Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,762,949
Population, 2016¹	1,704,694
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4
Total private dwellings²	878,542
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	816,338
Population density per square kilometre	4,833.5
Land area in square kilometres	364.74
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,762,950
0 to 14 years	270,430
0 to 4 years	88,670
5 to 9 years	93,325
10 to 14 years	88,435
15 to 64 years	1,197,045
15 to 19 years	82,475
20 to 24 years	125,235
25 to 29 years	153,995
30 to 34 years	146,855
35 to 39 years	135,880
40 to 44 years	127,165
45 to 49 years	110,130
50 to 54 years	105,545
55 to 59 years	108,040
60 to 64 years	101,725
65 years and over	295,475
65 to 69 years	85,025
70 to 74 years	72,300
75 to 79 years	52,720
80 to 84 years	39,395
85 years and over	46,035
85 to 89 years	27,835
90 to 94 years	14,360
95 to 99 years	3,375
100 years and over	465
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3
15 to 64 years	67.9
65 years and over	16.8
85 years and over	2.6
Average age of the population	40.6
Median age of the population	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	816,340
Single-detached house	58,065
Semi-detached house	25,740
Row house	26,175
Apartment or flat in a duplex	107,565
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	464,420
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130,615
Other single-attached house	3,350
Movable dwelling⁴	415
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	816,335
1 person	341,345
2 persons	242,175
3 persons	103,550
4 persons	82,715
5 or more persons	46,560
Number of persons in private households	1,723,210
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,492,520
Married or living common-law	705,905
Married	475,835
Living common-law	230,070
Living common law - Never married	196,170
Living common law - Separated	2,885
Living common law - Divorced	28,550
Living common law - Widowed	2,465
Not married and not living common-law	786,615
Not married and not living common law - Never married	572,045
Not married and not living common law - Separated	31,535
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	113,315
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	69,720
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	428,615
2 persons	221,015
3 persons	92,715
4 persons	77,780
5 or more persons	37,105
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	428,610
Total couple families	338,830
Married couples	223,910
With children⁶	133,435
Without children	90,475
Common-law couples	114,915
With children⁶	41,490
Without children	73,430
Total one-parent families	89,785
in which the parent is a woman+	72,595
in which the parent is a man+	17,190
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,723,210
Total - Persons in census families	1,231,380
Married spouses or common-law partners	677,655
Parents in one-parent families	89,785
Children⁶	463,940
In a two-parent family	329,670
In a one-parent family	134,270
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	491,830
Living alone	341,350
Living with other relatives⁷	45,070
Living with non-relatives only	105,415
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	816,335
One-census-family households without additional persons	394,155
Couple-family households	317,105
With children⁶	163,645
Without children	153,460
One-parent-family households	77,045
Multigenerational households⁸	11,240
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,730
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	14,975
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	52,900
One-person households	341,345
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,453,280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,100
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,475
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,227,255
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,021,705
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175,325
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	157,000
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	472,820
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,453,295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,365
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,226,320
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,021,715
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,174,640
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,980
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	471,875
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,453,295
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	452,020
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	450,610
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,453,280
Without total income	57,180
With total income	1,396,100
Under $10,000 (including loss)	120,165
$10,000 to $19,999	179,185
$20,000 to $29,999	259,695
$30,000 to $39,999	194,585
$40,000 to $49,999	163,390
$50,000 to $59,999	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	88,460
$70,000 to $79,999	64,815
$80,000 to $89,999	50,645
$90,000 to $99,999	36,060
$100,000 and over	115,980
$100,000 to $149,999	74,835
$150,000 and over	41,145
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,453,280
Without after-tax income	56,805
With after-tax income	1,396,475
Under $10,000 (including loss)	124,825
$10,000 to $19,999	188,395
$20,000 to $29,999	303,115
$30,000 to $39,999	231,960
$40,000 to $49,999	183,475
$50,000 to $59,999	123,490
$60,000 to $69,999	81,775
$70,000 to $79,999	52,690
$80,000 to $89,999	32,505
$90,000 to $99,999	21,155
$100,000 and over	53,090
$100,000 to $124,999	25,835
$125,000 and over	27,260
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,453,280
Without employment income	431,575
With employment income	1,021,705
Under $5,000 (including loss)	145,910
$5,000 to $9,999	99,605
$10,000 to $19,999	136,545
$20,000 to $29,999	105,255
$30,000 to $39,999	98,425
$40,000 to $49,999	94,645
$50,000 to $59,999	76,170
$60,000 to $69,999	59,460
$70,000 to $79,999	46,765
$80,000 to $89,999	40,295
$90,000 to $99,999	27,160
$100,000 and over	91,480
$100,000 to $124,999	40,345
$125,000 and over	51,135
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,453,280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,225
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,570
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,196,380
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,000,475
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,066,120
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	104,820
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,453,295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,285
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,700
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,195,295
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	999,875
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,066,040
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,790
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,453,295
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	446,040
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	411,950
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2
Employment income (%)	72.8
Government transfers (%)	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	816,335
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	341,345
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	474,990
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	816,355
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	341,250
