Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Annapolis ValleyMore information: Nova Scotia [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	129,306	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	123,749	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	62,284	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	56,255	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	15.5	...	...	15.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,352.72	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	129,310	63,250	66,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,870	9,685	9,185	14.6	15.3	13.9
0 to 4 years	5,375	2,730	2,640	4.2	4.3	4.0
5 to 9 years	6,640	3,395	3,250	5.1	5.4	4.9
10 to 14 years	6,850	3,560	3,290	5.3	5.6	5.0
15 to 64 years	79,945	39,400	40,540	61.8	62.3	61.4
15 to 19 years	6,640	3,415	3,230	5.1	5.4	4.9
20 to 24 years	6,600	3,490	3,110	5.1	5.5	4.7
25 to 29 years	6,485	3,235	3,245	5.0	5.1	4.9
30 to 34 years	7,115	3,535	3,575	5.5	5.6	5.4
35 to 39 years	7,180	3,460	3,720	5.6	5.5	5.6
40 to 44 years	7,255	3,450	3,810	5.6	5.5	5.8
45 to 49 years	7,835	3,825	4,010	6.1	6.0	6.1
50 to 54 years	8,755	4,245	4,505	6.8	6.7	6.8
55 to 59 years	10,955	5,330	5,625	8.5	8.4	8.5
60 to 64 years	11,125	5,420	5,705	8.6	8.6	8.6
65 years and over	30,495	14,165	16,335	23.6	22.4	24.7
65 to 69 years	9,485	4,585	4,905	7.3	7.2	7.4
70 to 74 years	8,455	4,080	4,375	6.5	6.5	6.6
75 to 79 years	5,580	2,575	3,000	4.3	4.1	4.5
80 to 84 years	3,700	1,705	1,995	2.9	2.7	3.0
85 years and over	3,280	1,220	2,060	2.5	1.9	3.1
85 to 89 years	2,110	875	1,230	1.6	1.4	1.9
90 to 94 years	870	285	590	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	255	50	205	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.3	13.9	14.6	15.3	13.9
15 to 64 years	61.8	62.3	61.4	61.8	62.3	61.4
65 years and over	23.6	22.4	24.7	23.6	22.4	24.7
85 years and over	2.5	1.9	3.1	2.5	1.9	3.1
Average age of the population	45.2	44.2	46.1	45.2	44.2	46.1
Median age of the population	48.0	46.8	48.8	48.0	46.8	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	43,120	...	...	76.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,870	...	...	5.1	...	...
Row house	1,050	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,205	...	...	2.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,740	...	...	10.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,150	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,205	...	...	28.8	...	...
2 persons	22,940	...	...	40.8	...	...
3 persons	7,940	...	...	14.1	...	...
4 persons	6,045	...	...	10.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,135	...	...	5.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	127,355	62,445	64,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	110,440	53,565	56,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	66,370	33,110	33,255	60.1	61.8	58.5
Married	52,155	26,035	26,120	47.2	48.6	45.9
Living common-law	14,210	7,075	7,130	12.9	13.2	12.5
Living common law - Never married	9,255	4,620	4,640	8.4	8.6	8.2
Living common law - Separated	960	505	450	0.9	0.9	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	3,495	1,750	1,745	3.2	3.3	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	500	200	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	44,070	20,455	23,615	39.9	38.2	41.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,265	14,305	11,960	23.8	26.7	21.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,165	1,420	1,745	2.9	2.7	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,265	3,100	4,165	6.6	5.8	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,375	1,625	5,745	6.7	3.0	10.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	23,530	...	...	60.6	...	...
3 persons	7,485	...	...	19.3	...	...
4 persons	5,515	...	...	14.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,305	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	32,735	...	...	84.3	...	...
Married couples	25,635	...	...	66.0	...	...
With children⁶	10,290	...	...	26.5	...	...
Without children	15,340	...	...	39.5	...	...
Common-law couples	7,105	...	...	18.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,750	...	...	7.1	...	...
Without children	4,355	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,100	...	...	15.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,645	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,455	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	127,355	62,445	64,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	104,030	51,510	52,520	81.7	82.5	80.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	65,470	32,650	32,825	51.4	52.3	50.6
Parents in one-parent families	6,100	1,455	4,640	4.8	2.3	7.1
Children⁶	32,460	17,405	15,050	25.5	27.9	23.2
In a two-parent family	23,245	12,430	10,815	18.3	19.9	16.7
In a one-parent family	9,210	4,975	4,235	7.2	8.0	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,325	10,935	12,390	18.3	17.5	19.1
Living alone	16,200	7,275	8,925	12.7	11.7	13.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,275	920	1,360	1.8	1.5	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	4,850	2,740	2,110	3.8	4.4	3.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	35,155	...	...	62.5	...	...
Couple-family households	30,405	...	...	54.0	...	...
With children⁶	12,080	...	...	21.5	...	...
Without children	18,325	...	...	32.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,755	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,120	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	225	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,520	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,040	...	...	3.6	...	...
