,000	32,400	39,200	48,000	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,585	32,840	38,745	78.8	73.8	83.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	8,800	10,500	9,700	8,800	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,005	2,840	4,160	7.7	6.4	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,080	5,480	5,480	5,080	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,870	11,325	12,545	26.3	25.4	27.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,860	44,510	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,595	42,970	44,625	96.4	96.5	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,500	64,800	46,560	55,500	64,800	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,625	42,990	44,640	96.4	96.6	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680	53,300	40,320	46,680	53,300	40,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,325	39,605	39,720	87.3	89.0	85.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,450	61,700	41,200	51,450	61,700	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,150	32,475	30,680	69.5	73.0	66.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,350	60,500	41,640	51,350	60,500	41,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,675	33,040	38,640	78.9	74.2	83.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,920	10,300	11,440	10,920	10,300	11,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,880	2,765	4,115	7.6	6.2	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,345	6,910	6,280	5,345	6,910
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,600	11,340	12,260	26.0	25.5	26.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,880	9,100	9,000	8,880	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,860	44,510	46,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,025	16,730	12,300	31.9	37.6	26.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	74,500	59,600	68,000	74,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,800	87,800	69,000	79,800	87,800	69,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,470	11,615	13,860	28.0	26.1	29.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,600	17,800	19,000	21,600	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,240	33,680	25,500	29,240	33,680	25,500
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	87.8	78.8	84.0	87.8	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6	70.6	61.5	66.6	70.6	61.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.1	12.2	21.3	16.1	12.2	21.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.4	0.9	0.5	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.4	6.8	5.4	4.4	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.6	5.4	4.4	3.6	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,850	44,520	46,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,185	1,540	1,645	3.5	3.5	3.6
With total income	87,665	42,980	44,685	96.5	96.5	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,350	3,710	4,640	9.5	8.6	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,060	4,110	5,955	11.5	9.6	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,655	5,195	7,460	14.4	12.1	16.7
$30,000 to $39,999	10,440	4,490	5,945	11.9	10.4	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,330	4,095	5,230	10.6	9.5	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,840	3,670	4,175	8.9	8.5	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,225	3,315	2,905	7.1	7.7	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,960	2,800	2,160	5.7	6.5	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,805	2,280	1,530	4.3	5.3	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,160	1,805	1,360	3.6	4.2	3.0
$100,000 and over	10,845	7,525	3,320	12.4	17.5	7.4
$100,000 to $149,999	7,115	4,670	2,445	8.1	10.9	5.5
$150,000 and over	3,725	2,850	875	4.2	6.6	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,850	44,520	46,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,150	1,515	1,630	3.5	3.4	3.5
With after-tax income	87,705	43,000	44,700	96.5	96.6	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,725	3,825	4,900	9.9	8.9	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,445	4,260	6,185	11.9	9.9	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,205	5,915	8,290	16.2	13.8	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	12,155	5,265	6,885	13.9	12.2	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	10,755	4,890	5,860	12.3	11.4	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,450	4,405	4,050	9.6	10.2	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,260	3,535	2,720	7.1	8.2	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,700	2,755	1,945	5.4	6.4	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,425	2,085	1,340	3.9	4.8	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,390	1,540	845	2.7	3.6	1.9
$100,000 and over	6,205	4,520	1,680	7.1	10.5	3.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,130	2,165	965	3.6	5.0	2.2
$125,000 and over	3,075	2,360	715	3.5	5.5	1.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,850	44,520	46,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,700	11,930	15,765	30.5	26.8	34.0
With employment income	63,155	32,585	30,565	69.5	73.2	66.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,590	4,065	4,530	13.6	12.5	14.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,075	2,190	2,880	8.0	6.7	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,385	3,200	4,180	11.7	9.8	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,500	2,515	2,980	8.7	7.7	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,500	2,420	3,075	8.7	7.4	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,365	2,475	2,890	8.5	7.6	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,900	2,385	2,515	7.8	7.3	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,105	2,340	1,770	6.5	7.2	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,415	2,035	1,385	5.4	6.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,840	1,705	1,130	4.5	5.2	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365	1,400	965	3.7	4.3	3.2
$100,000 and over	8,110	5,860	2,250	12.8	18.0	7.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,650	2,435	1,210	5.8	7.5	4.0
$125,000 and over	4,465	3,420	1,045	7.1	10.5	3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,855	44,525	46,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,940	41,505	43,430	93.5	93.2	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,200	34,400	40,800	49,200	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,100	41,535	43,565	93.7	93.3	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	31,200	36,400	43,200	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,315	38,955	39,365	86.2	87.5	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	47,600	31,000	38,400	47,600	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,110	33,265	31,845	71.7	74.7	68.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,800	31,800	38,400	46,800	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,725	23,905	32,810	62.4	53.7	70.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	4,200	6,360	5,760	4,200	6,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,765	1,775	2,990	5.2	4.0	6.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,560	5,160	4,960	4,560	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,860	44,510	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,030	41,600	43,435	93.6	93.5	93.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,650	64,000	43,720	53,650	64,000	43,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,210	41,640	43,565	93.8	93.6	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	51,850	37,240	44,360	51,850	37,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,295	38,990	39,305	86.2	87.6	84.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,200	63,250	41,240	52,200	63,250	41,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,915	33,155	31,755	71.4	74.5	68.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	60,100	40,200	50,400	60,100	40,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,050	24,040	33,010	62.8	54.0	71.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,320	8,180	8,430	8,320	8,180	8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,785	1,845	2,940	5.3	4.1	6.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,810	7,600	6,910	5,810	7,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,860	44,510	46,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,820	16,620	12,200	31.7	37.3	26.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	71,500	56,000	64,000	71,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,300	85,000	64,400	76,300	85,000	64,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,935	10,885	13,045	26.3	24.5	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	27,400	22,200	24,200	27,400	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,520	40,600	29,440	34,520	40,600	29,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	92.6	85.4	89.6	92.6	85.4