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,760
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	475,105
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	816,335
Under $5,000	17,005
$5,000 to $9,999	9,785
$10,000 to $14,999	16,775
$15,000 to $19,999	24,425
$20,000 to $24,999	54,215
$25,000 to $29,999	38,420
$30,000 to $34,999	37,880
$35,000 to $39,999	38,590
$40,000 to $44,999	39,530
$45,000 to $49,999	37,970
$50,000 to $59,999	69,550
$60,000 to $69,999	62,125
$70,000 to $79,999	55,220
$80,000 to $89,999	49,040
$90,000 to $99,999	41,220
$100,000 and over	224,580
$100,000 to $124,999	76,005
$125,000 to $149,999	48,680
$150,000 to $199,999	51,900
$200,000 and over	47,995
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	816,335
Under $5,000	18,250
$5,000 to $9,999	10,005
$10,000 to $14,999	17,050
$15,000 to $19,999	26,035
$20,000 to $24,999	59,285
$25,000 to $29,999	46,355
$30,000 to $34,999	45,485
$35,000 to $39,999	47,370
$40,000 to $44,999	46,995
$45,000 to $49,999	43,530
$50,000 to $59,999	78,470
$60,000 to $69,999	68,975
$70,000 to $79,999	59,285
$80,000 to $89,999	49,000
$90,000 to $99,999	39,955
$100,000 and over	160,295
$100,000 to $124,999	68,460
$125,000 to $149,999	38,400
$150,000 and over	53,430
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	435,310
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	156,425
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	175,465
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	86,340
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	446,765
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	435,360
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	156,545
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	175,580
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,035
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	446,290
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,723,215
0 to 17 years	316,605
0 to 5 years	107,500
18 to 64 years	1,140,405
65 years and over	266,200
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	299,080
0 to 17 years	49,430
0 to 5 years	17,500
18 to 64 years	184,970
65 years and over	64,675
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6
0 to 5 years (%)	16.3
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2
65 years and over (%)	24.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,723,210
0 to 17 years	316,610
0 to 5 years	107,500
18 to 64 years	1,140,405
65 years and over	266,195
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	199,665
0 to 17 years	26,605
0 to 5 years	9,255
18 to 64 years	144,765
65 years and over	28,295
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7
65 years and over (%)	10.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,723,215
In bottom half of the distribution	1,097,735
In bottom decile	278,660
In second decile	226,095
In third decile	221,215
In fourth decile	197,520
In fifth decile	174,245
In top half of the distribution	625,475
In sixth decile	150,945
In seventh decile	134,455
In eighth decile	121,350
In ninth decile	108,785
In top decile	109,935
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,723,210
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,741,260
English only	207,690
French only	473,490
English and French	1,018,100
Neither English nor French	41,975
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,741,260
English	457,725
French	1,091,480
English and French	151,345
Neither English nor French	40,705
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,741,260
Single responses	1,615,770
Official languages	1,044,150
English	225,920
French	818,225
Non-official languages	571,625
Indigenous languages³⁹	355
Algonquian languages	190
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	165
Atikamekw	25
Cree languages	95
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5
Cree, n.o.s.	50
Innu (Montagnais)	35
Naskapi	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	10
Mi'kmaq	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	135
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	135
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	15
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	15
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	571,270
Afro-Asiatic languages	119,100
Berber languages	15,445
Kabyle	14,315
Tamazight	985
Berber languages, n.i.e.	150
Chadic languages	335
Hausa	175
Mina	165
Coptic	165
Cushitic languages	765
Bilen	20
Oromo	0
Somali	735
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15
Semitic languages	102,380
Amharic	495
Arabic	99,450
Aramaic languages	120
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70
Harari	5
Hebrew	1,580
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,210
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,580
Vietnamese	18,595
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35
Austronesian languages	15,495
Bikol	85
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305
Cebuano	680
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	390
Ilocano	1,650
Indonesian	405
Kankanaey	15
Kinaray-a	25
Malagasy languages	410
Merina	285
Malagasy, n.o.s.	130
Malay	45
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160
Pangasinan	90
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,970
Waray-Waray	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	215
Creole languages	36,965
Haitian Creole	27,145
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	10
Morisyen	910
Sango	50
Creole, n.o.s.	8,605
Creole languages, n.i.e.	230
Dravidian languages	12,090
Kannada	225
Malayalam	1,315
Tamil	9,175
Telugu	1,350
Tulu	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10
Georgian	105
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	289,040
Albanian	1,795
Armenian	5,565
Balto-Slavic languages	29,665
Baltic languages	315
Latvian	115
Lithuanian	205
Slavic languages	29,350
Belarusian	30
Bulgarian	3,100
Czech	555
Macedonian	95
Polish	5,875
Russian	14,020
Rusyn	5
Serbo-Croatian	2,580
Bosnian	340
Croatian	865
Serbian	1,300
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80
Slovak	345
Slovene (Slovenian)	240
Ukrainian	2,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20
Celtic languages	40
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15
Germanic languages	11,285
Frisian	5
High German languages	9,860
German	3,360
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	235
Yiddish	6,270
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	895
Afrikaans	65
Dutch	740
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	5
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	85
Scandinavian languages	480
Danish	150
Icelandic	30
Norwegian	65
Swedish	230
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45
Greek	14,410
Indo-Iranian languages	58,285
Indo-Aryan languages	42,700
Assamese	20
Bengali	9,850
Gujarati	4,805
Hindi	3,655
Kacchi	90
Kashmiri	25
Konkani	55
Marathi	345
Nepali	330
Oriya languages	45
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,345
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390
Urdu	6,535
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	170
Iranian languages	15,575
Baluchi	5
Kurdish	435
Parsi	25
Pashto	975
Persian languages	14,065
Dari	1,085
Iranian Persian	11,665
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,315
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15
Italic (Romance) languages	167,975
Catalan	190
Italian	57,590
Portuguese	18,080
Romanian	12,300
Spanish	79,720
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	100
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20
Japanese	1,590
Korean	3,810
Mongolian	100
Niger-Congo languages	13,245
