Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Barrie--InnisfilMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	120,378	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	109,286	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	44,997	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,484	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	364.0	...	...	364.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	330.74	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	120,375	59,540	60,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,855	11,340	10,520	18.2	19.0	17.3
0 to 4 years	6,400	3,360	3,045	5.3	5.6	5.0
5 to 9 years	7,405	3,830	3,585	6.2	6.4	5.9
10 to 14 years	8,045	4,155	3,890	6.7	7.0	6.4
15 to 64 years	80,870	40,180	40,685	67.2	67.5	66.9
15 to 19 years	8,015	4,150	3,865	6.7	7.0	6.4
20 to 24 years	6,950	3,625	3,325	5.8	6.1	5.5
25 to 29 years	7,425	3,810	3,620	6.2	6.4	6.0
30 to 34 years	7,995	3,940	4,055	6.6	6.6	6.7
35 to 39 years	8,385	4,080	4,300	7.0	6.9	7.1
40 to 44 years	8,235	3,935	4,300	6.8	6.6	7.1
45 to 49 years	8,555	4,215	4,340	7.1	7.1	7.1
50 to 54 years	8,665	4,275	4,395	7.2	7.2	7.2
55 to 59 years	9,205	4,510	4,695	7.6	7.6	7.7
60 to 64 years	7,435	3,645	3,785	6.2	6.1	6.2
65 years and over	17,655	8,025	9,630	14.7	13.5	15.8
65 to 69 years	5,585	2,640	2,950	4.6	4.4	4.8
70 to 74 years	4,505	2,150	2,355	3.7	3.6	3.9
75 to 79 years	3,230	1,475	1,755	2.7	2.5	2.9
80 to 84 years	2,105	935	1,165	1.7	1.6	1.9
85 years and over	2,220	825	1,395	1.8	1.4	2.3
85 to 89 years	1,355	585	770	1.1	1.0	1.3
90 to 94 years	695	205	490	0.6	0.3	0.8
95 to 99 years	160	35	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.2	19.0	17.3	18.2	19.0	17.3
15 to 64 years	67.2	67.5	66.9	67.2	67.5	66.9
65 years and over	14.7	13.5	15.8	14.7	13.5	15.8
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.3	1.8	1.4	2.3
Average age of the population	39.7	38.7	40.6	39.7	38.7	40.6
Median age of the population	39.6	38.8	40.8	39.6	38.8	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	31,935	...	...	75.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,245	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	4,540	...	...	10.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,630	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,575	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	525	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,060	...	...	19.0	...	...
2 persons	13,175	...	...	31.0	...	...
3 persons	7,970	...	...	18.8	...	...
4 persons	8,180	...	...	19.3	...	...
5 or more persons	5,100	...	...	12.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	119,275	59,170	60,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,520	48,205	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,175	29,035	29,140	59.0	60.2	57.9
Married	47,080	23,495	23,580	47.8	48.7	46.9
Living common-law	11,100	5,540	5,555	11.3	11.5	11.0
Living common law - Never married	7,565	3,800	3,765	7.7	7.9	7.5
Living common law - Separated	735	370	365	0.7	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,525	1,265	1,255	2.6	2.6	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	275	105	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	40,345	19,175	21,175	41.0	39.8	42.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,775	14,585	12,195	27.2	30.3	24.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,125	1,290	1,840	3.2	2.7	3.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,885	2,310	3,570	6.0	4.8	7.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,560	985	3,575	4.6	2.0	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,325	...	...	44.3	...	...
3 persons	8,090	...	...	23.4	...	...
4 persons	7,925	...	...	22.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,275	...	...	9.5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,605	...	...	82.6	...	...
Married couples	23,060	...	...	66.6	...	...
With children⁶	14,120	...	...	40.8	...	...
Without children	8,940	...	...	25.8	...	...
Common-law couples	5,545	...	...	16.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,530	...	...	7.3	...	...
Without children	3,015	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,005	...	...	17.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,570	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,435	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	119,275	59,170	60,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	103,970	51,835	52,135	87.2	87.6	86.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,215	28,570	28,640	48.0	48.3	47.6
Parents in one-parent families	6,005	1,435	4,570	5.0	2.4	7.6
Children⁶	40,750	21,825	18,925	34.2	36.9	31.5
In a two-parent family	31,135	16,595	14,540	26.1	28.0	24.2
In a one-parent family	9,620	5,235	4,385	8.1	8.8	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,305	7,330	7,975	12.8	12.4	13.3
Living alone	8,060	3,715	4,345	6.8	6.3	7.2
Living with other relatives⁷	3,305	1,335	1,970	2.8	2.3	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	3,940	2,285	1,660	3.3	3.9	2.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,340	...	...	66.7	...	...
Couple-family households	24,230	...	...	57.0	...	...
With children⁶	14,340	...	...	33.8	...	...
Without children	9,890	...	...	23.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,115	...	...	9.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,135	...	...	5.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	485	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,075	...	...	4.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,395	...	...	3.3	...	...