Employment income (%)	71.6	74.8	67.2	71.6	74.8	67.2
Government transfers (%)	10.4	7.4	14.6	10.4	7.4	14.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.2	0.7	0.4	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	127,800	...	...	127,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,500	...	...	107,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920	...	...	47,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,200	...	...	146,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,900	...	...	122,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	420	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	970	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	770	...	...	2.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	820	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,045	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,045	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,040	...	...	2.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,090	...	...	5.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,175	...	...	5.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,270	...	...	6.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,100	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,540	...	...	54.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,780	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,980	...	...	10.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,620	...	...	14.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,155	...	...	16.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	410	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	220	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	430	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,030	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	875	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,010	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,185	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,185	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,225	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,490	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,565	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,565	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,535	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,470	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,715	...	...	46.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,195	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,250	...	...	11.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,265	...	...	21.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...	154,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,960	5,750	6,210	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	41,600	39,200	40,400	41,600	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	38,000	36,000	37,200	38,000	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...	145,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,900	...	...	121,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,300	...	...	123,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,800	5,610	6,190	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,480	51,400	49,640	50,480	51,400	49,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,280	43,880	42,720	43,280	43,880	42,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,270	53,060	54,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,410	10,610	9,800	19.0	20.0	18.1
0 to 5 years	5,525	2,825	2,700	5.2	5.3	5.0
18 to 64 years	65,550	32,450	33,100	61.1	61.2	61.1
65 years and over	21,310	9,995	11,320	19.9	18.8	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,375	3,410	3,965	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,640	840	800	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	420	205	215	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,905	1,865	2,040	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,825	705	1,120	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9	6.4	7.3	6.9	6.4	7.3
0 to 17 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.2	8.1	7.9	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	7.3	8.0	7.6	7.3	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	5.8	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.2
65 years and over (%)	8.6	7.1	9.9	8.6	7.1	9.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,270	53,055	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,405	10,615	9,795	19.0	20.0	18.1
0 to 5 years	5,520	2,820	2,700	5.1	5.3	5.0
18 to 64 years	65,550	32,450	33,095	61.1	61.2	61.0
65 years and over	21,315	9,995	11,315	19.9	18.8	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,305	2,210	2,090	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	850	445	405	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	80	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,940	1,545	1,395	...	...	...
65 years and over	515	220	290	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.0	4.2	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	4.8	4.2	4.5	4.8	4.2
65 years and over (%)	2.4	2.2	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,270	53,060	54,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	40,095	19,375	20,720	37.4	36.5	38.2
In bottom decile	7,220	3,520	3,695	6.7	6.6	6.8
In second decile	7,065	3,285	3,780	6.6	6.2	7.0
In third decile	7,770	3,755	4,015	7.2	7.1	7.4
In fourth decile	8,370	4,045	4,320	7.8	7.6	8.0
In fifth decile	9,675	4,765	4,910	9.0	9.0	9.1
In top half of the distribution	67,180	33,680	33,495	62.6	63.5	61.8
In sixth decile	10,900	5,445	5,455	10.2	10.3	10.1
In seventh decile	12,125	5,935	6,190	11.3	11.2	11.4
In eighth decile	13,290	6,610	6,680	12.4	12.5	12.3
In ninth decile	15,275	7,680	7,590	14.2	14.5	14.0
In top decile	15,595	8,010	7,585	14.5	15.1	14.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,270	...	...	107,270	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.313	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	107,510	53,165	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	96,290	48,380	47,915	89.6	91.0	88.2
French only	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,820	2,970	3,850	6.3	5.6	7.1
Neither English nor French	4,365	1,800	2,565	4.1	3.4	4.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	107,510	53,165	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	102,080	50,860	51,215	94.9	95.7	94.2
French	775	370	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	370	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	4,290	1,765	2,520	4.0	3.3	4.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	107,510	53,165	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,110	50,545	51,565	95.0	95.1	94.9
Official languages	65,950	33,130	32,820	61.3	62.3	60.4
English	65,180	32,765	32,420	60.6	61.6	59.7
French	770	365	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official languages	36,165	17,415	18,745	33.6	32.8	34.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,150	17,410	18,740	33.6	32.7	34.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	585	305	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	490	255	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	425	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	270	110	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	235	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,915	785	1,130	1.8	1.5	2.1
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,560	635	930	1.5	1.2	1.7
Waray-Waray	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	535	275	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,580	12,085	12,495	22.9	22.7	23.0
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,305	585	720	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,280	575	700	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	285	120	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	410	180	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,730	800	930	1.6	1.5	1.7
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,095	505	590	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	1,070	490	580	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	425	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dutch	350	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	215	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	255	135	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	19,355	9,640	9,715	18.0	18.1	17.9
Indo-Aryan languages	18,995	9,440	9,550	17.7	17.8	17.6
Assamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	300	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	1,995	965	1,030	1.9	1.8	1.9
