Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Muskoka, District municipality (DM)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	66,674	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	60,614^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	47,560	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	28,571	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17.4	...	...	17.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,839.47	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	66,675	33,235	33,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,175	4,145	4,035	12.3	12.5	12.1
0 to 4 years	2,480	1,265	1,210	3.7	3.8	3.6
5 to 9 years	2,705	1,360	1,350	4.1	4.1	4.0
10 to 14 years	2,990	1,520	1,470	4.5	4.6	4.4
15 to 64 years	39,645	20,035	19,610	59.5	60.3	58.7
15 to 19 years	2,830	1,510	1,320	4.2	4.5	3.9
20 to 24 years	2,870	1,495	1,370	4.3	4.5	4.1
25 to 29 years	3,175	1,640	1,535	4.8	4.9	4.6
30 to 34 years	3,505	1,750	1,760	5.3	5.3	5.3
35 to 39 years	3,660	1,900	1,765	5.5	5.7	5.3
40 to 44 years	3,310	1,685	1,625	5.0	5.1	4.9
45 to 49 years	3,460	1,790	1,675	5.2	5.4	5.0
50 to 54 years	4,130	2,015	2,115	6.2	6.1	6.3
55 to 59 years	6,075	3,020	3,050	9.1	9.1	9.1
60 to 64 years	6,625	3,230	3,390	9.9	9.7	10.1
65 years and over	18,850	9,055	9,795	28.3	27.2	29.3
65 to 69 years	5,955	2,965	2,985	8.9	8.9	8.9
70 to 74 years	4,785	2,420	2,365	7.2	7.3	7.1
75 to 79 years	3,485	1,690	1,785	5.2	5.1	5.3
80 to 84 years	2,295	1,085	1,215	3.4	3.3	3.6
85 years and over	2,335	895	1,445	3.5	2.7	4.3
85 to 89 years	1,435	595	840	2.2	1.8	2.5
90 to 94 years	685	245	440	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	200	50	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.3	12.5	12.1	12.3	12.5	12.1
15 to 64 years	59.5	60.3	58.7	59.5	60.3	58.7
65 years and over	28.3	27.2	29.3	28.3	27.2	29.3
85 years and over	3.5	2.7	4.3	3.5	2.7	4.3
Average age of the population	48.3	47.5	49.0	48.3	47.5	49.0
Median age of the population	52.8	52.0	54.0	52.8	52.0	54.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	28,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,560	...	...	82.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	420	...	...	1.5	...	...
Row house	830	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	665	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,390	...	...	8.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	280	...	...	1.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	185	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	255	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,115	...	...	28.4	...	...
2 persons	12,050	...	...	42.2	...	...
3 persons	3,735	...	...	13.1	...	...
4 persons	3,065	...	...	10.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,605	...	...	5.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	64,575	32,050	32,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	58,495	29,090	29,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	35,735	17,890	17,845	61.1	61.5	60.7
Married	28,995	14,530	14,465	49.6	49.9	49.2
Living common-law	6,745	3,360	3,380	11.5	11.6	11.5
Living common law - Never married	4,130	2,040	2,085	7.1	7.0	7.1
Living common law - Separated	470	270	205	0.8	0.9	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,850	920	925	3.2	3.2	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	295	125	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	22,760	11,200	11,560	38.9	38.5	39.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,570	7,220	5,345	21.5	24.8	18.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,755	855	895	3.0	2.9	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,180	2,045	2,135	7.1	7.0	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,265	1,080	3,180	7.3	3.7	10.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	20,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,635	...	...	62.9	...	...
3 persons	3,585	...	...	17.8	...	...
4 persons	2,855	...	...	14.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,010	...	...	5.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	20,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	17,385	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	14,015	...	...	69.8	...	...
With children⁶	5,260	...	...	26.2	...	...
Without children	8,755	...	...	43.6	...	...
Common-law couples	3,370	...	...	16.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,255	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	2,115	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,705	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,005	...	...	10.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	695	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	64,580	32,050	32,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	52,860	26,270	26,590	81.9	82.0	81.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	34,775	17,355	17,420	53.8	54.1	53.6
Parents in one-parent families	2,705	700	2,005	4.2	2.2	6.2
Children⁶	15,385	8,215	7,165	23.8	25.6	22.0
In a two-parent family	11,395	6,045	5,350	17.6	18.9	16.4
In a one-parent family	3,990	2,175	1,815	6.2	6.8	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,715	5,780	5,930	18.1	18.0	18.2
Living alone	8,110	3,960	4,155	12.6	12.4	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,360	590	770	2.1	1.8	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,235	1,235	1,005	3.5	3.9	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	17,770	...	...	62.2	...	...
Couple-family households	15,750	...	...	55.1	...	...
With children⁶	5,805	...	...	20.3	...	...
Without children	9,940	...	...	34.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,025	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	695	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	190	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	860	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	945	...	...	3.3	...	...