One-person households	16,205	...	...	28.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	108,505	52,765	55,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,855	51,070	53,790	96.6	96.8	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,000	31,400	36,000	42,000	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,905	51,085	53,815	96.7	96.8	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,200	28,800	32,400	37,200	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,840	45,015	44,830	82.8	85.3	80.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	38,000	24,200	30,400	38,000	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,480	35,880	33,600	64.0	68.0	60.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,800	26,600	32,000	38,800	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,310	38,885	46,425	78.6	73.7	83.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	12,000	12,000	12,000	12,000	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,705	6,445	6,255	11.7	12.2	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880	6,280	5,480	5,880	6,280	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,725	10,755	12,965	21.9	20.4	23.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	108,525	52,760	55,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,980	51,055	53,925	96.7	96.8	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,480	49,680	37,600	43,480	49,680	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,040	51,085	53,955	96.8	96.8	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,520	40,800	32,480	36,520	40,800	32,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,910	44,945	44,965	82.8	85.2	80.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,240	46,280	32,200	39,240	46,280	32,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,500	35,885	33,615	64.0	68.0	60.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,560	45,440	33,280	39,560	45,440	33,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,140	38,650	46,490	78.5	73.3	83.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,180	11,820	12,470	12,180	11,820	12,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,575	6,235	6,345	11.6	11.8	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,960	7,440	6,480	6,960	7,440	6,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,585	10,520	13,060	21.7	19.9	23.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,810	8,660	8,920	8,810	8,660	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	108,520	52,760	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,845	18,420	14,425	30.3	34.9	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	59,600	47,200	53,600	59,600	47,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,700	64,700	53,300	59,700	64,700	53,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,910	12,960	14,955	25.7	24.6	26.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	19,400	13,800	16,200	19,400	13,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,440	27,800	19,660	23,440	27,800	19,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.2	82.0	71.4	77.2	82.0	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.2	64.2	55.2	60.2	64.2	55.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.7	18.0	28.6	22.7	18.0	28.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.2	7.0	5.5	4.2	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.6	5.8	4.6	3.6	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	108,505	52,765	55,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,650	1,695	1,955	3.4	3.2	3.5
With total income	104,860	51,065	53,790	96.6	96.8	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,260	3,845	5,420	8.8	7.5	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	15,010	5,740	9,265	14.3	11.2	17.2
$20,000 to $29,999	19,120	8,150	10,970	18.2	16.0	20.4
$30,000 to $39,999	14,755	6,470	8,285	14.1	12.7	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	12,880	6,125	6,760	12.3	12.0	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,620	5,230	4,385	9.2	10.2	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,845	4,250	2,595	6.5	8.3	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,310	3,375	1,930	5.1	6.6	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,945	2,395	1,550	3.8	4.7	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,595	1,590	1,005	2.5	3.1	1.9
$100,000 and over	5,515	3,890	1,625	5.3	7.6	3.0
$100,000 to $149,999	4,125	2,890	1,235	3.9	5.7	2.3
$150,000 and over	1,390	1,005	385	1.3	2.0	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	108,505	52,765	55,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,605	1,675	1,930	3.3	3.2	3.5
With after-tax income	104,900	51,085	53,815	96.7	96.8	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,850	3,985	5,865	9.4	7.8	10.9
$10,000 to $19,999	15,775	6,070	9,700	15.0	11.9	18.0
$20,000 to $29,999	22,215	9,630	12,580	21.2	18.9	23.4
$30,000 to $39,999	18,145	8,345	9,800	17.3	16.3	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	14,295	7,575	6,715	13.6	14.8	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	9,555	5,810	3,750	9.1	11.4	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,395	3,950	2,445	6.1	7.7	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,660	2,200	1,460	3.5	4.3	2.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,880	1,265	615	1.8	2.5	1.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,045	755	295	1.0	1.5	0.5
$100,000 and over	2,090	1,495	590	2.0	2.9	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,180	850	330	1.1	1.7	0.6
$125,000 and over	910	645	260	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	108,505	52,765	55,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	39,025	16,885	22,140	36.0	32.0	39.7
With employment income	69,480	35,880	33,600	64.0	68.0	60.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,430	4,820	5,610	15.0	13.4	16.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,850	2,485	3,370	8.4	6.9	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,985	3,985	5,000	12.9	11.1	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	7,860	3,555	4,305	11.3	9.9	12.8
$30,000 to $39,999	7,370	3,465	3,905	10.6	9.7	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	6,905	3,450	3,460	9.9	9.6	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,505	3,310	2,195	7.9	9.2	6.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,510	2,905	1,610	6.5	8.1	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,715	2,435	1,280	5.3	6.8	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,850	1,695	1,155	4.1	4.7	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,835	1,110	720	2.6	3.1	2.1
$100,000 and over	3,665	2,670	1,000	5.3	7.4	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,040	1,430	605	2.9	4.0	1.8
