Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Victoria, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	91,867	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	85,792	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	53,070	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,222	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,722.3	...	...	4,722.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	19.45	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	91,870	43,585	48,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,450	4,240	4,205	9.2	9.7	8.7
0 to 4 years	2,910	1,510	1,400	3.2	3.5	2.9
5 to 9 years	2,835	1,395	1,440	3.1	3.2	3.0
10 to 14 years	2,705	1,340	1,365	2.9	3.1	2.8
15 to 64 years	62,060	30,275	31,785	67.6	69.5	65.8
15 to 19 years	2,710	1,375	1,340	2.9	3.2	2.8
20 to 24 years	6,040	2,565	3,475	6.6	5.9	7.2
25 to 29 years	8,765	4,240	4,525	9.5	9.7	9.4
30 to 34 years	9,035	4,545	4,490	9.8	10.4	9.3
35 to 39 years	7,455	3,820	3,635	8.1	8.8	7.5
40 to 44 years	5,985	3,035	2,945	6.5	7.0	6.1
45 to 49 years	5,205	2,635	2,570	5.7	6.0	5.3
50 to 54 years	5,340	2,635	2,705	5.8	6.0	5.6
55 to 59 years	5,560	2,665	2,895	6.1	6.1	6.0
60 to 64 years	5,965	2,755	3,205	6.5	6.3	6.6
65 years and over	21,350	9,065	12,285	23.2	20.8	25.4
65 to 69 years	6,020	2,675	3,345	6.6	6.1	6.9
70 to 74 years	5,905	2,675	3,230	6.4	6.1	6.7
75 to 79 years	3,705	1,685	2,015	4.0	3.9	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,410	990	1,430	2.6	2.3	3.0
85 years and over	3,320	1,045	2,270	3.6	2.4	4.7
85 to 89 years	1,675	605	1,065	1.8	1.4	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,235	350	890	1.3	0.8	1.8
95 to 99 years	355	80	275	0.4	0.2	0.6
100 years and over	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9.2	9.7	8.7	9.2	9.7	8.7
15 to 64 years	67.6	69.5	65.8	67.6	69.5	65.8
65 years and over	23.2	20.8	25.4	23.2	20.8	25.4
85 years and over	3.6	2.4	4.7	3.6	2.4	4.7
Average age of the population	45.2	44.0	46.3	45.2	44.0	46.3
Median age of the population	42.8	41.6	44.0	42.8	41.6	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,685	...	...	13.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,150	...	...	2.3	...	...
Row house	2,305	...	...	4.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,450	...	...	9.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	23,510	...	...	47.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	11,000	...	...	22.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	24,100	...	...	49.0	...	...
2 persons	17,060	...	...	34.7	...	...
3 persons	4,295	...	...	8.7	...	...
4 persons	2,620	...	...	5.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,145	...	...	2.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,890	41,820	46,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	83,415	39,340	44,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	38,580	19,280	19,305	46.3	49.0	43.8
Married	26,155	13,060	13,095	31.4	33.2	29.7
Living common-law	12,425	6,215	6,205	14.9	15.8	14.1
Living common law - Never married	10,080	5,020	5,055	12.1	12.8	11.5
Living common law - Separated	270	150	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,945	995	955	2.3	2.5	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	44,835	20,060	24,770	53.7	51.0	56.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,280	14,960	14,320	35.1	38.0	32.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,400	1,000	1,395	2.9	2.5	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,670	3,180	5,495	10.4	8.1	12.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,485	925	3,560	5.4	2.4	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,225	...	...	70.0	...	...
3 persons	3,545	...	...	16.3	...	...
4 persons	2,340	...	...	10.8	...	...
5 or more persons	650	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	18,540	...	...	85.2	...	...
Married couples	12,330	...	...	56.7	...	...
With children⁶	4,670	...	...	21.5	...	...
Without children	7,670	...	...	35.2	...	...
Common-law couples	6,205	...	...	28.5	...	...
With children⁶	980	...	...	4.5	...	...
Without children	5,225	...	...	24.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,225	...	...	14.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,585	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	640	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,890	41,825	46,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	53,900	26,230	27,670	61.3	62.7	60.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	37,075	18,550	18,530	42.2	44.4	40.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,225	640	2,585	3.7	1.5	5.6
Children⁶	13,610	7,045	6,560	15.5	16.8	14.2
In a two-parent family	9,275	4,740	4,540	10.6	11.3	9.9
In a one-parent family	4,330	2,310	2,025	4.9	5.5	4.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	33,985	15,590	18,395	38.7	37.3	39.9
Living alone	24,100	10,670	13,430	27.4	25.5	29.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,530	705	830	1.7	1.7	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	8,350	4,215	4,140	9.5	10.1	9.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,975	...	...	40.6	...	...
Couple-family households	17,160	...	...	34.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,135	...	...	10.4	...	...
Without children	12,025	...	...	24.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,815	...	...	5.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	365	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	940	...	...	1.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,680	...	...	7.5	...	...