One-person households	8,115	...	...	28.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	56,410	27,915	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,210	27,250	27,960	97.9	97.6	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,800	36,000	40,800	46,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,275	27,290	27,990	98.0	97.8	98.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,600	32,800	36,800	41,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,660	24,930	24,730	88.0	89.3	86.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,200	26,800	33,600	41,200	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,185	19,555	17,630	65.9	70.1	61.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	37,200	26,800	32,000	37,200	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,170	24,670	25,500	88.9	88.4	89.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	9,600	12,400	11,200	9,600	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,265	2,530	2,730	9.3	9.1	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,000	5,720	5,920	6,000	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,965	6,650	7,315	24.8	23.8	25.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	56,415	27,920	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,330	27,290	28,040	98.1	97.7	98.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,750	66,100	45,720	55,750	66,100	45,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,400	27,330	28,070	98.2	97.9	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,400	38,880	45,560	52,400	38,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,705	24,925	24,780	88.1	89.3	87.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,160	61,600	38,640	50,160	61,600	38,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,180	19,485	17,695	65.9	69.8	62.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	52,900	37,520	45,600	52,900	37,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,340	24,735	25,605	89.2	88.6	89.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,750	10,840	12,640	11,750	10,840	12,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,395	2,535	2,860	9.6	9.1	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,840	6,780	6,900	6,840	6,780	6,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,115	6,700	7,415	25.0	24.0	26.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,440	8,120	8,720	8,440	8,120	8,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	56,415	27,920	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,865	9,000	6,865	28.1	32.2	24.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	62,000	55,200	59,200	62,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,000	80,100	63,650	73,000	80,100	63,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,640	7,325	8,315	27.7	26.2	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	21,600	15,600	17,800	21,600	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,720	35,360	22,900	28,720	35,360	22,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.2	74.8	80.8	85.2	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.9	57.2	51.8	54.9	57.2	51.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	14.9	25.2	19.2	14.9	25.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.4	6.0	4.5	3.4	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.0	5.1	3.9	3.0	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	56,415	27,920	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,205	665	535	2.1	2.4	1.9
With total income	55,210	27,250	27,960	97.9	97.6	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,060	1,765	2,290	7.4	6.5	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	6,870	2,730	4,135	12.4	10.0	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	8,890	3,770	5,125	16.1	13.8	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,170	3,145	4,020	13.0	11.5	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,580	3,195	3,380	11.9	11.7	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,335	2,820	2,510	9.7	10.3	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,210	2,365	1,845	7.6	8.7	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,930	1,745	1,185	5.3	6.4	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,070	1,220	845	3.7	4.5	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,620	950	665	2.9	3.5	2.4
$100,000 and over	5,485	3,540	1,945	9.9	13.0	7.0
$100,000 to $149,999	3,415	2,070	1,350	6.2	7.6	4.8
$150,000 and over	2,070	1,470	600	3.7	5.4	2.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	56,415	27,920	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,140	630	505	2.0	2.3	1.8
With after-tax income	55,275	27,285	27,985	98.0	97.7	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,500	1,915	2,580	8.1	7.0	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,260	2,880	4,380	13.1	10.6	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	9,980	4,305	5,680	18.1	15.8	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	8,550	3,955	4,600	15.5	14.5	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	7,575	3,840	3,735	13.7	14.1	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,510	3,115	2,390	10.0	11.4	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,655	2,105	1,555	6.6	7.7	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,390	1,430	960	4.3	5.2	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,745	965	780	3.2	3.5	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,065	680	385	1.9	2.5	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,050	2,105	945	5.5	7.7	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,410	920	490	2.6	3.4	1.8
$125,000 and over	1,640	1,185	455	3.0	4.3	1.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	56,415	27,920	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	19,230	8,365	10,865	34.1	30.0	38.1
With employment income	37,180	19,555	17,625	65.9	70.0	61.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,570	3,470	3,095	17.7	17.7	17.6
$5,000 to $9,999	3,170	1,385	1,780	8.5	7.1	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	4,535	1,945	2,590	12.2	9.9	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	3,595	1,665	1,935	9.7	8.5	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	3,535	1,740	1,790	9.5	8.9	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	3,405	1,755	1,650	9.2	9.0	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,790	1,645	1,145	7.5	8.4	6.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,305	1,330	975	6.2	6.8	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,530	965	570	4.1	4.9	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,225	740	490	3.3	3.8	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,095	620	480	2.9	3.2	2.7
$100,000 and over	3,430	2,310	1,125	9.2	11.8	6.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,520	915	600	4.1	4.7	3.4
$125,000 and over	1,910	1,390	525	5.1	7.1	3.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	56,410	27,915	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,585	26,890	27,695	96.8	96.3	97.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	33,600	39,200	46,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,615	26,895	27,720	96.8	96.3	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	30,600	35,200	40,400	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,515	24,760	24,755	87.8	88.7	86.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,400	28,600	34,800	42,400	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,885	19,760	18,125	67.2	70.8	63.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,200	28,800	33,200	39,200	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,715	23,295	24,415	84.6	83.4	85.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	4,520	8,100	7,000	4,520	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,145	2,035	2,105	7.3	7.3	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,080	5,480	5,720	6,080	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	56,415	27,920	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,750	27,010	27,745	97.0	96.7	97.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,300	61,550	43,320	52,300	61,550	43,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,780	27,010	27,770	97.1	96.7	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	49,600	36,960	43,200	49,600	36,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,780	24,925	24,855	88.2	89.3	87.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,040	59,000	39,040	49,040	59,000	39,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,190	19,935	18,255	67.7	71.4	64.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,880	53,300	37,760	45,880	53,300	37,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,015	23,435	24,575	85.1	83.9	86.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,170	9,390	8,800	8,170	9,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,295	2,120	2,165	7.6	7.6	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920	6,690	7,150	6,920	6,690	7,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	56,415	27,920	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,755	8,940	6,815	27.9	32.0	23.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	60,000	50,800	56,000	60,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,400	76,400	60,200	69,400	76,400	60,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,110	7,090	8,015	26.8	25.4	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	27,200	21,200	23,400	27,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,920	41,240	27,400	33,920	41,240	27,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2	88.4	80.8	85.2	88.4	80.8
