Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prince George, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	76,708	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	74,003	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	33,643	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	31,793	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	242.2	...	...	242.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	316.74	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	76,710	38,215	38,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,955	6,670	6,285	16.9	17.5	16.3
0 to 4 years	3,850	1,940	1,905	5.0	5.1	4.9
5 to 9 years	4,415	2,300	2,120	5.8	6.0	5.5
10 to 14 years	4,695	2,435	2,265	6.1	6.4	5.9
15 to 64 years	51,365	25,770	25,590	67.0	67.4	66.5
15 to 19 years	4,475	2,330	2,150	5.8	6.1	5.6
20 to 24 years	5,345	2,735	2,610	7.0	7.2	6.8
25 to 29 years	5,895	3,045	2,855	7.7	8.0	7.4
30 to 34 years	5,665	2,900	2,770	7.4	7.6	7.2
35 to 39 years	5,470	2,715	2,760	7.1	7.1	7.2
40 to 44 years	4,705	2,330	2,375	6.1	6.1	6.2
45 to 49 years	4,755	2,350	2,400	6.2	6.1	6.2
50 to 54 years	4,820	2,365	2,455	6.3	6.2	6.4
55 to 59 years	5,190	2,525	2,670	6.8	6.6	6.9
60 to 64 years	5,035	2,480	2,555	6.6	6.5	6.6
65 years and over	12,390	5,775	6,615	16.2	15.1	17.2
65 to 69 years	4,175	2,005	2,170	5.4	5.2	5.6
70 to 74 years	3,360	1,605	1,760	4.4	4.2	4.6
75 to 79 years	2,315	1,095	1,220	3.0	2.9	3.2
80 to 84 years	1,410	635	775	1.8	1.7	2.0
85 years and over	1,130	430	695	1.5	1.1	1.8
85 to 89 years	745	300	445	1.0	0.8	1.2
90 to 94 years	305	115	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.5	16.3	16.9	17.5	16.3
15 to 64 years	67.0	67.4	66.5	67.0	67.4	66.5
65 years and over	16.2	15.1	17.2	16.2	15.1	17.2
85 years and over	1.5	1.1	1.8	1.5	1.1	1.8
Average age of the population	40.0	39.2	40.7	40.0	39.2	40.7
Median age of the population	38.8	37.6	39.6	38.8	37.6	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	31,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,470	...	...	58.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,295	...	...	4.1	...	...
Row house	1,845	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,470	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,740	...	...	14.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	575	...	...	1.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,375	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	31,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,420	...	...	29.6	...	...
2 persons	11,210	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	4,815	...	...	15.1	...	...
4 persons	4,060	...	...	12.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,290	...	...	7.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	75,160	37,315	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	63,750	31,540	32,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	34,490	17,215	17,275	54.1	54.6	53.6
Married	26,285	13,115	13,170	41.2	41.6	40.9
Living common-law	8,205	4,095	4,105	12.9	13.0	12.7
Living common law - Never married	6,230	3,115	3,110	9.8	9.9	9.7
Living common law - Separated	455	235	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,360	685	670	2.1	2.2	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	170	65	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	29,260	14,330	14,935	45.9	45.4	46.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,555	10,925	8,630	30.7	34.6	26.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,170	925	1,245	3.4	2.9	3.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,120	1,700	2,420	6.5	5.4	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,415	780	2,640	5.4	2.5	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	20,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,460	...	...	54.8	...	...
3 persons	4,285	...	...	20.5	...	...
4 persons	3,700	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,480	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	20,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,890	...	...	80.7	...	...
Married couples	12,790	...	...	61.1	...	...
With children⁶	6,300	...	...	30.1	...	...
Without children	6,490	...	...	31.0	...	...
Common-law couples	4,100	...	...	19.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,580	...	...	7.6	...	...
Without children	2,525	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,035	...	...	19.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,085	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	955	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	75,160	37,315	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	58,495	28,870	29,620	77.8	77.4	78.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	33,780	16,860	16,920	44.9	45.2	44.7
Parents in one-parent families	4,035	950	3,080	5.4	2.5	8.1
Children⁶	20,675	11,055	9,620	27.5	29.6	25.4
In a two-parent family	14,440	7,660	6,780	19.2	20.5	17.9
In a one-parent family	6,235	3,395	2,840	8.3	9.1	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,665	8,440	8,225	22.2	22.6	21.7
Living alone	9,420	4,585	4,835	12.5	12.3	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,170	1,015	1,150	2.9	2.7	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	5,070	2,840	2,235	6.7	7.6	5.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	31,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	17,965	...	...	56.5	...	...
Couple-family households	14,910	...	...	46.9	...	...
With children⁶	6,990	...	...	22.0	...	...
Without children	7,925	...	...	24.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,055	...	...	9.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	725	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	230	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,435	...	...	4.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,015	...	...	6.3	...	...