Kacchi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15,790	7,885	7,910	14.7	14.8	14.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	610	280	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	360	195	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	250	140	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,865	895	975	1.7	1.7	1.8
Catalan	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	370	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	365	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,005	480	525	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	310	115	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	305	125	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,120	3,360	3,755	6.6	6.3	6.9
Chinese languages	7,080	3,340	3,740	6.6	6.3	6.9
Hakka	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	4,210	1,975	2,230	3.9	3.7	4.1
Min Dong	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	265	135	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,445	1,155	1,290	2.3	2.2	2.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,400	2,620	2,785	5.0	4.9	5.1
English and French	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,505	2,215	2,290	4.2	4.2	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	465	210	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	107,510	53,165	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,130	34,035	34,095	63.4	64.0	62.7
French	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	12,095	5,810	6,290	11.3	10.9	11.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,095	5,810	6,290	11.3	10.9	11.6
English and French	800	395	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	24,705	12,105	12,600	23.0	22.8	23.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	555	245	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	1,085	510	575	1.0	1.0	1.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	107,510	53,165	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,320	50,095	51,230	94.2	94.2	94.3
Official languages	78,445	38,900	39,550	73.0	73.2	72.8
English	78,250	38,810	39,440	72.8	73.0	72.6
French	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	22,880	11,195	11,680	21.3	21.1	21.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,880	11,195	11,680	21.3	21.1	21.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	925	420	510	0.9	0.8	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	780	360	420	0.7	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	325	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Telugu	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15,370	7,615	7,750	14.3	14.3	14.3
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	455	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	450	215	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	13,860	6,860	6,995	12.9	12.9	12.9
Indo-Aryan languages	13,650	6,755	6,895	12.7	12.7	12.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	155	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	1,070	490	580	1.0	0.9	1.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	11,885	5,925	5,955	11.1	11.1	11.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	730	380	350	0.7	0.7	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	505	270	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,300	2,560	2,740	4.9	4.8	5.0
Chinese languages	5,275	2,545	2,730	4.9	4.8	5.0
Hakka	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,365	1,610	1,755	3.1	3.0	3.2
Min Dong	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	155	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	1,655	805	850	1.5	1.5	1.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,185	3,070	3,115	5.8	5.8	5.7
English and French	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	5,885	2,920	2,960	5.5	5.5	5.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	107,510	53,160	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	85,295	42,385	42,915	79.3	79.7	79.0
English	8,225	4,115	4,115	7.7	7.7	7.6
French	755	360	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	10,045	4,720	5,325	9.3	8.9	9.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,040	4,720	5,315	9.3	8.9	9.8
English and French	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,600	820	780	1.5	1.5	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	300	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,230	595	630	1.1	1.1	1.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,270	53,055	54,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	102,875	51,235	51,640	95.9	96.6	95.3
English	102,845	51,220	51,620	95.9	96.5	95.2
French	6,850	2,950	3,905	6.4	5.6	7.2
Non-official languages	46,775	22,720	24,055	43.6	42.8	44.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	46,730	22,705	24,025	43.6	42.8	44.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,105	605	500	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	920	515	400	0.9	1.0	0.7
Amharic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	715	410	305	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	165	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	320	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,980	1,295	1,690	2.8	2.4	3.1
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	260	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,685	1,160	1,525	2.5	2.2	2.8
Waray-Waray	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	665	360	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Kannada	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	390	205	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	32,685	16,145	16,545	30.5	30.4	30.5
Albanian	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,605	700	905	1.5	1.3	1.7
Baltic languages	40	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,570	695	880	1.5	1.3	1.6
Belarusian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	335	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	565	275	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	335	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	180	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	225	80	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,590	1,240	1,350	2.4	2.3	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,730	835	900	1.6	1.6	1.7
German	1,725	835	890	1.6	1.6	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	630	300	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	190	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	430	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	345	200	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	25,175	12,560	12,615	23.5	23.7	23.3
Indo-Aryan languages	24,835	12,380	12,450	23.2	23.3	23.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	480	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hindi	8,065	3,995	4,070	7.5	7.5	7.5
Kacchi	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Marathi	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20,805	10,440	10,365	19.4	19.7	19.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,450	720	735	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	465	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,455	1,710	1,745	3.2	3.2	3.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	625	325	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	445	185	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Romanian	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,365	1,225	1,130	2.2	2.3	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	525	245	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	320	135	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,360	3,980	4,380	7.8	7.5	8.1
Chinese languages	8,325	3,970	4,355	7.8	7.5	8.0
Hakka	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mandarin	6,150	2,940	3,205	5.7	5.5	5.9
Min Dong	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	495	245	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,405	1,600	1,810	3.2	3.0	3.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	175	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	170	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,270	53,055	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,180	1,445	1,730	3.0	2.7	3.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,005	1,385	1,625	2.8	2.6	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,665	735	925	1.6	1.4	1.7
Métis	1,310	630	680	1.2	1.2	1.3
Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	104,095	51,615	52,480	97.0	97.3	96.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,270	53,055	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	940	375	560	0.9	0.7	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,330	52,680	53,650	99.1	99.3	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,785	...	...	75.6	...	...