Employment income (%)	61.2	63.9	57.4	61.2	63.9	57.4
Government transfers (%)	14.8	11.5	19.2	14.8	11.5	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.9	1.3	1.0	0.9	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	28,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	28,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,300	...	...	88,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,500	...	...	60,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,280	...	...	48,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,800	...	...	126,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...	104,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	500	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,080	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,005	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	880	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	985	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,160	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,145	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,120	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,215	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,970	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,850	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,780	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,140	...	...	39.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,550	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,415	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,670	...	...	9.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,505	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	530	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,145	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,160	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,020	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,225	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,385	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,280	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,605	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,405	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,360	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,160	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,845	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,620	...	...	30.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,400	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,005	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,210	...	...	11.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	19,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,355	5,190	5,160	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,000	38,400	40,000	42,000	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	37,600	34,800	36,000	37,600	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	19,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,600	...	...	103,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,300	...	...	117,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...	95,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	156,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,500	...	...	127,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,600	...	...	82,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,800	...	...	72,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,380	5,145	5,240	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,500	66,700	48,440	57,500	66,700	48,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,200	51,200	41,240	46,200	51,200	41,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	64,575	32,055	32,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,835	5,020	4,815	15.2	15.7	14.8
0 to 5 years	3,010	1,530	1,480	4.7	4.8	4.6
18 to 64 years	36,975	18,305	18,665	57.3	57.1	57.4
65 years and over	17,765	8,725	9,040	27.5	27.2	27.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,350	3,060	3,290	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	960	490	475	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	320	160	160	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,485	1,750	1,730	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,905	815	1,090	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.8	9.5	10.1	9.8	9.5	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.8	9.7	9.8	9.8	9.7	9.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	10.7	10.8	10.7	10.7	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.6	9.3	9.4	9.6	9.3
65 years and over (%)	10.7	9.4	12.0	10.7	9.4	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	64,365	31,955	32,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,770	4,975	4,790	15.2	15.6	14.8
0 to 5 years	2,985	1,515	1,475	4.6	4.7	4.6
18 to 64 years	36,860	18,265	18,595	57.3	57.2	57.4
65 years and over	17,735	8,710	9,025	27.6	27.3	27.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,770	940	830	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	200	95	110	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	60	30	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,310	730	585	...	...	...
65 years and over	255	115	135	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.1	1.9	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	4.0	3.2	3.6	4.0	3.2
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	64,575	32,055	32,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	32,155	15,620	16,535	49.8	48.7	50.8
In bottom decile	5,645	2,795	2,850	8.7	8.7	8.8
In second decile	6,390	2,990	3,405	9.9	9.3	10.5
In third decile	6,550	3,145	3,400	10.1	9.8	10.5
In fourth decile	6,875	3,355	3,520	10.6	10.5	10.8
In fifth decile	6,690	3,335	3,355	10.4	10.4	10.3
In top half of the distribution	32,425	16,435	15,990	50.2	51.3	49.2
In sixth decile	7,050	3,570	3,480	10.9	11.1	10.7
In seventh decile	6,515	3,245	3,270	10.1	10.1	10.1
In eighth decile	6,305	3,200	3,100	9.8	10.0	9.5
In ninth decile	6,220	3,150	3,070	9.6	9.8	9.4
In top decile	6,340	3,270	3,070	9.8	10.2	9.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	64,580	...	...	64,580	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.362	...	...	0.362	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.483	...	...	0.483	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.312	...	...	0.312	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	65,190	32,330	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	61,180	30,720	30,455	93.8	95.0	92.7
French only	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,945	1,580	2,365	6.1	4.9	7.2
Neither English nor French	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	65,190	32,330	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,415	32,005	32,415	98.8	99.0	98.7
French	670	270	395	1.0	0.8	1.2
English and French	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Neither English nor French	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	65,190	32,330	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,575	32,055	32,520	99.1	99.1	99.0
Official languages	61,665	30,660	31,005	94.6	94.8	94.4
English	60,945	30,360	30,585	93.5	93.9	93.1
French	720	300	415	1.1	0.9	1.3
