Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Oak Bay, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,990	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	18,094	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.6	...	...	- 0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,168	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,807	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,710.1	...	...	1,710.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10.52	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,990	8,320	9,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,295	1,180	1,115	12.8	14.2	11.5
0 to 4 years	450	240	205	2.5	2.9	2.1
5 to 9 years	840	420	420	4.7	5.0	4.3
10 to 14 years	1,015	525	485	5.6	6.3	5.0
15 to 64 years	9,540	4,375	5,165	53.0	52.6	53.4
15 to 19 years	1,055	485	570	5.9	5.8	5.9
20 to 24 years	930	465	470	5.2	5.6	4.9
25 to 29 years	580	270	315	3.2	3.2	3.3
30 to 34 years	570	275	290	3.2	3.3	3.0
35 to 39 years	660	300	355	3.7	3.6	3.7
40 to 44 years	830	375	455	4.6	4.5	4.7
45 to 49 years	1,035	465	565	5.8	5.6	5.8
50 to 54 years	1,175	545	630	6.5	6.6	6.5
55 to 59 years	1,295	585	710	7.2	7.0	7.3
60 to 64 years	1,405	615	795	7.8	7.4	8.2
65 years and over	6,150	2,760	3,390	34.2	33.2	35.1
65 to 69 years	1,565	700	870	8.7	8.4	9.0
70 to 74 years	1,700	800	900	9.4	9.6	9.3
75 to 79 years	1,205	565	640	6.7	6.8	6.6
80 to 84 years	820	365	450	4.6	4.4	4.7
85 years and over	855	330	525	4.8	4.0	5.4
85 to 89 years	485	215	270	2.7	2.6	2.8
90 to 94 years	270	90	180	1.5	1.1	1.9
95 to 99 years	95	20	75	0.5	0.2	0.8
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.8	14.2	11.5	12.8	14.2	11.5
15 to 64 years	53.0	52.6	53.4	53.0	52.6	53.4
65 years and over	34.2	33.2	35.1	34.2	33.2	35.1
85 years and over	4.8	4.0	5.4	4.8	4.0	5.4
Average age of the population	49.7	48.6	50.7	49.7	48.6	50.7
Median age of the population	54.4	52.8	55.6	54.4	52.8	55.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	4,915	...	...	63.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	100	...	...	1.3	...	...
Row house	110	...	...	1.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	525	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,735	...	...	22.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	410	...	...	5.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,430	...	...	31.1	...	...
2 persons	2,990	...	...	38.3	...	...
3 persons	935	...	...	12.0	...	...
4 persons	1,010	...	...	12.9	...	...
5 or more persons	445	...	...	5.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,640	8,210	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,690	7,135	8,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	9,640	4,785	4,850	61.4	67.1	56.7
Married	8,505	4,220	4,275	54.2	59.1	50.0
Living common-law	1,140	565	570	7.3	7.9	6.7
Living common law - Never married	735	355	370	4.7	5.0	4.3
Living common law - Separated	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	330	170	165	2.1	2.4	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	50	25	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	6,055	2,350	3,700	38.6	32.9	43.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,495	1,675	1,825	22.3	23.5	21.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	305	135	165	1.9	1.9	1.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,205	355	855	7.7	5.0	10.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,045	195	855	6.7	2.7	10.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,075	...	...	58.6	...	...
3 persons	905	...	...	17.2	...	...
4 persons	985	...	...	18.8	...	...
5 or more persons	285	...	...	5.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,700	...	...	89.5	...	...
Married couples	4,135	...	...	78.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,810	...	...	34.5	...	...
Without children	2,325	...	...	44.3	...	...
Common-law couples	570	...	...	10.9	...	...
With children⁶	165	...	...	3.1	...	...
Without children	410	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	550	...	...	10.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	425	...	...	8.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	120	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,640	8,205	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	14,300	7,030	7,270	81.1	85.7	77.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,405	4,685	4,715	53.3	57.1	50.0
Parents in one-parent families	545	120	430	3.1	1.5	4.6
Children⁶	4,345	2,225	2,125	24.6	27.1	22.5
In a two-parent family	3,530	1,815	1,715	20.0	22.1	18.2
In a one-parent family	820	405	410	4.6	4.9	4.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,340	1,175	2,160	18.9	14.3	22.9
Living alone	2,435	775	1,655	13.8	9.4	17.5
Living with other relatives⁷	205	70	135	1.2	0.9	1.4
Living with non-relatives only	705	325	380	4.0	4.0	4.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,765	...	...	61.0	...	...
Couple-family households	4,305	...	...	55.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,785	...	...	22.9	...	...
