Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	ManitobaMore information: [Province] Remove	Dauphin, City (CY)More information: Manitoba [Census subdivision] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,342,153	8,368
Population, 2016¹	1,278,365	8,369^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.0	0.0
Total private dwellings²	571,528	4,048
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	518,054	3,779
Population density per square kilometre	2.5	660.5
Land area in square kilometres	540,310.19	12.67
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,342,150	8,365
0 to 14 years	252,935	1,585
0 to 4 years	80,435	515
5 to 9 years	86,250	515
10 to 14 years	86,250	555
15 to 64 years	860,165	4,815
15 to 19 years	80,905	480
20 to 24 years	91,415	530
25 to 29 years	90,470	520
30 to 34 years	91,805	505
35 to 39 years	90,150	455
40 to 44 years	84,530	475
45 to 49 years	80,235	425
50 to 54 years	78,210	440
55 to 59 years	87,295	475
60 to 64 years	85,155	515
65 years and over	229,050	1,970
65 to 69 years	73,060	480
70 to 74 years	59,955	445
75 to 79 years	39,885	385
80 to 84 years	26,890	295
85 years and over	29,255	370
85 to 89 years	17,200	215
90 to 94 years	8,970	110
95 to 99 years	2,640	40
100 years and over	445	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	18.9
15 to 64 years	64.1	57.6
65 years and over	17.1	23.6
85 years and over	2.2	4.4
Average age of the population	39.7	42.4
Median age of the population	38.4	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	518,055	3,780
Single-detached house	343,990	2,765
Semi-detached house	18,185	65
Row house	19,725	155
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,445	65
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	74,865	445
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	43,665	55
Other single-attached house	600	0
Movable dwelling⁴	9,590	230
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	518,055	3,775
1 person	146,225	1,465
2 persons	173,990	1,260
3 persons	74,615	430
4 persons	69,480	380
5 or more persons	53,740	245
Number of persons in private households	1,307,185	8,135
Average household size	2.5	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,089,215	6,785
Married or living common-law	616,260	3,375
Married	515,480	2,685
Living common-law	100,785	690
Living common law - Never married	75,340	535
Living common law - Separated	4,135	25
Living common law - Divorced	19,035	120
Living common law - Widowed	2,275	10
Not married and not living common-law	472,955	3,410
Not married and not living common law - Never married	330,855	2,100
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,470	180
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	57,440	495
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	60,190	640
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	359,585	2,195
2 persons	179,345	1,245
3 persons	73,610	395
4 persons	67,475	365
5 or more persons	39,150	190
Average size of census families	3.0	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	359,585	2,195
Total couple families	298,295	1,630
Married couples	247,900	1,285
With children⁶	133,760	555
Without children	114,140	730
Common-law couples	50,390	345
With children⁶	20,505	155
Without children	29,885	190
Total one-parent families	61,295	570
in which the parent is a woman+	46,900	470
in which the parent is a man+	14,390	90
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,307,185	8,135
Total - Persons in census families	1,067,425	6,170
Married spouses or common-law partners	596,590	3,255
Parents in one-parent families	61,290	565
Children⁶	409,545	2,340
In a two-parent family	306,475	1,370
In a one-parent family	103,070	975
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	239,765	1,970
Living alone	146,225	1,470
Living with other relatives⁷	42,720	215
Living with non-relatives only	50,815	285
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	518,050	3,780
One-census-family households without additional persons	313,500	2,010
Couple-family households	268,430	1,525
With children⁶	137,200	655
Without children	131,230	870
One-parent-family households	45,070	485
Multigenerational households⁸	14,025	50
Multiple-census-family households⁹	2,815	10
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	17,525	95
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	23,950	150
One-person households	146,225	1,470
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,058,435	6,555
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,023,160	6,405
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,023,830	6,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	906,495	5,620
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	743,325	4,335
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	934,305	5,940
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,950	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	113,175	635
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	254,050	1,455
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,058,410	6,555
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,024,110	6,425
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240	45,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,024,740	6,425
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,640	37,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	907,455	5,540
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,240	39,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	743,345	4,335
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,400	40,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	935,570	5,970
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,040	12,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	112,945	570
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,470	6,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	252,860	1,410
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710	9,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,058,410	6,555
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	366,740	2,020
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900	58,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	285,105	1,725
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,440	26,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	60.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.6	25.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,058,435	6,555
Without total income	35,275	155
With total income	1,023,160	6,400
Under $10,000 (including loss)	101,540	495
$10,000 to $19,999	118,240	795
$20,000 to $29,999	161,905	1,275
$30,000 to $39,999	138,225	930
$40,000 to $49,999	124,755	840
$50,000 to $59,999	97,815	610
$60,000 to $69,999	72,980	440
$70,000 to $79,999	53,950	260
$80,000 to $89,999	41,095	245
$90,000 to $99,999	32,150	150
$100,000 and over	80,510	360
$100,000 to $149,999	57,310	265