Renter	9,275	...	...	24.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,385	...	...	14.2	...	...
Not condominium	32,670	...	...	85.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,555	...	...	9.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,140	...	...	18.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,065	...	...	31.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,115	...	...	39.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,050	...	...	23.8	...	...
5 rooms	4,580	...	...	12.0	...	...
6 rooms	5,155	...	...	13.5	...	...
7 rooms	5,085	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,185	...	...	37.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,755	...	...	96.6	...	...
More than one person per room	1,300	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	35,620	...	...	93.6	...	...
Not suitable	2,435	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,680	...	...	7.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,735	...	...	46.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,270	...	...	16.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,375	...	...	11.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	945	...	...	2.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,480	...	...	3.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,695	...	...	4.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,890	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,110	...	...	94.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,945	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,465	...	...	40.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,230	...	...	50.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,365	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	735	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,090	...	...	8.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,900	...	...	15.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,590	...	...	19.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,710	...	...	22.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,755	...	...	17.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,055	...	...	10.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,215	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,605	...	...	78.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,255	...	...	21.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,320	...	...	19.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,540	...	...	30.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,295	...	...	19.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,885	...	...	5.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,290	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	415	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	520	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	26,520	...	...	69.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,155	...	...	11.3	...	...
Not in core need	32,770	...	...	88.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,705	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.5	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.2	...	...	18.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490	...	...	1,490	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,802	...	...	1,802	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,190,000	...	...	1,190,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,171,000	...	...	1,171,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,255	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.2	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,606	...	...	1,606	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,270	53,060	54,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	705	300	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	680	295	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	455	185	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Métis single ancestry	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,820	1,320	1,500	2.6	2.5	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,740	1,295	1,450	2.6	2.4	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,820	860	965	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	905	425	485	0.8	0.8	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	103,750	51,435	52,310	96.7	96.9	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,270	53,055	54,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	93,845	46,415	47,430	87.5	87.5	87.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,050	9,810	9,235	17.8	18.5	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,800	36,600	38,200	69.7	69.0	70.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	13,420	6,645	6,780	12.5	12.5	12.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,270	53,055	54,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	67,960	33,910	34,055	63.4	63.9	62.8
Immigrants⁸¹	35,555	17,175	18,380	33.1	32.4	33.9
Before 1980	7,290	3,590	3,695	6.8	6.8	6.8
1980 to 1990	3,930	1,840	2,090	3.7	3.5	3.9
1991 to 2000	8,040	3,850	4,185	7.5	7.3	7.7
2001 to 2010	8,340	4,020	4,325	7.8	7.6	8.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,960	3,870	4,085	7.4	7.3	7.5
2011 to 2015	3,640	1,765	1,870	3.4	3.3	3.4
2016 to 2021	4,325	2,105	2,215	4.0	4.0	4.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,750	1,970	1,775	3.5	3.7	3.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	35,555	17,175	18,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,740	1,415	1,325	7.7	8.2	7.2
5 to 14 years	5,175	2,745	2,430	14.6	16.0	13.2
15 to 24 years	8,270	3,765	4,505	23.3	21.9	24.5
25 to 44 years	14,810	7,150	7,665	41.7	41.6	41.7
45 years and over	4,560	2,105	2,450	12.8	12.3	13.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	35,555	17,175	18,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,250	1,070	1,180	6.3	6.2	6.4
Brazil	90	40	45	0.3	0.2	0.2
Colombia	105	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
El Salvador	155	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Guyana	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexico	145	60	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Peru	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	85	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
United States of America	950	455	495	2.7	2.6	2.7
Other places of birth in Americas	540	265	280	1.5	1.5	1.5
Europe	6,470	3,220	3,245	18.2	18.7	17.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	90	55	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
France	95	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germany	665	360	300	1.9	2.1	1.6
Greece	155	105	55	0.4	0.6	0.3
Hungary	60	50	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italy	215	120	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Netherlands	320	185	135	0.9	1.1	0.7
Poland	255	120	140	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portugal	165	75	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romania	150	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	110	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	215	90	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,955	1,445	1,510	8.3	8.4	8.2
Other places of birth in Europe	905	405	500	2.5	2.4	2.7
Africa	1,110	580	530	3.1	3.4	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	80	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Morocco	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somalia	95	35	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	365	190	170	1.0	1.1	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	450	245	205	1.3	1.4	1.1