Non-official languages	2,905	1,390	1,515	4.5	4.3	4.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,900	1,390	1,510	4.4	4.3	4.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,250	1,110	1,145	3.5	3.4	3.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	575	275	305	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baltic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	540	265	280	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	930	420	505	1.4	1.3	1.5
Frisian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	635	280	360	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	610	265	345	0.9	0.8	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	110	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	210	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	235	135	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	210	125	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	435	230	205	0.7	0.7	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	190	120	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Portuguese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	115	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	190	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Finnish	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	620	280	335	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	215	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	340	160	185	0.5	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	65,190	32,330	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	62,640	31,145	31,500	96.1	96.3	95.9
French	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	330	170	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	330	170	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	455	190	260	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,595	760	835	2.4	2.4	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	65,190	32,330	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,945	32,225	32,720	99.6	99.7	99.6
Official languages	64,210	31,855	32,360	98.5	98.5	98.5
English	64,120	31,815	32,310	98.4	98.4	98.3
French	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	730	375	355	1.1	1.2	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	730	375	355	1.1	1.2	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	515	270	245	0.8	0.8	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	250	105	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	185	80	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	65,195	32,335	32,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,250	31,435	31,810	97.0	97.2	96.8
English	350	180	175	0.5	0.6	0.5
French	375	160	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	1,025	465	555	1.6	1.4	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,010	460	545	1.5	1.4	1.7
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	64,580	32,055	32,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	64,550	32,035	32,510	100.0	99.9	100.0
English	64,545	32,030	32,510	99.9	99.9	100.0
French	3,905	1,635	2,270	6.0	5.1	7.0
Non-official languages	4,325	2,135	2,190	6.7	6.7	6.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,240	2,105	2,140	6.6	6.6	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	140	30	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	30	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,350	1,705	1,645	5.2	5.3	5.1
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	765	380	385	1.2	1.2	1.2
Baltic languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	720	370	350	1.1	1.2	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	310	150	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	145	90	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,285	670	610	2.0	2.1	1.9
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	920	485	435	1.4	1.5	1.3
German	905	475	425	1.4	1.5	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	335	170	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	295	150	140	0.5	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	280	160	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	255	150	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	165	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,105	510	595	1.7	1.6	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	375	210	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
Portuguese	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	640	280	360	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	110	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	240	130	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Estonian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	80	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungarian	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	64,580	32,055	32,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,655	1,200	1,455	4.1	3.7	4.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,520	1,130	1,390	3.9	3.5	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,505	685	820	2.3	2.1	2.5
Métis	1,015	445	570	1.6	1.4	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	61,925	30,855	31,070	95.9	96.3	95.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	64,580	32,055	32,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	870	425	445	1.3	1.3	1.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	63,705	31,625	32,075	98.6	98.7	98.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,485	...	...	82.2	...	...
Renter	5,025	...	...	17.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,285	...	...	4.5	...	...
Not condominium	27,285	...	...	95.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	2,280	...	...	8.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,495	...	...	22.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,865	...	...	41.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,845	...	...	27.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,235	...	...	18.3	...	...
5 rooms	4,330	...	...	15.2	...	...
6 rooms	4,905	...	...	17.2	...	...
7 rooms	4,385	...	...	15.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,720	...	...	34.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	28,390	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	180	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	27,805	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	770	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,040	...	...	21.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,970	...	...	27.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,560	...	...	16.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,305	...	...	11.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,810	...	...	6.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,670	...	...	5.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,405	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,810	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	26,370	...	...	92.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,205	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,180	...	...	49.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,440	...	...	47.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	950	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	320	...	...	1.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,555	...	...	8.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,470	...	...	12.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,985	...	...	13.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,995	...	...	24.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,430	...	...	22.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,480	...	...	12.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,330	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	28,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,845	...	...	80.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,465	...	...	19.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,895	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	28,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,705	...	...	27.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,865	...	...	17.0	...	...
Not suitable only	575	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,545	...	...	5.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	525	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,865	...	...	73.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	27,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,780	...	...	10.0	...	...