$125,000 and over	1,630	1,240	390	2.3	3.5	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	108,505	52,765	55,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,905	50,025	52,875	94.8	94.8	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,200	28,000	33,600	41,200	28,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,085	50,050	53,035	95.0	94.9	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	36,400	26,000	30,600	36,400	26,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,570	44,850	44,725	82.5	85.0	80.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	38,800	24,800	31,000	38,800	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,420	36,335	34,085	64.9	68.9	61.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,600	26,400	32,400	39,600	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,745	33,980	42,765	70.7	64.4	76.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	8,900	8,800	8,900	8,900	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,640	6,055	5,580	10.7	11.5	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	6,320	5,080	5,680	6,320	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	108,525	52,760	55,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,940	49,945	53,000	94.9	94.7	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,840	49,080	35,000	41,840	49,080	35,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	103,110	49,965	53,145	95.0	94.7	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,120	40,400	30,120	35,120	40,400	30,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,495	44,670	44,820	82.5	84.7	80.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,760	47,480	32,080	39,760	47,480	32,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,330	36,280	34,045	64.8	68.8	61.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,880	46,240	33,120	39,880	46,240	33,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,750	33,900	42,845	70.7	64.3	76.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,710	9,710	9,710	9,710	9,710	9,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,760	6,035	5,730	10.8	11.4	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,860	7,240	6,450	6,860	7,240	6,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	108,520	52,760	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,610	18,310	14,295	30.0	34.7	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	56,400	44,000	50,400	56,400	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,500	61,950	49,560	56,500	61,950	49,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,260	12,180	14,080	24.2	23.1	25.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	25,000	17,400	20,200	25,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,480	34,440	23,300	28,480	34,440	23,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.6	86.6	77.6	82.6	86.6	77.6
Employment income (%)	65.2	68.4	60.8	65.2	68.4	60.8
Government transfers (%)	17.3	13.4	22.4	17.3	13.4	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	56,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,800	...	...	30,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	40,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	56,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,100	...	...	81,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,200	...	...	68,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,960	...	...	41,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,320	...	...	35,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	40,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...	96,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,400	...	...	81,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	530	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	355	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,105	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,060	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,405	...	...	6.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,325	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,500	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,760	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,730	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,730	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,830	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,515	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,195	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,825	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,200	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,205	...	...	28.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,300	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,010	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,790	...	...	6.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,100	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	590	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	365	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,130	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,150	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,645	...	...	6.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,700	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,005	...	...	5.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,260	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,195	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,145	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,800	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,465	...	...	9.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,740	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,055	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,195	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,805	...	...	19.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,455	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,785	...	...	5.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,565	...	...	4.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	52,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,050	10,015	11,035	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	35,200	30,400	32,400	35,200	30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800	31,400	28,400	29,800	31,400	28,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,700	...	...	96,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,100	...	...	81,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,400	...	...	72,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,200	...	...	124,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...	102,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,600	...	...	64,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,950	...	...	56,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,045	10,045	11,000	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,160	43,160	37,400	40,160	43,160	37,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,080	35,600	32,720	34,080	35,600	32,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	127,355	62,445	64,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,800	11,740	11,065	17.9	18.8	17.0
0 to 5 years	6,655	3,390	3,265	5.2	5.4	5.0
18 to 64 years	75,375	36,975	38,400	59.2	59.2	59.2
65 years and over	29,180	13,735	15,445	22.9	22.0	23.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,385	9,205	11,175	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,980	2,005	1,970	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,295	635	660	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,920	4,535	5,390	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,485	2,665	3,820	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.0	14.7	17.2	16.0	14.7	17.2
0 to 17 years (%)	17.4	17.1	17.8	17.4	17.1	17.8
0 to 5 years (%)	19.5	18.8	20.3	19.5	18.8	20.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.3	14.0	13.2	12.3	14.0
65 years and over (%)	22.2	19.4	24.7	22.2	19.4	24.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	123,750	60,725	63,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,920	11,300	10,625	17.7	18.6	16.9
0 to 5 years	6,385	3,265	3,125	5.2	5.4	5.0
18 to 64 years	73,210	35,945	37,270	59.2	59.2	59.1
65 years and over	28,620	13,485	15,135	23.1	22.2	24.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,420	2,225	2,190	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	615	325	290	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	90	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,430	1,735	1,695	...	...	...