Without children	2,525	...	...	32.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	460	...	...	5.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	215	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	235	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	2,435	...	...	31.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,345	7,020	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,895	6,815	8,080	97.1	97.1	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	64,500	46,000	52,400	64,500	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,915	6,825	8,085	97.2	97.2	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	55,600	40,800	46,400	55,600	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,225	6,520	7,705	92.7	92.9	92.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	56,800	36,400	44,800	56,800	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,225	4,490	4,740	60.1	64.0	57.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,200	33,200	39,600	49,200	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,340	4,775	6,560	73.9	68.0	78.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	12,800	11,600	12,100	12,800	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	515	210	310	3.4	3.0	3.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,040	5,720	5,400	5,040	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,565	1,140	1,425	16.7	16.2	17.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,345	7,020	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,920	6,830	8,090	97.2	97.3	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	81,000	101,600	63,550	81,000	101,600	63,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,945	6,835	8,100	97.4	97.4	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,100	77,000	51,450	63,100	77,000	51,450
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,250	6,540	7,715	92.9	93.2	92.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	75,800	97,500	57,450	75,800	97,500	57,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,230	4,510	4,715	60.1	64.2	56.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,200	88,700	50,640	69,200	88,700	50,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,295	4,755	6,535	73.6	67.7	78.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,340	11,960	10,880	11,340	11,960	10,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	495	210	285	3.2	3.0	3.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,920	7,000	6,850	6,920	7,000	6,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,410	1,095	1,320	15.7	15.6	15.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,350	8,160	8,520	8,350	8,160	8,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,340	7,020	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,920	2,150	1,765	25.6	30.6	21.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000	98,000	75,500	85,000	98,000	75,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	118,500	142,200	89,600	118,500	142,200	89,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,960	1,695	2,270	25.8	24.1	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	22,000	15,100	17,600	22,000	15,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,280	50,040	31,240	39,280	50,040	31,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.4	91.8	86.2	89.4	91.8	86.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	52.9	57.7	46.4	52.9	57.7	46.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.6	8.2	13.8	10.6	8.2	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.2	1.6	2.9	2.2	1.6	2.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	1.7	1.3	2.2	1.7	1.3	2.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,340	7,025	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	445	205	240	2.9	2.9	2.9
With total income	14,900	6,820	8,080	97.1	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,215	520	700	8.2	7.6	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	1,435	540	895	9.6	7.9	11.1
$20,000 to $29,999	1,875	705	1,170	12.6	10.3	14.5
$30,000 to $39,999	1,340	500	840	9.0	7.3	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	1,250	475	780	8.4	7.0	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,160	470	690	7.8	6.9	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	970	435	530	6.5	6.4	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	890	415	480	6.0	6.1	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	720	360	365	4.8	5.3	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	595	295	300	4.0	4.3	3.7
$100,000 and over	3,440	2,100	1,340	23.1	30.8	16.6
$100,000 to $149,999	1,685	935	750	11.3	13.7	9.3
$150,000 and over	1,755	1,165	590	11.8	17.1	7.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,340	7,025	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	430	195	235	2.8	2.8	2.8
With after-tax income	14,915	6,825	8,090	97.2	97.2	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,365	560	800	9.2	8.2	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,525	565	960	10.2	8.3	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	2,060	790	1,265	13.8	11.6	15.6
$30,000 to $39,999	1,540	590	950	10.3	8.6	11.7
$40,000 to $49,999	1,500	550	955	10.1	8.1	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,265	580	680	8.5	8.5	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,130	545	585	7.6	8.0	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	855	425	435	5.7	6.2	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	720	390	330	4.8	5.7	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	525	280	250	3.5	4.1	3.1
$100,000 and over	2,430	1,560	875	16.3	22.9	10.8
$100,000 to $124,999	910	545	370	6.1	8.0	4.6
$125,000 and over	1,515	1,010	510	10.2	14.8	6.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,340	7,025	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,115	2,535	3,585	39.9	36.1	43.1
With employment income	9,230	4,485	4,740	60.2	63.8	57.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,715	790	920	18.6	17.6	19.4
$5,000 to $9,999	715	305	415	7.7	6.8	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	975	425	550	10.6	9.5	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	655	305	350	7.1	6.8	7.4
$30,000 to $39,999	575	245	335	6.2	5.5	7.1
$40,000 to $49,999	470	190	285	5.1	4.2	6.0
$50,000 to $59,999	510	205	300	5.5	4.6	6.3
$60,000 to $69,999	450	210	240	4.9	4.7	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	445	180	265	4.8	4.0	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	400	185	210	4.3	4.1	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	370	175	195	4.0	3.9	4.1
$100,000 and over	1,945	1,270	680	21.1	28.3	14.3
$100,000 to $124,999	610	335	270	6.6	7.5	5.7
$125,000 and over	1,340	930	405	14.5	20.7	8.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,345	7,020	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,515	6,625	7,885	94.6	94.4	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	66,000	44,800	52,400	66,000	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,540	6,635	7,910	94.8	94.5	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	57,200	38,800	45,600	57,200	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,970	6,390	7,575	91.0	91.0	91.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	59,200	37,600	46,400	59,200	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,765	4,700	5,060	63.6	67.0	60.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	46,800	31,000	36,400	46,800	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,560	3,900	5,660	62.3	55.6	68.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800	12,600	9,700	10,800	12,600	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	375	150	225	2.4	2.1	2.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,760	5,640	5,400	4,760	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,345	7,020	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,590	6,680	7,910	95.1	95.2	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	82,100	104,400	63,200	82,100	104,400	63,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,615	6,690	7,925	95.2	95.3	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,600	79,100	50,520	63,600	79,100	50,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,040	6,455	7,590	91.5	92.0	91.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,500	101,500	58,850	78,500	101,500	58,850