One-person households	8,060	...	...	19.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,445	47,845	49,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,455	45,755	47,690	95.9	95.6	96.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	51,200	37,200	42,800	51,200	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,530	45,795	47,730	96.0	95.7	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	34,000	38,800	44,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,275	42,305	41,970	86.5	88.4	84.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,400	28,600	37,600	48,400	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,865	37,125	34,740	73.7	77.6	70.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,000	31,600	40,000	50,000	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,875	40,335	43,540	86.1	84.3	87.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	6,080	10,600	8,500	6,080	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,865	4,315	5,545	10.1	9.0	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	5,520	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,450	14,565	15,885	31.2	30.4	32.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,440	47,845	49,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,540	45,805	47,740	96.0	95.7	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,200	62,450	46,240	54,200	62,450	46,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,615	45,835	47,780	96.1	95.8	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,320	51,080	39,800	45,320	51,080	39,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,310	42,140	42,165	86.5	88.1	85.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	59,150	40,040	49,600	59,150	40,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,865	36,970	34,890	73.8	77.3	70.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,080	58,550	41,080	50,080	58,550	41,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,000	40,285	43,715	86.2	84.2	88.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,570	9,120	11,900	10,570	9,120	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,920	4,305	5,615	10.2	9.0	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,580	6,125	6,930	6,580	6,125	6,930
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,270	14,605	15,665	31.1	30.5	31.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,950	8,640	9,250	8,950	8,640	9,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,445	47,840	49,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,065	20,085	14,985	36.0	42.0	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	74,500	59,600	67,000	74,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,700	83,200	65,700	75,700	83,200	65,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,825	12,560	15,265	28.6	26.3	30.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	22,000	15,600	17,800	22,000	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,920	32,680	23,980	27,920	32,680	23,980
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4	87.2	76.4	82.4	87.2	76.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	75.6	65.0	71.0	75.6	65.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.5	12.8	23.6	17.5	12.8	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.8	1.3	0.9	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	4.8	7.6	6.0	4.8	7.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.4	4.4	6.6	5.4	4.4	6.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,440	47,840	49,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,995	2,085	1,905	4.1	4.4	3.8
With total income	93,450	45,760	47,695	95.9	95.7	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,655	3,160	4,495	8.2	6.9	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,645	4,370	6,270	11.4	9.5	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	13,840	5,780	8,060	14.8	12.6	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,435	4,675	6,755	12.2	10.2	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	9,900	4,345	5,550	10.6	9.5	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,350	4,015	4,335	8.9	8.8	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,870	3,530	3,345	7.4	7.7	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,610	3,250	2,365	6.0	7.1	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,560	2,840	1,720	4.9	6.2	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,685	2,255	1,425	3.9	4.9	3.0
$100,000 and over	10,895	7,530	3,365	11.7	16.5	7.1
$100,000 to $149,999	7,910	5,260	2,655	8.5	11.5	5.6
$150,000 and over	2,980	2,270	715	3.2	5.0	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,440	47,840	49,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,910	2,045	1,865	4.0	4.3	3.8
With after-tax income	93,525	45,795	47,735	96.0	95.7	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,015	3,275	4,735	8.6	7.2	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	11,130	4,605	6,525	11.9	10.1	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	15,810	6,600	9,215	16.9	14.4	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	13,375	5,655	7,715	14.3	12.3	16.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,580	5,490	6,090	12.4	12.0	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	9,380	4,850	4,525	10.0	10.6	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	7,305	4,235	3,065	7.8	9.2	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,355	3,330	2,025	5.7	7.3	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,370	2,590	1,785	4.7	5.7	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,395	1,605	790	2.6	3.5	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,805	3,550	1,255	5.1	7.8	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,660	1,930	725	2.8	4.2	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,150	1,620	525	2.3	3.5	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,440	47,840	49,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,575	10,715	14,865	26.2	22.4	30.0
With employment income	71,865	37,130	34,735	73.8	77.6	70.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,730	4,500	5,230	13.5	12.1	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,890	2,430	3,460	8.2	6.5	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,175	3,485	4,690	11.4	9.4	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,115	2,665	3,450	8.5	7.2	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,030	2,720	3,315	8.4	7.3	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,110	2,795	3,310	8.5	7.5	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,420	2,850	2,570	7.5	7.7	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,850	2,665	2,185	6.7	7.2	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,085	2,520	1,560	5.7	6.8	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,520	2,235	1,285	4.9	6.0	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,180	1,905	1,280	4.4	5.1	3.7
$100,000 and over	8,760	6,355	2,400	12.2	17.1	6.9
$100,000 to $124,999	4,630	3,130	1,505	6.4	8.4	4.3
$125,000 and over	4,125	3,230	895	5.7	8.7	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,445	47,845	49,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,545	44,725	46,820	93.9	93.5	94.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,000	34,400	41,200	50,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,565	44,725	46,840	94.0	93.5	94.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,000	31,800	37,200	44,000	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,330	41,690	41,635	85.5	87.1	83.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	49,600	31,200	39,200	49,600	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,855	36,955	34,895	73.7	77.2	70.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,800	33,600	40,800	50,800	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,445	37,455	40,990	80.5	78.3	82.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,140	860	5,040	2,140	860	5,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,210	3,090	4,125	7.4	6.5	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,600	6,040	5,800	5,600	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,440	47,845	49,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,480	44,610	46,870	93.9	93.2	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,900	61,050	43,160	51,900	61,050	43,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,505	44,610	46,900	93.9	93.2	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,040	49,320	37,120	43,040	49,320	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,230	41,500	41,730	85.4	86.7	84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,520	60,600	40,520	50,520	60,600	40,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,680	36,775	34,900	73.6	76.9	70.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,250	60,150	41,840	51,250	60,150	41,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,450	37,340	41,110	80.5	78.0	82.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,900	5,595	8,080	6,900	5,595	8,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,155	3,110	4,045	7.3	6.5	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,390	6,570	8,020	7,390	6,570	8,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,445	47,840	49,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,770	19,895	14,870	35.7	41.6	30.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	72,500	55,200	64,000	72,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,800	80,900	61,950	72,800	80,900	61,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,375	11,845	14,530	27.1	24.8	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	29,600	22,200	24,800	29,600	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,040	40,000	29,200	34,040	40,000	29,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.6	92.4	83.6	88.6	92.4	83.6
Employment income (%)	77.4	81.2	72.2	77.4	81.2	72.2
Government transfers (%)	11.4	7.7	16.4	11.4	7.7	16.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.1	0.8	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...	119,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,900	...	...	99,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,150	...	...	60,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,200	...	...	50,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,400	...	...	111,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	395	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	805	...	...	1.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	925	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	830	...	...	2.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,095	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,135	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,260	...	...	3.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,515	...	...	5.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,665	...	...	6.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,635	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,605	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,330	...	...	52.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,210	...	...	14.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,820	...	...	11.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,125	...	...	14.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,175	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	440	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	865	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,045	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	995	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,240	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,415	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,465	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,125	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,265	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,320	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,280	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,190	...	...	7.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,140	...	...	42.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,565	...	...	15.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,650	...	...	10.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,925	...	...	16.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,000	6,000	6,005	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	49,200	41,600	45,200	49,200	41,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,800	37,600	40,000	42,800	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...	131,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,800	...	...	113,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,900	...	...	93,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,600	...	...	155,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,800	...	...	129,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...	90,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...	78,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,000	5,900	6,100	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,550	58,350	50,880	54,550	58,350	50,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,800	47,960	43,680	45,800	47,960	43,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	119,275	59,165	60,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,850	13,940	12,910	22.5	23.6	21.5
0 to 5 years	7,860	4,110	3,755	6.6	6.9	6.2
18 to 64 years	75,655	37,450	38,200	63.4	63.3	63.6
65 years and over	16,770	7,775	8,995	14.1	13.1	15.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,825	3,740	4,090	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,120	1,135	990	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	665	380	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,280	2,075	2,205	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,425	530	900	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.6	6.3	6.8	6.6	6.3	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.9	8.1	7.6	7.9	8.1	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.5	9.4	7.6	8.5	9.4	7.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	5.5	5.8	5.7	5.5	5.8
65 years and over (%)	8.5	6.8	10.0	8.5	6.8	10.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	119,275	59,170	60,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,855	13,935	12,915	22.5	23.6	21.5
0 to 5 years	7,865	4,105	3,755	6.6	6.9	6.2
18 to 64 years	75,650	37,455	38,195	63.4	63.3	63.5
65 years and over	16,770	7,775	8,995	14.1	13.1	15.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,910	1,545	1,370	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	680	350	335	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	185	100	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,035	1,110	925	...	...	...