65 years and over	375	165	210	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.8	2.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	127,355	62,445	64,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	82,260	39,505	42,760	64.6	63.3	65.9
In bottom decile	17,130	7,950	9,185	13.5	12.7	14.2
In second decile	18,430	8,570	9,865	14.5	13.7	15.2
In third decile	16,995	8,210	8,790	13.3	13.1	13.5
In fourth decile	15,620	7,760	7,865	12.3	12.4	12.1
In fifth decile	14,080	7,020	7,060	11.1	11.2	10.9
In top half of the distribution	45,095	22,935	22,155	35.4	36.7	34.1
In sixth decile	12,550	6,400	6,155	9.9	10.2	9.5
In seventh decile	11,370	5,790	5,580	8.9	9.3	8.6
In eighth decile	9,525	4,805	4,720	7.5	7.7	7.3
In ninth decile	7,205	3,665	3,545	5.7	5.9	5.5
In top decile	4,440	2,280	2,160	3.5	3.7	3.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	127,355	...	...	127,355	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.441	...	...	0.441	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264	...	...	0.264	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	127,895	62,705	65,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	118,475	58,590	59,880	92.6	93.4	91.8
French only	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	9,165	3,975	5,185	7.2	6.3	8.0
Neither English nor French	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	127,895	62,705	65,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	125,550	61,500	64,055	98.2	98.1	98.3
French	2,035	1,050	985	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and French	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	185	95	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	127,895	62,705	65,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	126,665	62,120	64,545	99.0	99.1	99.0
Official languages	123,055	60,380	62,675	96.2	96.3	96.1
English	120,930	59,295	61,640	94.6	94.6	94.5
French	2,120	1,085	1,040	1.7	1.7	1.6
Non-official languages	3,615	1,735	1,875	2.8	2.8	2.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,515	1,690	1,830	2.7	2.7	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	195	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	315	125	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	265	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,315	1,140	1,175	1.8	1.8	1.8
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,350	620	735	1.1	1.0	1.1
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	740	335	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	705	315	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	555	260	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	365	225	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	340	220	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	195	135	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	315	160	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	235	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	235	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,225	585	645	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	625	295	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	515	245	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	127,895	62,705	65,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	122,490	60,130	62,360	95.8	95.9	95.7
French	475	230	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	925	485	440	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	920	480	435	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and French	1,395	645	755	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,440	1,125	1,315	1.9	1.8	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	127,895	62,705	65,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	127,250	62,385	64,860	99.5	99.5	99.5
Official languages	125,610	61,550	64,055	98.2	98.2	98.3
English	124,905	61,205	63,700	97.7	97.6	97.7
French	710	350	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	1,630	835	800	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,615	825	790	1.3	1.3	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,010	530	480	0.8	0.8	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	550	255	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	350	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	345	155	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	225	140	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	215	140	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	105	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	650	315	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	405	200	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	127,895	62,700	65,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	124,475	61,130	63,350	97.3	97.5	97.2
English	830	400	430	0.6	0.6	0.7
French	970	440	525	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	1,325	585	740	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,205	530	675	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	127,355	62,470	64,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	127,160	62,350	64,805	99.8	99.8	99.9
English	127,105	62,340	64,770	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	9,170	3,950	5,220	7.2	6.3	8.0
Non-official languages	6,170	2,940	3,230	4.8	4.7	5.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	285	95	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	260	85	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	225	80	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq	225	80	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,895	2,845	3,050	4.6	4.6	4.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	175	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	300	175	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	260	150	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	525	225	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	495	205	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	305	200	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	105	80	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,035	1,995	2,035	3.2	3.2	3.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	430	230	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	415	225	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,960	900	1,065	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,260	605	660	1.0	1.0	1.0
German	1,235	590	645	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	805	355	440	0.6	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	545	240	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	580	410	170	0.5	0.7	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	565	405	160	0.4	0.6	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	335	225	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	325	245	80	0.3	0.4	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,125	490	635	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	885	375	510	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	260	85	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	200	65	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	120	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	280	120	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	127,355	62,470	64,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,595	2,985	3,615	5.2	4.8	5.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,305	2,845	3,465	5.0	4.6	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,055	1,845	2,205	3.2	3.0	3.4
Métis	2,045	890	1,160	1.6	1.4	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	170	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	120,760	59,485	61,270	94.8	95.2	94.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	127,355	62,470	64,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,475	1,080	1,400	1.9	1.7	2.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	124,880	61,390	63,490	98.1	98.3	97.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	41,395	...	...	73.6	...	...
Renter	14,400	...	...	25.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	465	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	850	...	...	1.5	...	...
Not condominium	55,405	...	...	98.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,845	...	...	8.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,185	...	...	27.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,595	...	...	40.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,515	...	...	24.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,935	...	...	19.4	...	...
5 rooms	8,940	...	...	15.9	...	...
6 rooms	9,450	...	...	16.8	...	...
7 rooms	8,035	...	...	14.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,895	...	...	33.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	55,985	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	270	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	54,810	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,440	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	15,485	...	...	27.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,410	...	...	25.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,215	...	...	14.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,450	...	...	13.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,730	...	...	4.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,955	...	...	5.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,505	...	...	4.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,505	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	50,985	...	...	90.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,270	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,500	...	...	52.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,190	...	...	44.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,565	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,535	...	...	2.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,240	...	...	11.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,675	...	...	13.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,355	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,585	...	...	22.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,745	...	...	19.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,170	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,945	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	54,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	45,650	...	...	84.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,480	...	...	15.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,715	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	56,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,875	...	...	24.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,430	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,110	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,045	...	...	7.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	960	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	240	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	42,380	...	...	75.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	53,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,280	...	...	8.0	...	...