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,850	4,795	5,065	64.2	68.3	60.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,700	82,000	46,360	63,700	82,000	46,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,590	3,930	5,660	62.5	56.0	68.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,980	10,700	9,490	9,980	10,700	9,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360	160	200	2.3	2.3	2.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,360	6,300	10,000	8,360	6,300	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,340	7,020	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,895	2,125	1,765	25.4	30.3	21.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	96,000	68,000	82,000	96,000	68,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	110,900	134,400	82,800	110,900	134,400	82,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,775	1,600	2,170	24.6	22.8	26.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	26,600	19,000	21,800	26,600	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,480	57,400	33,200	43,480	57,400	33,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.0	89.2	92.0	94.0	89.2
Employment income (%)	52.4	56.4	47.0	52.4	56.4	47.0
Government transfers (%)	8.0	6.0	10.7	8.0	6.0	10.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	49,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,375	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	154,800	...	...	154,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	120,800	...	...	120,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	69,100	...	...	69,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,650	...	...	56,650	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	193,600	...	...	193,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	300	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	230	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	175	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	215	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	215	...	...	2.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	205	...	...	2.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	435	...	...	5.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	405	...	...	5.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	400	...	...	5.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	385	...	...	4.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	385	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,160	...	...	53.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	790	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	625	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	945	...	...	12.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,805	...	...	23.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	315	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	260	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	195	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	270	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	240	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	275	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	505	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	470	...	...	6.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	455	...	...	5.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	445	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	410	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,630	...	...	46.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	830	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	715	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,080	...	...	26.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,200	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	202,000	...	...	202,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,140	1,105	2,035	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	42,000	44,800	44,000	42,000	44,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	37,600	40,800	39,600	37,600	40,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	194,400	...	...	194,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	149,800	...	...	149,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	167,200	...	...	167,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...	132,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	246,800	...	...	246,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	183,400	...	...	183,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...	124,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,800	...	...	102,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,210	1,160	2,050	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,050	57,300	66,300	63,050	57,300	66,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,100	47,600	54,650	52,100	47,600	54,650
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,640	8,210	9,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,940	1,480	1,465	16.7	18.0	15.5
0 to 5 years	585	305	275	3.3	3.7	2.9
18 to 64 years	8,880	4,070	4,805	50.3	49.6	51.0
65 years and over	5,820	2,655	3,165	33.0	32.3	33.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,400	595	805	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	250	135	115	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	60	25	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	690	290	395	...	...	...
65 years and over	460	170	290	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.0	7.3	8.5	8.0	7.3	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.5	9.0	7.9	8.5	9.0	7.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	8.0	12.0	10.0	8.0	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.1	8.3	7.7	7.1	8.3
65 years and over (%)	8.0	6.6	9.2	8.0	6.6	9.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,640	8,205	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,940	1,480	1,460	16.7	18.0	15.5
0 to 5 years	580	310	275	3.3	3.8	2.9
18 to 64 years	8,875	4,075	4,805	50.3	49.7	50.9
65 years and over	5,825	2,655	3,165	33.0	32.4	33.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	810	370	435	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	195	100	90	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	20	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	520	235	285	...	...	...
65 years and over	95	40	50	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	6.9	6.4	6.7	6.9	6.4
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	5.0	7.0	6.0	5.0	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	5.7	6.0	5.8	5.7	6.0
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,640	8,210	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	5,290	2,270	3,020	30.0	27.6	32.0
In bottom decile	1,425	625	795	8.1	7.6	8.4
In second decile	1,005	400	605	5.7	4.9	6.4
In third decile	890	385	510	5.0	4.7	5.4
In fourth decile	870	370	500	4.9	4.5	5.3
In fifth decile	1,100	490	610	6.2	6.0	6.5
In top half of the distribution	12,350	5,935	6,415	70.0	72.3	68.0
In sixth decile	1,255	565	695	7.1	6.9	7.4
In seventh decile	1,500	690	810	8.5	8.4	8.6
In eighth decile	1,995	965	1,030	11.3	11.8	10.9
In ninth decile	2,535	1,250	1,290	14.4	15.2	13.7
In top decile	5,065	2,465	2,600	28.7	30.0	27.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,640	...	...	17,640	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.416	...	...	0.416	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.480	...	...	0.480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.354	...	...	0.354	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,990	8,320	9,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	15,115	7,090	8,025	84.0	85.2	83.0
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,780	1,190	1,590	15.5	14.3	16.4
Neither English nor French	95	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,990	8,320	9,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	17,580	8,150	9,430	97.7	98.0	97.5
French	255	105	150	1.4	1.3	1.6
English and French	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	95	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,990	8,320	9,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,630	8,175	9,455	98.0	98.3	97.8
Official languages	15,695	7,355	8,340	87.2	88.4	86.2
English	15,435	7,245	8,190	85.8	87.1	84.7
French	255	110	150	1.4	1.3	1.6
Non-official languages	1,935	820	1,115	10.8	9.9	11.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,935	820	1,115	10.8	9.9	11.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	5	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	30	65	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,030	470	565	5.7	5.6	5.8
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	210	85	125	1.2	1.0	1.3