65 years and over	195	85	115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.7	3.0	2.4	2.7	3.0	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	119,275	59,165	60,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	50,755	24,500	26,255	42.6	41.4	43.7
In bottom decile	7,045	3,470	3,580	5.9	5.9	6.0
In second decile	9,425	4,350	5,070	7.9	7.4	8.4
In third decile	10,530	5,055	5,475	8.8	8.5	9.1
In fourth decile	11,560	5,630	5,935	9.7	9.5	9.9
In fifth decile	12,190	6,000	6,195	10.2	10.1	10.3
In top half of the distribution	68,520	34,665	33,855	57.4	58.6	56.3
In sixth decile	13,500	6,800	6,700	11.3	11.5	11.1
In seventh decile	14,125	6,955	7,175	11.8	11.8	11.9
In eighth decile	14,575	7,345	7,235	12.2	12.4	12.0
In ninth decile	14,570	7,465	7,100	12.2	12.6	11.8
In top decile	11,750	6,100	5,645	9.9	10.3	9.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	119,275	...	...	119,275	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.396	...	...	0.396	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...	0.256	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	119,835	59,370	60,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	111,125	55,650	55,480	92.7	93.7	91.8
French only	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	7,475	3,170	4,305	6.2	5.3	7.1
Neither English nor French	1,170	525	645	1.0	0.9	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	119,835	59,370	60,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	116,550	57,905	58,645	97.3	97.5	97.0
French	1,785	790	995	1.5	1.3	1.6
English and French	375	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,130	510	620	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	119,835	59,370	60,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,390	57,750	58,640	97.1	97.3	97.0
Official languages	97,080	48,395	48,685	81.0	81.5	80.5
English	95,275	47,595	47,680	79.5	80.2	78.9
French	1,805	795	1,005	1.5	1.3	1.7
Non-official languages	19,315	9,355	9,960	16.1	15.8	16.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,295	9,340	9,955	16.1	15.7	16.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	830	425	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	810	415	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	410	220	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	410	175	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	305	125	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	770	285	480	0.6	0.5	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	630	235	400	0.5	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	485	255	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,005	6,935	7,070	11.7	11.7	11.7
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,085	1,975	2,110	3.4	3.3	3.5
Baltic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,005	1,945	2,065	3.3	3.3	3.4
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	945	445	495	0.8	0.7	0.8
Russian	2,180	1,090	1,090	1.8	1.8	1.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	235	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	290	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,195	535	655	1.0	0.9	1.1
Frisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	665	280	385	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	635	265	370	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	445	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	400	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	2,430	1,255	1,175	2.0	2.1	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,605	835	770	1.3	1.4	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	460	250	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	580	290	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	815	415	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	770	390	380	0.6	0.7	0.6
Dari	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	410	210	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,980	3,005	2,975	5.0	5.1	4.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,660	875	790	1.4	1.5	1.3
Portuguese	1,690	880	810	1.4	1.5	1.3
Romanian	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,400	1,140	1,260	2.0	1.9	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	490	220	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	280	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,155	525	630	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	1,140	515	625	1.0	0.9	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	820	370	450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	450	200	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	315	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,445	1,620	1,825	2.9	2.7	3.0
English and French	555	250	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,510	1,190	1,320	2.1	2.0	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	119,835	59,370	60,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	99,190	49,495	49,700	82.8	83.4	82.2
French	375	155	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	4,500	2,165	2,340	3.8	3.6	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,500	2,165	2,340	3.8	3.6	3.9
English and French	1,355	560	790	1.1	0.9	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	13,495	6,555	6,940	11.3	11.0	11.5
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	490	220	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	395	205	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	119,835	59,370	60,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,760	57,925	58,835	97.4	97.6	97.3
Official languages	107,560	53,410	54,150	89.8	90.0	89.6
English	107,005	53,175	53,825	89.3	89.6	89.0
French	555	235	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	9,205	4,515	4,685	7.7	7.6	7.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,205	4,515	4,685	7.7	7.6	7.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	390	195	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	380	195	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	180	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	325	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	365	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,285	3,125	3,155	5.2	5.3	5.2
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,240	1,130	1,110	1.9	1.9	1.8
Baltic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,205	1,115	1,090	1.8	1.9	1.8
Belarusian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	405	200	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	1,515	770	745	1.3	1.3	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,540	770	765	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,050	535	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	320	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	485	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	465	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	255	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,280	1,120	1,165	1.9	1.9	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	665	335	330	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romanian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,215	590	630	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	370	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	735	350	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	730	350	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	560	275	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,080	1,445	1,635	2.6	2.4	2.7
English and French	290	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,685	1,280	1,405	2.2	2.2	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	119,840	59,370	60,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	106,645	53,015	53,630	89.0	89.3	88.7
English	3,865	1,925	1,940	3.2	3.2	3.2
French	1,025	425	595	0.9	0.7	1.0
Non-official language	6,795	3,265	3,525	5.7	5.5	5.8
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,785	3,265	3,520	5.7	5.5	5.8
English and French	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	580	285	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	620	315	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	119,275	59,165	60,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	118,105	58,640	59,465	99.0	99.1	98.9
English	118,035	58,605	59,435	99.0	99.1	98.9
French	7,500	3,165	4,335	6.3	5.3	7.2
Non-official languages	26,210	12,695	13,515	22.0	21.5	22.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,165	12,690	13,480	21.9	21.4	22.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,820	940	880	1.5	1.6	1.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,745	900	845	1.5	1.5	1.4