One-person households	24,100	...	...	49.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,470	37,590	41,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,090	36,880	41,205	98.3	98.1	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	46,400	41,200	43,200	46,400	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,125	36,900	41,220	98.3	98.2	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	41,600	37,600	39,200	41,600	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,625	33,820	37,805	90.1	90.0	90.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	33,600	38,000	42,800	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,910	27,725	29,185	71.6	73.8	69.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	42,800	35,200	38,800	42,800	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,235	29,925	36,310	83.3	79.6	86.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,000	10,100	9,600	9,000	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,705	3,075	3,630	8.4	8.2	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,240	5,360	5,320	5,240	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,165	10,370	11,790	27.9	27.6	28.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,470	37,595	41,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,060	36,985	41,070	98.2	98.4	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,500	59,600	49,920	54,500	59,600	49,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,075	37,000	41,080	98.2	98.4	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,200	49,760	43,000	46,200	49,760	43,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,475	33,860	37,620	89.9	90.1	89.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,680	56,150	43,880	49,680	56,150	43,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,910	27,875	29,035	71.6	74.1	69.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,040	53,350	43,000	48,040	53,350	43,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,025	29,970	36,055	83.1	79.7	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,650	10,100	11,110	10,650	10,100	11,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,370	2,905	3,465	8.0	7.7	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,225	5,895	6,500	6,225	5,895	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,920	10,235	11,680	27.6	27.2	27.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,170	9,080	9,250	9,170	9,080	9,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,470	37,590	41,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,355	13,895	12,455	33.2	37.0	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	64,500	60,400	62,400	64,500	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,800	75,300	67,900	71,800	75,300	67,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,520	11,200	13,325	30.9	29.8	31.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	21,800	18,400	19,800	21,800	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,560	31,440	26,160	28,560	31,440	26,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	86.2	80.4	83.4	86.2	80.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	67.4	60.9	64.2	67.4	60.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.5	13.7	19.6	16.5	13.7	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.8	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	5.1	6.5	5.8	5.1	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.2	5.3	4.7	4.2	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,470	37,595	41,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,380	710	670	1.7	1.9	1.6
With total income	78,090	36,880	41,210	98.3	98.1	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,990	2,300	2,690	6.4	6.2	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,390	3,305	4,090	9.5	9.0	9.9
$20,000 to $29,999	12,385	5,150	7,240	15.9	14.0	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	10,875	4,830	6,045	13.9	13.1	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,705	4,485	5,215	12.4	12.2	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,930	3,590	4,340	10.2	9.7	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,090	2,925	3,160	7.8	7.9	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,760	2,415	2,345	6.1	6.5	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,530	1,865	1,660	4.5	5.1	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,690	1,390	1,300	3.4	3.8	3.2
$100,000 and over	7,740	4,610	3,125	9.9	12.5	7.6
$100,000 to $149,999	5,260	2,970	2,285	6.7	8.1	5.5
$150,000 and over	2,480	1,640	840	3.2	4.4	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,470	37,595	41,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,345	690	655	1.7	1.8	1.6
With after-tax income	78,125	36,905	41,225	98.3	98.2	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,275	2,410	2,865	6.8	6.5	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,675	3,430	4,240	9.8	9.3	10.3
$20,000 to $29,999	14,155	5,995	8,160	18.1	16.2	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	12,800	5,765	7,035	16.4	15.6	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	11,105	5,130	5,975	14.2	13.9	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,320	3,905	4,410	10.6	10.6	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,870	2,980	2,890	7.5	8.1	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,210	2,185	2,030	5.4	5.9	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,840	1,505	1,335	3.6	4.1	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,795	970	825	2.3	2.6	2.0
$100,000 and over	4,090	2,635	1,460	5.2	7.1	3.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,015	1,250	765	2.6	3.4	1.9
$125,000 and over	2,080	1,385	690	2.7	3.8	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,470	37,595	41,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,555	9,865	12,690	28.4	26.2	30.3
With employment income	56,915	27,730	29,185	71.6	73.8	69.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,025	3,175	3,850	12.3	11.4	13.2
$5,000 to $9,999	4,355	1,870	2,490	7.7	6.7	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	6,760	2,940	3,825	11.9	10.6	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	5,610	2,620	2,990	9.9	9.4	10.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,325	2,610	2,715	9.4	9.4	9.3
$40,000 to $49,999	5,425	2,620	2,805	9.5	9.4	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,220	2,465	2,750	9.2	8.9	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,105	1,995	2,115	7.2	7.2	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,285	1,735	1,550	5.8	6.3	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,570	1,400	1,170	4.5	5.0	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005	1,060	945	3.5	3.8	3.2
$100,000 and over	5,215	3,235	1,985	9.2	11.7	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,645	1,490	1,160	4.6	5.4	4.0
$125,000 and over	2,575	1,745	830	4.5	6.3	2.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,470	37,590	41,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,500	36,055	40,445	96.3	95.9	96.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	43,600	37,200	40,000	43,600	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,580	36,090	40,500	96.4	96.0	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,800	33,600	36,000	38,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,055	33,535	37,525	89.4	89.2	89.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,400	33,600	37,600	42,400	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,840	28,405	30,440	74.0	75.6	72.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,400	32,800	36,400	40,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,245	23,440	30,805	68.3	62.4	73.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,960	2,540	4,920	3,960	2,540	4,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,085	1,925	2,160	5.1	5.1	5.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,080	5,680	5,320	5,080	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,470	37,595	41,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,555	36,145	40,410	96.3	96.1	96.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,640	56,150	45,680	50,640	56,150	45,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,635	36,200	40,430	96.4	96.3	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,520	46,160	39,240	42,520	46,160	39,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,875	33,525	37,350	89.2	89.2	89.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,760	55,350	42,880	48,760	55,350	42,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,635	28,435	30,205	73.8	75.6	72.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,280	50,800	40,120	45,280	50,800	40,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,180	23,250	30,930	68.2	61.8	73.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,730	7,520	7,890	7,730	7,520	7,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,090	1,865	2,225	5.1	5.0	5.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700	6,020	7,270	6,700	6,020	7,270
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,470	37,590	41,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,005	13,680	12,320	32.7	36.4	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	60,000	55,200	57,600	60,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,900	70,500	60,700	65,900	70,500	60,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,510	10,740	12,765	29.6	28.6	30.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	27,000	22,800	24,400	27,000	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,360	37,400	30,000	33,360	37,400	30,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	91.4	86.8	89.2	91.4	86.8
Employment income (%)	68.6	71.2	65.6	68.6	71.2	65.6
Government transfers (%)	10.8	8.6	13.2	10.8	8.6	13.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	24,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	86,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...	73,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,850	...	...	53,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,040	...	...	46,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,700	...	...	117,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,400	...	...	99,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	715	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	355	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	585	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,505	...	...	3.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,800	...	...	5.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,135	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,200	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,375	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,275	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,310	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,345	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,025	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,685	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,080	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,605	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,235	...	...	28.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,790	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,155	...	...	6.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,420	...	...	6.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,865	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	790	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	600	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,565	...	...	3.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,985	...	...	6.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,530	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,660	...	...	5.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,710	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,805	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,600	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,065	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,315	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,830	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,030	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,500	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,885	...	...	22.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,410	...	...	9.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,605	...	...	5.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,865	...	...	7.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	22,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	32,455	14,890	17,570	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	41,200	40,000	40,800	41,200	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	37,600	36,800	37,200	37,600	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	22,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,300	...	...	120,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,200	...	...	118,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,600	...	...	153,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,100	...	...	127,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,550	...	...	62,550	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	32,445	14,850	17,595	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,520	50,040	49,080	49,520	50,040	49,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	42,960	42,680	42,800	42,960	42,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,890	41,820	46,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,990	5,045	4,945	11.4	12.1	10.7
0 to 5 years	3,470	1,790	1,680	3.9	4.3	3.6
18 to 64 years	59,105	28,455	30,650	67.2	68.0	66.5
65 years and over	18,795	8,320	10,475	21.4	19.9	22.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,515	5,255	6,260	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,375	680	695	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	490	235	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,025	3,320	3,705	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,110	1,250	1,860	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.1	12.6	13.6	13.1	12.6	13.6
0 to 17 years (%)	13.7	13.4	14.0	13.7	13.4	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	13.0	15.1	14.1	13.0	15.1
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9	11.7	12.1	11.9	11.7	12.1
65 years and over (%)	16.6	15.1	17.7	16.6	15.1	17.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	87,890	41,825	46,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,985	5,045	4,940	11.4	12.1	10.7
0 to 5 years	3,470	1,790	1,685	3.9	4.3	3.7
18 to 64 years	59,110	28,455	30,650	67.3	68.0	66.5
65 years and over	18,795	8,320	10,475	21.4	19.9	22.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,225	2,545	2,680	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	460	200	260	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	140	65	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,275	2,110	2,170	...	...	...