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	205	80	125	1.1	1.0	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Polish	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	55	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	405	180	220	2.3	2.2	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	255	115	140	1.4	1.4	1.4
German	245	115	135	1.4	1.4	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	50	0.6	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	180	85	95	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	115	55	60	0.6	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Urdu	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	90	105	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	115	45	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	20	60	0.4	0.2	0.6
Korean	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	215	305	2.9	2.6	3.2
Chinese languages	500	205	300	2.8	2.5	3.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	345	125	215	1.9	1.5	2.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	70	65	0.8	0.8	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Finnish	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	360	145	215	2.0	1.7	2.2
English and French	95	40	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	210	90	125	1.2	1.1	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,990	8,320	9,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,945	7,455	8,490	88.6	89.6	87.8
French	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	355	150	205	2.0	1.8	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	355	150	205	2.0	1.8	2.1
English and French	255	110	145	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,265	545	720	7.0	6.6	7.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	30	55	0.4	0.4	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,990	8,320	9,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,765	8,225	9,545	98.7	98.9	98.7
Official languages	17,045	7,915	9,125	94.7	95.1	94.4
English	16,960	7,880	9,080	94.3	94.7	93.9
French	85	35	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	725	310	415	4.0	3.7	4.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	730	310	415	4.1	3.7	4.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	260	115	145	1.4	1.4	1.5
Albanian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Russian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	320	125	195	1.8	1.5	2.0
Chinese languages	315	125	185	1.8	1.5	1.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	255	100	155	1.4	1.2	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	225	100	125	1.3	1.2	1.3
English and French	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	185	75	110	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,990	8,325	9,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	16,535	7,705	8,825	91.9	92.6	91.3
English	330	145	185	1.8	1.7	1.9
French	205	80	125	1.1	1.0	1.3
Non-official language	755	320	430	4.2	3.8	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	755	320	430	4.2	3.8	4.4
English and French	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,640	8,210	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	17,510	8,150	9,360	99.3	99.3	99.2
English	17,510	8,150	9,360	99.3	99.3	99.2
French	2,750	1,170	1,580	15.6	14.3	16.7
Non-official languages	3,310	1,360	1,955	18.8	16.6	20.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,310	1,360	1,955	18.8	16.6	20.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	50	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	50	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arabic	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	155	55	95	0.9	0.7	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	45	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,085	865	1,220	11.8	10.5	12.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	320	120	195	1.8	1.5	2.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	320	120	195	1.8	1.5	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	30	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	160	65	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	735	305	430	4.2	3.7	4.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	520	225	290	2.9	2.7	3.1
German	515	225	290	2.9	2.7	3.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	55	90	0.8	0.7	1.0
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dutch	90	20	65	0.5	0.2	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	40	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
Danish	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	235	115	125	1.3	1.4	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	190	85	105	1.1	1.0	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hindi	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	70	50	0.7	0.9	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	900	375	525	5.1	4.6	5.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	170	50	125	1.0	0.6	1.3
Portuguese	60	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	725	320	405	4.1	3.9	4.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	50	110	0.9	0.6	1.2
Korean	40	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	700	300	400	4.0	3.7	4.2
Chinese languages	690	295	400	3.9	3.6	4.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	570	225	345	3.2	2.7	3.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	190	105	90	1.1	1.3	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	30	65	0.5	0.4	0.7
Estonian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hungarian	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,640	8,210	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	345	175	165	2.0	2.1	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	320	175	150	1.8	2.1	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	170	95	75	1.0	1.2	0.8
Métis	150	75	75	0.9	0.9	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	17,295	8,030	9,265	98.0	97.8	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,640	8,210	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	90	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,550	8,165	9,380	99.5	99.5	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	5,820	...	...	74.5	...	...
Renter	1,990	...	...	25.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	900	...	...	11.5	...	...
Not condominium	6,910	...	...	88.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	1,175	...	...	15.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,800	...	...	23.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,880	...	...	24.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,865	...	...	36.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,850	...	...	23.7	...	...
5 rooms	885	...	...	11.3	...	...
6 rooms	750	...	...	9.6	...	...
7 rooms	960	...	...	12.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,365	...	...	43.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,770	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	7,675	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	140	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,610	...	...	59.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,885	...	...	24.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	480	...	...	6.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	225	...	...	2.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	95	...	...	1.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	90	...	...	1.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	160	...	...	2.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	255	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,365	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	445	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,840	...	...	49.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,700	...	...	47.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	265	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	125	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	420	...	...	5.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	745	...	...	9.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,205	...	...	15.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,530	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,010	...	...	25.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,230	...	...	15.7	...	...
85 years and over	540	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,970	...	...	76.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,810	...	...	23.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,550	...	...	19.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,235	...	...	28.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,665	...	...	21.3	...	...