Asia	24,280	11,600	12,685	68.3	67.5	69.0
Afghanistan	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	130	75	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iraq	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanon	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	255	145	110	0.7	0.8	0.6
Turkey	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	3,820	1,785	2,030	10.7	10.4	11.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,100	530	570	3.1	3.1	3.1
Korea, South⁹²	195	70	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
Taiwan	1,095	495	600	3.1	2.9	3.3
Philippines	2,680	1,160	1,520	7.5	6.8	8.3
Viet Nam	235	105	135	0.7	0.6	0.7
Bangladesh	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
India	12,375	6,090	6,285	34.8	35.5	34.2
Pakistan	775	410	370	2.2	2.4	2.0
Sri Lanka	125	55	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	1,090	460	630	3.1	2.7	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,450	705	745	4.1	4.1	4.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,320	2,105	2,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	270	110	160	6.3	5.2	7.2
Brazil	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.9
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	20	15	0.8	1.0	0.7
United States of America	135	45	90	3.1	2.1	4.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.9
Europe	230	115	115	5.3	5.5	5.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.7
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	35	20	15	0.8	1.0	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	60	25	1.9	2.9	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	60	15	40	1.4	0.7	1.8
Africa	190	95	100	4.4	4.5	4.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.9
Somalia	70	30	40	1.6	1.4	1.8
South Africa, Republic of	35	10	25	0.8	0.5	1.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	30	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Asia	3,585	1,765	1,825	83.0	83.8	82.4
Afghanistan	40	20	25	0.9	1.0	1.1
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	540	250	290	12.5	11.9	13.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	25	20	1.2	1.2	0.9
India	2,025	1,015	1,005	46.9	48.2	45.4
Iran⁸⁸	20	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	95	50	40	2.2	2.4	1.8
Philippines	350	135	210	8.1	6.4	9.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	235	140	95	5.4	6.7	4.3
Turkey	70	35	30	1.6	1.7	1.4
United Arab Emirates	50	30	20	1.2	1.4	0.9
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	60	20	40	1.4	1.0	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	50	25	25	1.2	1.2	1.1
Australia	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	35	10	20	0.8	0.5	0.9
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,270	53,055	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	40,525	19,690	20,835	37.8	37.1	38.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,070	13,900	14,170	26.2	26.2	26.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	38,680	19,470	19,205	36.1	36.7	35.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	28,270	13,585	14,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,575	6,870	6,710	48.0	50.6	45.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,710	3,425	2,280	20.2	25.2	15.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,875	3,445	4,425	27.9	25.4	30.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,370	5,485	6,890	43.8	40.4	46.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,095	1,105	990	7.4	8.1	6.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	225	125	100	0.8	0.9	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	28,270	13,585	14,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	720	445	280	2.5	3.3	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,415	1,085	1,330	8.5	8.0	9.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	620	330	285	2.2	2.4	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,440	755	680	5.1	5.6	4.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	60	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	22,970	10,910	12,060	81.3	80.3	82.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,270	53,055	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	48,625	23,895	24,730	45.3	45.0	45.6
South Asian	27,990	14,165	13,830	26.1	26.7	25.5
Chinese	9,660	4,615	5,045	9.0	8.7	9.3
Black	1,095	595	500	1.0	1.1	0.9
Filipino	3,700	1,660	2,045	3.4	3.1	3.8
Arab	625	345	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Latin American	1,035	455	580	1.0	0.9	1.1
Southeast Asian	720	320	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
West Asian	265	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	410	170	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japanese	970	430	540	0.9	0.8	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	575	285	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	1,565	715	850	1.5	1.3	1.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	58,645	29,160	29,480	54.7	55.0	54.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,270	53,055	54,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,000	4,520	4,480	8.4	8.5	8.3
English	21,440	10,790	10,645	20.0	20.3	19.6
Irish	12,505	6,050	6,450	11.7	11.4	11.9
Scottish	16,065	8,030	8,030	15.0	15.1	14.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,390	2,545	2,840	5.0	4.8	5.2
German	9,620	4,895	4,725	9.0	9.2	8.7
Chinese	9,085	4,310	4,775	8.5	8.1	8.8
Italian	3,230	1,645	1,585	3.0	3.1	2.9
Indian (India)	15,620	7,835	7,780	14.6	14.8	14.4
Ukrainian	3,715	1,795	1,925	3.5	3.4	3.6
Dutch	3,820	1,925	1,890	3.6	3.6	3.5
Polish	2,615	1,275	1,350	2.4	2.4	2.5
Québécois	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,395	2,060	2,335	4.1	3.9	4.3
Filipino	3,935	1,775	2,160	3.7	3.3	4.0
French Canadian	565	265	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,205	595	610	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,120	530	595	1.0	1.0	1.1
Métis	1,205	555	645	1.1	1.0	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,785	900	885	1.7	1.7	1.6
Russian	2,000	950	1,050	1.9	1.8	1.9
Norwegian	2,690	1,310	1,380	2.5	2.5	2.5
Welsh	2,325	1,165	1,160	2.2	2.2	2.1
Portuguese	930	435	495	0.9	0.8	0.9
American	1,435	650	785	1.3	1.2	1.4
Spanish	990	485	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swedish	2,055	960	1,095	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hungarian	950	465	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
Acadian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	1,010	505	505	0.9	1.0	0.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	640	295	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Punjabi	6,055	3,130	2,930	5.6	5.9	5.4
Vietnamese	475	240	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	310	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	710	370	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	255	140	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	955	430	525	0.9	0.8	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	275	115	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	430	180	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
Romanian	600	275	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,115	545	570	1.0	1.0	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	275	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	4,790	2,455	2,335	4.5	4.6	4.3