65 years and over	485	230	255	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.1	5.8	6.0	6.1	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6	4.0	5.2	4.6	4.0	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	3.6	4.4	4.0	3.6	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.4	7.1	7.2	7.4	7.1
65 years and over (%)	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,890	41,820	46,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	46,805	21,695	25,105	53.3	51.9	54.5
In bottom decile	11,525	5,360	6,160	13.1	12.8	13.4
In second decile	9,535	4,255	5,280	10.8	10.2	11.5
In third decile	8,905	4,190	4,720	10.1	10.0	10.2
In fourth decile	8,405	3,945	4,455	9.6	9.4	9.7
In fifth decile	8,425	3,945	4,485	9.6	9.4	9.7
In top half of the distribution	41,085	20,125	20,965	46.7	48.1	45.5
In sixth decile	8,160	3,895	4,260	9.3	9.3	9.2
In seventh decile	7,775	3,775	4,000	8.8	9.0	8.7
In eighth decile	8,225	4,005	4,220	9.4	9.6	9.2
In ninth decile	8,595	4,225	4,365	9.8	10.1	9.5
In top decile	8,345	4,225	4,120	9.5	10.1	8.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,890	...	...	87,890	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.344	...	...	0.344	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	89,115	42,325	46,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	76,660	36,990	39,670	86.0	87.4	84.8
French only	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	11,735	5,020	6,715	13.2	11.9	14.4
Neither English nor French	685	290	395	0.8	0.7	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	89,115	42,325	46,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	86,515	41,140	45,375	97.1	97.2	97.0
French	1,645	775	870	1.8	1.8	1.9
English and French	305	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	650	275	375	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	89,115	42,325	46,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,595	41,180	45,415	97.2	97.3	97.1
Official languages	73,880	35,655	38,230	82.9	84.2	81.7
English	72,220	34,875	37,345	81.0	82.4	79.8
French	1,655	780	880	1.9	1.8	1.9
Non-official languages	12,715	5,530	7,190	14.3	13.1	15.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,665	5,505	7,160	14.2	13.0	15.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	815	425	390	0.9	1.0	0.8
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	715	380	330	0.8	0.9	0.7
Amharic	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	565	315	250	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	220	85	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,455	570	885	1.6	1.3	1.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,145	435	705	1.3	1.0	1.5
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	205	115	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,130	2,765	3,365	6.9	6.5	7.2
Albanian	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,195	485	705	1.3	1.1	1.5
Baltic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,160	475	685	1.3	1.1	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	315	135	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	350	145	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	150	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,465	585	885	1.6	1.4	1.9
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	935	350	590	1.0	0.8	1.3
German	890	330	555	1.0	0.8	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	390	170	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	325	140	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	140	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,495	770	720	1.7	1.8	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,080	575	510	1.2	1.4	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	255	150	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	405	200	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	415	200	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	375	175	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	315	140	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,845	855	990	2.1	2.0	2.1
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	430	195	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,100	520	585	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	485	120	365	0.5	0.3	0.8
Korean	505	210	295	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,200	935	1,265	2.5	2.2	2.7
Chinese languages	2,175	925	1,250	2.4	2.2	2.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,065	420	640	1.2	1.0	1.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,015	465	550	1.1	1.1	1.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	140	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	135	40	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	220	85	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,515	1,145	1,375	2.8	2.7	2.9
English and French	555	240	320	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,670	775	895	1.9	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	89,115	42,325	46,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,005	35,990	39,010	84.2	85.0	83.4
French	315	155	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	2,660	1,230	1,435	3.0	2.9	3.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,655	1,220	1,430	3.0	2.9	3.1
English and French	1,440	625	820	1.6	1.5	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	8,910	3,970	4,940	10.0	9.4	10.6
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	505	230	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	89,115	42,325	46,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,105	41,410	45,700	97.7	97.8	97.7
Official languages	81,655	38,870	42,790	91.6	91.8	91.5
English	81,170	38,640	42,530	91.1	91.3	90.9
French	490	230	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	5,455	2,540	2,915	6.1	6.0	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,445	2,535	2,910	6.1	6.0	6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	475	240	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	420	215	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arabic	345	185	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	795	360	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	670	300	370	0.8	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,955	960	1,000	2.2	2.3	2.1
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	345	160	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	345	155	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	725	395	330	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	495	275	215	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	125	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	715	330	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	210	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	435	200	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	165	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	320	145	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,280	575	710	1.4	1.4	1.5
Chinese languages	1,270	565	700	1.4	1.3	1.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	675	300	370	0.8	0.7	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	560	240	315	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,005	910	1,095	2.2	2.2	2.3
English and French	235	100	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,680	775	910	1.9	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	89,115	42,325	46,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	79,630	38,125	41,500	89.4	90.1	88.7
English	2,310	1,070	1,235	2.6	2.5	2.6
French	1,135	490	640	1.3	1.2	1.4
Non-official language	4,730	2,020	2,710	5.3	4.8	5.8
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	4,640	1,975	2,660	5.2	4.7	5.7
English and French	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	385	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	340	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	540	240	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,890	41,805	46,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	87,205	41,520	45,690	99.2	99.3	99.2