Not suitable only	95	...	...	1.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	330	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,570	...	...	71.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	735	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	6,785	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,815	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	42.1	...	...	42.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.8	...	...	15.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,034	...	...	2,034	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,400,000	...	...	1,400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,640,000	...	...	1,640,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,990	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.3	...	...	13.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.9	...	...	44.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.5	...	...	25.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,606	...	...	1,606	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,640	8,205	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	395	220	180	2.2	2.7	1.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	395	220	180	2.2	2.7	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255	155	100	1.4	1.9	1.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	60	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	17,195	7,965	9,230	97.5	97.1	97.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,640	8,205	9,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,550	7,735	8,815	93.8	94.3	93.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,770	1,405	1,365	15.7	17.1	14.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,775	6,330	7,450	78.1	77.1	79.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,090	475	615	6.2	5.8	6.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,640	8,205	9,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	13,465	6,390	7,075	76.3	77.9	75.0
Immigrants⁸¹	3,855	1,685	2,175	21.9	20.5	23.1
Before 1980	1,890	830	1,060	10.7	10.1	11.2
1980 to 1990	485	185	300	2.7	2.3	3.2
1991 to 2000	385	170	215	2.2	2.1	2.3
2001 to 2010	550	230	320	3.1	2.8	3.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	555	275	280	3.1	3.4	3.0
2011 to 2015	140	85	55	0.8	1.0	0.6
2016 to 2021	410	190	220	2.3	2.3	2.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	320	130	185	1.8	1.6	2.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,855	1,685	2,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	385	155	230	10.0	9.2	10.6
5 to 14 years	660	310	345	17.1	18.4	15.9
15 to 24 years	800	335	470	20.8	19.9	21.6
25 to 44 years	1,605	705	900	41.6	41.8	41.4
45 years and over	405	185	220	10.5	11.0	10.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,855	1,685	2,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	675	280	400	17.5	16.6	18.4
Brazil	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Mexico	25	10	15	0.6	0.6	0.7
Peru	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
United States of America	515	200	315	13.4	11.9	14.5
Other places of birth in Americas	55	25	30	1.4	1.5	1.4
Europe	2,035	890	1,145	52.8	52.8	52.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	10	0.3	0.6	0.5
France	60	10	45	1.6	0.6	2.1
Germany	155	80	70	4.0	4.7	3.2
Greece	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Hungary	40	10	30	1.0	0.6	1.4
Italy	20	10	15	0.5	0.6	0.7
Netherlands	80	45	40	2.1	2.7	1.8
Poland	50	10	35	1.3	0.6	1.6
Portugal	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	55	25	25	1.4	1.5	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,265	565	695	32.8	33.5	32.0
Other places of birth in Europe	245	105	145	6.4	6.2	6.7
Africa	175	70	110	4.5	4.2	5.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	85	30	55	2.2	1.8	2.5
Other places of birth in Africa	60	25	35	1.6	1.5	1.6
Asia	865	355	510	22.4	21.1	23.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	0.9	0.9	0.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
China⁹⁰	270	115	160	7.0	6.8	7.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	35	25	1.7	2.1	1.1
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	25	0.8	0.6	1.1
Taiwan	70	25	40	1.8	1.5	1.8
Philippines	75	30	45	1.9	1.8	2.1
Viet Nam	30	0	20	0.8	0.0	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	70	35	30	1.8	2.1	1.4
Pakistan	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	175	70	105	4.5	4.2	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	85	10	2.5	5.0	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	410	190	220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	95	50	45	23.2	26.3	20.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	75	35	40	18.3	18.4	18.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	70	30	35	17.1	15.8	15.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	2.4	0.0	4.5
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	15	9.8	10.5	6.8
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	10	0	0	2.4	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	2.4	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	220	90	130	53.7	47.4	59.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	25	50	18.3	13.2	22.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	15	4.9	5.3	6.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	20	35	14.6	10.5	15.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0	4.9	10.5	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	2.4	5.3	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	2.4	5.3	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,640	8,210	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,695	2,045	2,650	26.6	24.9	28.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,365	2,065	2,305	24.7	25.2	24.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	8,575	4,095	4,480	48.6	49.9	47.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,965	855	1,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,065	515	545	54.2	60.2	48.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	490	270	220	24.9	31.6	19.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	570	245	325	29.0	28.7	29.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	785	300	485	39.9	35.1	43.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	105	35	70	5.3	4.1	6.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,965	855	1,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	0	35	1.8	0.0	3.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	340	165	175	17.3	19.3	15.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	115	35	85	5.9	4.1	7.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	50	70	6.1	5.8	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10	0.8	1.2	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,335	595	740	67.9	69.6	66.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,640	8,210	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,260	1,000	1,260	12.8	12.2	13.4
South Asian	370	175	195	2.1	2.1	2.1
Chinese	900	385	510	5.1	4.7	5.4
Black	100	75	30	0.6	0.9	0.3
Filipino	155	65	90	0.9	0.8	1.0
Arab	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	120	45	75	0.7	0.5	0.8
Southeast Asian	95	40	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
West Asian	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	65	10	50	0.4	0.1	0.5
Japanese	145	55	90	0.8	0.7	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	135	60	75	0.8	0.7	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,385	7,210	8,175	87.2	87.8	86.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,640	8,205	9,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,615	800	820	9.2	9.8	8.7
English	6,565	3,130	3,435	37.2	38.1	36.4
Irish	3,295	1,435	1,855	18.7	17.5	19.7
Scottish	4,700	2,195	2,500	26.6	26.8	26.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,290	570	725	7.3	6.9	7.7
German	2,110	945	1,165	12.0	11.5	12.4
Chinese	925	420	505	5.2	5.1	5.4