Akan (Twi)	620
Bamanankan	665
Edo	60
Éwé	330
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,245
Ga	45
Ganda	25
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	90
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,090
Lingala	1,680
Luba-Kasai	140
Mòoré	150
Mwani	20
Ndebele	30
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,320
Shona	80
Soninke	205
Sotho-Tswana languages	10
Swahili	795
Wojenaka	485
Wolof	1,495
Yoruba	625
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,045
Nilo-Saharan languages	340
Dinka	5
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	275
African, n.o.s.	60
Sign languages	275
American Sign Language	35
Quebec Sign Language	185
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,550
Chinese languages	46,390
Hakka	210
Mandarin	29,410
Min Dong	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,730
Wu (Shanghainese)	440
Yue (Cantonese)	13,690
Chinese, n.o.s.	855
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	120
Burmese	45
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	65
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35
Tai-Kadai languages	1,705
Lao	1,280
Thai	405
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15
Turkic languages	5,370
Azerbaijani	250
Kazakh	25
Turkish	4,825
Uyghur	140
Uzbek	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90
Uralic languages	2,190
Estonian	70
Finnish	140
Hungarian	1,985
Other languages, n.i.e.	80
Multiple responses	125,490
English and French	35,195
English and non-official language(s)	26,945
French and non-official language(s)	44,880
English, French and non-official language(s)	13,590
Multiple non-official languages	4,880
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,741,260
English	236,770
French	743,335
Non-official language	182,560
Indigenous³⁹	70
Non-Indigenous	182,495
English and French	146,050
English and non-official language(s)	111,510
French and non-official language(s)	174,715
English, French and non-official language(s)	135,525
Multiple non-official languages	10,780
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,741,260
Single responses	1,586,665
Official languages	1,255,565
English	347,110
French	908,455
Non-official languages	331,100
Indigenous languages³⁹	125
Algonquian languages	80
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	70
Atikamekw	10
Cree languages	40
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20
Innu (Montagnais)	20
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	5
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	5
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330,975
Afro-Asiatic languages	61,235
Berber languages	6,795
Kabyle	6,320
Tamazight	360
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110
Chadic languages	125
Hausa	80
Mina	40
Coptic	120
Cushitic languages	365
Bilen	10
Oromo	0
Somali	345
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Semitic languages	53,825
Amharic	240
Arabic	52,330
Aramaic languages	75
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35
Harari	0
Hebrew	715
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	445
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,465
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,860
Vietnamese	13,590
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15
Austronesian languages	9,325
Bikol	35
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170
Cebuano	425
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	235
Ilocano	960
Indonesian	170
Kankanaey	5
Kinaray-a	20
Malagasy languages	115
Merina	65
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85
Pangasinan	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,960
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95
Creole languages	17,395
Haitian Creole	12,640
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	0
Morisyen	475
Sango	10
Creole, n.o.s.	4,185
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75
Dravidian languages	9,345
Kannada	115
Malayalam	970
Tamil	7,425
Telugu	820
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	45
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	168,495
Albanian	1,050
Armenian	3,895
Balto-Slavic languages	17,140
Baltic languages	85
Latvian	35
Lithuanian	50
Slavic languages	17,055
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	2,020
Czech	165
Macedonian	60
Polish	2,505
Russian	9,755
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,200
Bosnian	170
Croatian	365
Serbian	645
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25
Slovak	70
Slovene (Slovenian)	85
Ukrainian	1,185
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5
Celtic languages	5
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	6,300
Frisian	5
High German languages	6,055
German	510
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	5,525
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	105
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	85
Danish	15
Icelandic	15
Norwegian	5
Swedish	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	7,530
Indo-Iranian languages	43,235
Indo-Aryan languages	32,115
Assamese	5
Bengali	7,290
Gujarati	3,250
Hindi	2,460
Kacchi	60
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	15
Marathi	160
Nepali	225
Oriya languages	5
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,485
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245
Urdu	4,795
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105
Iranian languages	11,115
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	220
Parsi	15
Pashto	750
Persian languages	10,090
Dari	675
Iranian Persian	8,570
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	845
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Italic (Romance) languages	89,325
Catalan	75
Italian	21,255
Portuguese	9,715
Romanian	7,290
Spanish	50,960
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5
Japanese	705
Korean	2,705
Mongolian	55
Niger-Congo languages	4,240
Akan (Twi)	340
Bamanankan	205
Edo	20
Éwé	85
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455
Ga	20
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335
Lingala	570
Luba-Kasai	10
Mòoré	25
Mwani	10
Ndebele	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	465
Shona	35
Soninke	95
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	290
Wojenaka	130
Wolof	600
Yoruba	180
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330
Nilo-Saharan languages	105
Dinka	0
Nuer	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95
African, n.o.s.	10
Sign languages	515
American Sign Language	90
Quebec Sign Language	305
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,185
Chinese languages	35,100
Hakka	75
Mandarin	23,585
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,050
Wu (Shanghainese)	285
Yue (Cantonese)	9,590
Chinese, n.o.s.	505
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	65
Burmese	30
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20
Tai-Kadai languages	870
Lao	715
Thai	150
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	3,575
Azerbaijani	100
Kazakh	5
Turkish	3,325
Uyghur	100
Uzbek	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25
Uralic languages	695
Estonian	0
Finnish	20
Hungarian	675
Other languages, n.i.e.	25
Multiple responses	154,590
English and French	45,705
English and non-official language(s)	32,655
French and non-official language(s)	55,175
English, French and non-official language(s)	19,445
Multiple non-official languages	1,605
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,741,260
None	1,279,175
English	115,715
French	109,450
Non-official language	129,625
Indigenous³⁹	145
Non-Indigenous	129,480
English and French	29,960
English and non-official language(s)	35,695