Amharic	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arabic	860	450	410	0.7	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	245	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	570	290	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Maltese	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	585	295	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	500	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,070	370	705	0.9	0.6	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,030	345	685	0.9	0.6	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	695	330	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	525	240	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Telugu	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,085	9,540	9,545	16.0	16.1	15.9
Albanian	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,815	2,350	2,470	4.0	4.0	4.1
Baltic languages	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	4,755	2,325	2,430	4.0	3.9	4.0
Belarusian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	1,225	610	615	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	2,815	1,375	1,440	2.4	2.3	2.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	325	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	585	275	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,740	800	935	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,095	495	600	0.9	0.8	1.0
German	1,055	465	590	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	545	270	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	445	200	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	3,430	1,865	1,565	2.9	3.2	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,455	1,360	1,100	2.1	2.3	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	395	235	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindi	915	525	395	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kacchi	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	715	410	310	0.6	0.7	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,095	595	505	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,035	540	495	0.9	0.9	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	965	500	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dari	295	125	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	620	335	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,990	4,455	4,540	7.5	7.5	7.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,700	1,405	1,295	2.3	2.4	2.2
Portuguese	2,425	1,275	1,150	2.0	2.2	1.9
Romanian	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	4,030	1,865	2,165	3.4	3.2	3.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	610	260	345	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	720	335	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	275	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	145	25	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	145	25	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,370	610	770	1.1	1.0	1.3
Chinese languages	1,365	610	755	1.1	1.0	1.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,100	480	615	0.9	0.8	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	370	155	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	430	260	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Azerbaijani	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	350	215	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	495	195	295	0.4	0.3	0.5
Estonian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	350	150	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,275	59,170	60,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,425	1,650	1,780	2.9	2.8	3.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,225	1,555	1,670	2.7	2.6	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,940	1,010	930	1.6	1.7	1.5
Métis	1,250	530	720	1.0	0.9	1.2
Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	115,850	57,515	58,330	97.1	97.2	97.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,275	59,170	60,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,120	540	580	0.9	0.9	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	118,155	58,625	59,530	99.1	99.1	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,860	...	...	79.7	...	...
Renter	8,630	...	...	20.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,815	...	...	9.0	...	...
Not condominium	38,665	...	...	91.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,080	...	...	4.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,925	...	...	16.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,055	...	...	40.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,310	...	...	38.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,175	...	...	14.5	...	...
5 rooms	6,300	...	...	14.8	...	...
6 rooms	7,340	...	...	17.3	...	...
7 rooms	6,475	...	...	15.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,200	...	...	38.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,020	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	465	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,865	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,620	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,165	...	...	7.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,990	...	...	14.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,025	...	...	11.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,505	...	...	24.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	6,365	...	...	15.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,990	...	...	9.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,375	...	...	7.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,065	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,750	...	...	95.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,735	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,020	...	...	42.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,810	...	...	51.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,660	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	550	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,185	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,410	...	...	19.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,355	...	...	22.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,315	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,530	...	...	13.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,045	...	...	7.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,085	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,255	...	...	76.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,060	...	...	23.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,195	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,490	...	...	29.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,205	...	...	21.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,265	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,095	...	...	2.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	280	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	565	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,995	...	...	70.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,045	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	37,400	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,795	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.3	...	...	70.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.8	...	...	19.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,824	...	...	1,824	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	754,000	...	...	754,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,620	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.6	...	...	39.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.3	...	...	21.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,756	...	...	1,756	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	119,275	59,170	60,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,075	530	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,070	525	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	810	440	375	0.7	0.7	0.6
Métis single ancestry	235	80	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,770	1,740	2,035	3.2	2.9	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,740	1,730	2,005	3.1	2.9	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,655	1,245	1,405	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,070	475	590	0.9	0.8	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	114,425	56,895	57,530	95.9	96.2	95.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	119,275	59,165	60,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	112,810	55,970	56,840	94.6	94.6	94.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,030	13,485	12,535	21.8	22.8	20.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,785	42,485	44,300	72.8	71.8	73.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,465	3,200	3,265	5.4	5.4	5.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	119,275	59,165	60,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	95,100	47,480	47,615	79.7	80.3	79.2
Immigrants⁸¹	23,050	11,085	11,965	19.3	18.7	19.9