Italian	590	310	285	3.3	3.8	3.0
Indian (India)	240	120	120	1.4	1.5	1.3
Ukrainian	790	345	445	4.5	4.2	4.7
Dutch	820	405	420	4.6	4.9	4.5
Polish	610	255	355	3.5	3.1	3.8
Québécois	40	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,480	690	795	8.4	8.4	8.4
Filipino	160	65	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
French Canadian	160	95	70	0.9	1.2	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	295	110	185	1.7	1.3	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	115	70	45	0.7	0.9	0.5
Métis	170	75	90	1.0	0.9	1.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	530	290	245	3.0	3.5	2.6
Russian	290	135	155	1.6	1.6	1.6
Norwegian	760	365	395	4.3	4.4	4.2
Welsh	635	285	350	3.6	3.5	3.7
Portuguese	95	50	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
American	425	195	230	2.4	2.4	2.4
Spanish	215	95	115	1.2	1.2	1.2
Swedish	630	305	325	3.6	3.7	3.4
Hungarian	210	115	90	1.2	1.4	1.0
Acadian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Pakistani	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jewish	285	140	145	1.6	1.7	1.5
Punjabi	45	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Greek	195	100	95	1.1	1.2	1.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	20	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Korean	95	30	70	0.5	0.4	0.7
Romanian	130	70	50	0.7	0.9	0.5
Lebanese	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian	60	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	315	140	180	1.8	1.7	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	50	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Austrian	235	110	120	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belgian	120	55	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	105	30	75	0.6	0.4	0.8
Mennonite	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Swiss	155	75	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
Finnish	170	65	105	1.0	0.8	1.1
Sri Lankan	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Croatian	80	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Japanese	155	55	100	0.9	0.7	1.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	205	80	125	1.2	1.0	1.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	100	50	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syrian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	45	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	40	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	45	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	70	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	95	60	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
South African	90	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Australian	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	50	10	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	30	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,640	8,210	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	170	60	110	1.0	0.7	1.2
Christian	6,430	2,720	3,705	36.5	33.1	39.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,140	470	675	6.5	5.7	7.2
Anabaptist	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	1,435	615	820	8.1	7.5	8.7
Baptist	205	95	110	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catholic	1,745	780	970	9.9	9.5	10.3
Christian Orthodox	140	70	70	0.8	0.9	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	220	80	140	1.2	1.0	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	55	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Presbyterian	190	85	105	1.1	1.0	1.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	855	340	515	4.8	4.1	5.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	350	140	215	2.0	1.7	2.3
Hindu	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jewish	260	130	120	1.5	1.6	1.3
Muslim	85	35	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sikh	120	60	60	0.7	0.7	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	280	110	165	1.6	1.3	1.7
No religion and secular perspectives	10,250	5,060	5,190	58.1	61.6	55.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,540	8,160	9,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	15,465	7,175	8,290	88.2	87.9	88.4
Movers	2,080	990	1,085	11.9	12.1	11.6
Non-migrants	1,205	600	605	6.9	7.4	6.5
Migrants	875	390	480	5.0	4.8	5.1
Internal migrants	680	285	400	3.9	3.5	4.3
Intraprovincial migrants	425	155	270	2.4	1.9	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	260	130	130	1.5	1.6	1.4
External migrants	200	110	85	1.1	1.3	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	17,130	7,915	9,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	10,995	5,120	5,880	64.2	64.7	63.8
Movers	6,135	2,795	3,340	35.8	35.3	36.2
Non-migrants	1,165	555	615	6.8	7.0	6.7
Migrants	4,970	2,240	2,730	29.0	28.3	29.6
Internal migrants	4,180	1,865	2,305	24.4	23.6	25.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,295	1,475	1,825	19.2	18.6	19.8
Interprovincial migrants	880	390	490	5.1	4.9	5.3
External migrants	795	375	420	4.6	4.7	4.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,340	7,020	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,215	600	615	7.9	8.5	7.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,130	6,420	7,705	92.1	91.5	92.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,605	3,420	4,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	245	145	100	3.2	4.2	2.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,360	3,275	4,085	96.8	95.8	97.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,345	7,025	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,115	550	570	7.3	7.8	6.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,020	1,275	1,740	19.7	18.1	20.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,210	5,195	6,010	73.1	74.0	72.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,065	1,320	1,740	20.0	18.8	20.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	585	400	185	3.8	5.7	2.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	260	110	150	1.7	1.6	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	330	285	40	2.2	4.1	0.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,995	740	1,255	13.0	10.5	15.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	480	185	300	3.1	2.6	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,145	3,875	4,270	53.1	55.2	51.3
Bachelor's degree	4,175	1,820	2,350	27.2	25.9	28.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	575	275	300	3.7	3.9	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	295	185	3.1	4.2	2.2
Master's degree	2,225	1,025	1,200	14.5	14.6	14.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	695	465	230	4.5	6.6	2.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,605	3,420	4,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	205	135	75	2.7	3.9	1.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	965	415	545	12.7	12.1	13.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,435	2,870	3,560	84.6	83.9	85.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,560	710	855	20.5	20.8	20.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	315	225	90	4.1	6.6	2.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	150	80	70	2.0	2.3	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	165	140	25	2.2	4.1	0.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,010	385	625	13.3	11.3	14.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	235	100	135	3.1	2.9	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,870	2,165	2,705	64.0	63.3	64.6
Bachelor's degree	2,545	1,070	1,475	33.5	31.3	35.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	290	135	155	3.8	3.9	3.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	175	160	4.4	5.1	3.8
Master's degree	1,405	610	800	18.5	17.8	19.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	300	175	125	3.9	5.1	3.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,345	7,025	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,135	1,825	2,310	26.9	26.0	27.8
Education	1,135	290	845	7.4	4.1	10.2