Not in core need	24,960	...	...	90.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,395	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.3	...	...	51.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,298	...	...	1,298	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	744,000	...	...	744,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,025	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.9	...	...	17.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.4	...	...	39.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.5	...	...	27.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,090	...	...	1,090	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,168	...	...	1,168	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	60	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	200	...	...	200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	370	...	...	370	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	64,575	32,055	32,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	875	390	485	1.4	1.2	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	805	345	460	1.2	1.1	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	645	275	375	1.0	0.9	1.2
Métis single ancestry	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,380	1,070	1,315	3.7	3.3	4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,330	1,035	1,295	3.6	3.2	4.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,650	770	885	2.6	2.4	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	660	260	395	1.0	0.8	1.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	61,320	30,595	30,725	95.0	95.4	94.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	64,575	32,050	32,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	63,385	31,490	31,895	98.2	98.3	98.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,765	4,950	4,815	15.1	15.4	14.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	53,615	26,540	27,075	83.0	82.8	83.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,190	565	630	1.8	1.8	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	64,575	32,050	32,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	59,135	29,395	29,740	91.6	91.7	91.4
Immigrants⁸¹	5,180	2,505	2,675	8.0	7.8	8.2
Before 1980	3,060	1,495	1,565	4.7	4.7	4.8
1980 to 1990	720	350	365	1.1	1.1	1.1
1991 to 2000	460	220	240	0.7	0.7	0.7
2001 to 2010	470	215	250	0.7	0.7	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	475	220	255	0.7	0.7	0.8
2011 to 2015	245	115	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
2016 to 2021	230	105	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	260	150	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,180	2,510	2,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	765	395	370	14.8	15.7	13.8
5 to 14 years	1,090	550	535	21.0	21.9	20.0
15 to 24 years	1,260	615	645	24.3	24.5	24.1
25 to 44 years	1,790	825	965	34.6	32.9	36.1
45 years and over	275	120	155	5.3	4.8	5.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,180	2,510	2,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	795	355	440	15.3	14.1	16.4
Brazil	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Colombia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Guyana	35	10	30	0.7	0.4	1.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	30	25	1.1	1.2	0.9
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	45	15	35	0.9	0.6	1.3
United States of America	490	235	255	9.5	9.4	9.5
Other places of birth in Americas	125	55	70	2.4	2.2	2.6
Europe	3,590	1,805	1,785	69.3	71.9	66.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	35	15	15	0.7	0.6	0.6
France	30	0	30	0.6	0.0	1.1
Germany	500	250	250	9.7	10.0	9.3
Greece	35	25	10	0.7	1.0	0.4
Hungary	50	20	25	1.0	0.8	0.9
Italy	165	120	40	3.2	4.8	1.5
Netherlands	245	135	115	4.7	5.4	4.3
Poland	210	110	95	4.1	4.4	3.6
Portugal	85	35	50	1.6	1.4	1.9
Romania	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.7
Russian Federation	35	25	10	0.7	1.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Ukraine	30	0	30	0.6	0.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,605	740	865	31.0	29.5	32.3
Other places of birth in Europe	510	290	220	9.8	11.6	8.2
Africa	150	75	70	2.9	3.0	2.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	10	0.2	0.4	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	65	25	40	1.3	1.0	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	55	35	20	1.1	1.4	0.7
Asia	605	265	345	11.7	10.6	12.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	20	35	1.2	0.8	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	60	20	45	1.2	0.8	1.7
Taiwan	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Philippines	95	15	75	1.8	0.6	2.8
Viet Nam	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	140	85	60	2.7	3.4	2.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	150	75	75	2.9	3.0	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	10	30	0.8	0.4	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	230	105	125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	20	30	21.7	19.0	24.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	30	15	20	13.0	14.3	16.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	6.5	0.0	8.0
Europe	90	45	45	39.1	42.9	36.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	4.3	0.0	8.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	6.5	14.3	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10	10.9	14.3	8.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	20	15.2	14.3	16.0
Africa	10	10	0	4.3	9.5	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	4.3	9.5	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	70	25	50	30.4	23.8	40.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	15	15.2	19.0	12.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	6.5	0.0	8.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	4.3	9.5	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	4.3	9.5	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	64,580	32,055	32,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,865	2,860	3,005	9.1	8.9	9.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,710	4,860	4,850	15.0	15.2	14.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	49,000	24,335	24,665	75.9	75.9	75.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,120	1,010	1,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	910	465	450	42.9	46.0	40.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	420	295	125	19.8	29.2	11.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	490	170	315	23.1	16.8	28.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	980	415	565	46.2	41.1	50.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	195	120	75	9.2	11.9	6.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	10	25	1.9	1.0	2.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,120	1,010	1,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	75	40	40	3.5	4.0	3.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	395	185	205	18.6	18.3	18.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	50	25	25	2.4	2.5	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	105	40	65	5.0	4.0	5.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	30	30	2.8	3.0	2.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,435	690	745	67.7	68.3	67.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	64,580	32,055	32,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,790	800	990	2.8	2.5	3.0
South Asian	440	245	190	0.7	0.8	0.6
Chinese	250	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Black	335	155	185	0.5	0.5	0.6
Filipino	160	45	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