Before 1980	6,220	2,910	3,310	5.2	4.9	5.5
1980 to 1990	2,905	1,425	1,480	2.4	2.4	2.5
1991 to 2000	4,100	1,930	2,170	3.4	3.3	3.6
2001 to 2010	4,865	2,365	2,495	4.1	4.0	4.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,960	2,450	2,510	4.2	4.1	4.2
2011 to 2015	2,445	1,185	1,260	2.0	2.0	2.1
2016 to 2021	2,515	1,270	1,250	2.1	2.1	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,125	600	530	0.9	1.0	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	23,050	11,085	11,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,665	1,365	1,305	11.6	12.3	10.9
5 to 14 years	4,955	2,505	2,450	21.5	22.6	20.5
15 to 24 years	4,790	2,155	2,630	20.8	19.4	22.0
25 to 44 years	9,310	4,440	4,865	40.4	40.1	40.7
45 years and over	1,330	620	710	5.8	5.6	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	23,050	11,085	11,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,510	2,045	2,470	19.6	18.4	20.7
Brazil	220	110	115	1.0	1.0	1.0
Colombia	330	165	165	1.4	1.5	1.4
El Salvador	320	155	160	1.4	1.4	1.3
Guyana	360	155	205	1.6	1.4	1.7
Haiti	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	765	345	415	3.3	3.1	3.5
Mexico	200	90	110	0.9	0.8	0.9
Peru	110	50	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	300	140	155	1.3	1.3	1.3
United States of America	640	255	385	2.8	2.3	3.2
Other places of birth in Americas	1,260	565	690	5.5	5.1	5.8
Europe	10,060	4,910	5,150	43.6	44.3	43.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Croatia	75	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
France	105	30	75	0.5	0.3	0.6
Germany	580	215	365	2.5	1.9	3.1
Greece	125	60	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hungary	225	100	130	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italy	1,080	595	485	4.7	5.4	4.1
Netherlands	385	190	200	1.7	1.7	1.7
Poland	780	390	385	3.4	3.5	3.2
Portugal	1,025	560	465	4.4	5.1	3.9
Romania	205	100	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian Federation	890	415	470	3.9	3.7	3.9
Serbia⁸⁶	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Ukraine	620	295	325	2.7	2.7	2.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,615	1,250	1,360	11.3	11.3	11.4
Other places of birth in Europe	1,220	590	625	5.3	5.3	5.2
Africa	1,310	690	620	5.7	6.2	5.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Egypt	110	70	40	0.5	0.6	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	440	230	215	1.9	2.1	1.8
Somalia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	170	90	80	0.7	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	450	245	200	2.0	2.2	1.7
Asia	7,070	3,385	3,680	30.7	30.5	30.8
Afghanistan	180	85	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	520	285	240	2.3	2.6	2.0
Iraq	180	85	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanon	110	60	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	100	55	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Turkey	210	125	85	0.9	1.1	0.7
China⁹⁰	845	385	460	3.7	3.5	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	85	55	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	365	160	205	1.6	1.4	1.7
Taiwan	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	1,060	355	705	4.6	3.2	5.9
Viet Nam	365	160	205	1.6	1.4	1.7
Bangladesh	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	945	505	440	4.1	4.6	3.7
Pakistan	570	315	255	2.5	2.8	2.1
Sri Lanka	320	170	155	1.4	1.5	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	1,110	545	560	4.8	4.9	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100	60	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,515	1,265	1,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	400	165	235	15.9	13.0	18.8
Brazil	55	25	25	2.2	2.0	2.0
Colombia	30	10	25	1.2	0.8	2.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	20	25	1.8	1.6	2.0
Mexico	30	0	25	1.2	0.0	2.0
United States of America	125	55	70	5.0	4.3	5.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	90	40	55	3.6	3.2	4.4
Europe	505	270	235	20.1	21.3	18.8
France	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	20	0	1.0	1.6	0.0
Russian Federation	120	50	65	4.8	4.0	5.2
Ukraine	135	65	70	5.4	5.1	5.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	45	30	3.0	3.6	2.4
Other places of birth in Europe	140	80	60	5.6	6.3	4.8
Africa	285	160	125	11.3	12.6	10.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	1.0	1.2	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	180	95	85	7.2	7.5	6.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	30	10	1.6	2.4	0.8
Asia	1,315	650	660	52.3	51.4	52.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	25	45	2.8	2.0	3.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	410	235	175	16.3	18.6	14.0
Iran⁸⁸	70	35	30	2.8	2.8	2.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	55	30	20	2.2	2.4	1.6
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	25	15	15	1.0	1.2	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	50	20	35	2.0	1.6	2.8
Lebanon	20	15	10	0.8	1.2	0.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	120	50	70	4.8	4.0	5.6
Philippines	185	80	105	7.4	6.3	8.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	35	20	10	1.4	1.6	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	20	1.8	2.0	1.6
Turkey	90	60	30	3.6	4.7	2.4
United Arab Emirates	25	15	10	1.0	1.2	0.8
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	85	35	50	3.4	2.8	4.0
Oceania and other⁹³	25	25	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Australia	25	25	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	119,275	59,165	60,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	25,070	12,080	12,985	21.0	20.4	21.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	27,880	14,040	13,845	23.4	23.7	23.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	66,325	33,050	33,275	55.6	55.9	55.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	16,830	8,175	8,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,915	3,975	3,940	47.0	48.6	45.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,015	1,790	1,220	17.9	21.9	14.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,900	2,180	2,715	29.1	26.7	31.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,750	2,490	3,265	34.2	30.5	37.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,880	1,575	1,305	17.1	19.3	15.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	280	135	145	1.7	1.7	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	16,830	8,175	8,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,625	955	665	9.7	11.7	7.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,920	845	1,075	11.4	10.3	12.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	325	145	180	1.9	1.8	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	810	410	405	4.8	5.0	4.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	0	55	0.4	0.0	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,090	5,820	6,270	71.8	71.2	72.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	119,275	59,170	60,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	20,175	9,985	10,190	16.9	16.9	17.0
South Asian	4,090	2,155	1,940	3.4	3.6	3.2
Chinese	1,770	775	995	1.5	1.3	1.7
Black	4,655	2,355	2,300	3.9	4.0	3.8
Filipino	1,520	570	950	1.3	1.0	1.6
Arab	600	370	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
Latin American	2,995	1,440	1,555	2.5	2.4	2.6
Southeast Asian	890	445	445	0.7	0.8	0.7
West Asian	1,130	595	535	0.9	1.0	0.9
Korean	685	300	385	0.6	0.5	0.6
Japanese	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	895	475	420	0.8	0.8	0.7
Multiple visible minorities	810	430	380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	99,095	49,180	49,920	83.1	83.1	83.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	119,275	59,165	60,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,460	10,455	10,005	17.2	17.7	16.6
English	28,660	14,230	14,435	24.0	24.1	24.0
Irish	23,145	10,970	12,175	19.4	18.5	20.3
Scottish	22,515	10,700	11,815	18.9	18.1	19.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,760	4,055	4,705	7.3	6.9	7.8
German	10,530	4,895	5,635	8.8	8.3	9.4
Chinese	1,850	870	975	1.6	1.5	1.6
Italian	10,820	5,640	5,180	9.1	9.5	8.6
Indian (India)	2,125	1,060	1,065	1.8	1.8	1.8
Ukrainian	3,490	1,605	1,890	2.9	2.7	3.1
Dutch	4,565	2,245	2,325	3.8	3.8	3.9
Polish	4,935	2,400	2,535	4.1	4.1	4.2
Québécois	250	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,460	2,695	2,765	4.6	4.6	4.6
Filipino	1,590	620	975	1.3	1.0	1.6
French Canadian	1,570	705	865	1.3	1.2	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,490	1,235	1,250	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,440	730	710	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis	1,350	570	775	1.1	1.0	1.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,770	865	905	1.5	1.5	1.5
Russian	2,590	1,255	1,340	2.2	2.1	2.2
Norwegian	570	305	265	0.5	0.5	0.4
Welsh	2,210	1,090	1,120	1.9	1.8	1.9
Portuguese	4,205	2,230	1,970	3.5	3.8	3.3
American	1,105	495	615	0.9	0.8	1.0
Spanish	1,815	855	955	1.5	1.4	1.6
Swedish	590	245	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hungarian	1,520	660	855	1.3	1.1	1.4