English	87,180	41,515	45,665	99.2	99.3	99.1
French	11,765	5,065	6,700	13.4	12.1	14.5
Non-official languages	20,225	9,275	10,950	23.0	22.2	23.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	355	145	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
Algonquian languages	190	65	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	125	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	110	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	105	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,930	9,170	10,760	22.7	21.9	23.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,280	655	625	1.5	1.6	1.4
Berber languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,205	625	585	1.4	1.5	1.3
Amharic	110	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arabic	880	485	400	1.0	1.2	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345	130	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	295	100	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,125	845	1,275	2.4	2.0	2.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,960	775	1,185	2.2	1.9	2.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	380	225	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	190	120	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tamil	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,240	5,355	5,885	12.8	12.8	12.8
Albanian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,625	760	860	1.8	1.8	1.9
Baltic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,590	750	840	1.8	1.8	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	355	170	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	620	300	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	210	120	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,760	1,290	1,470	3.1	3.1	3.2
Frisian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,950	915	1,045	2.2	2.2	2.3
German	1,915	900	1,015	2.2	2.2	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	605	250	350	0.7	0.6	0.8
Afrikaans	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	475	180	290	0.5	0.4	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	295	165	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Danish	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	105	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Swedish	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,995	1,020	980	2.3	2.4	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,585	825	770	1.8	2.0	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	130	65	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	120	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	830	475	355	0.9	1.1	0.8
Kacchi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nepali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	575	275	290	0.7	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	440	220	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	400	190	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	355	170	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,290	2,460	2,830	6.0	5.9	6.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	830	325	505	0.9	0.8	1.1
Portuguese	620	310	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	4,160	1,990	2,170	4.7	4.8	4.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,065	410	660	1.2	1.0	1.4
Korean	695	320	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	280	90	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
American Sign Language	240	65	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,670	1,200	1,470	3.0	2.9	3.2
Chinese languages	2,625	1,170	1,450	3.0	2.8	3.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,560	685	880	1.8	1.6	1.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,360	600	755	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	165	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	160	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	315	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Estonian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	195	110	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,890	41,810	46,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,365	1,935	2,425	5.0	4.6	5.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,160	1,865	2,295	4.7	4.5	5.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,345	1,120	1,220	2.7	2.7	2.6
Métis	1,785	735	1,050	2.0	1.8	2.3
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135	40	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	83,530	39,870	43,655	95.0	95.4	94.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,890	41,810	46,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,530	730	805	1.7	1.7	1.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,360	41,080	45,275	98.3	98.3	98.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	19,455	...	...	39.5	...	...
Renter	29,765	...	...	60.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	15,085	...	...	30.6	...	...
Not condominium	34,140	...	...	69.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	2,265	...	...	4.6	...	...
1 bedroom	19,425	...	...	39.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,385	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,435	...	...	13.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,710	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	31,515	...	...	64.0	...	...
5 rooms	6,935	...	...	14.1	...	...
6 rooms	3,760	...	...	7.6	...	...
7 rooms	2,515	...	...	5.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,495	...	...	9.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,460	...	...	98.4	...	...
More than one person per room	765	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,495	...	...	94.5	...	...
Not suitable	2,725	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	15,050	...	...	30.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,265	...	...	33.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,655	...	...	9.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,475	...	...	9.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,590	...	...	3.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,260	...	...	4.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,780	...	...	3.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,145	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,175	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,045	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,905	...	...	60.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,620	...	...	35.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,700	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,750	...	...	5.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,980	...	...	20.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,295	...	...	16.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,825	...	...	13.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,660	...	...	15.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,150	...	...	16.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,140	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,425	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,375	...	...	66.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,675	...	...	34.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,890	...	...	30.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20,495	...	...	41.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,935	...	...	30.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,805	...	...	3.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,870	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	715	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	975	...	...	2.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,725	...	...	58.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	9,160	...	...	19.4	...	...