Not in core need	49,080	...	...	92.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,965	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.1	...	...	56.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	985	...	...	985	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	270,400	...	...	270,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,215	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.4	...	...	31.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.3	...	...	17.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	922	...	...	922	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	465	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	0	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	168	...	...	168	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	127,355	62,470	64,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,745	1,220	1,520	2.2	2.0	2.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,705	1,205	1,500	2.1	1.9	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,205	975	1,225	1.7	1.6	1.9
Métis single ancestry	385	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,990	2,830	3,165	4.7	4.5	4.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,800	2,725	3,075	4.6	4.4	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,410	2,045	2,370	3.5	3.3	3.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,190	565	630	0.9	0.9	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,615	58,415	60,200	93.1	93.5	92.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	127,360	62,470	64,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	124,260	60,790	63,475	97.6	97.3	97.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,455	11,615	10,840	17.6	18.6	16.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	101,810	49,175	52,630	79.9	78.7	81.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,095	1,680	1,415	2.4	2.7	2.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	127,360	62,470	64,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	120,055	58,795	61,260	94.3	94.1	94.4
Immigrants⁸¹	6,205	2,935	3,270	4.9	4.7	5.0
Before 1980	2,485	1,180	1,305	2.0	1.9	2.0
1980 to 1990	710	305	400	0.6	0.5	0.6
1991 to 2000	695	310	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
2001 to 2010	885	425	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,430	705	720	1.1	1.1	1.1
2011 to 2015	530	250	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
2016 to 2021	895	455	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,095	735	360	0.9	1.2	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,205	2,940	3,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	830	360	475	13.4	12.2	14.5
5 to 14 years	1,280	690	590	20.6	23.5	18.0
15 to 24 years	1,030	470	565	16.6	16.0	17.3
25 to 44 years	2,490	1,140	1,350	40.1	38.8	41.3
45 years and over	570	280	290	9.2	9.5	8.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,205	2,940	3,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,510	690	815	24.3	23.5	24.9
Brazil	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	60	15	1.3	2.0	0.5
Mexico	35	20	20	0.6	0.7	0.6
Peru	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United States of America	995	425	575	16.0	14.5	17.6
Other places of birth in Americas	280	140	145	4.5	4.8	4.4
Europe	3,445	1,720	1,725	55.5	58.5	52.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
Croatia	30	15	10	0.5	0.5	0.3
France	100	65	35	1.6	2.2	1.1
Germany	420	175	245	6.8	6.0	7.5
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	25	15	0.6	0.9	0.5
Italy	40	40	0	0.6	1.4	0.0
Netherlands	425	240	185	6.8	8.2	5.7
Poland	85	40	50	1.4	1.4	1.5
Portugal	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Romania	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	45	30	15	0.7	1.0	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,890	925	965	30.5	31.5	29.5
Other places of birth in Europe	280	130	150	4.5	4.4	4.6
Africa	115	50	70	1.9	1.7	2.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	30	35	1.1	1.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	40	10	30	0.6	0.3	0.9
Asia	1,070	445	625	17.2	15.1	19.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Lebanon	60	40	20	1.0	1.4	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	25	0.9	1.0	0.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	165	60	110	2.7	2.0	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	360	140	225	5.8	4.8	6.9
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	155	90	70	2.5	3.1	2.1
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	155	30	120	2.5	1.0	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	70	35	35	1.1	1.2	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	895	460	440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	175	85	90	19.6	18.5	20.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	25	0	2.8	5.4	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	110	45	65	12.3	9.8	14.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15	1.7	0.0	3.4
Europe	200	115	80	22.3	25.0	18.2
France	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.3
Germany	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.3
Ukraine	25	10	15	2.8	2.2	3.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	50	20	7.8	10.9	4.5
Other places of birth in Europe	50	30	20	5.6	6.5	4.5
Africa	20	10	10	2.2	2.2	2.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.3
Asia	505	250	260	56.4	54.3	59.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	1.7	2.2	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	90	55	40	10.1	12.0	9.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	10	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
Philippines	245	115	130	27.4	25.0	29.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	25	25	5.6	5.4	5.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	25	3.9	2.2	5.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	127,355	62,470	64,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,625	4,320	4,310	6.8	6.9	6.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,940	4,825	5,110	7.8	7.7	7.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	108,790	53,325	55,460	85.4	85.4	85.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,715	1,755	1,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,985	985	995	53.4	56.1	50.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	815	510	305	21.9	29.1	15.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,170	475	700	31.5	27.1	35.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,430	615	820	38.5	35.0	41.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	245	135	115	6.6	7.7	5.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	20	35	1.5	1.1	1.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,715	1,755	1,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	25	20	1.2	1.4	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	795	440	360	21.4	25.1	18.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	185	130	55	5.0	7.4	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	135	60	80	3.6	3.4	4.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	15	20	0.9	0.9	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,525	1,095	1,425	68.0	62.4	72.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	127,355	62,470	64,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,085	2,615	2,470	4.0	4.2	3.8
South Asian	930	620	310	0.7	1.0	0.5
Chinese	360	145	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Black	2,075	1,090	985	1.6	1.7	1.5
Filipino	655	275	375	0.5	0.4	0.6
Arab	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	190	65	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Southeast Asian	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	122,270	59,855	62,415	96.0	95.8	96.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	127,355	62,470	64,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	24,760	12,260	12,500	19.4	19.6	19.3
English	33,345	16,210	17,140	26.2	25.9	26.4
Irish	24,965	11,530	13,435	19.6	18.5	20.7