Acadian	320	185	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pakistani	815	450	365	0.7	0.8	0.6
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	925	450	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	1,065	505	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Punjabi	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	545	295	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	260	160	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	1,135	520	615	1.0	0.9	1.0
Jamaican	1,850	965	890	1.6	1.6	1.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	465	210	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	680	295	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	675	275	395	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanese	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	565	320	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	645	310	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Danish	775	355	420	0.6	0.6	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	565	270	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	720	390	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belgian	280	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	405	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	275	155	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	940	470	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sri Lankan	345	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatian	465	200	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japanese	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	375	205	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	305	180	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	250	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	435	190	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tamil	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombian	400	195	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	405	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	630	305	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afghan	385	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	270	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	485	225	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Newfoundlander	555	270	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hong Konger	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	720	375	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Persian	285	160	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	420	220	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Turkish	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	360	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	455	245	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Armenian	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	245	140	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	380	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	185	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	155	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	480	255	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lithuanian	295	130	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
South African	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australian	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	165	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	595	235	360	0.5	0.4	0.6
Macedonian	375	205	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovenian	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	110	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	330	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mohawk	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Barbadian	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
African American	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	165	110	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cuban	245	145	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	265	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bengali	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Franco Ontarian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	310	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Estonian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	105	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Igbo	85	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	65	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Honduran	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	45	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	119,275	59,170	60,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	595	250	345	0.5	0.4	0.6
Christian	66,065	31,140	34,920	55.4	52.6	58.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,970	4,725	5,245	8.4	8.0	8.7
Anabaptist	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anglican	5,455	2,435	3,020	4.6	4.1	5.0
Baptist	1,745	820	920	1.5	1.4	1.5
Catholic	31,690	15,305	16,390	26.6	25.9	27.3
Christian Orthodox	2,295	1,120	1,175	1.9	1.9	2.0
Jehovah's Witness	850	390	460	0.7	0.7	0.8
Latter Day Saints	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	865	380	490	0.7	0.6	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,850	815	1,040	1.6	1.4	1.7
Presbyterian	2,135	1,005	1,130	1.8	1.7	1.9
Reformed	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	5,455	2,395	3,065	4.6	4.0	5.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,950	1,360	1,590	2.5	2.3	2.6
Hindu	1,430	705	720	1.2	1.2	1.2
Jewish	1,360	695	670	1.1	1.2	1.1
Muslim	2,935	1,560	1,375	2.5	2.6	2.3
Sikh	470	255	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	670	270	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	45,675	24,255	21,420	38.3	41.0	35.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	118,115	58,610	59,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,770	50,495	51,270	86.2	86.2	86.2
Movers	16,350	8,120	8,230	13.8	13.9	13.8
Non-migrants	6,505	3,260	3,245	5.5	5.6	5.5
Migrants	9,845	4,855	4,990	8.3	8.3	8.4
Internal migrants	9,490	4,680	4,810	8.0	8.0	8.1
Intraprovincial migrants	9,180	4,525	4,660	7.8	7.7	7.8
Interprovincial migrants	310	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	350	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	112,885	55,850	57,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,560	31,965	32,595	57.2	57.2	57.1
Movers	48,320	23,885	24,440	42.8	42.8	42.9
Non-migrants	14,445	7,140	7,305	12.8	12.8	12.8
Migrants	33,875	16,740	17,130	30.0	30.0	30.0
Internal migrants	31,115	15,385	15,730	27.6	27.5	27.6
Intraprovincial migrants	29,720	14,655	15,065	26.3	26.2	26.4
Interprovincial migrants	1,405	740	665	1.2	1.3	1.2
External migrants	2,760	1,355	1,405	2.4	2.4	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,445	47,845	49,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,630	9,750	7,885	18.1	20.4	15.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	79,805	38,090	41,720	81.9	79.6	84.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,725	32,315	33,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,310	4,380	2,930	11.1	13.6	8.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,420	27,940	30,480	88.9	86.5	91.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,440	47,840	49,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,840	8,520	7,325	16.3	17.8	14.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,630	15,425	15,205	31.4	32.2	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,970	23,900	27,075	52.3	50.0	54.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,150	16,170	15,980	33.0	33.8	32.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,090	4,730	1,360	6.3	9.9	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,820	1,905	920	2.9	4.0	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,265	2,825	440	3.4	5.9	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,030	10,570	13,450	24.7	22.1	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,035	865	1,170	2.1	1.8	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,820	7,725	11,090	19.3	16.1	22.4
Bachelor's degree	13,525	5,360	8,165	13.9	11.2	16.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,325	520	805	1.4	1.1	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440	225	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	3,170	1,400	1,770	3.3	2.9	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	220	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,730	32,315	33,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,175	3,655	2,515	9.4	11.3	7.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,560	9,720	8,845	28.2	30.1	26.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,995	18,940	22,050	62.4	58.6	66.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,315	12,675	12,645	38.5	39.2	37.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,430	3,385	1,050	6.7	10.5	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,015	1,315	700	3.1	4.1	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,415	2,065	350	3.7	6.4	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,385	8,615	10,770	29.5	26.7	32.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,505	680	825	2.3	2.1	2.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,675	6,270	9,410	23.8	19.4	28.2