One-person households	9,420	...	...	29.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	62,285	30,700	31,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,360	29,765	30,590	96.9	97.0	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	54,000	38,400	44,800	54,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,385	29,780	30,605	96.9	97.0	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,000	35,600	40,800	48,000	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,640	27,100	26,540	86.1	88.3	84.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	51,600	31,800	40,400	51,600	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,920	23,130	21,790	72.1	75.3	69.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	56,400	34,800	44,400	56,400	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,715	22,880	26,835	79.8	74.5	84.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,800	10,200	9,500	8,800	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,860	3,375	3,485	11.0	11.0	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,480	5,680	5,560	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,325	7,370	7,950	24.6	24.0	25.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	62,285	30,700	31,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,355	29,765	30,590	96.9	97.0	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,150	65,300	45,280	55,150	65,300	45,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,370	29,775	30,595	96.9	97.0	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,960	54,250	39,800	46,960	54,250	39,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,690	27,320	26,370	86.2	89.0	83.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,550	62,250	40,480	51,550	62,250	40,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,920	23,435	21,485	72.1	76.3	68.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550	62,650	41,600	52,550	62,650	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,850	23,020	26,830	80.0	75.0	84.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,240	10,520	11,860	11,240	10,520	11,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,875	3,405	3,465	11.0	11.1	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,870	6,400	7,340	6,870	6,400	7,340
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,280	7,340	7,940	24.5	23.9	25.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,850	8,580	8,230	7,850	8,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	62,290	30,700	31,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,655	12,395	9,260	34.8	40.4	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	77,500	58,400	68,000	77,500	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,800	83,500	63,200	74,800	83,500	63,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,465	8,120	9,345	28.0	26.4	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	28,800	19,400	23,200	28,800	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,320	43,280	26,560	34,320	43,280	26,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	87.6	77.0	83.2	87.6	77.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	75.6	64.4	71.0	75.6	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8	12.5	23.0	16.8	12.5	23.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.6	6.4	4.8	3.6	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.0	4.9	3.8	3.0	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	62,290	30,700	31,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,925	935	995	3.1	3.0	3.2
With total income	60,360	29,770	30,590	96.9	97.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,620	1,870	2,755	7.7	6.3	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,235	2,475	3,765	10.3	8.3	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	8,265	3,335	4,935	13.7	11.2	16.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,640	3,175	4,465	12.7	10.7	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	6,790	2,885	3,910	11.2	9.7	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,795	2,640	3,155	9.6	8.9	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,610	2,340	2,265	7.6	7.9	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,780	2,165	1,615	6.3	7.3	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,985	1,925	1,065	4.9	6.5	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	1,675	810	4.1	5.6	2.6
$100,000 and over	7,145	5,295	1,850	11.8	17.8	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	5,330	3,870	1,455	8.8	13.0	4.8
$150,000 and over	1,815	1,420	395	3.0	4.8	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	62,290	30,700	31,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,905	920	980	3.1	3.0	3.1
With after-tax income	60,390	29,785	30,605	96.9	97.0	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,760	1,925	2,840	7.9	6.5	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,445	2,545	3,900	10.7	8.5	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	9,550	3,890	5,665	15.8	13.1	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	8,910	3,780	5,130	14.8	12.7	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,805	3,465	4,340	12.9	11.6	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,345	3,160	3,180	10.5	10.6	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,915	2,810	2,100	8.1	9.4	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,740	2,495	1,245	6.2	8.4	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,775	1,880	895	4.6	6.3	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,830	1,330	505	3.0	4.5	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,310	2,510	805	5.5	8.4	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,985	1,495	490	3.3	5.0	1.6
$125,000 and over	1,330	1,015	315	2.2	3.4	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	62,290	30,700	31,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	17,370	7,575	9,795	27.9	24.7	31.0
With employment income	44,915	23,130	21,790	72.1	75.3	69.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,735	2,085	2,645	10.5	9.0	12.1
$5,000 to $9,999	3,065	1,205	1,865	6.8	5.2	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	4,815	1,990	2,825	10.7	8.6	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,155	1,780	2,375	9.3	7.7	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,065	1,725	2,340	9.1	7.5	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	3,895	1,670	2,220	8.7	7.2	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,735	1,720	2,015	8.3	7.4	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,325	1,765	1,560	7.4	7.6	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,855	1,730	1,125	6.4	7.5	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,480	1,660	815	5.5	7.2	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,060	1,400	660	4.6	6.1	3.0
$100,000 and over	5,735	4,390	1,340	12.8	19.0	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,105	2,275	835	6.9	9.8	3.8
$125,000 and over	2,625	2,115	510	5.8	9.1	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	62,285	30,700	31,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,900	29,005	29,895	94.6	94.5	94.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	53,600	35,200	42,400	53,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,025	29,025	30,000	94.8	94.5	95.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	31,800	38,000	46,400	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,260	26,885	26,375	85.5	87.6	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	52,400	32,400	40,800	52,400	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,645	24,035	22,610	74.9	78.3	71.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	54,000	33,200	42,000	54,000	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,005	17,140	22,865	64.2	55.8	72.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	6,900	7,350	7,250	6,900	7,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,750	2,945	2,800	9.2	9.6	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,080	5,400	5,200	5,080	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	62,285	30,700	31,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,945	29,040	29,910	94.6	94.6	94.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,950	64,700	41,520	52,950	64,700	41,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,095	29,080	30,010	94.9	94.7	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,240	52,800	35,960	44,240	52,800	35,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,415	27,215	26,200	85.8	88.6	83.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,550	63,300	39,360	51,550	63,300	39,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,605	24,270	22,335	74.8	79.1	70.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	61,350	39,320	50,800	61,350	39,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,105	16,960	23,145	64.4	55.2	73.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,150	9,190	9,120	9,150	9,190	9,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,850	2,945	2,900	9.4	9.6	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,230	6,780	7,690	7,230	6,780	7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	62,290	30,700	31,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,560	12,345	9,215	34.6	40.2	29.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	75,000	53,200	64,500	75,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,200	81,000	58,100	71,200	81,000	58,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,590	7,725	8,865	26.6	25.2	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	34,800	23,600	28,000	34,800	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,840	49,160	29,840	38,840	49,160	29,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	91.6	83.0	88.2	91.6	83.0