Not in core need	38,100	...	...	80.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,455	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.1	...	...	56.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.5	...	...	21.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,310	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,586	...	...	1,586	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	821,000	...	...	821,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,765	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.2	...	...	42.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.8	...	...	26.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,378	...	...	1,378	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,890	41,810	46,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,190	530	665	1.4	1.3	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,170	525	650	1.3	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	980	445	535	1.1	1.1	1.2
Métis single ancestry	185	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,060	1,860	2,200	4.6	4.4	4.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,885	1,795	2,095	4.4	4.3	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,715	1,330	1,385	3.1	3.2	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,150	455	690	1.3	1.1	1.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	175	65	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	82,640	39,425	43,215	94.0	94.3	93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,890	41,810	46,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	80,110	38,110	41,995	91.1	91.2	91.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,315	4,640	4,680	10.6	11.1	10.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	70,785	33,470	37,320	80.5	80.1	81.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,785	3,700	4,085	8.9	8.8	8.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,890	41,810	46,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	67,650	32,350	35,300	77.0	77.4	76.6
Immigrants⁸¹	17,580	8,145	9,430	20.0	19.5	20.5
Before 1980	5,690	2,560	3,130	6.5	6.1	6.8
1980 to 1990	1,660	835	830	1.9	2.0	1.8
1991 to 2000	2,335	1,050	1,290	2.7	2.5	2.8
2001 to 2010	2,930	1,365	1,565	3.3	3.3	3.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,960	2,330	2,625	5.6	5.6	5.7
2011 to 2015	1,895	870	1,025	2.2	2.1	2.2
2016 to 2021	3,070	1,465	1,600	3.5	3.5	3.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,660	1,310	1,345	3.0	3.1	2.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	17,580	8,145	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,870	905	960	10.6	11.1	10.2
5 to 14 years	2,890	1,540	1,350	16.4	18.9	14.3
15 to 24 years	3,040	1,325	1,710	17.3	16.3	18.1
25 to 44 years	8,255	3,725	4,530	47.0	45.7	48.0
45 years and over	1,525	645	885	8.7	7.9	9.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	17,580	8,145	9,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,175	1,435	1,740	18.1	17.6	18.4
Brazil	110	65	50	0.6	0.8	0.5
Colombia	125	60	60	0.7	0.7	0.6
El Salvador	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyana	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaica	105	55	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Mexico	245	110	130	1.4	1.4	1.4
Peru	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
United States of America	1,945	855	1,090	11.1	10.5	11.6
Other places of birth in Americas	475	230	245	2.7	2.8	2.6
Europe	6,655	3,190	3,465	37.9	39.2	36.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatia	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
France	160	80	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
Germany	590	250	340	3.4	3.1	3.6
Greece	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	100	60	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Italy	135	75	65	0.8	0.9	0.7
Netherlands	315	115	205	1.8	1.4	2.2
Poland	270	145	120	1.5	1.8	1.3
Portugal	80	35	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romania	95	50	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	255	115	140	1.5	1.4	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	95	45	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Ukraine	95	60	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,505	1,740	1,765	19.9	21.4	18.7
Other places of birth in Europe	860	400	460	4.9	4.9	4.9
Africa	1,055	520	535	6.0	6.4	5.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	55	45	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Eritrea	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ethiopia	110	35	80	0.6	0.4	0.8
Morocco	95	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somalia	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	260	120	140	1.5	1.5	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	390	205	190	2.2	2.5	2.0
Asia	6,365	2,820	3,545	36.2	34.6	37.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	260	135	125	1.5	1.7	1.3
Iraq	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lebanon	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	185	115	75	1.1	1.4	0.8
Turkey	100	60	40	0.6	0.7	0.4
China⁹⁰	1,110	485	625	6.3	6.0	6.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	210	90	115	1.2	1.1	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	400	185	220	2.3	2.3	2.3
Taiwan	110	40	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
Philippines	1,845	740	1,100	10.5	9.1	11.7
Viet Nam	210	90	120	1.2	1.1	1.3
Bangladesh	60	40	25	0.3	0.5	0.3
India	650	365	285	3.7	4.5	3.0
Pakistan	170	75	95	1.0	0.9	1.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	925	335	590	5.3	4.1	6.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	335	180	155	1.9	2.2	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,070	1,465	1,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	470	205	265	15.3	14.0	16.5
Brazil	50	25	20	1.6	1.7	1.2
Colombia	25	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.6
Mexico	45	25	25	1.5	1.7	1.6
United States of America	255	105	150	8.3	7.2	9.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	65	30	30	2.1	2.0	1.9
Europe	475	270	210	15.5	18.4	13.1
France	35	20	15	1.1	1.4	0.9
Germany	50	25	25	1.6	1.7	1.6
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	15	1.3	1.4	0.9
Italy	15	15	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	10	15	0.8	0.7	0.9
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.8	0.7	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	185	120	65	6.0	8.2	4.0
Other places of birth in Europe	110	55	55	3.6	3.8	3.4
Africa	300	125	180	9.8	8.5	11.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	15	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Ethiopia	50	15	40	1.6	1.0	2.5
Morocco	25	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.2
Nigeria	30	10	25	1.0	0.7	1.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	20	1.0	0.7	1.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	115	55	60	3.7	3.8	3.7
Asia	1,750	810	940	57.0	55.3	58.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	30	20	10	1.0	1.4	0.6
China⁹⁰	160	50	110	5.2	3.4	6.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	300	155	140	9.8	10.6	8.7
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15	0.8	1.0	0.9
Iraq	35	15	20	1.1	1.0	1.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	10	45	1.8	0.7	2.8
Jordan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	90	35	55	2.9	2.4	3.4
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	75	40	30	2.4	2.7	1.9
Philippines	585	265	325	19.1	18.1	20.2
Saudi Arabia	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	180	105	75	5.9	7.2	4.7
Turkey	35	30	0	1.1	2.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	10	15	1.0	0.7	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	110	50	55	3.6	3.4	3.4
Oceania and other⁹³	70	55	10	2.3	3.8	0.6
Australia	50	40	10	1.6	2.7	0.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,890	41,810	46,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,125	10,340	11,780	25.2	24.7	25.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,390	9,125	10,270	22.1	21.8	22.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	46,375	22,345	24,035	52.8	53.4	52.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,890	5,580	6,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,710	3,275	3,435	56.4	58.7	54.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,295	1,775	1,520	27.7	31.8	24.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,410	1,495	1,920	28.7	26.8	30.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,095	1,700	2,400	34.4	30.5	38.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	955	545	410	8.0	9.8	6.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125	65	65	1.1	1.2	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,890	5,580	6,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	275	160	115	2.3	2.9	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,540	1,105	1,435	21.4	19.8	22.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	585	265	315	4.9	4.7	5.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,075	475	595	9.0	8.5	9.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	30	45	0.6	0.5	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,345	3,545	3,800	61.8	63.5	60.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,890	41,810	46,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,860	6,980	7,880	16.9	16.7	17.1
South Asian	2,540	1,295	1,250	2.9	3.1	2.7
Chinese	3,075	1,455	1,620	3.5	3.5	3.5
Black	1,510	755	750	1.7	1.8	1.6
Filipino	2,340	925	1,415	2.7	2.2	3.1
Arab	680	390	285	0.8	0.9	0.6
Latin American	1,120	515	605	1.3	1.2	1.3
Southeast Asian	780	290	490	0.9	0.7	1.1
West Asian	445	215	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	675	325	350	0.8	0.8	0.8
Japanese	895	355	540	1.0	0.8	1.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	210	120	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	590	340	255	0.7	0.8	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	73,030	34,830	38,200	83.1	83.3	82.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,890	41,805	46,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,335	3,745	3,590	8.3	9.0	7.8