Bachelor's degree	11,175	4,380	6,790	17.0	13.6	20.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,110	420	685	1.7	1.3	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	385	180	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	2,740	1,120	1,620	4.2	3.5	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	165	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,440	47,840	49,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,470	23,945	22,530	47.7	50.1	45.4
Education	2,705	610	2,100	2.8	1.3	4.2
13. Education	2,705	610	2,100	2.8	1.3	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,740	680	1,060	1.8	1.4	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	185	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,530	495	1,035	1.6	1.0	2.1
Humanities	2,260	820	1,435	2.3	1.7	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	35	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	590	140	450	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	580	205	385	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	130	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	350	185	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,940	1,830	5,110	7.1	3.8	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	730	250	480	0.7	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,455	100	1,355	1.5	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,215	280	935	1.2	0.6	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	200	40	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,160	245	910	1.2	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	2,110	910	1,200	2.2	1.9	2.4
Business, management and public administration	10,280	4,015	6,270	10.6	8.4	12.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	990	130	855	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,275	3,875	5,395	9.5	8.1	10.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,405	555	850	1.4	1.2	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	585	180	405	0.6	0.4	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	140	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	355	220	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,970	1,390	580	2.0	2.9	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,660	1,260	400	1.7	2.6	0.8
25. Library science	80	0	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,475	9,675	800	10.8	20.2	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	385	275	115	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	1,605	1,295	305	1.6	2.7	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,610	2,365	245	2.7	4.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,355	2,335	20	2.4	4.9	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,260	2,220	40	2.3	4.6	0.1
48. Precision production	1,255	1,185	75	1.3	2.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	950	420	525	1.0	0.9	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	605	245	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	345	175	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	8,005	1,525	6,480	8.2	3.2	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	925	465	455	0.9	1.0	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,945	985	5,960	7.1	2.1	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,215	2,350	1,865	4.3	4.9	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,795	470	1,330	1.8	1.0	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,700	1,250	445	1.7	2.6	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	685	610	75	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,725	32,315	33,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,735	13,370	11,360	37.6	41.4	34.0
Education	2,120	455	1,665	3.2	1.4	5.0
13. Education	2,120	455	1,665	3.2	1.4	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,345	515	830	2.0	1.6	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	120	15	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,210	395	815	1.8	1.2	2.4
Humanities	1,725	580	1,145	2.6	1.8	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	20	125	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	450	100	350	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	155	320	0.7	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
54. History	260	145	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,780	1,445	4,335	8.8	4.5	13.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	630	215	415	1.0	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,220	75	1,145	1.9	0.2	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,080	245	840	1.6	0.8	2.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	170	40	130	0.3	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	940	175	765	1.4	0.5	2.3
45. Social sciences	1,695	695	995	2.6	2.2	3.0
Business, management and public administration	8,530	3,260	5,270	13.0	10.1	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	820	110	715	1.2	0.3	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,695	3,145	4,550	11.7	9.7	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,065	465	600	1.6	1.4	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	435	155	280	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	95	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	295	190	105	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,740	1,250	485	2.6	3.9	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,485	1,145	345	2.3	3.5	1.0
25. Library science	65	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,035	7,385	650	12.2	22.9	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	305	215	90	0.5	0.7	0.3
14. Engineering	1,260	995	260	1.9	3.1	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,065	1,875	190	3.1	5.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,745	1,735	10	2.7	5.4	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,715	1,675	40	2.6	5.2	0.1
48. Precision production	935	880	55	1.4	2.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	715	325	395	1.1	1.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	450	195	255	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	125	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Health and related fields	6,420	1,300	5,125	9.8	4.0	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	810	425	385	1.2	1.3	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,490	810	4,680	8.4	2.5	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,495	1,965	1,530	5.3	6.1	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,470	380	1,085	2.2	1.2	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,460	1,085	375	2.2	3.4	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	545	485	60	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	65,725	32,315	33,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,735	13,370	11,360	37.6	41.4	34.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,995	18,945	22,050	62.4	58.6	66.0
Location of study inside Canada	34,785	16,045	18,745	52.9	49.7	56.1
Same as province or territory of residence	33,000	15,135	17,860	50.2	46.8	53.5
Different than province or territory of residence	1,795	910	885	2.7	2.8	2.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,205	2,900	3,305	9.4	9.0	9.9
Americas	1,460	660	795	2.2	2.0	2.4
United States of America	805	380	425	1.2	1.2	1.3
Mexico	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	115	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,905	930	970	2.9	2.9	2.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romania	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	405	195	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukraine	260	110	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	505	275	230	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	235	110	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Africa	350	190	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nigeria	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	2,370	1,055	1,315	3.6	3.3	3.9
Iran⁸⁸	155	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iraq	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israel	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	365	165	195	0.6	0.5	0.6
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	410	115	295	0.6	0.4	0.9
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
India	555	315	245	0.8	1.0	0.7
Pakistan	175	75	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	205	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,440	47,840	49,600	...	...	...