French and non-official language(s)	27,860
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,580
Multiple non-official languages	10,200
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,723,225
Official languages	1,681,610
English	1,216,575
French	1,475,945
Non-official languages	862,365
Indigenous languages³⁹	800
Algonquian languages	365
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	260
Atikamekw	20
Cree languages	150
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70
Innu (Montagnais)	80
Naskapi	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	25
Mi'kmaq	25
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	55
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	30
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	25
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	15
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	315
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	310
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	65
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	60
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	10
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	10
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	861,690
Afro-Asiatic languages	193,965
Berber languages	23,765
Kabyle	21,490
Tamazight	2,020
Berber languages, n.i.e.	560
Chadic languages	1,205
Hausa	575
Mina	625
Coptic	745
Cushitic languages	1,160
Bilen	15
Oromo	10
Somali	1,115
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50
Semitic languages	182,025
Amharic	780
Arabic	173,385
Aramaic languages	215
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10
Aramaic, n.o.s.	155
Harari	0
Hebrew	7,665
Maltese	20
Tigrigna	820
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75
Austro-Asiatic languages	30,875
Khmer (Cambodian)	6,850
Vietnamese	24,550
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50
Austronesian languages	24,510
Bikol	175
Bisaya, n.o.s.	450
Cebuano	1,155
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	765
Ilocano	2,925
Indonesian	805
Kankanaey	45
Kinaray-a	85
Malagasy languages	835
Merina	655
Malagasy, n.o.s.	185
Malay	355
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	355
Pangasinan	120
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	21,575
Waray-Waray	120
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	905
Creole languages	74,245
Haitian Creole	66,445
Jamaican English Creole	215
Krio	60
Morisyen	2,365
Sango	185
Creole, n.o.s.	11,950
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,520
Dravidian languages	16,725
Kannada	540
Malayalam	1,760
Tamil	12,940
Telugu	2,415
Tulu	30
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25
Georgian	150
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	450,480
Albanian	2,425
Armenian	7,185
Balto-Slavic languages	40,980
Baltic languages	530
Latvian	190
Lithuanian	340
Slavic languages	40,615
Belarusian	160
Bulgarian	3,765
Czech	990
Macedonian	215
Polish	7,925
Russian	23,995
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	3,390
Bosnian	675
Croatian	1,515
Serbian	1,725
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	95
Slovak	590
Slovene (Slovenian)	345
Ukrainian	4,905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40
Celtic languages	275
Irish	120
Scottish Gaelic	35
Welsh	35
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	85
Germanic languages	28,325
Frisian	40
High German languages	25,545
German	17,050
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	300
Yiddish	8,490
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,020
Afrikaans	205
Dutch	1,645
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	175
Scandinavian languages	1,440
Danish	425
Icelandic	45
Norwegian	285
Swedish	820
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80
Greek	20,685
Indo-Iranian languages	77,115
Indo-Aryan languages	58,875
Assamese	35
Bengali	12,945
Gujarati	6,930
Hindi	24,370
Kacchi	195
Kashmiri	40
Konkani	155
Marathi	780
Nepali	485
Oriya languages	45
Odia	30
Oriya, n.o.s.	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,580
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	100
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	845
Urdu	11,425
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	500
Iranian languages	18,895
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	780
Parsi	80
Pashto	1,225
Persian languages	17,095
Dari	1,280
Iranian Persian	14,160
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,790
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	105
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	80
Italic (Romance) languages	293,340
Catalan	715
Italian	95,535
Portuguese	28,840
Romanian	15,245
Spanish	177,230
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	405
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	115
Japanese	4,585
Korean	5,035
Mongolian	180
Niger-Congo languages	31,565
Akan (Twi)	1,340
Bamanankan	1,540
Edo	245
Éwé	865
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,730
Ga	220
Ganda	75
Gikuyu	45
Igbo	485
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,825
Lingala	7,315
Luba-Kasai	520
Mòoré	620
Mwani	20
Ndebele	115
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,045
Shona	245
Soninke	465
Sotho-Tswana languages	45
Swahili	3,405
Wojenaka	1,005
Wolof	4,030
Yoruba	2,040
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	7,005
Nilo-Saharan languages	705
Dinka	10
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	690
African, n.o.s.	425
Sign languages	1,985
American Sign Language	495
Quebec Sign Language	1,345
Sign languages, n.i.e.	340
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,545
Chinese languages	56,370
Hakka	335
Mandarin	41,405
Min Dong	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,725
Wu (Shanghainese)	695
Yue (Cantonese)	19,045
Chinese, n.o.s.	860
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105
Tibeto-Burman languages	180
Burmese	65
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55
Tai-Kadai languages	2,755
Lao	1,985
Thai	1,085
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30
Turkic languages	9,265
Azerbaijani	520
Kazakh	60
Turkish	8,445
Uyghur	205
Uzbek	140
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205
Uralic languages	3,265
Estonian	85
Finnish	245
Hungarian	2,945
Other languages, n.i.e.	425
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,315
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,315
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,065
Métis	5,705
Inuk (Inuit)	545
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	695
Non-Indigenous identity	1,707,915
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,465
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,719,765
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	816,355
Owner	297,340
Renter	519,020
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	816,355
Condominium	178,700
Not condominium	637,660
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	816,355
No bedrooms	19,020
1 bedroom	254,075
2 bedrooms	284,300
3 bedrooms	194,410
4 or more bedrooms	64,550
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	816,355
1 to 4 rooms	473,475
5 rooms	155,105
6 rooms	69,335
7 rooms	48,130
8 or more rooms	70,315
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	816,355
One person or fewer per room	789,745
More than one person per room	26,615
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	816,355
Suitable	745,905
Not suitable	70,450
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	816,355
1960 or before	293,880
1961 to 1980	248,030
1981 to 1990	89,700
1991 to 2000	57,865
2001 to 2005	28,770
2006 to 2010	30,795
2011 to 2015	33,075