English	26,790	12,640	14,150	30.5	30.2	30.7
Irish	18,205	8,225	9,980	20.7	19.7	21.7
Scottish	21,660	9,880	11,780	24.6	23.6	25.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,300	3,775	4,525	9.4	9.0	9.8
German	11,540	5,410	6,130	13.1	12.9	13.3
Chinese	3,285	1,545	1,735	3.7	3.7	3.8
Italian	3,205	1,435	1,770	3.6	3.4	3.8
Indian (India)	1,790	930	865	2.0	2.2	1.9
Ukrainian	4,455	2,015	2,440	5.1	4.8	5.3
Dutch	4,030	1,815	2,210	4.6	4.3	4.8
Polish	3,240	1,525	1,715	3.7	3.6	3.7
Québécois	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,785	2,735	3,055	6.6	6.5	6.6
Filipino	2,255	890	1,365	2.6	2.1	3.0
French Canadian	1,085	495	595	1.2	1.2	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,940	980	960	2.2	2.3	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,460	710	750	1.7	1.7	1.6
Métis	1,525	600	925	1.7	1.4	2.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,410	1,160	1,245	2.7	2.8	2.7
Russian	2,195	990	1,195	2.5	2.4	2.6
Norwegian	3,030	1,340	1,690	3.4	3.2	3.7
Welsh	3,210	1,430	1,780	3.7	3.4	3.9
Portuguese	695	320	370	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	2,025	945	1,080	2.3	2.3	2.3
Spanish	1,015	440	575	1.2	1.1	1.2
Swedish	2,070	920	1,155	2.4	2.2	2.5
Hungarian	1,250	585	670	1.4	1.4	1.5
Acadian	335	165	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistani	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	450	245	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jewish	1,405	710	690	1.6	1.7	1.5
Punjabi	235	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	410	170	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	285	175	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Greek	440	185	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jamaican	275	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	365	140	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	550	230	315	0.6	0.6	0.7
Korean	675	340	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
Romanian	625	295	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lebanese	290	150	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian	395	185	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	220	130	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	1,385	610	775	1.6	1.5	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	495	285	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
Sikh	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,090	515	575	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belgian	555	285	270	0.6	0.7	0.6
Haitian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	135	85	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	440	230	210	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mennonite	330	165	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	680	310	370	0.8	0.7	0.8
Finnish	805	395	415	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sri Lankan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	335	175	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japanese	1,015	410	605	1.2	1.0	1.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	105	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	785	375	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	545	270	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czech	520	250	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Syrian	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	295	150	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ojibway	215	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	145	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ontarian	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	225	105	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	225	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigerian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Armenian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	230	110	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	350	130	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Somali	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	135	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraqi	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	340	195	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
South African	270	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	365	175	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	155	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Congolese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	90	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	125	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	285	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Brunswicker	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	80	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	220	90	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
British Columbian	365	180	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ecuadorian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	150	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	165	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dominican	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	200	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malayali	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Costa Rican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,890	41,810	46,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,220	510	710	1.4	1.2	1.5
Christian	24,930	10,775	14,155	28.4	25.8	30.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,410	1,970	2,435	5.0	4.7	5.3
Anabaptist	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	4,015	1,690	2,325	4.6	4.0	5.0
Baptist	730	365	365	0.8	0.9	0.8
Catholic	8,950	3,980	4,965	10.2	9.5	10.8
Christian Orthodox	430	185	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	310	120	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	115	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	580	275	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	520	200	320	0.6	0.5	0.7
Presbyterian	630	265	365	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Church	2,475	910	1,565	2.8	2.2	3.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,530	685	850	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hindu	670	380	290	0.8	0.9	0.6
Jewish	960	445	520	1.1	1.1	1.1
Muslim	1,690	915	775	1.9	2.2	1.7
Sikh	420	200	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	255	85	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,990	840	1,155	2.3	2.0	2.5
No religion and secular perspectives	55,750	27,660	28,090	63.4	66.2	61.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	87,305	41,490	45,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,985	33,395	36,590	80.2	80.5	79.9
Movers	17,315	8,095	9,225	19.8	19.5	20.1
Non-migrants	10,740	5,085	5,655	12.3	12.3	12.3
Migrants	6,580	3,010	3,570	7.5	7.3	7.8
Internal migrants	5,510	2,600	2,910	6.3	6.3	6.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,120	1,485	1,635	3.6	3.6	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,390	1,115	1,280	2.7	2.7	2.8
External migrants	1,070	415	660	1.2	1.0	1.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	85,000	40,280	44,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	39,975	18,945	21,030	47.0	47.0	47.0
Movers	45,025	21,335	23,690	53.0	53.0	53.0
Non-migrants	13,785	6,670	7,115	16.2	16.6	15.9
Migrants	31,235	14,660	16,575	36.7	36.4	37.1
Internal migrants	26,085	12,200	13,885	30.7	30.3	31.1
Intraprovincial migrants	18,105	8,395	9,715	21.3	20.8	21.7
Interprovincial migrants	7,980	3,805	4,175	9.4	9.4	9.3
External migrants	5,150	2,470	2,685	6.1	6.1	6.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,470	37,590	41,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,670	4,195	3,470	9.7	11.2	8.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	71,800	33,395	38,405	90.3	88.8	91.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,995	25,350	26,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,530	2,145	1,385	6.8	8.5	5.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,465	23,200	25,270	93.2	91.5	94.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,470	37,595	41,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,500	3,540	2,960	8.2	9.4	7.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,035	9,710	9,325	24.0	25.8	22.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,935	24,345	29,595	67.9	64.8	70.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,075	9,180	10,890	25.3	24.4	26.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,320	2,885	1,440	5.4	7.7	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,065	1,080	995	2.6	2.9	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,255	1,805	445	2.8	4.8	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,235	5,345	7,890	16.7	14.2	18.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,515	955	1,565	3.2	2.5	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,860	15,160	18,700	42.6	40.3	44.7
Bachelor's degree	20,635	9,190	11,445	26.0	24.4	27.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,030	855	1,175	2.6	2.3	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	750	420	330	0.9	1.1	0.8
Master's degree	8,625	3,640	4,985	10.9	9.7	11.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,830	1,060	765	2.3	2.8	1.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,000	25,345	26,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,835	1,760	1,075	5.5	6.9	4.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,465	6,055	4,410	20.1	23.9	16.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,695	17,540	21,160	74.4	69.2	79.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,675	6,610	7,065	26.3	26.1	26.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,910	2,010	900	5.6	7.9	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,345	735	610	2.6	2.9	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,565	1,275	290	3.0	5.0	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,055	3,880	5,170	17.4	15.3	19.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,715	715	995	3.3	2.8	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,025	10,930	14,100	48.1	43.1	52.9