Employment income (%)	75.8	79.2	70.6	75.8	79.2	70.6
Government transfers (%)	11.8	8.3	17.0	11.8	8.3	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	31,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	22,375	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	31,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,700	...	...	104,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,100	...	...	89,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,450	...	...	52,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	22,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,600	...	...	126,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...	107,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	31,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	220	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	250	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	705	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,090	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	995	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	960	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,095	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,125	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,130	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,240	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,250	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,140	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,950	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,870	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,650	...	...	42.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,905	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,045	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,810	...	...	12.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,885	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	31,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	245	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	260	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	715	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,160	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,125	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,165	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,275	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,315	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,265	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,725	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,600	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,405	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,300	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,070	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,040	...	...	34.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,120	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,865	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,055	...	...	12.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,495	7,425	7,070	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	44,400	37,200	40,400	44,400	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,000	34,400	36,800	40,000	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,300	...	...	125,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,200	...	...	106,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,250	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,800	...	...	113,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...	96,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,800	...	...	157,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,400	...	...	132,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,475	7,300	7,175	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,400	54,400	44,280	49,400	54,400	44,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,760	46,360	39,080	42,760	46,360	39,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	75,155	37,315	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,380	7,900	7,480	20.5	21.2	19.8
0 to 5 years	4,710	2,385	2,325	6.3	6.4	6.1
18 to 64 years	47,905	23,845	24,060	63.7	63.9	63.6
65 years and over	11,870	5,565	6,305	15.8	14.9	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,735	3,020	3,715	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,700	860	840	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	575	290	290	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,570	1,630	1,940	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,465	530	940	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.1	9.8	9.0	8.1	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	10.9	11.2	11.0	10.9	11.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.2	12.1	12.4	12.2	12.1	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	6.8	8.1	7.5	6.8	8.1
65 years and over (%)	12.4	9.6	14.9	12.4	9.6	14.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	75,160	37,310	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,380	7,900	7,485	20.5	21.2	19.8
0 to 5 years	4,715	2,380	2,330	6.3	6.4	6.2
18 to 64 years	47,905	23,850	24,055	63.7	63.9	63.6
65 years and over	11,870	5,565	6,305	15.8	14.9	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,650	1,280	1,365	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	530	255	275	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	75	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,965	960	1,000	...	...	...
65 years and over	155	65	90	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.2	3.7	3.5	3.2	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	3.2	4.0	3.6	3.2	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.2
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	75,160	37,315	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	34,360	16,325	18,030	45.7	43.7	47.6
In bottom decile	6,955	3,200	3,755	9.3	8.6	9.9
In second decile	6,745	3,090	3,650	9.0	8.3	9.6
In third decile	6,770	3,205	3,560	9.0	8.6	9.4
In fourth decile	6,955	3,395	3,565	9.3	9.1	9.4
In fifth decile	6,940	3,440	3,500	9.2	9.2	9.2
In top half of the distribution	40,795	20,985	19,810	54.3	56.2	52.3
In sixth decile	7,815	3,900	3,915	10.4	10.5	10.3
In seventh decile	8,110	4,125	3,985	10.8	11.1	10.5
In eighth decile	8,555	4,420	4,130	11.4	11.8	10.9
In ninth decile	8,815	4,605	4,210	11.7	12.3	11.1
In top decile	7,495	3,930	3,565	10.0	10.5	9.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	75,160	...	...	75,160	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	75,545	37,520	38,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	71,340	35,620	35,720	94.4	94.9	93.9
French only	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,810	1,740	2,070	5.0	4.6	5.4
Neither English nor French	375	150	230	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	75,545	37,520	38,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	74,400	36,965	37,430	98.5	98.5	98.4
French	705	375	340	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	360	140	220	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	75,545	37,520	38,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	73,975	36,795	37,180	97.9	98.1	97.8
Official languages	66,455	33,215	33,235	88.0	88.5	87.4
English	65,610	32,785	32,825	86.8	87.4	86.3
French	840	430	410	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-official languages	7,520	3,580	3,945	10.0	9.5	10.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	170	70	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,350	3,510	3,840	9.7	9.4	10.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	750	290	455	1.0	0.8	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	575	225	345	0.8	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,130	2,500	2,630	6.8	6.7	6.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	635	285	345	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	625	290	340	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	145	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,045	475	570	1.4	1.3	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	645	290	360	0.9	0.8	0.9
German	620	275	345	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	280	135	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,650	1,345	1,300	3.5	3.6	3.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,570	1,305	1,265	3.4	3.5	3.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	145	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,165	1,085	1,080	2.9	2.9	2.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	60	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	735	350	385	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	205	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	280	125	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	220	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	535	245	290	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	530	245	290	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	255	115	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,575	720	850	2.1	1.9	2.2