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	34,235
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	816,355
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	746,280
Major repairs needed	70,075
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	816,355
One-maintainer household	494,140
Two-maintainer household	291,245
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,970
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	816,355
15 to 24 years	39,665
25 to 34 years	154,835
35 to 44 years	156,945
45 to 54 years	137,925
55 to 64 years	137,110
65 to 74 years	105,800
75 to 84 years	59,160
85 years and over	24,920
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	808,950
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	612,990
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	195,960
30% to less than 100%	171,990
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	816,355
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	301,530
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	168,425
Not suitable only	52,965
Major repairs needed only	46,120
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10,065
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	16,530
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	6,480
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	940
Acceptable housing	514,825
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	784,980
In core need	82,165
Not in core need	702,815
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	297,340
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,532
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,500
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	519,015
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	969
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,723,230
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,560
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,165
Métis single ancestry	880
Inuit single ancestry	350
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	28,175
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	27,945
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25,185
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,686,490
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,723,230
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,434,570
Canadian citizens aged under 18	279,730
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,154,835
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	288,660
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,723,230
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,017,325
Immigrants⁸¹	576,120
Before 1980	87,415
1980 to 1990	59,835
1991 to 2000	95,220
2001 to 2010	139,575
2011 to 2021⁸²	194,080
2011 to 2015	90,040
2016 to 2021	104,040
Non-permanent residents⁸³	129,780
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	576,125
Under 5 years	45,920
5 to 14 years	90,130
15 to 24 years	104,655
25 to 44 years	290,245
45 years and over	45,170
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	576,125
Americas	127,690
Brazil	3,760
Colombia	8,195
El Salvador	6,400
Guyana	1,350
Haiti	47,555
Jamaica	2,670
Mexico	8,225
Peru	6,715
Trinidad and Tobago	2,120
United States of America	10,180
Other places of birth in Americas	30,520
Europe	137,155
Bosnia and Herzegovina	780
Croatia	760
France	39,280
Germany	2,480
Greece	7,730
Hungary	1,365
Italy	30,215
Netherlands	500
Poland	4,685
Portugal	7,715
Romania	9,655
Russian Federation	5,520
Serbia⁸⁶	675
Ukraine	4,385
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,005
Other places of birth in Europe	17,395
Africa	140,555
Algeria	43,840
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	6,025
Egypt	9,400
Eritrea	495
Ethiopia	660
Morocco	33,005
Nigeria	1,200
Somalia	400
South Africa, Republic of	415
Other places of birth in Africa	45,115
Asia	169,860
Afghanistan	1,100
Iran⁸⁸	9,815
Iraq	1,610
Lebanon	17,455
Syria⁸⁹	12,040
Turkey	4,010
China⁹⁰	26,330
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,375
Korea, South⁹²	2,680
Taiwan	1,265
Philippines	20,475
Viet Nam	16,395
Bangladesh	7,035
India	13,570
Pakistan	5,730
Sri Lanka	6,965
Other places of birth in Asia	21,010
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	860
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	104,040
Americas	15,850
Brazil	1,105
Colombia	1,260
Haiti	5,495
Jamaica	135
Mexico	1,320
United States of America	2,255
Venezuela⁹⁵	915
Other places of birth in Americas	3,375
Europe	17,760
France	11,735
Germany	235
Ireland⁹⁶	55
Italy	420
Russian Federation	625
Ukraine	750
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480
Other places of birth in Europe	3,465
Africa	34,835
Algeria	10,085
Burundi	715
Cameroon	3,555
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,490
Côte d'Ivoire	1,625
Egypt	1,470
Eritrea	275
Ethiopia	90
Morocco	5,375
Nigeria	550
Somalia	40
South Africa, Republic of	105
Sudan⁹⁷	70
Tunisia	3,360
Other places of birth in Africa	6,015
Asia	35,290
Afghanistan	180
Bangladesh	960
China⁹⁰	4,960
Hong Kong⁹¹	55
India	5,690
Iran⁸⁸	2,275
Iraq	245
Israel	145
Japan	185
Jordan	355
Korea, South⁹²	750
Lebanon	1,710
Nepal	180
Pakistan	1,030
Philippines	5,730
Saudi Arabia	860
Sri Lanka	500
Syria⁸⁹	5,895
Turkey	520
United Arab Emirates	580
Viet Nam	910
Other places of birth in Asia	1,565
Oceania and other⁹³	305
Australia	195
Other places of birth⁹⁸	110
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,723,225
First generation¹⁰⁰	725,270
Second generation¹⁰¹	361,130
Third generation or more¹⁰²	636,825
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	488,705
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	267,215
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	135,610
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	131,610
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	133,215
Refugees¹⁰⁸	79,320
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	8,955
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	488,705
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50,275
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50,365
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	11,765
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25,200
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	4,400
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	346,705
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,723,230
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	668,975
South Asian	79,670
Chinese	56,935
Black	198,610
Filipino	27,355
Arab	141,935
Latin American	78,150
Southeast Asian	37,905
West Asian	17,500
Korean	5,245
Japanese	2,645
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,470
Multiple visible minorities	17,540
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,054,255
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,723,230
Canadian	216,645
English	43,185
Irish	80,635
Scottish	44,880
French, n.o.s.¹²²	307,670
German	31,730
Chinese	61,715
Italian	135,430
Indian (India)	36,920
Ukrainian	14,865
Dutch	6,520
Polish	23,515
Québécois	103,145
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,665
Filipino	26,105
French Canadian	59,380
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	19,910
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15,970
Métis	3,645
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,450
Russian	20,180
Norwegian	2,370
Welsh	3,345
Portuguese	23,120
American	11,970
Spanish	31,535
Swedish	2,500
Hungarian	9,065
Acadian	11,725
Pakistani	9,080
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	33,155
Jewish	26,680
Punjabi	5,655
Vietnamese	26,955
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	52,935