Arab	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	130	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	120	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	62,785	31,250	31,535	97.2	97.5	97.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	64,580	32,055	32,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,035	5,605	5,430	17.1	17.5	16.7
English	23,250	11,385	11,865	36.0	35.5	36.5
Irish	16,635	7,775	8,860	25.8	24.3	27.2
Scottish	17,780	8,415	9,360	27.5	26.3	28.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,440	2,675	2,765	8.4	8.3	8.5
German	8,235	4,045	4,190	12.8	12.6	12.9
Chinese	375	175	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italian	2,260	1,185	1,075	3.5	3.7	3.3
Indian (India)	385	205	175	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ukrainian	1,920	965	955	3.0	3.0	2.9
Dutch	3,265	1,545	1,720	5.1	4.8	5.3
Polish	2,225	1,080	1,140	3.4	3.4	3.5
Québécois	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,300	2,160	2,145	6.7	6.7	6.6
Filipino	160	40	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
French Canadian	885	410	480	1.4	1.3	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,310	690	625	2.0	2.2	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	985	455	530	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis	940	415	525	1.5	1.3	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,100	575	525	1.7	1.8	1.6
Russian	655	310	345	1.0	1.0	1.1
Norwegian	490	265	225	0.8	0.8	0.7
Welsh	1,550	685	865	2.4	2.1	2.7
Portuguese	360	160	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
American	750	375	375	1.2	1.2	1.2
Spanish	295	100	195	0.5	0.3	0.6
Swedish	510	195	310	0.8	0.6	1.0
Hungarian	670	335	335	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jewish	235	140	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	235	165	75	0.4	0.5	0.2
Jamaican	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	135	50	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Lebanese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	255	120	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	430	210	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	395	195	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	340	170	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	155	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Swiss	455	200	255	0.7	0.6	0.8
Finnish	475	260	210	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lankan	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	230	130	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japanese	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	230	95	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	120	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	205	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	265	135	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Newfoundlander	275	125	160	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	450	235	215	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	195	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	130	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	90	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	190	110	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	215	125	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	160	85	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Malaysian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	64,575	32,055	32,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	130	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	34,235	16,065	18,170	53.0	50.1	55.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,070	2,525	2,550	7.9	7.9	7.8
Anabaptist	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	5,540	2,580	2,960	8.6	8.0	9.1
Baptist	1,675	765	910	2.6	2.4	2.8
Catholic	9,115	4,395	4,720	14.1	13.7	14.5
Christian Orthodox	305	155	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	270	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	540	295	250	0.8	0.9	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	175	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	690	320	370	1.1	1.0	1.1
Presbyterian	1,960	930	1,025	3.0	2.9	3.2
Reformed	70	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	6,635	2,895	3,740	10.3	9.0	11.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,050	890	1,160	3.2	2.8	3.6
Hindu	155	90	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	290	155	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Muslim	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sikh	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	320	95	230	0.5	0.3	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	29,260	15,475	13,785	45.3	48.3	42.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	64,140	31,845	32,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	57,050	28,410	28,640	88.9	89.2	88.7
Movers	7,085	3,435	3,655	11.0	10.8	11.3
Non-migrants	2,615	1,280	1,340	4.1	4.0	4.1
Migrants	4,475	2,160	2,315	7.0	6.8	7.2
Internal migrants	4,335	2,085	2,245	6.8	6.5	7.0
Intraprovincial migrants	4,135	1,985	2,155	6.4	6.2	6.7
Interprovincial migrants	200	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	62,070	30,835	31,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	36,975	18,465	18,510	59.6	59.9	59.3
Movers	25,095	12,370	12,730	40.4	40.1	40.8
Non-migrants	6,840	3,360	3,485	11.0	10.9	11.2
Migrants	18,255	9,010	9,240	29.4	29.2	29.6
Internal migrants	17,710	8,730	8,980	28.5	28.3	28.7
Intraprovincial migrants	16,845	8,310	8,535	27.1	26.9	27.3
Interprovincial migrants	865	420	445	1.4	1.4	1.4
External migrants	545	280	265	0.9	0.9	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,415	27,920	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,565	5,335	4,225	17.0	19.1	14.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,850	22,580	24,265	83.0	80.9	85.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,050	16,335	16,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,825	2,375	1,455	11.6	14.5	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	29,225	13,960	15,260	88.4	85.5	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,415	27,915	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,285	4,515	3,765	14.7	16.2	13.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,085	8,835	9,260	32.1	31.6	32.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,040	14,570	15,475	53.2	52.2	54.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,775	9,655	9,120	33.3	34.6	32.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,100	3,240	865	7.3	11.6	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,640	1,085	555	2.9	3.9	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,455	2,150	305	4.4	7.7	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,710	5,960	7,750	24.3	21.4	27.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	965	460	505	1.7	1.6	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,265	4,915	6,350	20.0	17.6	22.3
Bachelor's degree	7,985	3,360	4,625	14.2	12.0	16.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	835	360	475	1.5	1.3	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	330	210	120	0.6	0.8	0.4
Master's degree	1,880	870	1,005	3.3	3.1	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	235	110	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,050	16,335	16,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,230	1,990	1,235	9.8	12.2	7.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,295	5,260	5,030	31.1	32.2	30.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,530	9,080	10,445	59.1	55.6	62.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,365	6,325	6,045	37.4	38.7	36.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,590	2,070	525	7.8	12.7	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,030	690	345	3.1	4.2	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,565	1,380	185	4.7	8.4	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,305	4,025	5,275	28.2	24.6	31.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	470	230	235	1.4	1.4	1.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,170	2,760	4,405	21.7	16.9	26.3