English and French	210	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,195	545	645	1.6	1.5	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	75,545	37,520	38,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	67,515	33,720	33,790	89.4	89.9	88.9
French	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	1,700	820	880	2.3	2.2	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,695	815	870	2.2	2.2	2.3
English and French	565	250	315	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	5,365	2,525	2,840	7.1	6.7	7.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	75,545	37,520	38,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	74,300	36,940	37,360	98.4	98.5	98.2
Official languages	70,765	35,200	35,565	93.7	93.8	93.5
English	70,615	35,130	35,485	93.5	93.6	93.3
French	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	3,540	1,740	1,800	4.7	4.6	4.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,520	1,730	1,795	4.7	4.6	4.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	350	155	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,415	1,195	1,225	3.2	3.2	3.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,885	955	925	2.5	2.5	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,860	945	915	2.5	2.5	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,615	810	805	2.1	2.2	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	90	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	300	140	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	295	140	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,240	580	665	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and French	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,125	525	600	1.5	1.4	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	75,545	37,515	38,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,350	35,075	35,280	93.1	93.5	92.8
English	1,445	745	705	1.9	2.0	1.9
French	470	205	265	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	2,590	1,190	1,400	3.4	3.2	3.7
Indigenous³⁹	140	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,455	1,140	1,310	3.2	3.0	3.4
English and French	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	295	125	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	270	125	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	75,160	37,315	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	74,790	37,175	37,610	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	74,770	37,175	37,605	99.5	99.6	99.4
French	3,925	1,745	2,180	5.2	4.7	5.8
Non-official languages	10,615	4,900	5,710	14.1	13.1	15.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	460	190	270	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algonquian languages	135	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	275	105	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	275	105	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	220	75	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,175	4,720	5,455	13.5	12.6	14.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,065	380	685	1.4	1.0	1.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	120	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,015	345	665	1.4	0.9	1.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	115	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	40	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,105	3,385	3,720	9.5	9.1	9.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	965	465	500	1.3	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	955	450	500	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	195	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian	335	165	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	235	105	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	180	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,515	625	890	2.0	1.7	2.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,025	430	600	1.4	1.2	1.6
German	1,015	425	590	1.4	1.1	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	360	150	210	0.5	0.4	0.6
Afrikaans	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	230	95	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	40	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	3,310	1,685	1,620	4.4	4.5	4.3
Indo-Aryan languages	3,180	1,615	1,565	4.2	4.3	4.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	1,295	645	645	1.7	1.7	1.7
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,635	1,335	1,300	3.5	3.6	3.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,360	625	730	1.8	1.7	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	265	115	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	325	165	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	790	355	435	1.1	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	210	90	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	360	180	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	60	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	695	340	350	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese languages	695	340	350	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	450	215	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	265	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Estonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	75,160	37,315	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,470	5,480	5,990	15.3	14.7	15.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,085	5,290	5,795	14.7	14.2	15.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,620	3,040	3,580	8.8	8.1	9.5
Métis	4,395	2,210	2,180	5.8	5.9	5.8
Inuk (Inuit)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	210	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	63,690	31,835	31,860	84.7	85.3	84.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	75,160	37,315	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,955	2,270	2,685	6.6	6.1	7.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	70,205	35,045	35,160	93.4	93.9	92.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	31,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,665	...	...	68.2	...	...
Renter	10,130	...	...	31.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	31,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,395	...	...	7.5	...	...
Not condominium	29,400	...	...	92.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	31,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	225	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	2,705	...	...	8.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,985	...	...	22.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,610	...	...	30.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,265	...	...	38.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	31,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,460	...	...	23.5	...	...
5 rooms	4,565	...	...	14.4	...	...
6 rooms	4,190	...	...	13.2	...	...
7 rooms	3,705	...	...	11.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,870	...	...	37.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	31,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	31,465	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	330	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	31,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	30,690	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,105	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	31,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,340	...	...	10.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,270	...	...	51.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,505	...	...	11.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,390	...	...	13.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	885	...	...	2.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,120	...	...	3.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	845	...	...	2.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,435	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	31,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	29,720	...	...	93.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,070	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	31,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,195	...	...	50.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,900	...	...	43.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,700	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	31,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,430	...	...	4.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,455	...	...	17.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,490	...	...	17.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,610	...	...	17.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,070	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,645	...	...	14.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,425	...	...	7.6	...	...
85 years and over	670	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	31,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,720	...	...	84.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,990	...	...	15.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,540	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	31,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,495	...	...	23.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,430	...	...	13.9	...	...