Scottish	30,760	14,710	16,050	24.2	23.5	24.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,985	5,835	6,145	9.4	9.3	9.5
German	14,695	7,065	7,625	11.5	11.3	11.8
Chinese	455	185	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italian	1,675	875	805	1.3	1.4	1.2
Indian (India)	710	440	265	0.6	0.7	0.4
Ukrainian	1,155	525	625	0.9	0.8	1.0
Dutch	5,830	2,900	2,930	4.6	4.6	4.5
Polish	1,115	565	545	0.9	0.9	0.8
Québécois	315	200	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,560	2,715	2,845	4.4	4.3	4.4
Filipino	480	195	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
French Canadian	820	410	410	0.6	0.7	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	8,695	4,345	4,350	6.8	7.0	6.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,280	1,075	1,195	1.8	1.7	1.8
Métis	1,785	845	940	1.4	1.4	1.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	7,890	3,880	4,005	6.2	6.2	6.2
Russian	465	185	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	795	425	370	0.6	0.7	0.6
Welsh	2,530	1,205	1,325	2.0	1.9	2.0
Portuguese	235	85	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
American	1,065	530	535	0.8	0.8	0.8
Spanish	405	170	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Swedish	565	260	310	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	315	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Acadian	4,290	1,935	2,355	3.4	3.1	3.6
Pakistani	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	690	355	330	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	370	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	55	55	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	85	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	275	180	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	200	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	475	255	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iranian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	555	285	270	0.4	0.5	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	765	340	420	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	50	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	290	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	315	120	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	295	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	355	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,965	1,380	1,590	2.3	2.2	2.5
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	635	285	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	525	230	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Serbian	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	845	410	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hong Konger	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	275	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	345	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
South African	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	4,115	2,080	2,040	3.2	3.3	3.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	370	200	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Brunswicker	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	595	300	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Israeli	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	255	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	265	100	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maliseet	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	127,355	62,470	64,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	225	90	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	67,325	31,035	36,290	52.9	49.7	55.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,830	3,430	3,405	5.4	5.5	5.2
Anabaptist	340	155	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anglican	10,205	4,625	5,580	8.0	7.4	8.6
Baptist	15,820	7,245	8,570	12.4	11.6	13.2
Catholic	17,190	8,085	9,105	13.5	12.9	14.0
Christian Orthodox	165	100	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	705	340	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	270	105	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	410	220	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	670	300	370	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,160	535	620	0.9	0.9	1.0
Presbyterian	1,200	465	730	0.9	0.7	1.1
Reformed	145	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Church	9,960	4,325	5,630	7.8	6.9	8.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,255	1,015	1,240	1.8	1.6	1.9
Hindu	230	155	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Muslim	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	240	200	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	190	80	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	925	355	570	0.7	0.6	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	57,905	30,415	27,485	45.5	48.7	42.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	126,360	61,955	64,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	113,145	55,495	57,650	89.5	89.6	89.5
Movers	13,220	6,460	6,755	10.5	10.4	10.5
Non-migrants	4,915	2,480	2,435	3.9	4.0	3.8
Migrants	8,305	3,980	4,330	6.6	6.4	6.7
Internal migrants	7,855	3,785	4,080	6.2	6.1	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	5,105	2,420	2,685	4.0	3.9	4.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,750	1,360	1,390	2.2	2.2	2.2
External migrants	445	195	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	121,965	59,725	62,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	78,690	38,825	39,865	64.5	65.0	64.1
Movers	43,275	20,905	22,375	35.5	35.0	35.9
Non-migrants	10,740	5,165	5,580	8.8	8.6	9.0
Migrants	32,535	15,740	16,795	26.7	26.4	27.0
Internal migrants	30,420	14,550	15,870	24.9	24.4	25.5
Intraprovincial migrants	21,010	9,890	11,125	17.2	16.6	17.9
Interprovincial migrants	9,405	4,665	4,740	7.7	7.8	7.6
External migrants	2,120	1,190	930	1.7	2.0	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	108,520	52,760	55,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,555	13,365	10,190	21.7	25.3	18.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	84,970	39,395	45,570	78.3	74.7	81.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,220	32,230	33,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,595	6,030	3,570	14.5	18.7	10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,625	26,195	30,425	85.5	81.3	89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	108,525	52,760	55,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,400	11,170	9,225	18.8	21.2	16.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,255	15,580	15,670	28.8	29.5	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,870	26,000	30,870	52.4	49.3	55.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,430	18,060	19,375	34.5	34.2	34.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,250	7,330	2,920	9.4	13.9	5.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,500	3,185	2,315	5.1	6.0	4.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,750	4,145	610	4.4	7.9	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,190	10,025	15,165	23.2	19.0	27.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,990	700	1,285	1.8	1.3	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,440	7,950	11,495	17.9	15.1	20.6
Bachelor's degree	13,100	5,245	7,855	12.1	9.9	14.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	990	375	615	0.9	0.7	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	490	230	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	4,105	1,600	2,505	3.8	3.0	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	755	495	265	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,215	32,225	33,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,945	4,860	3,090	12.0	15.1	9.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,070	9,490	8,580	27.3	29.4	25.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,205	17,880	22,325	60.7	55.5	65.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,245	12,750	13,495	39.6	39.6	39.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,620	4,800	1,815	10.0	14.9	5.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,595	2,125	1,465	5.4	6.6	4.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,020	2,670	350	4.6	8.3	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,380	7,490	10,895	27.8	23.2	32.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,245	460	780	1.9	1.4	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,960	5,130	8,830	21.1	15.9	26.0