Greek	26,980
Jamaican	5,905
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,475
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	780
Korean	5,445
Romanian	16,255
Lebanese	30,115
Iranian	12,890
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	11,615
Danish	1,820
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,710
Sikh	3,335
Austrian	3,485
Belgian	10,940
Haitian	80,485
Hindu	5,610
Mexican	15,365
Mennonite	385
Swiss	5,470
Finnish	1,000
Sri Lankan	7,720
Croatian	2,230
Japanese	3,565
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,770
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,310
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,300
Muslim	8,530
Egyptian	13,040
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	12,215
Tamil	4,835
Icelandic	345
Colombian	11,580
Moroccan	37,360
Czech	2,395
Syrian	13,935
Guyanese	1,650
Afghan	1,885
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	7,275
Serbian	1,755
Ojibway	250
Newfoundlander	390
Hong Konger	1,000
Ontarian	795
Persian	4,285
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,925
Turkish	8,160
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	775
Bangladeshi	8,790
Algerian	40,570
Brazilian	6,440
Nigerian	1,780
Armenian	10,715
Slovak	1,375
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,990
Somali	1,155
Taiwanese	1,860
Iraqi	1,770
Salvadorean	9,125
African Caribbean	5,045
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,775
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	3,005
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	4,900
Algonquin	1,725
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,900
Lithuanian	2,110
South African	465
Australian	830
Palestinian	3,525
Chilean	6,025
Congolese	9,965
Nova Scotian	505
Ethiopian	965
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	3,165
Peruvian	8,415
Yoruba	1,710
Cambodian (Khmer)	8,775
Berber	19,835
Albanian	2,560
Maltese	360
Macedonian	325
Slovenian	825
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	2,185
New Brunswicker	850
Gujarati	880
Eritrean	615
African Canadian	1,290
Israeli	2,760
Mohawk	1,345
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550
Bulgarian	4,040
Albertan	100
Ghanaian	1,735
Barbadian	2,410
African American	1,600
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	825
Tunisian	11,510
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,350
Cuban	3,770
Bosnian	510
Venezuelan	3,895
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,610
Latvian	625
Bengali	3,570
Cameroonian	6,740
Guatemalan	4,875
Indonesian	1,000
Laotian	2,510
Ilocano	1,085
Northern Irish	310
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	585
British Columbian	90
Ecuadorian	1,190
Franco Ontarian	675
Argentinian	2,545
Estonian	365
Kurdish	1,470
Fijian	15
Jatt	390
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	715
Coptic	2,240
Thai	1,150
Dominican	5,245
Nepali	430
Kabyle	10,940
Assyrian	345
Igbo	565
Byelorussian	1,090
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100
Abenaki	1,685
Moldovan	3,295
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,120
New Zealander	265
Sudanese	300
Breton	3,775
Pennsylvania Dutch	45
Malaysian	375
Plains Cree	35
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	5,440
Huron (Wendat)	1,425
Saskatchewanian	70
Buddhist	690
Gaspesian	1,565
Norman	1,850
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	260
Ivorian	3,370
Saulteaux	35
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140
Burundian	2,120
Tigrinya	370
Nicaraguan	1,255
Mauritian	1,955
Kenyan	210
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	2,215
Jordanian	770
Manitoban	110
Cape Bretoner	50
Rwandan	2,125
Grenadian	910
Malayali	335
Chaldean	110
Sinhalese	310
Mayan	1,695
Honduran	2,260
Cherokee	195
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15
Indo-Caribbean	280
Flemish	520
United Empire Loyalist	90
Senegalese	3,165
Azerbaijani	510
Sicilian	970
Pashtun	475
Malay	300
Goan	115
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	1,635
Tibetan	135
Zimbabwean	180
Burmese	225
Mongolian	480
Azorean	730
Atikamekw	325
Bamileke	2,160
Indo-Guyanese	125
Ugandan	100
Oromo	50
Tanzanian	175
Yemeni	515
Central African	1,415
Libyan	590
Basque	980
Uruguayan	785
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	545
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	870
Igorot	290
Fulani	2,380
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	2,670
St. Lucian	255
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	200
Beninese	2,000
Telugu	180
Roma	235
Costa Rican	720
African Nova Scotian	215
Malagasy	1,625
Kashmiri	75
Singaporean	75
Karen	10
Edo	290
Tajik	100
Amhara	95
Paraguayan	90
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,723,230
Buddhist	26,395
Christian	853,205
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105,435
Anabaptist	195
Anglican	9,480
Baptist	11,620
Catholic	602,630
Christian Orthodox	55,730
Jehovah's Witness	6,790
Latter Day Saints	1,140
Lutheran	1,510
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	840
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,860
Presbyterian	2,615
Reformed	310
United Church	3,950
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	36,100
Hindu	30,430
Jewish	35,930
Muslim	218,395
Sikh	15,630
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,860
No religion and secular perspectives	534,180
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,706,230
Non-movers	1,471,775
Movers	234,450
Non-migrants	174,665
Migrants	59,790
Internal migrants	31,510
Intraprovincial migrants	22,730
Interprovincial migrants	8,780
External migrants	28,280
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,634,705
Non-movers	890,430
Movers	744,270
Non-migrants	416,555
Migrants	327,720
Internal migrants	145,860
Intraprovincial migrants	118,675
Interprovincial migrants	27,185
External migrants	181,860
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	253,885
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,199,415
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,205
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115,240
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	865,970
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295
No certificate, diploma or degree	228,310
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	281,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	943,545
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420,630
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135,320
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	98,575
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	36,750
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	226,630
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	58,675
Bachelor's degree or higher	522,915
Bachelor's degree	294,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	51,000
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	13,135
Master's degree	138,940
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25,315
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,670
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	146,020
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	737,515
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	302,205
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	103,365
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	76,115
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	27,250
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155,015
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,825
Bachelor's degree or higher	435,315
Bachelor's degree	239,785
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	42,855