Not suitable only	895	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,500	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	460	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,300	...	...	76.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	31,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,215	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not in core need	29,045	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.0	...	...	64.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,260	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	404,800	...	...	404,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,130	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.1	...	...	29.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.0	...	...	17.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,084	...	...	1,084	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	75,155	37,310	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,955	2,405	2,555	6.6	6.4	6.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,895	2,380	2,520	6.5	6.4	6.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,905	1,835	2,070	5.2	4.9	5.5
Métis single ancestry	985	535	450	1.3	1.4	1.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,770	3,145	3,625	9.0	8.4	9.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,460	2,980	3,480	8.6	8.0	9.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,235	1,875	2,355	5.6	5.0	6.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,180	1,075	1,100	2.9	2.9	2.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	310	160	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	305	160	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	63,430	31,765	31,665	84.4	85.1	83.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	75,155	37,310	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	71,030	35,280	35,755	94.5	94.6	94.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,045	7,700	7,345	20.0	20.6	19.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	55,990	27,580	28,410	74.5	73.9	75.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,130	2,035	2,090	5.5	5.5	5.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	75,155	37,310	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	65,715	32,865	32,850	87.4	88.1	86.8
Immigrants⁸¹	7,715	3,550	4,165	10.3	9.5	11.0
Before 1980	2,605	1,215	1,395	3.5	3.3	3.7
1980 to 1990	825	360	470	1.1	1.0	1.2
1991 to 2000	915	400	520	1.2	1.1	1.4
2001 to 2010	1,085	475	615	1.4	1.3	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,275	1,105	1,170	3.0	3.0	3.1
2011 to 2015	845	370	470	1.1	1.0	1.2
2016 to 2021	1,435	735	705	1.9	2.0	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,730	895	830	2.3	2.4	2.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,715	3,550	4,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	900	435	460	11.7	12.3	11.0
5 to 14 years	1,330	630	700	17.2	17.7	16.8
15 to 24 years	1,770	800	965	22.9	22.5	23.2
25 to 44 years	3,160	1,440	1,720	41.0	40.6	41.3
45 years and over	560	250	305	7.3	7.0	7.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,715	3,550	4,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	980	470	515	12.7	13.2	12.4
Brazil	25	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Colombia	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Guyana	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	90	55	40	1.2	1.5	1.0
Mexico	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Peru	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	25	20	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
United States of America	605	265	340	7.8	7.5	8.2
Other places of birth in Americas	105	35	65	1.4	1.0	1.6
Europe	2,790	1,325	1,465	36.2	37.3	35.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
Croatia	120	60	60	1.6	1.7	1.4
France	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Germany	410	175	240	5.3	4.9	5.8
Greece	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Hungary	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italy	65	35	30	0.8	1.0	0.7
Netherlands	235	105	125	3.0	3.0	3.0
Poland	195	110	90	2.5	3.1	2.2
Portugal	135	65	70	1.7	1.8	1.7
Romania	40	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Russian Federation	50	30	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Ukraine	80	20	60	1.0	0.6	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	830	425	405	10.8	12.0	9.7
Other places of birth in Europe	490	220	270	6.4	6.2	6.5
Africa	540	255	285	7.0	7.2	6.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Egypt	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	160	80	80	2.1	2.3	1.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	45	65	1.4	1.3	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	235	115	120	3.0	3.2	2.9
Asia	3,225	1,405	1,820	41.8	39.6	43.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	80	40	40	1.0	1.1	1.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	255	115	135	3.3	3.2	3.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	35	35	0.9	1.0	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	115	50	65	1.5	1.4	1.6
Taiwan	40	10	30	0.5	0.3	0.7
Philippines	935	305	625	12.1	8.6	15.0
Viet Nam	90	30	60	1.2	0.8	1.4
Bangladesh	35	0	25	0.5	0.0	0.6
India	1,305	650	650	16.9	18.3	15.6
Pakistan	100	60	40	1.3	1.7	1.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	170	75	90	2.2	2.1	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	175	100	75	2.3	2.8	1.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,435	735	700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	160	90	70	11.1	12.2	10.0
Brazil	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Colombia	20	10	0	1.4	1.4	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	25	20	2.8	3.4	2.9
Mexico	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
United States of America	55	30	30	3.8	4.1	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Europe	150	75	75	10.5	10.2	10.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	20	2.8	3.4	2.9
Other places of birth in Europe	60	20	45	4.2	2.7	6.4
Africa	195	85	110	13.6	11.6	15.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	105	45	55	7.3	6.1	7.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	1.7	1.4	2.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	25	3.1	3.4	3.6
Asia	920	475	445	64.1	64.6	63.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	20	2.4	1.4	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	505	280	225	35.2	38.1	32.1
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15	2.1	2.0	2.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	15	2.8	2.7	2.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	50	25	25	3.5	3.4	3.6
Philippines	195	80	110	13.6	10.9	15.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	10	2.1	2.0	1.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.4
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	75,160	37,315	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,965	4,710	5,255	13.3	12.6	13.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,960	5,835	6,125	15.9	15.6	16.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	53,230	26,770	26,465	70.8	71.7	69.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,110	2,330	2,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,990	1,435	1,560	58.5	61.6	56.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,340	750	595	26.2	32.2	21.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,650	685	960	32.3	29.4	34.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,790	725	1,060	35.0	31.1	38.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	315	170	145	6.2	7.3	5.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,110	2,330	2,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	45	45	1.8	1.9	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	875	365	510	17.1	15.7	18.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	225	105	120	4.4	4.5	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	610	345	270	11.9	14.8	9.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	15	35	1.0	0.6	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,250	1,455	1,800	63.6	62.4	65.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	75,160	37,315	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,745	4,200	4,545	11.6	11.3	12.0