Bachelor's degree	15,545	6,975	8,575	29.9	27.5	32.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,445	595	845	2.8	2.3	3.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	525	280	245	1.0	1.1	0.9
Master's degree	6,455	2,540	3,920	12.4	10.0	14.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,055	540	515	2.0	2.1	1.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,470	37,595	41,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,535	13,250	12,285	32.1	35.2	29.3
Education	3,395	960	2,440	4.3	2.6	5.8
13. Education	3,395	960	2,440	4.3	2.6	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,235	1,400	1,830	4.1	3.7	4.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	170	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	3,030	1,230	1,800	3.8	3.3	4.3
Humanities	4,750	2,005	2,745	6.0	5.3	6.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	550	115	435	0.7	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	1,580	590	990	2.0	1.6	2.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	825	365	460	1.0	1.0	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	205	70	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	355	220	135	0.4	0.6	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	155	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	830	450	385	1.0	1.2	0.9
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	155	40	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,400	3,870	6,530	13.1	10.3	15.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	340	90	245	0.4	0.2	0.6
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,190	455	730	1.5	1.2	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	885	80	810	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,260	495	770	1.6	1.3	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	315	125	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
42. Psychology	2,055	615	1,435	2.6	1.6	3.4
45. Social sciences	4,365	2,005	2,360	5.5	5.3	5.6
Business, management and public administration	9,320	3,945	5,380	11.7	10.5	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,305	335	970	1.6	0.9	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,010	3,610	4,405	10.1	9.6	10.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,725	1,415	1,305	3.4	3.8	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,315	530	785	1.7	1.4	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	430	195	235	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	855	650	210	1.1	1.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,500	1,760	740	3.1	4.7	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,855	1,450	410	2.3	3.9	1.0
25. Library science	260	45	210	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	315	210	105	0.4	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,325	5,415	905	8.0	14.4	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	530	300	225	0.7	0.8	0.5
14. Engineering	1,990	1,610	375	2.5	4.3	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,275	1,160	115	1.6	3.1	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,365	1,265	100	1.7	3.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	650	615	35	0.8	1.6	0.1
48. Precision production	510	470	45	0.6	1.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,105	570	535	1.4	1.5	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465	215	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	640	360	285	0.8	1.0	0.7
Health and related fields	7,845	1,880	5,960	9.9	5.0	14.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	615	270	340	0.8	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,975	1,485	5,495	8.8	3.9	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	255	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,290	1,105	1,185	2.9	2.9	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,610	590	1,015	2.0	1.6	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	310	170	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	315	290	25	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,995	25,345	26,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,305	7,815	5,490	25.6	30.8	20.6
Education	1,845	525	1,325	3.5	2.1	5.0
13. Education	1,845	525	1,325	3.5	2.1	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,395	1,020	1,370	4.6	4.0	5.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	105	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,260	920	1,345	4.3	3.6	5.0
Humanities	3,265	1,325	1,945	6.3	5.2	7.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	355	60	290	0.7	0.2	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	1,080	390	690	2.1	1.5	2.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	620	235	385	1.2	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	150	55	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
38. Philosophy and religious studies	265	155	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	595	320	280	1.1	1.3	1.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,800	2,850	4,950	15.0	11.2	18.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	275	65	205	0.5	0.3	0.8
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	985	355	625	1.9	1.4	2.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	665	60	605	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	915	310	600	1.8	1.2	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	255	100	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
42. Psychology	1,410	425	980	2.7	1.7	3.7
45. Social sciences	3,305	1,535	1,770	6.4	6.1	6.6
Business, management and public administration	6,695	2,800	3,895	12.9	11.0	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	965	245	715	1.9	1.0	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,735	2,550	3,175	11.0	10.1	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,995	990	1,010	3.8	3.9	3.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,025	400	620	2.0	1.6	2.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	145	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	580	410	170	1.1	1.6	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,015	1,495	515	3.9	5.9	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,635	1,300	330	3.1	5.1	1.2
25. Library science	140	30	105	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	200	125	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,570	3,805	760	8.8	15.0	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	415	210	205	0.8	0.8	0.8
14. Engineering	1,530	1,195	335	2.9	4.7	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	815	740	75	1.6	2.9	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,020	935	90	2.0	3.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	450	425	25	0.9	1.7	0.1
48. Precision production	335	300	35	0.6	1.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	895	435	460	1.7	1.7	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	345	145	200	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	550	285	265	1.1	1.1	1.0
Health and related fields	5,500	1,430	4,070	10.6	5.6	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	200	250	0.9	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,890	1,160	3,730	9.4	4.6	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,685	840	840	3.2	3.3	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,175	485	700	2.3	1.9	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	255	130	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	215	195	20	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,995	25,345	26,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,305	7,815	5,490	25.6	30.8	20.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,695	17,535	21,160	74.4	69.2	79.4
Location of study inside Canada	31,795	14,485	17,315	61.2	57.2	65.0
Same as province or territory of residence	22,345	9,935	12,410	43.0	39.2	46.6
Different than province or territory of residence	9,450	4,545	4,910	18.2	17.9	18.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,900	3,055	3,845	13.3	12.1	14.4
Americas	1,975	820	1,150	3.8	3.2	4.3
United States of America	1,390	565	830	2.7	2.2	3.1
Mexico	145	60	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	155	60	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Europe	1,925	975	945	3.7	3.8	3.5
Belgium	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	110	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Netherlands	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	80	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	975	530	445	1.9	2.1	1.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	35	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	215	120	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Africa	255	135	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	2,365	905	1,460	4.5	3.6	5.5
Iran⁸⁸	100	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	215	70	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	195	35	160	0.4	0.1	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	200	75	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
Philippines	870	310	565	1.7	1.2	2.1
Viet Nam	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	380	205	175	0.7	0.8	0.7
Pakistan	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	135	50	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Oceania	390	210	175	0.8	0.8	0.7
Australia	325	185	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
New Zealand	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,470	37,595	41,880	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,400	26,515	26,885	...	...	...