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10,470
Master's degree	121,575
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20,630
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,453,300
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	509,755
Education	47,580
13. Education	47,580
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	63,605
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,690
50. Visual and performing arts	55,915
Humanities	69,055
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	13,280
23. English language and literature/letters	7,005
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,785
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	750
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,470
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,895
54. History	5,890
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10,980
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,105
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,930
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	21,825
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	16,140
22. Legal professions and studies	24,300
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,725
42. Psychology	18,040
45. Social sciences	49,145
Business, management and public administration	212,570
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,270
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	202,105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	48,295
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,755
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,970
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	4,885
40. Physical sciences	14,030
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,650
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	58,555
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,925
25. Library science	3,205
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,060
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,365
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	153,375
04. Architecture and related services	11,945
14. Engineering	67,700
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,350
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65
46. Construction trades	19,805
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,350
48. Precision production	11,150
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,155
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,670
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,490
Health and related fields	106,500
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	6,050
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95,775
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	170
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	4,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	38,585
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	24,500
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	160
43. Security and protective services	6,385
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,525
Other¹⁷⁹	165
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	981,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	243,690
Education	33,780
13. Education	33,780
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50,935
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	6,360
50. Visual and performing arts	44,575
Humanities	46,970
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10,150
23. English language and literature/letters	5,430
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	14,680
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	530
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,255
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,090
54. History	4,355
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	7,470
Social and behavioural sciences and law	106,455
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,550
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	18,665
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,815
22. Legal professions and studies	19,485
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,760
42. Psychology	13,520
45. Social sciences	37,670
Business, management and public administration	173,115
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,055
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	164,900
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,990
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	16,185
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,955
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,310
40. Physical sciences	10,390
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	48,495
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40,770
25. Library science	2,310
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,525
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	890
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	123,175
04. Architecture and related services	10,010
14. Engineering	57,935
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	18,540
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65
46. Construction trades	15,040
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,695
48. Precision production	7,890
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,675
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,650
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,020
Health and related fields	82,510
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,900
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	73,950
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	145
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	3,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,275
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	19,020
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95
43. Security and protective services	5,050
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,095
Other¹⁷⁹	135
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	981,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	243,690
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	737,515
Location of study inside Canada	529,195
Same as province or territory of residence	503,230
Different than province or territory of residence	25,965
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	208,320
Americas	36,730
United States of America	10,760
Mexico	4,800
Cuba	1,340
Haiti	5,065
Jamaica	110
Brazil	3,765
Colombia	3,560
Peru	1,375
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,680
Other locations of study in Americas	4,265
Europe	68,060
Belgium	1,775
France	41,640
Germany	1,035
Netherlands	465
Switzerland	965
Hungary	195
Moldova¹⁸³	1,825
Poland	815
Romania	3,250
Russian Federation	2,410
Ukraine	2,045
Ireland⁹⁶	285
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,680
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130
Italy	1,325
Serbia⁸⁶	115
Other locations of study in Europe	5,105
Africa	48,445
Nigeria	1,230
Algeria	19,210
Morocco	9,515
Tunisia	4,555
Egypt	3,025
South Africa, Republic of	250
Other locations of study in Africa	10,660
Asia	53,780
Iran⁸⁸	5,230
Iraq	330
Israel	520
Lebanon	4,185
Syria⁸⁹	3,120
Turkey	695
China⁹⁰	9,950
Taiwan	365
Hong Kong⁹¹	230
Japan	800
Korea, South⁹²	1,265
Philippines	8,890
Viet Nam	1,125
Bangladesh	2,020
Sri Lanka	645
India	9,500
Pakistan	1,165
Other locations of study in Asia	3,745
Oceania	1,305
Australia	1,095
New Zealand	165
Other locations of study in Oceania	50
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,453,295