$150,000 and over	23,195	95
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,058,435	6,555
Without after-tax income	34,600	155
With after-tax income	1,023,835	6,405
Under $10,000 (including loss)	106,400	530
$10,000 to $19,999	127,940	835
$20,000 to $29,999	191,015	1,490
$30,000 to $39,999	168,620	1,145
$40,000 to $49,999	139,790	880
$50,000 to $59,999	99,005	575
$60,000 to $69,999	66,805	380
$70,000 to $79,999	47,350	250
$80,000 to $89,999	27,130	135
$90,000 to $99,999	16,220	65
$100,000 and over	33,560	135
$100,000 to $124,999	17,675	60
$125,000 and over	15,885	75
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,058,435	6,555
Without employment income	315,110	2,215
With employment income	743,325	4,335
Under $5,000 (including loss)	96,985	590
$5,000 to $9,999	59,860	415
$10,000 to $19,999	92,505	530
$20,000 to $29,999	78,855	550
$30,000 to $39,999	77,580	520
$40,000 to $49,999	73,795	455
$50,000 to $59,999	59,960	310
$60,000 to $69,999	48,125	250
$70,000 to $79,999	37,685	165
$80,000 to $89,999	31,730	180
$90,000 to $99,999	25,570	120
$100,000 and over	60,675	260
$100,000 to $124,999	31,425	145
$125,000 and over	29,245	115
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,058,435	6,555
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	989,280	6,270
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	989,625	6,270
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	891,950	5,565
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	744,025	4,395
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	859,170	5,560
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,840	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	81,860	560
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,058,410	6,555
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	989,725	6,290
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	42,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	990,055	6,290
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,720	35,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	892,090	5,505
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,480	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	743,680	4,370
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,360	40,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	859,470	5,570
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	9,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,490	570
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,410	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,058,410	6,555
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	363,910	2,000
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,150	55,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	266,100	1,625
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,560	30,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	80.2
Employment income (%)	72.2	65.8
Government transfers (%)	13.2	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	518,055	3,775
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	60,800
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	54,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	146,225	1,470
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	34,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	31,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	371,825	2,310
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	83,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	73,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	518,055	3,775
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,300	76,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,400	64,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	146,310	1,470
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,040	41,280
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,480	35,280
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	371,745	2,310
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	99,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,800	82,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	518,055	3,775
Under $5,000	6,290	35
$5,000 to $9,999	4,145	45
$10,000 to $14,999	7,680	90
$15,000 to $19,999	7,990	75
$20,000 to $24,999	20,100	255
$25,000 to $29,999	18,985	230
$30,000 to $34,999	17,510	175
$35,000 to $39,999	19,860	200
$40,000 to $44,999	21,215	220
$45,000 to $49,999	20,700	190
$50,000 to $59,999	40,360	355
$60,000 to $69,999	38,830	315
$70,000 to $79,999	36,685	275
$80,000 to $89,999	33,840	235
$90,000 to $99,999	31,625	190
$100,000 and over	192,235	890
$100,000 to $124,999	62,870	325
$125,000 to $149,999	43,940	220
$150,000 to $199,999	49,315	205
$200,000 and over	36,110	135
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	518,055	3,775
Under $5,000	7,035	45
$5,000 to $9,999	4,245	45
$10,000 to $14,999	7,915	90
$15,000 to $19,999	8,810	80
$20,000 to $24,999	22,210	265
$25,000 to $29,999	22,280	275
$30,000 to $34,999	21,475	225
$35,000 to $39,999	24,610	240
$40,000 to $44,999	25,320	235
$45,000 to $49,999	24,380	220
$50,000 to $59,999	48,190	410
$60,000 to $69,999	45,970	350
$70,000 to $79,999	43,145	290
$80,000 to $89,999	38,145	205
$90,000 to $99,999	32,835	185
$100,000 and over	141,500	620
$100,000 to $124,999	59,905	300
$125,000 to $149,999	36,195	150
$150,000 and over	45,400	175
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	356,215	2,215
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	83,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	72,500
Average family size of economic families	3.1	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	133,590	885
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	77,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	69,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	155,030	710
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	116,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	98,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	54,645	545
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	57,600
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	54,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	197,045	1,755
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	30,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	356,080	2,205
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,200	99,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,700	83,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	133,300	890
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,600	95,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,600	79,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	155,485	705
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	133,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,400	106,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	54,305	555