Austrian	880	435	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belgian	335	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	965	490	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mexican	405	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	280	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	440	230	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	695	340	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	540	275	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	1,260	585	680	1.2	1.1	1.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	835	415	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	500	230	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Muslim	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Egyptian	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	550	270	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	40	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	430	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	235	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ojibway	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	435	190	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ontarian	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	135	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	260	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	175	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Taiwanese	950	500	450	0.9	0.9	0.8
Iraqi	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	335	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	130	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	315	180	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	515	270	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Palestinian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	55	25	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Albertan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	25	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	1,295	640	660	1.2	1.2	1.2
Jatt	635	350	285	0.6	0.7	0.5
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	150	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,270	53,055	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,450	575	870	1.4	1.1	1.6
Christian	35,025	16,135	18,890	32.7	30.4	34.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,585	3,555	4,025	7.1	6.7	7.4
Anabaptist	470	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	3,800	1,730	2,070	3.5	3.3	3.8
Baptist	1,540	730	805	1.4	1.4	1.5
Catholic	12,870	5,965	6,905	12.0	11.2	12.7
Christian Orthodox	905	435	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	360	135	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,165	500	665	1.1	0.9	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	430	210	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Presbyterian	465	245	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Reformed	160	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Church	3,120	1,295	1,825	2.9	2.4	3.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,875	860	1,010	1.7	1.6	1.9
Hindu	4,195	2,210	1,990	3.9	4.2	3.7
Jewish	475	210	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Muslim	3,265	1,620	1,645	3.0	3.1	3.0
Sikh	19,235	9,650	9,590	17.9	18.2	17.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	610	245	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	42,990	22,410	20,590	40.1	42.2	38.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,525	52,690	53,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,185	46,585	47,600	88.4	88.4	88.4
Movers	12,340	6,105	6,235	11.6	11.6	11.6
Non-migrants	6,090	2,955	3,130	5.7	5.6	5.8
Migrants	6,250	3,145	3,100	5.9	6.0	5.8
Internal migrants	5,250	2,630	2,625	4.9	5.0	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	4,655	2,340	2,315	4.4	4.4	4.3
Interprovincial migrants	600	290	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	995	510	480	0.9	1.0	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,830	50,875	51,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,575	31,710	32,865	62.8	62.3	63.3
Movers	38,255	19,165	19,090	37.2	37.7	36.7
Non-migrants	12,745	6,320	6,430	12.4	12.4	12.4
Migrants	25,510	12,845	12,665	24.8	25.2	24.4
Internal migrants	19,185	9,635	9,550	18.7	18.9	18.4
Intraprovincial migrants	17,030	8,545	8,475	16.6	16.8	16.3
Interprovincial migrants	2,155	1,090	1,075	2.1	2.1	2.1
External migrants	6,325	3,210	3,115	6.2	6.3	6.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,860	44,510	46,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,385	6,770	6,615	14.7	15.2	14.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,470	37,740	39,730	85.3	84.8	85.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,210	27,045	28,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,825	2,700	2,135	8.7	10.0	7.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,385	24,345	26,035	91.3	90.0	92.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,860	44,510	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,250	6,025	6,230	13.5	13.5	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,345	14,420	14,930	32.3	32.4	32.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,260	24,065	25,195	54.2	54.1	54.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,685	13,260	12,430	28.3	29.8	26.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,205	4,810	1,400	6.8	10.8	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,615	1,635	980	2.9	3.7	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,590	3,170	415	4.0	7.1	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,800	6,880	8,920	17.4	15.5	19.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,685	1,570	2,115	4.1	3.5	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,575	10,810	12,760	25.9	24.3	27.5
Bachelor's degree	15,445	7,020	8,420	17.0	15.8	18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,855	650	1,205	2.0	1.5	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440	240	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	5,245	2,545	2,705	5.8	5.7	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	585	355	235	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,215	27,045	28,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,160	2,260	1,900	7.5	8.4	6.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,535	8,030	7,505	28.1	29.7	26.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,520	16,760	18,765	64.3	62.0	66.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,430	8,870	8,560	31.6	32.8	30.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,170	3,265	910	7.6	12.1	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,845	1,170	680	3.3	4.3	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,325	2,095	230	4.2	7.7	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,840	4,635	6,210	19.6	17.1	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,410	975	1,440	4.4	3.6	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,085	7,885	10,205	32.8	29.2	36.2
Bachelor's degree	11,855	5,215	6,645	21.5	19.3	23.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,370	440	930	2.5	1.6	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	290	135	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	4,170	1,895	2,275	7.6	7.0	8.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	210	195	0.7	0.8	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,855	44,510	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,595	20,440	21,155	45.8	45.9	45.6
Education	3,705	830	2,870	4.1	1.9	6.2
13. Education	3,705	830	2,870	4.1	1.9	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,930	920	1,010	2.1	2.1	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	380	285	95	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,555	635	920	1.7	1.4	2.0