South Asian	3,820	1,965	1,855	5.1	5.3	4.9
Chinese	890	420	465	1.2	1.1	1.2
Black	1,115	545	565	1.5	1.5	1.5
Filipino	1,420	565	860	1.9	1.5	2.3
Arab	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	245	100	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	250	135	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
West Asian	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	210	90	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	215	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	245	95	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	66,410	33,110	33,300	88.4	88.7	88.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	75,155	37,310	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,485	5,430	5,055	14.0	14.6	13.4
English	18,430	8,935	9,495	24.5	23.9	25.1
Irish	12,135	5,735	6,400	16.1	15.4	16.9
Scottish	14,265	6,940	7,330	19.0	18.6	19.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,295	4,085	4,210	11.0	10.9	11.1
German	12,870	6,205	6,665	17.1	16.6	17.6
Chinese	1,010	445	570	1.3	1.2	1.5
Italian	2,350	1,205	1,140	3.1	3.2	3.0
Indian (India)	2,200	1,105	1,100	2.9	3.0	2.9
Ukrainian	4,600	2,290	2,305	6.1	6.1	6.1
Dutch	3,160	1,500	1,655	4.2	4.0	4.4
Polish	2,490	1,125	1,365	3.3	3.0	3.6
Québécois	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,575	1,250	1,325	3.4	3.4	3.5
Filipino	1,510	590	920	2.0	1.6	2.4
French Canadian	840	440	400	1.1	1.2	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,945	995	945	2.6	2.7	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,440	1,595	1,845	4.6	4.3	4.9
Métis	3,530	1,800	1,725	4.7	4.8	4.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,805	900	910	2.4	2.4	2.4
Russian	2,080	915	1,165	2.8	2.5	3.1
Norwegian	3,805	1,870	1,940	5.1	5.0	5.1
Welsh	1,915	825	1,090	2.5	2.2	2.9
Portuguese	795	375	425	1.1	1.0	1.1
American	1,520	730	790	2.0	2.0	2.1
Spanish	555	215	340	0.7	0.6	0.9
Swedish	2,795	1,260	1,535	3.7	3.4	4.1
Hungarian	890	405	485	1.2	1.1	1.3
Acadian	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	180	95	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	370	195	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	195	90	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	885	485	400	1.2	1.3	1.1
Vietnamese	215	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	290	135	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	205	85	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,465	650	810	1.9	1.7	2.1
Korean	220	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	480	200	285	0.6	0.5	0.8
Lebanese	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	115	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	155	95	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Danish	1,240	575	670	1.6	1.5	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,055	515	535	1.4	1.4	1.4
Sikh	585	340	245	0.8	0.9	0.6
Austrian	755	360	400	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belgian	280	145	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	405	200	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	640	335	310	0.9	0.9	0.8
Finnish	685	330	355	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sri Lankan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	515	235	280	0.7	0.6	0.7
Japanese	290	130	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	855	460	400	1.1	1.2	1.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	405	225	175	0.5	0.6	0.5
Colombian	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	400	195	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	95	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	175	105	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ontarian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	140	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australian	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	110	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	145	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	130	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	520	280	240	0.7	0.8	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	40	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	75,160	37,315	37,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	190	70	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	25,840	11,680	14,160	34.4	31.3	37.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,055	3,275	3,780	9.4	8.8	10.0
Anabaptist	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	1,735	755	975	2.3	2.0	2.6
Baptist	1,300	545	750	1.7	1.5	2.0
Catholic	8,885	4,120	4,765	11.8	11.0	12.6
Christian Orthodox	330	150	180	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	630	240	390	0.8	0.6	1.0
Latter Day Saints	355	170	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lutheran	830	370	460	1.1	1.0	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	895	375	525	1.2	1.0	1.4
Presbyterian	360	165	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Reformed	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	1,875	805	1,070	2.5	2.2	2.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,205	545	665	1.6	1.5	1.8
Hindu	585	325	260	0.8	0.9	0.7
Jewish	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	535	265	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	2,405	1,240	1,165	3.2	3.3	3.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	660	245	415	0.9	0.7	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	44,685	23,350	21,345	59.5	62.6	56.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	74,425	36,970	37,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,490	31,510	31,975	85.3	85.2	85.4
Movers	10,935	5,465	5,475	14.7	14.8	14.6
Non-migrants	8,325	4,170	4,150	11.2	11.3	11.1
Migrants	2,615	1,290	1,325	3.5	3.5	3.5
Internal migrants	2,335	1,160	1,170	3.1	3.1	3.1
Intraprovincial migrants	1,760	865	895	2.4	2.3	2.4
Interprovincial migrants	575	300	275	0.8	0.8	0.7
External migrants	280	130	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	71,290	35,330	35,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	39,535	19,740	19,795	55.5	55.9	55.0
Movers	31,755	15,580	16,170	44.5	44.1	45.0
Non-migrants	18,390	9,075	9,315	25.8	25.7	25.9
Migrants	13,365	6,505	6,855	18.7	18.4	19.1
Internal migrants	11,090	5,325	5,760	15.6	15.1	16.0
Intraprovincial migrants	8,320	3,950	4,370	11.7	11.2	12.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,765	1,375	1,395	3.9	3.9	3.9
External migrants	2,275	1,180	1,095	3.2	3.3	3.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,290	30,700	31,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,285	6,725	5,560	19.7	21.9	17.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,000	23,980	26,025	80.3	78.1	82.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,875	20,215	20,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,475	3,185	2,290	13.4	15.8	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	35,400	17,030	18,365	86.6	84.2	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,285	30,700	31,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,590	5,530	5,055	17.0	18.0	16.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,155	10,205	10,955	34.0	33.2	34.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,540	14,970	15,575	49.0	48.8	49.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,185	10,195	8,995	30.8	33.2	28.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,405	5,265	1,135	10.3	17.1	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,150	1,390	760	3.5	4.5	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,250	3,875	370	6.8	12.6	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,380	4,400	6,980	18.3	14.3	22.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,405	525	880	2.3	1.7	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,355	4,775	6,580	18.2	15.6	20.8