13. Education	1,135	290	845	7.4	4.1	10.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	600	235	365	3.9	3.3	4.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	35	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	565	200	365	3.7	2.8	4.4
Humanities	900	340	565	5.9	4.8	6.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	35	115	0.9	0.5	1.4
23. English language and literature/letters	245	80	165	1.6	1.1	2.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170	55	110	1.1	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	50	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
54. History	175	80	95	1.1	1.1	1.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,965	865	1,100	12.8	12.3	13.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	50	85	0.9	0.7	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	140	15	125	0.9	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	410	230	175	2.7	3.3	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	20	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
42. Psychology	355	115	240	2.3	1.6	2.9
45. Social sciences	835	430	405	5.4	6.1	4.9
Business, management and public administration	1,990	995	995	13.0	14.2	12.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	275	75	200	1.8	1.1	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,715	920	795	11.2	13.1	9.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	740	425	310	4.8	6.0	3.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	315	170	145	2.1	2.4	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	50	75	0.8	0.7	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	260	185	75	1.7	2.6	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	390	245	145	2.5	3.5	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	240	175	65	1.6	2.5	0.8
25. Library science	65	10	55	0.4	0.1	0.7
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	60	20	0.5	0.9	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,075	960	115	7.0	13.7	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	140	90	50	0.9	1.3	0.6
14. Engineering	470	425	45	3.1	6.0	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	175	155	20	1.1	2.2	0.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	175	175	0	1.1	2.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	75	65	10	0.5	0.9	0.1
48. Precision production	45	45	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	280	140	135	1.8	2.0	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	140	65	75	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	80	65	0.9	1.1	0.8
Health and related fields	1,825	535	1,290	11.9	7.6	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	70	60	0.9	1.0	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,440	310	1,130	9.4	4.4	13.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	245	145	95	1.6	2.1	1.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	305	165	140	2.0	2.3	1.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	150	45	105	1.0	0.6	1.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	55	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	55	15	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,605	3,425	4,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,170	550	625	15.4	16.1	15.0
Education	455	95	360	6.0	2.8	8.6
13. Education	455	95	360	6.0	2.8	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	370	150	225	4.9	4.4	5.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	25	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	350	125	225	4.6	3.6	5.4
Humanities	475	175	300	6.2	5.1	7.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	20	80	1.2	0.6	1.9
23. English language and literature/letters	105	25	75	1.4	0.7	1.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	40	60	1.2	1.2	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	40	0	0.5	1.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	90	40	45	1.2	1.2	1.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,195	455	740	15.7	13.3	17.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	40	75	1.5	1.2	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	90	10	75	1.2	0.3	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	240	120	120	3.2	3.5	2.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	35	0.8	0.6	0.8
42. Psychology	185	40	155	2.4	1.2	3.7
45. Social sciences	490	230	265	6.4	6.7	6.3
Business, management and public administration	1,205	610	595	15.8	17.8	14.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	40	95	1.8	1.2	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,065	570	495	14.0	16.6	11.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	400	210	190	5.3	6.1	4.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	85	90	2.3	2.5	2.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	30	40	0.9	0.9	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	135	80	60	1.8	2.3	1.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	250	170	80	3.3	5.0	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	185	135	50	2.4	3.9	1.2
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	10	0.6	0.9	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	630	560	60	8.3	16.4	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	80	50	30	1.1	1.5	0.7
14. Engineering	275	255	20	3.6	7.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	70	60	10	0.9	1.8	0.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	115	115	0	1.5	3.4	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	45	40	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
48. Precision production	30	30	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	185	75	105	2.4	2.2	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	30	50	1.1	0.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	45	55	1.4	1.3	1.3
Health and related fields	1,105	290	815	14.5	8.5	19.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	40	55	1.2	1.2	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	850	160	685	11.2	4.7	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	90	75	2.2	2.6	1.8
Personal, protective and transportation services	170	75	90	2.2	2.2	2.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	75	15	65	1.0	0.4	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	50	30	20	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	35	10	0.6	1.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	7,605	3,425	4,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,170	550	625	15.4	16.1	15.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,435	2,875	3,560	84.6	83.9	85.2
Location of study inside Canada	5,145	2,290	2,855	67.7	66.9	68.3
Same as province or territory of residence	3,615	1,570	2,045	47.5	45.8	48.9
Different than province or territory of residence	1,530	720	810	20.1	21.0	19.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,290	585	705	17.0	17.1	16.9
Americas	385	160	220	5.1	4.7	5.3
United States of America	335	145	195	4.4	4.2	4.7
Mexico	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	505	245	260	6.6	7.2	6.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Germany	35	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.2
Netherlands	25	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	290	145	150	3.8	4.2	3.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	30	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Africa	40	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	15	0.4	0.6	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	315	115	195	4.1	3.4	4.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	60	80	1.9	1.8	1.9
Taiwan	25	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Philippines	65	20	45	0.9	0.6	1.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Oceania	50	40	15	0.7	1.2	0.4
Australia	25	20	10	0.3	0.6	0.2
New Zealand	25	20	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,345	7,025	8,320	...	...	...
In the labour force	8,170	4,125	4,040	...	...	...
Employed	7,595	3,835	3,765	...	...	...