In the labour force	65,770	34,375	31,400	...	...	...
Employed	57,950	30,895	27,055	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,820	3,480	4,345	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,675	13,470	18,200	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.5	71.9	63.3	67.5	71.9	63.3
Employment rate	59.5	64.6	54.5	59.5	64.6	54.5
Unemployment rate	11.9	10.1	13.8	11.9	10.1	13.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,440	47,840	49,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,965	13,740	18,225	32.8	28.7	36.7
Worked	65,480	34,100	31,380	67.2	71.3	63.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,920	20,595	15,325	36.9	43.0	30.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,560	13,510	16,055	30.3	28.2	32.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.5	40.2	41.4	42.5	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,770	34,370	31,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,525	680	845	2.3	2.0	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	64,245	33,695	30,560	97.7	98.0	97.3
Employee	54,710	27,810	26,900	83.2	80.9	85.7
Permanent position	47,530	24,410	23,120	72.3	71.0	73.6
Temporary position	7,180	3,400	3,780	10.9	9.9	12.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,990	855	1,135	3.0	2.5	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,190	2,545	2,645	7.9	7.4	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,540	5,880	3,655	14.5	17.1	11.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,770	34,370	31,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,525	680	845	2.3	2.0	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	64,245	33,695	30,560	97.7	98.0	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	615	435	175	0.9	1.3	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,220	2,820	7,400	15.5	8.2	23.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,315	3,325	985	6.6	9.7	3.1
3 Health occupations	4,760	750	4,010	7.2	2.2	12.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,400	2,515	4,885	11.3	7.3	15.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,520	610	915	2.3	1.8	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	16,665	6,965	9,695	25.3	20.3	30.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,965	12,810	1,160	21.2	37.3	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,010	760	255	1.5	2.2	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,785	2,700	1,090	5.8	7.9	3.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,770	34,370	31,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,525	680	845	2.3	2.0	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	64,245	33,695	30,560	97.7	98.0	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	465	270	195	0.7	0.8	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120	110	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	595	460	135	0.9	1.3	0.4
23 Construction	7,455	6,440	1,020	11.3	18.7	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	7,005	5,030	1,980	10.7	14.6	6.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,445	1,650	800	3.7	4.8	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	8,075	3,745	4,325	12.3	10.9	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,680	2,655	1,025	5.6	7.7	3.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,090	705	380	1.7	2.1	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	2,190	870	1,325	3.3	2.5	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,315	660	660	2.0	1.9	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,015	2,020	2,000	6.1	5.9	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	210	85	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,035	1,650	1,385	4.6	4.8	4.4
61 Educational services	4,245	1,170	3,080	6.5	3.4	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	7,640	1,145	6,495	11.6	3.3	20.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,125	540	585	1.7	1.6	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,415	1,285	2,135	5.2	3.7	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,590	1,290	1,300	3.9	3.8	4.1
91 Public administration	3,535	1,935	1,605	5.4	5.6	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	70,085	36,310	33,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	67,540	35,135	32,400	96.4	96.8	95.9
French	175	35	140	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	225	105	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	225	105	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	835	340	490	1.2	0.9	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,275	685	595	1.8	1.9	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	70,085	36,310	33,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,750	36,165	33,585	99.5	99.6	99.4
Official languages	69,300	35,960	33,340	98.9	99.0	98.7
English	69,010	35,915	33,095	98.5	98.9	98.0
French	290	45	240	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official languages	450	205	240	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	445	205	235	0.6	0.6	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	260	125	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	335	145	195	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and French	155	50	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	175	95	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	70,085	36,310	33,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	68,230	35,395	32,825	97.4	97.5	97.2
English	330	115	220	0.5	0.3	0.7
French	580	285	290	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	835	455	375	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	825	450	375	1.2	1.2	1.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,950	30,895	27,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,085	5,585	7,500	22.6	18.1	27.7
Worked outside Canada	160	130	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,890	7,025	1,870	15.3	22.7	6.9
Usual place of work	35,810	18,155	17,655	61.8	58.8	65.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,810	18,150	17,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,700	6,860	9,840	46.6	37.8	55.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,955	4,675	4,280	25.0	25.8	24.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,065	6,560	3,505	28.1	36.1	19.9
Commute to a different province or territory	90	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,705	25,180	19,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,865	23,920	17,950	93.6	95.0	91.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	38,555	22,430	16,120	86.2	89.1	82.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,310	1,485	1,830	7.4	5.9	9.4
Public transit	865	345	520	1.9	1.4	2.7
Walked	925	390	535	2.1	1.5	2.7
Bicycle	145	100	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other method	905	420	485	2.0	1.7	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,705	25,180	19,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,135	5,465	6,675	27.1	21.7	34.2
15 to 29 minutes	11,610	5,325	6,285	26.0	21.1	32.2
30 to 44 minutes	6,705	3,995	2,705	15.0	15.9	13.9
45 to 59 minutes	5,465	3,680	1,780	12.2	14.6	9.1
60 minutes and over	8,790	6,705	2,085	19.7	26.6	10.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,705	25,180	19,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,560	4,480	1,075	12.4	17.8	5.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,870	5,045	2,825	17.6	20.0	14.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,125	5,255	4,870	22.6	20.9	24.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,070	3,390	4,680	18.1	13.5	24.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,000	2,125	2,880	11.2	8.4	14.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,085	4,885	3,195	18.1	19.4	16.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	27,355	14,205	13,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,315	1,205	1,105	8.5	8.5	8.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,050	13,000	12,045	91.6	91.5	91.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,455	10,595	9,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,830	935	890	8.9	8.8	9.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	995	490	510	4.9	4.6	5.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	830	450	385	4.1	4.2	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,625	9,660	8,965	91.1	91.2	90.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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