In the labour force	959,135
Employed	859,920
Unemployed	99,210
Not in the labour force	494,165
Participation rate	66.0
Employment rate	59.2
Unemployment rate	10.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,453,300
Did not work¹⁸⁶	508,670
Worked	944,630
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	464,805
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	479,820
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	959,130
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	930,570
Employee	811,850
Permanent position	661,995
Temporary position	149,850
Fixed term (1 year or more)	63,645
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	86,205
Self-employed¹⁹²	118,725
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	959,130
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560
All occupations¹⁹¹	930,570
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	14,540
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	180,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	101,555
3 Health occupations	75,605
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	124,755
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	56,870
6 Sales and service occupations	234,485
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	98,535
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,025
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,850
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	959,130
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560
All industries¹⁹¹	930,570
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,195
22 Utilities	5,150
23 Construction	33,445
31-33 Manufacturing	76,115
41 Wholesale trade	33,845
44-45 Retail trade	98,705
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	49,075
51 Information and cultural industries	40,020
52 Finance and insurance	47,065
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,780
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	113,755
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,720
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45,325
61 Educational services	84,380
62 Health care and social assistance	128,175
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20,970
72 Accommodation and food services	53,745
81 Other services (except public administration)	39,595
91 Public administration	38,595
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,016,810
English	161,015
French	399,340
Non-official language	7,340
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	7,330
English and French	405,305
English and non-official language(s)	10,790
French and non-official language(s)	7,145
English, French and non-official language(s)	25,465
Multiple non-official languages	420
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,016,810
Single responses	908,980
Official languages	895,835
English	286,010
French	609,825
Non-official languages	13,145
Indigenous languages³⁹	20
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,120
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,295
Berber languages	20
Kabyle	20
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,275
Amharic	0
Arabic	1,190
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	70
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,220
Khmer (Cambodian)	175
Vietnamese	1,045
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	120
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	210
Haitian Creole	210
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	80
Kannada	0
Malayalam	10
Tamil	75
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	6,260
Albanian	10
Armenian	80
Balto-Slavic languages	550
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	550
Bulgarian	15
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	90
Russian	385
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	825
Frisian	0
High German languages	790
German	95
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	695
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	175
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405
Bengali	85
Gujarati	20
Hindi	120
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,080
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	100
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	285
Kurdish	0
Pashto	25
Persian languages	255
Dari	20
Iranian Persian	225
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,925
Catalan	0
Italian	310
Portuguese	245
Romanian	80
Spanish	2,290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	125
Korean	240
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	45
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	10
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	85
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	60
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,325
Chinese languages	3,325
Hakka	0
Mandarin	2,100
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	0
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	85
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	80
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	15
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	107,830
English and French	99,075
English and non-official language(s)	3,105
French and non-official language(s)	2,345
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,255
Multiple non-official languages	45
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,016,810
None	667,690
English	201,200
French	115,950
Non-official language	14,925
Indigenous³⁹	65
Non-Indigenous	14,860
English and French	1,155
English and non-official language(s)	8,605
French and non-official language(s)	5,480
English, French and non-official language(s)	165
Multiple non-official languages	1,645
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	859,920
Worked at home	260,415
Worked outside Canada	2,775
No fixed workplace address	81,290
Usual place of work	515,440
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	515,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	413,515
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	46,495
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	53,810
Commute to a different province or territory	1,620
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	596,730
Car, truck or van	338,295
Car, truck or van - as a driver	313,045
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25,245
Public transit	169,380
Walked	57,390
Bicycle	20,425
Other method	11,255
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	596,730
Less than 15 minutes	106,580
15 to 29 minutes	211,950
30 to 44 minutes	161,385
45 to 59 minutes	62,880
60 minutes and over	53,935
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	596,730
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,870
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	86,515
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	147,765
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	130,185
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	93,190
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,205
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	321,810
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80,715
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	241,095
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	226,825
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60,615
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	48,760
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	11,855
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	166,210

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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