Unemployed	575	295	280	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	7,175	2,900	4,275	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.2	58.7	48.6	53.2	58.7	48.6
Employment rate	49.5	54.6	45.3	49.5	54.6	45.3
Unemployment rate	7.0	7.2	6.9	7.0	7.2	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,345	7,025	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,820	2,835	3,985	44.4	40.4	47.9
Worked	8,525	4,185	4,340	55.6	59.6	52.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,130	2,285	1,845	26.9	32.5	22.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,395	1,900	2,490	28.6	27.0	29.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.6	39.6	40.6	41.6	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	8,170	4,125	4,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110	60	55	1.3	1.5	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	8,055	4,070	3,990	98.6	98.7	98.6
Employee	5,930	2,795	3,135	72.6	67.8	77.5
Permanent position	4,665	2,260	2,410	57.1	54.8	59.6
Temporary position	1,260	535	725	15.4	13.0	17.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	330	150	185	4.0	3.6	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	925	385	540	11.3	9.3	13.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,130	1,275	855	26.1	30.9	21.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	8,170	4,125	4,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110	60	55	1.3	1.5	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	8,055	4,070	3,990	98.6	98.7	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	360	220	135	4.4	5.3	3.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,620	675	950	19.8	16.4	23.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	765	555	210	9.4	13.5	5.2
3 Health occupations	975	320	660	11.9	7.8	16.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,405	580	825	17.2	14.1	20.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	415	145	265	5.1	3.5	6.6
6 Sales and service occupations	1,640	790	850	20.1	19.2	21.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	705	630	70	8.6	15.3	1.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	135	105	30	1.7	2.5	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	45	45	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	8,170	4,125	4,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110	60	55	1.3	1.5	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	8,055	4,070	3,990	98.6	98.7	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65	40	25	0.8	1.0	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	20	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
22 Utilities	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
23 Construction	445	365	75	5.4	8.8	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	175	150	25	2.1	3.6	0.6
41 Wholesale trade	105	70	40	1.3	1.7	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	720	335	385	8.8	8.1	9.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	125	120	0	1.5	2.9	0.0
51 Information and cultural industries	185	105	80	2.3	2.5	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	335	225	110	4.1	5.5	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	335	205	135	4.1	5.0	3.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,085	720	360	13.3	17.5	8.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	265	165	100	3.2	4.0	2.5
61 Educational services	900	320	580	11.0	7.8	14.3
62 Health care and social assistance	1,350	385	970	16.5	9.3	24.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	265	110	160	3.2	2.7	4.0
72 Accommodation and food services	445	185	260	5.4	4.5	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	255	80	175	3.1	1.9	4.3
91 Public administration	955	465	495	11.7	11.3	12.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,130	4,475	4,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,705	4,275	4,430	95.3	95.5	95.1
French	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	50	25	25	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	25	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	140	75	65	1.5	1.7	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	190	80	105	2.1	1.8	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,130	4,475	4,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,080	4,450	4,630	99.5	99.4	99.4
Official languages	9,000	4,410	4,595	98.6	98.5	98.6
English	8,975	4,400	4,575	98.3	98.3	98.2
French	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
Non-official languages	85	40	35	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	40	35	0.9	0.9	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
German	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	50	25	25	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	25	15	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,130	4,475	4,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	8,805	4,320	4,485	96.4	96.5	96.2
English	35	25	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
French	110	60	50	1.2	1.3	1.1
Non-official language	125	55	75	1.4	1.2	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	55	75	1.4	1.2	1.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,595	3,830	3,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,855	1,435	1,420	37.6	37.5	37.8
Worked outside Canada	35	35	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
No fixed workplace address	670	470	200	8.8	12.3	5.3
Usual place of work	4,030	1,890	2,140	53.1	49.3	56.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,030	1,895	2,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	710	270	440	17.6	14.2	20.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,210	1,565	1,645	79.7	82.6	76.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	90	45	40	2.2	2.4	1.9
Commute to a different province or territory	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,700	2,360	2,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	3,270	1,670	1,595	69.6	70.8	68.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,000	1,555	1,445	63.8	65.9	61.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	270	115	150	5.7	4.9	6.4
Public transit	270	95	175	5.7	4.0	7.5
Walked	455	120	335	9.7	5.1	14.3
Bicycle	530	365	165	11.3	15.5	7.1
Other method	175	115	65	3.7	4.9	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,700	2,360	2,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,820	810	1,015	38.7	34.3	43.4
15 to 29 minutes	2,000	1,015	990	42.6	43.0	42.3
30 to 44 minutes	640	390	250	13.6	16.5	10.7
45 to 59 minutes	105	55	50	2.2	2.3	2.1
60 minutes and over	130	95	35	2.8	4.0	1.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,700	2,360	2,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	135	75	60	2.9	3.2	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	415	270	150	8.8	11.4	6.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,270	685	585	27.0	29.0	25.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,500	710	795	31.9	30.1	34.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	775	345	430	16.5	14.6	18.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	605	275	330	12.9	11.7	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,020	1,510	1,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240	115	125	7.9	7.6	8.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,780	1,395	1,380	92.1	92.4	91.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,525	1,245	1,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	215	105	110	8.5	8.4	8.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80	30	45	3.2	2.4	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	70	70	5.5	5.6	5.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,305	1,140	1,170	91.3	91.6	91.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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