Bachelor's degree	5,270	1,990	3,275	15.9	12.2	19.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	480	200	285	1.5	1.2	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	175	80	100	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	1,115	445	670	3.4	2.7	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	130	50	80	0.4	0.3	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,410	27,915	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,370	13,350	13,020	46.7	47.8	45.7
Education	2,060	575	1,490	3.7	2.1	5.2
13. Education	2,060	575	1,490	3.7	2.1	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,055	390	660	1.9	1.4	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	75	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	960	315	645	1.7	1.1	2.3
Humanities	1,720	640	1,080	3.0	2.3	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	465	115	355	0.8	0.4	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	450	185	265	0.8	0.7	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	110	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	230	125	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,730	1,175	2,560	6.6	4.2	9.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	350	120	230	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	775	50	730	1.4	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	540	145	390	1.0	0.5	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	40	100	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	670	175	495	1.2	0.6	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,175	620	555	2.1	2.2	1.9
Business, management and public administration	5,325	2,140	3,190	9.4	7.7	11.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	500	90	415	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,825	2,045	2,780	8.6	7.3	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	880	455	430	1.6	1.6	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	450	190	260	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	70	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	230	175	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	630	360	275	1.1	1.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	385	245	145	0.7	0.9	0.5
25. Library science	85	15	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,405	6,075	330	11.4	21.8	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	320	225	95	0.6	0.8	0.3
14. Engineering	695	630	60	1.2	2.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,280	1,185	90	2.3	4.2	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,730	1,705	25	3.1	6.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,695	1,675	20	3.0	6.0	0.1
48. Precision production	695	655	45	1.2	2.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,155	680	475	2.0	2.4	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	590	295	295	1.0	1.1	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	385	180	1.0	1.4	0.6
Health and related fields	4,920	985	3,940	8.7	3.5	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	700	310	385	1.2	1.1	1.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,100	595	3,505	7.3	2.1	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,140	1,100	1,035	3.8	3.9	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,065	305	760	1.9	1.1	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	775	510	260	1.4	1.8	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	285	15	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	33,055	16,335	16,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,520	7,250	6,270	40.9	44.4	37.5
Education	1,095	275	825	3.3	1.7	4.9
13. Education	1,095	275	825	3.3	1.7	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	780	280	500	2.4	1.7	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	705	220	480	2.1	1.3	2.9
Humanities	1,010	345	665	3.1	2.1	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	275	65	210	0.8	0.4	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	270	85	185	0.8	0.5	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	135	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,540	730	1,810	7.7	4.5	10.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280	75	205	0.8	0.5	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	555	45	515	1.7	0.3	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	375	80	300	1.1	0.5	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	405	100	310	1.2	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	770	390	380	2.3	2.4	2.3
Business, management and public administration	3,470	1,210	2,260	10.5	7.4	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	390	40	350	1.2	0.2	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,085	1,165	1,915	9.3	7.1	11.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	520	260	260	1.6	1.6	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	290	125	165	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	125	95	25	0.4	0.6	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	370	245	130	1.1	1.5	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	290	195	95	0.9	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,115	3,850	265	12.4	23.6	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	215	135	80	0.7	0.8	0.5
14. Engineering	350	300	50	1.1	1.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	805	735	70	2.4	4.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,200	1,180	15	3.6	7.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,080	1,060	20	3.3	6.5	0.1
48. Precision production	475	440	30	1.4	2.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	875	485	390	2.6	3.0	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	440	215	225	1.3	1.3	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	440	270	165	1.3	1.7	1.0
Health and related fields	3,155	590	2,565	9.5	3.6	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	525	210	315	1.6	1.3	1.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,560	355	2,210	7.7	2.2	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,595	815	775	4.8	5.0	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	775	240	535	2.3	1.5	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	640	410	240	1.9	2.5	1.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	175	170	10	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	33,055	16,335	16,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,520	7,250	6,270	40.9	44.4	37.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	19,535	9,085	10,450	59.1	55.6	62.5
Location of study inside Canada	18,205	8,440	9,770	55.1	51.7	58.4
Same as province or territory of residence	17,305	8,010	9,300	52.4	49.0	55.6
Different than province or territory of residence	905	430	475	2.7	2.6	2.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,325	645	680	4.0	3.9	4.1
Americas	580	295	280	1.8	1.8	1.7
United States of America	515	275	240	1.6	1.7	1.4
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	385	195	190	1.2	1.2	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Netherlands	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	165	75	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	260	105	150	0.8	0.6	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	80	15	65	0.2	0.1	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	56,415	27,915	28,495	...	...	...
In the labour force	32,595	17,130	15,465	...	...	...