Humanities	3,670	1,370	2,305	4.0	3.1	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	90	315	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	740	190	550	0.8	0.4	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,715	700	1,020	1.9	1.6	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	230	135	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	310	165	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,590	2,045	3,545	6.2	4.6	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	590	215	375	0.6	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	760	70	690	0.8	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	815	275	540	0.9	0.6	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,025	305	720	1.1	0.7	1.6
45. Social sciences	2,245	1,105	1,140	2.5	2.5	2.5
Business, management and public administration	10,560	4,865	5,700	11.6	10.9	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	430	115	320	0.5	0.3	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,120	4,750	5,365	11.1	10.7	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,100	1,105	995	2.3	2.5	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	785	385	405	0.9	0.9	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	695	335	360	0.8	0.8	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	510	365	150	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,095	1,275	825	2.3	2.9	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,725	1,095	630	1.9	2.5	1.4
25. Library science	95	10	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	245	145	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,385	8,540	845	10.3	19.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	305	190	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	2,440	1,980	460	2.7	4.4	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,860	1,695	165	2.0	3.8	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,130	2,080	50	2.3	4.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,700	1,655	40	1.9	3.7	0.1
48. Precision production	950	940	10	1.0	2.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	810	420	390	0.9	0.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	550	245	310	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	180	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	6,870	1,325	5,545	7.6	3.0	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	645	330	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,115	930	5,180	6.7	2.1	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,520	1,370	1,155	2.8	3.1	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,430	430	1,000	1.6	1.0	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	350	275	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	715	640	75	0.8	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,210	27,045	28,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,695	10,290	9,405	35.7	38.0	33.4
Education	2,350	460	1,890	4.3	1.7	6.7
13. Education	2,350	460	1,890	4.3	1.7	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,400	645	755	2.5	2.4	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	165	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,165	475	685	2.1	1.8	2.4
Humanities	2,585	915	1,670	4.7	3.4	5.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295	55	245	0.5	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	570	145	425	1.0	0.5	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,160	430	730	2.1	1.6	2.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	105	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	205	110	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,260	1,470	2,795	7.7	5.4	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	505	185	325	0.9	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	555	45	510	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	630	170	455	1.1	0.6	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	735	210	525	1.3	0.8	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,715	810	905	3.1	3.0	3.2
Business, management and public administration	7,730	3,405	4,330	14.0	12.6	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	305	65	230	0.6	0.2	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,425	3,335	4,085	13.4	12.3	14.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,385	665	720	2.5	2.5	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	230	290	0.9	0.9	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495	235	260	0.9	0.9	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	305	180	125	0.6	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,690	1,045	650	3.1	3.9	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,470	940	525	2.7	3.5	1.9
25. Library science	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,630	5,885	745	12.0	21.8	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	215	115	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,820	1,405	415	3.3	5.2	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,260	1,110	150	2.3	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,595	1,550	45	2.9	5.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,145	1,110	35	2.1	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	605	595	10	1.1	2.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	610	305	305	1.1	1.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	390	155	245	0.7	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	150	65	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	5,075	1,005	4,065	9.2	3.7	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	470	245	220	0.9	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,545	730	3,810	8.2	2.7	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,790	960	830	3.2	3.5	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,010	300	705	1.8	1.1	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	270	205	65	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	435	55	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,210	27,045	28,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,695	10,290	9,405	35.7	38.0	33.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,520	16,755	18,760	64.3	62.0	66.6
Location of study inside Canada	25,605	12,090	13,515	46.4	44.7	48.0
Same as province or territory of residence	22,090	10,375	11,710	40.0	38.4	41.6
Different than province or territory of residence	3,515	1,710	1,805	6.4	6.3	6.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,915	4,665	5,245	18.0	17.2	18.6
Americas	1,145	570	575	2.1	2.1	2.0
United States of America	915	465	450	1.7	1.7	1.6
Mexico	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,430	795	630	2.6	2.9	2.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	90	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	685	400	285	1.2	1.5	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	145	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	195	110	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	6,870	3,065	3,805	12.4	11.3	13.5
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israel	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,305	570	730	2.4	2.1	2.6
Taiwan	260	100	160	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	145	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japan	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	1,085	405	680	2.0	1.5	2.4
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	3,450	1,650	1,800	6.2	6.1	6.4
Pakistan	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other locations of study in Asia	135	70	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oceania	275	130	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Australia	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,860	44,510	46,350	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,010	30,380	27,630	...	...	...