Bachelor's degree	9,640	3,590	6,050	14.6	11.1	17.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	670	235	435	1.0	0.7	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	395	150	245	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	2,860	930	1,935	4.3	2.9	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	390	225	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	108,525	52,760	55,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,645	26,755	24,895	47.6	50.7	44.6
Education	4,175	975	3,195	3.8	1.8	5.7
13. Education	4,175	975	3,195	3.8	1.8	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,250	650	600	1.2	1.2	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	175	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,040	480	565	1.0	0.9	1.0
Humanities	2,545	1,020	1,525	2.3	1.9	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	190	55	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	755	230	530	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	165	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	400	240	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	20	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,295	1,470	3,830	4.9	2.8	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	430	145	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395	95	1,300	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	635	170	465	0.6	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,115	320	800	1.0	0.6	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,535	665	870	1.4	1.3	1.6
Business, management and public administration	11,905	3,125	8,780	11.0	5.9	15.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,070	205	865	1.0	0.4	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,795	2,915	7,875	9.9	5.5	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,235	1,100	1,135	2.1	2.1	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,020	455	565	0.9	0.9	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	510	205	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	570	400	175	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,680	1,040	635	1.5	2.0	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,355	940	410	1.2	1.8	0.7
25. Library science	170	25	145	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,740	12,035	710	11.7	22.8	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,005	860	145	0.9	1.6	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,715	2,470	245	2.5	4.7	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,665	3,585	80	3.4	6.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,885	3,775	105	3.6	7.2	0.2
48. Precision production	1,295	1,245	50	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,975	1,035	945	1.8	2.0	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,595	790	805	1.5	1.5	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	385	245	135	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	8,730	1,305	7,425	8.0	2.5	13.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	680	350	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,895	875	7,025	7.3	1.7	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,340	2,250	2,095	4.0	4.3	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,405	570	1,830	2.2	1.1	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	155	150	10	0.1	0.3	0.0
43. Security and protective services	655	475	170	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,120	1,040	80	1.0	2.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	66,220	32,230	33,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,020	14,350	11,670	39.3	44.5	34.3
Education	2,460	480	1,980	3.7	1.5	5.8
13. Education	2,460	480	1,980	3.7	1.5	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	900	470	430	1.4	1.5	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	125	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	750	345	405	1.1	1.1	1.2
Humanities	1,600	585	1,015	2.4	1.8	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	40	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	485	145	340	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	125	205	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	240	115	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,120	940	3,185	6.2	2.9	9.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	395	150	245	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,155	75	1,080	1.7	0.2	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	490	70	420	0.7	0.2	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	825	180	645	1.2	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,130	415	710	1.7	1.3	2.1
Business, management and public administration	8,425	2,210	6,215	12.7	6.9	18.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	830	145	685	1.3	0.4	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,565	2,060	5,505	11.4	6.4	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,475	650	835	2.2	2.0	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	680	270	410	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370	125	245	0.6	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	375	240	135	0.6	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,300	815	485	2.0	2.5	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,115	765	350	1.7	2.4	1.0
25. Library science	100	10	85	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,045	8,455	595	13.7	26.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	745	630	115	1.1	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,970	1,770	200	3.0	5.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,530	2,460	70	3.8	7.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,805	2,700	105	4.2	8.4	0.3
48. Precision production	870	835	40	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,455	685	770	2.2	2.1	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,180	510	670	1.8	1.6	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	170	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	6,220	935	5,285	9.4	2.9	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	505	255	245	0.8	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,600	625	4,975	8.5	1.9	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,200	1,660	1,535	4.8	5.2	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,735	385	1,350	2.6	1.2	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	540	405	125	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	850	790	60	1.3	2.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	66,220	32,230	33,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,020	14,350	11,670	39.3	44.5	34.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,205	17,880	22,325	60.7	55.5	65.7
Location of study inside Canada	38,160	16,895	21,265	57.6	52.4	62.6
Same as province or territory of residence	29,120	12,570	16,550	44.0	39.0	48.7
Different than province or territory of residence	9,040	4,325	4,715	13.7	13.4	13.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,045	985	1,060	3.1	3.1	3.1
Americas	550	280	270	0.8	0.9	0.8
United States of America	445	225	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazil	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	820	405	410	1.2	1.3	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	430	220	215	0.6	0.7	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Africa	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	595	270	325	0.9	0.8	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	220	70	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	205	130	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	108,525	52,760	55,765	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,250	32,520	29,725	...	...	...