Employed	29,065	15,375	13,690	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,530	1,755	1,770	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	23,820	10,785	13,030	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.8	61.4	54.3	57.8	61.4	54.3
Employment rate	51.5	55.1	48.0	51.5	55.1	48.0
Unemployment rate	10.8	10.2	11.4	10.8	10.2	11.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	56,410	27,915	28,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	22,915	10,470	12,450	40.6	37.5	43.7
Worked	33,495	17,450	16,050	59.4	62.5	56.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	16,525	9,420	7,105	29.3	33.7	24.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,975	8,025	8,945	30.1	28.7	31.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.4	41.4	39.4	40.4	41.4	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	32,590	17,130	15,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	585	320	260	1.8	1.9	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	32,015	16,810	15,200	98.2	98.1	98.3
Employee	25,085	12,560	12,530	77.0	73.3	81.0
Permanent position	20,880	10,600	10,280	64.1	61.9	66.5
Temporary position	4,200	1,955	2,250	12.9	11.4	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	985	435	550	3.0	2.5	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,215	1,520	1,700	9.9	8.9	11.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,930	4,250	2,675	21.3	24.8	17.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	32,590	17,130	15,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	585	320	260	1.8	1.9	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	32,015	16,810	15,200	98.2	98.1	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	515	360	155	1.6	2.1	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,465	1,010	3,460	13.7	5.9	22.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,545	1,230	305	4.7	7.2	2.0
3 Health occupations	2,150	385	1,770	6.6	2.2	11.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,465	1,075	2,395	10.6	6.3	15.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	815	345	465	2.5	2.0	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	8,665	3,300	5,360	26.6	19.3	34.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,230	7,495	735	25.3	43.8	4.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	985	685	305	3.0	4.0	2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,180	935	245	3.6	5.5	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	32,590	17,130	15,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	585	320	260	1.8	1.9	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	32,015	16,810	15,200	98.2	98.1	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	375	245	130	1.2	1.4	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	145	15	0.5	0.8	0.1
22 Utilities	310	240	70	1.0	1.4	0.5
23 Construction	5,310	4,565	745	16.3	26.6	4.8
31-33 Manufacturing	1,845	1,350	495	5.7	7.9	3.2
41 Wholesale trade	680	480	200	2.1	2.8	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	4,615	2,065	2,550	14.2	12.1	16.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	990	665	325	3.0	3.9	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	380	230	150	1.2	1.3	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	760	320	440	2.3	1.9	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	865	460	410	2.7	2.7	2.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,785	880	910	5.5	5.1	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,905	1,060	850	5.8	6.2	5.5
61 Educational services	1,825	490	1,335	5.6	2.9	8.6
62 Health care and social assistance	3,435	515	2,920	10.5	3.0	18.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,110	550	560	3.4	3.2	3.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,295	915	1,390	7.0	5.3	9.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,420	695	725	4.4	4.1	4.7
91 Public administration	1,900	940	960	5.8	5.5	6.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	35,780	18,605	17,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,270	18,350	16,920	98.6	98.6	98.5
French	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
English and French	270	135	130	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	185	100	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	35,780	18,605	17,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,720	18,575	17,140	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	35,685	18,560	17,125	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	35,630	18,545	17,085	99.6	99.7	99.5
French	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	35,780	18,605	17,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	35,375	18,390	16,985	98.9	98.8	98.9
English	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French	225	120	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	125	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	29,065	15,375	13,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,960	2,570	3,390	20.5	16.7	24.8
Worked outside Canada	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
No fixed workplace address	5,185	4,115	1,070	17.8	26.8	7.8
Usual place of work	17,870	8,660	9,205	61.5	56.3	67.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	17,865	8,660	9,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,610	4,815	5,795	59.4	55.6	63.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,605	2,365	2,235	25.8	27.3	24.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,610	1,450	1,165	14.6	16.7	12.7
Commute to a different province or territory	45	35	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	23,050	12,775	10,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	21,350	11,985	9,365	92.6	93.8	91.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,780	11,200	8,580	85.8	87.7	83.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,575	790	790	6.8	6.2	7.7
Public transit	85	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Walked	1,060	460	600	4.6	3.6	5.8
Bicycle	90	80	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	465	210	255	2.0	1.6	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	23,050	12,775	10,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,680	3,970	4,705	37.7	31.1	45.8
15 to 29 minutes	7,075	3,865	3,210	30.7	30.3	31.2
30 to 44 minutes	4,105	2,585	1,520	17.8	20.2	14.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,460	995	465	6.3	7.8	4.5
60 minutes and over	1,730	1,355	380	7.5	10.6	3.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	23,050	12,775	10,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,275	830	450	5.5	6.5	4.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,005	2,890	1,115	17.4	22.6	10.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,395	4,565	2,825	32.1	35.7	27.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,365	2,285	3,070	23.3	17.9	29.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,770	1,125	1,650	12.0	8.8	16.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,245	1,080	1,170	9.7	8.5	11.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,045	5,125	4,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	610	300	310	6.1	5.9	6.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,435	4,825	4,610	93.9	94.1	93.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,355	3,755	3,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	465	210	250	6.3	5.6	7.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	55	85	1.9	1.5	2.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	155	165	4.4	4.1	4.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,895	3,545	3,350	93.7	94.4	93.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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