Bachelor's degree	7,610	3,140	4,470	12.2	10.2	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	690	295	395	1.1	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	370	165	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	2,305	965	1,340	3.7	3.1	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380	210	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,880	20,220	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,495	2,490	2,000	11.0	12.3	9.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,100	6,550	6,555	32.0	32.4	31.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,280	11,180	12,100	56.9	55.3	58.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,925	7,365	6,555	34.1	36.4	31.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,540	3,760	785	11.1	18.6	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,505	945	555	3.7	4.7	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,035	2,810	225	7.4	13.9	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,430	3,210	5,225	20.6	15.9	25.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	950	400	550	2.3	2.0	2.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,355	3,810	5,550	22.9	18.8	26.9
Bachelor's degree	6,230	2,515	3,720	15.2	12.4	18.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	525	210	315	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	320	135	185	0.8	0.7	0.9
Master's degree	1,980	795	1,185	4.8	3.9	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	300	155	145	0.7	0.8	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,285	30,705	31,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,750	15,735	16,015	51.0	51.2	50.7
Education	2,005	445	1,560	3.2	1.4	4.9
13. Education	2,005	445	1,560	3.2	1.4	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	455	185	275	0.7	0.6	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	410	140	265	0.7	0.5	0.8
Humanities	1,355	515	835	2.2	1.7	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	345	100	245	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	75	275	0.6	0.2	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	110	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	245	150	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,495	850	1,655	4.0	2.8	5.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	495	25	465	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	335	100	230	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	500	130	365	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	915	480	435	1.5	1.6	1.4
Business, management and public administration	6,210	2,015	4,195	10.0	6.6	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	775	145	635	1.2	0.5	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,425	1,870	3,555	8.7	6.1	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,165	575	590	1.9	1.9	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	620	280	340	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	125	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	235	160	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	775	485	285	1.2	1.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	635	410	225	1.0	1.3	0.7
25. Library science	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,630	7,180	450	12.3	23.4	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
14. Engineering	690	595	95	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,540	1,380	160	2.5	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,180	2,105	75	3.5	6.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,165	2,125	35	3.5	6.9	0.1
48. Precision production	1,000	955	40	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,300	815	480	2.1	2.7	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,135	735	395	1.8	2.4	1.3
Health and related fields	5,390	1,000	4,385	8.7	3.3	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	120	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,000	825	4,180	8.0	2.7	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,750	900	855	2.8	2.9	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,075	300	770	1.7	1.0	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	210	150	60	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	445	25	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,875	20,220	20,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,595	9,040	8,555	43.0	44.7	41.4
Education	1,355	265	1,090	3.3	1.3	5.3
13. Education	1,355	265	1,090	3.3	1.3	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	355	135	220	0.9	0.7	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	335	120	215	0.8	0.6	1.0
Humanities	995	380	615	2.4	1.9	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	260	70	190	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	265	70	195	0.6	0.3	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	75	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	180	115	65	0.4	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,020	670	1,345	4.9	3.3	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	400	25	375	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	260	60	200	0.6	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	410	110	300	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	740	390	350	1.8	1.9	1.7
Business, management and public administration	4,710	1,465	3,240	11.5	7.2	15.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	675	130	545	1.7	0.6	2.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,030	1,340	2,695	9.9	6.6	13.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	950	430	520	2.3	2.1	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	525	220	305	1.3	1.1	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	65	120	0.5	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	200	125	75	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	655	430	225	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	540	360	180	1.3	1.8	0.9
25. Library science	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,620	5,245	370	13.7	25.9	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	570	485	80	1.4	2.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,175	1,045	130	2.9	5.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,600	1,540	55	3.9	7.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,525	1,495	30	3.7	7.4	0.1
48. Precision production	695	670	25	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,020	635	385	2.5	3.1	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	900	585	320	2.2	2.9	1.5
Health and related fields	4,245	815	3,430	10.4	4.0	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	100	90	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,945	675	3,265	9.7	3.3	15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,340	700	645	3.3	3.5	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	800	230	570	2.0	1.1	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	195	135	60	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	335	15	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	40,875	20,220	20,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,595	9,040	8,555	43.0	44.7	41.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	23,280	11,175	12,105	57.0	55.3	58.6
Location of study inside Canada	20,730	10,035	10,695	50.7	49.6	51.8
Same as province or territory of residence	17,375	8,340	9,035	42.5	41.2	43.7
Different than province or territory of residence	3,355	1,695	1,660	8.2	8.4	8.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,545	1,140	1,405	6.2	5.6	6.8
Americas	385	180	205	0.9	0.9	1.0
United States of America	315	145	170	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mexico	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	535	245	295	1.3	1.2	1.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Netherlands	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	230	105	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	185	90	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Nigeria	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,380	590	785	3.4	2.9	3.8
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	475	155	320	1.2	0.8	1.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	660	325	330	1.6	1.6	1.6
Pakistan	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	62,285	30,700	31,585	...	...	...
In the labour force	41,275	21,660	19,620	...	...	...