Employed	49,070	24,285	24,785	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,330	2,230	2,100	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,075	11,080	14,995	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.2	70.5	64.2	67.2	70.5	64.2
Employment rate	61.7	64.6	59.2	61.7	64.6	59.2
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.4	7.8	8.1	8.4	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,470	37,595	41,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,000	11,115	14,885	32.7	29.6	35.5
Worked	53,470	26,480	26,995	67.3	70.4	64.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,030	14,315	12,715	34.0	38.1	30.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,445	12,165	14,280	33.3	32.4	34.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.7	40.7	41.2	41.7	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,400	26,515	26,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	440	425	1.6	1.7	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,535	26,080	26,455	98.4	98.4	98.4
Employee	44,135	21,495	22,640	82.6	81.1	84.2
Permanent position	36,595	18,060	18,535	68.5	68.1	69.0
Temporary position	7,545	3,435	4,110	14.1	13.0	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,595	1,160	1,430	4.9	4.4	5.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,950	2,280	2,675	9.3	8.6	10.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,390	4,580	3,815	15.7	17.3	14.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,400	26,515	26,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	440	425	1.6	1.7	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,535	26,080	26,455	98.4	98.4	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	760	450	315	1.4	1.7	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,385	3,250	6,135	17.6	12.3	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,270	3,890	1,380	9.9	14.7	5.1
3 Health occupations	4,965	1,180	3,785	9.3	4.5	14.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,850	3,450	5,400	16.6	13.0	20.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,915	1,315	1,600	5.5	5.0	6.0
6 Sales and service occupations	13,395	6,640	6,760	25.1	25.0	25.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,485	4,800	685	10.3	18.1	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	755	535	220	1.4	2.0	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	745	565	185	1.4	2.1	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,400	26,515	26,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	440	425	1.6	1.7	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	52,535	26,080	26,455	98.4	98.4	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330	210	115	0.6	0.8	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	100	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	80	65	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
23 Construction	2,955	2,630	325	5.5	9.9	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	1,530	1,085	445	2.9	4.1	1.7
41 Wholesale trade	640	445	195	1.2	1.7	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	5,385	2,645	2,745	10.1	10.0	10.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,435	1,095	345	2.7	4.1	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,325	750	570	2.5	2.8	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,305	655	650	2.4	2.5	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,135	630	505	2.1	2.4	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,170	3,520	2,650	11.6	13.3	9.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,470	1,440	1,025	4.6	5.4	3.8
61 Educational services	4,450	1,695	2,755	8.3	6.4	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	7,855	1,940	5,910	14.7	7.3	22.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,550	800	750	2.9	3.0	2.8
72 Accommodation and food services	4,690	2,315	2,375	8.8	8.7	8.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,090	780	1,315	3.9	2.9	4.9
91 Public administration	6,915	3,225	3,690	12.9	12.2	13.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	56,845	28,085	28,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,690	27,115	27,580	96.2	96.5	95.9
French	100	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	795	360	435	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,070	490	580	1.9	1.7	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	56,845	28,085	28,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,605	27,980	28,630	99.6	99.6	99.5
Official languages	56,345	27,870	28,475	99.1	99.2	99.0
English	56,120	27,805	28,315	98.7	99.0	98.5
French	225	65	160	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	265	110	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	110	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	90	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	235	100	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	75	15	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	150	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	56,845	28,085	28,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,110	27,275	27,840	96.9	97.1	96.8
English	250	85	165	0.4	0.3	0.6
French	605	320	280	1.1	1.1	1.0
Non-official language	705	315	385	1.2	1.1	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	675	305	370	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,065	24,280	24,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,725	6,910	7,815	30.0	28.5	31.5
Worked outside Canada	110	85	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,195	3,645	1,545	10.6	15.0	6.2
Usual place of work	29,040	13,640	15,395	59.2	56.2	62.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,040	13,645	15,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,330	8,110	10,230	63.1	59.4	66.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,050	5,155	4,900	34.6	37.8	31.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	495	290	210	1.7	2.1	1.4
Commute to a different province or territory	155	90	65	0.5	0.7	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,230	17,290	16,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	18,245	9,535	8,705	53.3	55.1	51.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,695	8,985	7,705	48.8	52.0	45.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,550	550	1,000	4.5	3.2	5.9
Public transit	3,800	1,715	2,085	11.1	9.9	12.3
Walked	7,690	3,470	4,220	22.5	20.1	24.9
Bicycle	3,300	1,895	1,400	9.6	11.0	8.3
Other method	1,200	670	535	3.5	3.9	3.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,230	17,290	16,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,885	6,100	6,785	37.6	35.3	40.0
15 to 29 minutes	14,570	7,400	7,175	42.6	42.8	42.3
30 to 44 minutes	4,840	2,645	2,195	14.1	15.3	13.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,105	630	475	3.2	3.6	2.8
60 minutes and over	830	520	315	2.4	3.0	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,230	17,290	16,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,010	660	350	3.0	3.8	2.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,390	2,590	1,800	12.8	15.0	10.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,825	4,640	4,185	25.8	26.8	24.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,095	4,090	5,005	26.6	23.7	29.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,160	2,850	3,310	18.0	16.5	19.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,745	2,455	2,295	13.9	14.2	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,175	5,140	5,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	855	395	455	8.4	7.7	9.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,325	4,750	4,575	91.6	92.4	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,065	3,530	3,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	610	275	330	8.6	7.8	9.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	300	125	175	4.2	3.5	5.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	305	150	155	4.3	4.2	4.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,455	3,255	3,205	91.4	92.2	90.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 17, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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