Employed	55,330	29,135	26,190	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,920	3,380	3,540	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	46,275	20,240	26,040	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.4	61.6	53.3	57.4	61.6	53.3
Employment rate	51.0	55.2	47.0	51.0	55.2	47.0
Unemployment rate	11.1	10.4	11.9	11.1	10.4	11.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	108,525	52,760	55,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	44,810	19,720	25,095	41.3	37.4	45.0
Worked	63,710	33,040	30,670	58.7	62.6	55.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,900	19,085	14,820	31.2	36.2	26.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,810	13,955	15,855	27.5	26.4	28.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.1	40.5	41.3	42.1	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,245	32,520	29,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,210	635	580	1.9	2.0	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,035	31,890	29,150	98.1	98.1	98.1
Employee	52,520	26,910	25,610	84.4	82.7	86.2
Permanent position	42,740	22,015	20,720	68.7	67.7	69.7
Temporary position	9,780	4,890	4,885	15.7	15.0	16.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,700	1,235	1,465	4.3	3.8	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,080	3,655	3,420	11.4	11.2	11.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,515	4,975	3,535	13.7	15.3	11.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,245	32,520	29,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,210	635	580	1.9	2.0	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,035	31,890	29,150	98.1	98.1	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	385	225	160	0.6	0.7	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,715	1,950	5,760	12.4	6.0	19.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,305	2,495	815	5.3	7.7	2.7
3 Health occupations	5,470	780	4,695	8.8	2.4	15.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,830	3,405	5,420	14.2	10.5	18.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,295	535	760	2.1	1.6	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	14,295	5,490	8,805	23.0	16.9	29.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,900	11,910	990	20.7	36.6	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,275	2,425	850	5.3	7.5	2.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,560	2,665	890	5.7	8.2	3.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,245	32,520	29,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,210	635	580	1.9	2.0	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	61,035	31,890	29,150	98.1	98.1	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,210	2,140	1,070	5.2	6.6	3.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	370	340	30	0.6	1.0	0.1
22 Utilities	290	225	65	0.5	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	5,625	5,105	520	9.0	15.7	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	5,465	4,145	1,325	8.8	12.7	4.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,635	1,115	525	2.6	3.4	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	7,635	3,230	4,400	12.3	9.9	14.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,860	2,235	625	4.6	6.9	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	680	335	335	1.1	1.0	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,220	365	860	2.0	1.1	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	705	375	330	1.1	1.2	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,660	1,235	1,420	4.3	3.8	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,375	1,445	930	3.8	4.4	3.1
61 Educational services	4,615	1,310	3,305	7.4	4.0	11.1
62 Health care and social assistance	9,035	1,490	7,550	14.5	4.6	25.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	975	510	465	1.6	1.6	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,285	1,275	2,010	5.3	3.9	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,705	1,390	1,305	4.3	4.3	4.4
91 Public administration	5,650	3,605	2,040	9.1	11.1	6.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,920	35,120	32,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,270	34,375	31,900	97.6	97.9	97.3
French	155	25	135	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	970	440	530	1.4	1.3	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	385	220	165	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,920	35,120	32,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	67,705	35,010	32,695	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	67,520	34,930	32,590	99.4	99.5	99.4
English	67,230	34,875	32,350	99.0	99.3	98.6
French	290	50	240	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official languages	180	80	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	75	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,920	35,120	32,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,755	34,550	32,205	98.3	98.4	98.2
English	200	60	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	715	355	355	1.1	1.0	1.1
Non-official language	230	135	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	205	125	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,325	29,135	26,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,645	3,720	4,925	15.6	12.8	18.8
Worked outside Canada	140	125	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,255	6,395	1,870	14.9	21.9	7.1
Usual place of work	38,280	18,900	19,380	69.2	64.9	74.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,280	18,900	19,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,635	6,935	7,695	38.2	36.7	39.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,930	5,460	6,470	31.2	28.9	33.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,345	6,250	5,090	29.6	33.1	26.3
Commute to a different province or territory	375	250	120	1.0	1.3	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,540	25,290	21,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,225	23,505	19,725	92.9	92.9	92.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,995	21,900	18,095	85.9	86.6	85.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,225	1,600	1,625	6.9	6.3	7.6
Public transit	330	155	170	0.7	0.6	0.8
Walked	1,840	965	870	4.0	3.8	4.1
Bicycle	190	145	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	960	520	435	2.1	2.1	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,540	25,290	21,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,930	8,495	9,440	38.5	33.6	44.4
15 to 29 minutes	14,310	7,615	6,695	30.7	30.1	31.5
30 to 44 minutes	8,045	4,855	3,190	17.3	19.2	15.0
45 to 59 minutes	3,275	2,080	1,195	7.0	8.2	5.6
60 minutes and over	2,975	2,240	735	6.4	8.9	3.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,540	25,290	21,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,635	2,720	915	7.8	10.8	4.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,210	6,435	3,775	21.9	25.4	17.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,495	7,650	6,845	31.1	30.2	32.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,740	3,700	5,040	18.8	14.6	23.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,710	1,555	2,155	8.0	6.1	10.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,740	3,225	2,515	12.3	12.8	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,265	11,955	11,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,630	830	800	7.0	6.9	7.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,630	11,125	10,505	93.0	93.1	92.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,435	8,975	8,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,180	610	570	6.8	6.8	6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	235	265	2.9	2.6	3.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	680	375	300	3.9	4.2	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,255	8,370	7,890	93.2	93.3	93.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 26, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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