Employed	37,395	19,535	17,860	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,885	2,125	1,760	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	21,010	9,040	11,965	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.3	70.6	62.1	66.3	70.6	62.1
Employment rate	60.0	63.6	56.5	60.0	63.6	56.5
Unemployment rate	9.4	9.8	9.0	9.4	9.8	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	62,285	30,705	31,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	21,710	9,475	12,235	34.9	30.9	38.7
Worked	40,580	21,230	19,350	65.2	69.1	61.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,095	12,640	9,455	35.5	41.2	29.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	18,480	8,590	9,895	29.7	28.0	31.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	43.1	40.6	41.9	43.1	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	41,275	21,655	19,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,035	510	520	2.5	2.4	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	40,245	21,150	19,095	97.5	97.7	97.3
Employee	36,200	18,890	17,315	87.7	87.2	88.3
Permanent position	30,675	16,405	14,270	74.3	75.8	72.7
Temporary position	5,530	2,480	3,050	13.4	11.5	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,430	560	870	3.5	2.6	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,095	1,925	2,180	9.9	8.9	11.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,045	2,255	1,790	9.8	10.4	9.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	41,275	21,655	19,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,035	510	520	2.5	2.4	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	40,245	21,150	19,095	97.5	97.7	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	325	230	100	0.8	1.1	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,895	1,445	4,450	14.3	6.7	22.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,525	1,930	595	6.1	8.9	3.0
3 Health occupations	3,425	680	2,745	8.3	3.1	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,330	1,690	3,640	12.9	7.8	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	735	265	470	1.8	1.2	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	10,465	4,395	6,065	25.4	20.3	30.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,745	8,090	650	21.2	37.4	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	980	775	205	2.4	3.6	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,830	1,650	175	4.4	7.6	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	41,275	21,655	19,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,035	510	520	2.5	2.4	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	40,245	21,150	19,095	97.5	97.7	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,285	1,025	260	3.1	4.7	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	450	375	75	1.1	1.7	0.4
22 Utilities	335	215	115	0.8	1.0	0.6
23 Construction	3,475	2,925	555	8.4	13.5	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,045	2,565	485	7.4	11.8	2.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,430	1,190	240	3.5	5.5	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	4,920	2,365	2,555	11.9	10.9	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,505	2,055	450	6.1	9.5	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	530	240	285	1.3	1.1	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	930	310	620	2.3	1.4	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	545	255	290	1.3	1.2	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,920	1,000	920	4.7	4.6	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,280	745	535	3.1	3.4	2.7
61 Educational services	3,185	915	2,270	7.7	4.2	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,205	1,210	4,995	15.0	5.6	25.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	625	260	365	1.5	1.2	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,965	1,270	1,690	7.2	5.9	8.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,905	935	970	4.6	4.3	4.9
91 Public administration	2,670	1,275	1,395	6.5	5.9	7.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	43,720	22,865	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	43,050	22,595	20,455	98.5	98.8	98.1
French	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	75	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	215	70	145	0.5	0.3	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	340	145	195	0.8	0.6	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	43,720	22,865	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,675	22,845	20,830	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	43,555	22,775	20,780	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	43,490	22,770	20,715	99.5	99.6	99.3
French	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.3
Non-official languages	125	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	43,720	22,865	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,195	22,660	20,540	98.8	99.1	98.5
English	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
French	170	60	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	220	110	120	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	205	95	110	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	37,395	19,535	17,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,495	1,770	2,720	12.0	9.1	15.2
Worked outside Canada	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,510	4,165	1,345	14.7	21.3	7.5
Usual place of work	27,365	13,575	13,790	73.2	69.5	77.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,365	13,575	13,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,100	12,625	13,475	95.4	93.0	97.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	510	370	140	1.9	2.7	1.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	635	475	155	2.3	3.5	1.1
Commute to a different province or territory	115	105	10	0.4	0.8	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	32,870	17,735	15,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	29,650	16,190	13,460	90.2	91.3	88.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,510	15,325	12,185	83.7	86.4	80.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,140	870	1,275	6.5	4.9	8.4
Public transit	1,055	425	630	3.2	2.4	4.2
Walked	1,295	580	715	3.9	3.3	4.7
Bicycle	255	185	70	0.8	1.0	0.5
Other method	615	355	260	1.9	2.0	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	32,870	17,735	15,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,210	7,920	8,300	49.3	44.7	54.8
15 to 29 minutes	13,195	7,375	5,820	40.1	41.6	38.5
30 to 44 minutes	1,755	1,145	615	5.3	6.5	4.1
45 to 59 minutes	495	330	170	1.5	1.9	1.1
60 minutes and over	1,215	970	240	3.7	5.5	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	32,870	17,735	15,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,965	1,550	420	6.0	8.7	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,350	3,445	1,910	16.3	19.4	12.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,890	4,805	4,080	27.0	27.1	27.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,860	3,280	4,580	23.9	18.5	30.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,550	1,520	2,030	10.8	8.6	13.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,260	3,135	2,115	16.0	17.7	14.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,690	8,065	7,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	855	435	420	5.4	5.4	5.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,840	7,630	7,200	94.6	94.6	94.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,565	5,975	5,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	665	335	330	5.8	5.6	5.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	380	180	200	3.3	3.0	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	285	155	130	2.5	2.6	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,895	5,645	5,255	94.2	94.5	94.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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