Employed	53,760	28,335	25,420	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,255	2,045	2,210	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,845	14,130	18,720	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.8	68.3	59.6	63.8	68.3	59.6
Employment rate	59.2	63.7	54.8	59.2	63.7	54.8
Unemployment rate	7.3	6.7	8.0	7.3	6.7	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,855	44,510	46,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,725	14,655	19,070	37.1	32.9	41.1
Worked	57,130	29,855	27,275	62.9	67.1	58.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,875	17,330	12,545	32.9	38.9	27.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,260	12,525	14,730	30.0	28.1	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	42.4	39.9	41.2	42.4	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,010	30,380	27,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	515	560	1.9	1.7	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,940	29,865	27,070	98.2	98.3	98.0
Employee	47,790	23,785	24,005	82.4	78.3	86.9
Permanent position	40,540	20,710	19,835	69.9	68.2	71.8
Temporary position	7,255	3,080	4,175	12.5	10.1	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,160	950	1,210	3.7	3.1	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,095	2,130	2,965	8.8	7.0	10.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,145	6,075	3,065	15.8	20.0	11.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,010	30,380	27,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	515	560	1.9	1.7	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,940	29,865	27,070	98.2	98.3	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	730	590	140	1.3	1.9	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,185	3,145	7,040	17.6	10.4	25.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,830	2,990	840	6.6	9.8	3.0
3 Health occupations	3,725	635	3,095	6.4	2.1	11.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,595	2,165	4,435	11.4	7.1	16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,965	970	995	3.4	3.2	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	14,115	5,940	8,175	24.3	19.6	29.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,560	11,250	1,310	21.7	37.0	4.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,180	825	355	2.0	2.7	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,045	1,360	685	3.5	4.5	2.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,010	30,380	27,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	515	560	1.9	1.7	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	56,940	29,865	27,070	98.2	98.3	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	800	425	375	1.4	1.4	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	115	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	325	210	110	0.6	0.7	0.4
23 Construction	5,440	4,620	820	9.4	15.2	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,930	2,695	1,240	6.8	8.9	4.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,160	1,415	745	3.7	4.7	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	6,550	3,080	3,470	11.3	10.1	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,605	4,240	1,365	9.7	14.0	4.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,315	835	480	2.3	2.7	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	2,400	995	1,410	4.1	3.3	5.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,065	675	395	1.8	2.2	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,555	2,565	1,995	7.9	8.4	7.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	115	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,420	1,425	995	4.2	4.7	3.6
61 Educational services	4,505	1,260	3,240	7.8	4.1	11.7
62 Health care and social assistance	5,955	1,040	4,920	10.3	3.4	17.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,270	690	585	2.2	2.3	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,235	1,040	2,195	5.6	3.4	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,250	1,005	1,245	3.9	3.3	4.5
91 Public administration	2,910	1,510	1,400	5.0	5.0	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,075	32,310	29,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	55,420	28,755	26,665	89.3	89.0	89.6
French	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	1,260	755	500	2.0	2.3	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,260	755	500	2.0	2.3	1.7
English and French	350	110	240	0.6	0.3	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	4,865	2,625	2,235	7.8	8.1	7.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,075	32,310	29,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,820	31,700	29,120	98.0	98.1	97.8
Official languages	58,555	30,335	28,220	94.3	93.9	94.8
English	58,450	30,310	28,140	94.2	93.8	94.5
French	105	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	2,260	1,365	895	3.6	4.2	3.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,260	1,365	895	3.6	4.2	3.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,455	955	500	2.3	3.0	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,420	940	480	2.3	2.9	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	930	475	2.3	2.9	1.6
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,355	905	455	2.2	2.8	1.5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	710	375	335	1.1	1.2	1.1
Chinese languages	700	375	330	1.1	1.2	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	510	270	240	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,255	610	645	2.0	1.9	2.2
English and French	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,200	590	605	1.9	1.8	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,075	32,310	29,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,810	30,055	27,755	93.1	93.0	93.2
English	875	515	360	1.4	1.6	1.2
French	295	100	200	0.5	0.3	0.7
Non-official language	2,410	1,305	1,110	3.9	4.0	3.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,410	1,305	1,110	3.9	4.0	3.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	120	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	535	265	275	0.9	0.8	0.9
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,760	28,335	25,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,440	4,985	5,455	19.4	17.6	21.5
Worked outside Canada	200	120	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
No fixed workplace address	9,210	6,975	2,235	17.1	24.6	8.8
Usual place of work	33,905	16,260	17,645	63.1	57.4	69.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,905	16,260	17,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,095	5,375	6,720	35.7	33.1	38.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,360	10,595	10,760	63.0	65.2	61.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	390	255	135	1.2	1.6	0.8
Commute to a different province or territory	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,115	23,230	19,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,205	20,370	15,830	84.0	87.7	79.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,240	19,065	14,175	77.1	82.1	71.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,960	1,310	1,660	6.9	5.6	8.4
Public transit	4,045	1,555	2,490	9.4	6.7	12.5
Walked	1,565	560	1,005	3.6	2.4	5.1
Bicycle	410	290	120	1.0	1.2	0.6
Other method	890	455	435	2.1	2.0	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,115	23,230	19,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,725	4,185	5,540	22.6	18.0	27.9
15 to 29 minutes	14,195	7,850	6,345	32.9	33.8	31.9
30 to 44 minutes	11,830	6,945	4,890	27.4	29.9	24.6
45 to 59 minutes	4,095	2,515	1,580	9.5	10.8	7.9
60 minutes and over	3,265	1,740	1,530	7.6	7.5	7.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,115	23,230	19,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,480	2,480	1,000	8.1	10.7	5.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,650	4,955	2,695	17.7	21.3	13.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,725	5,100	4,625	22.6	22.0	23.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,305	3,765	4,540	19.3	16.2	22.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,765	2,965	3,795	15.7	12.8	19.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,195	3,975	3,225	16.7	17.1	16.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,935	10,875	10,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205	625	580	5.8	5.7	5.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,730	10,250	9,480	94.2	94.3	94.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,090	8,415	7,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,000	520	475	6.2	6.2	6.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	275	275	3.4	3.3	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	450	245	200	2.8	2.9	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,090	7,895	7,195	93.8	93.8	93.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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