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	66,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,300	59,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	197,160	1,755
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,880	39,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	34,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,307,190	8,135
0 to 17 years	296,575	1,875
0 to 5 years	95,900	635
18 to 64 years	796,825	4,470
65 years and over	213,785	1,795
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	185,145	1,465
0 to 17 years	57,935	425
0 to 5 years	21,125	195
18 to 64 years	96,515	655
65 years and over	30,695	385
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	18.0
0 to 17 years (%)	19.5	22.5
0 to 5 years (%)	22.0	30.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1	14.6
65 years and over (%)	14.4	21.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,244,390	8,135
0 to 17 years	270,600	1,875
0 to 5 years	87,120	635
18 to 64 years	763,600	4,470
65 years and over	210,200	1,790
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	78,315	370
0 to 17 years	18,130	60
0 to 5 years	6,445	30
18 to 64 years	53,920	275
65 years and over	6,265	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.3	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1	6.2
65 years and over (%)	3.0	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,307,190	8,135
In bottom half of the distribution	752,545	5,520
In bottom decile	163,795	1,265
In second decile	157,385	1,335
In third decile	150,155	1,140
In fourth decile	143,855	900
In fifth decile	137,355	885
In top half of the distribution	554,645	2,615
In sixth decile	132,600	735
In seventh decile	125,730	625
In eighth decile	117,230	560
In ninth decile	101,140	405
In top decile	77,940	290
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,307,185	8,135
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.333	0.324
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	0.488
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.290	0.279
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	3.5
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,326,815	8,200
English only	1,197,535	7,690
French only	1,680	5
English and French	110,435	490
Neither English nor French	17,160	25
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,326,815	8,200
English	1,269,710	8,070
French	36,195	105
English and French	4,365	10
Neither English nor French	16,555	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,326,815	8,200
Single responses	1,268,595	7,970
Official languages	971,850	7,135
English	935,110	7,015
French	36,740	120
Non-official languages	296,745	830
Indigenous languages³⁹	18,885	55
Algonquian languages	17,565	50
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	8,510	10
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	8,510	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	40	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	1,280	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	95	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	100	0
Cree, n.o.s.	6,995	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	9,045	40
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	5,020	0
Ojibway languages	4,020	40
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	115	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	1,000	20
Ojibway, n.o.s.	2,905	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	700	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	695	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	690	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	5	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	145	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	145	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	95	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	370	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	360	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0
Non-Indigenous languages	277,865	775
Afro-Asiatic languages	14,095	20
Berber languages	90	0
Kabyle	70	0
Tamazight	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Chadic languages	80	0
Hausa	70	0
Mina	10	0
Coptic	90	0
Cushitic languages	1,885	0
Bilen	275	0
Oromo	330	0
Somali	1,265	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Semitic languages	11,945	25
Amharic	2,000	0
Arabic	6,470	20
Aramaic languages	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	5	0
Hebrew	540	0
Maltese	20	0
Tigrigna	2,875	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,980	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	255	0
Vietnamese	4,710	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	20	0
Austronesian languages	56,125	125
Bikol	170	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	565	0
Cebuano	1,150	10
Fijian	45	0
Hiligaynon	460	10
Ilocano	1,515	0
Indonesian	150	0
Kankanaey	20	0
Kinaray-a	40	0
Malagasy languages	10	0
Merina	5	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0
Malay	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,000	0
Pangasinan	190	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50,540	100
Waray-Waray	95	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	175	0
Creole languages	540	0
Haitian Creole	70	0
Jamaican English Creole	25	0
Krio	155	0
Morisyen	110	0
Sango	30	0
Creole, n.o.s.	105	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Dravidian languages	2,295	40
Kannada	110	0
Malayalam	1,330	40
Tamil	530	0
Telugu	300	0
Tulu	10	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Georgian	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	166,785	540
Albanian	330	0
Armenian	60	0
Balto-Slavic languages	28,660	380
Baltic languages	130	0
Latvian	55	0
Lithuanian	70	0
Slavic languages	28,530	380
Belarusian	50	0
Bulgarian	150	0
Czech	500	0
Macedonian	135	0
Polish	5,300	5
Russian	9,095	20
Rusyn	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,265	5
Bosnian	620	0
Croatian	915	0
Serbian	690	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40	0
Slovak	335	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	215	0
Ukrainian	10,465	345
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Celtic languages	285	0
Irish	195	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	0
Welsh	60	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Germanic languages	60,445	50
Frisian	40	0
High German languages	40,700	30
German	40,280	30
Pennsylvania German	45	0
Swiss German	200	0
Yiddish	175	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	18,230	15
Afrikaans	525	5
Dutch	2,060	10
Low German, n.o.s.	2,845	0
Low Saxon	350	0
Plautdietsch	12,245	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	215	5
Scandinavian languages	700	0
Danish	200	0
Icelandic	265	0
Norwegian	105	0
Swedish	125	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	775	0
Greek	1,185	0
Indo-Iranian languages	53,135	95
Indo-Aryan languages	49,815	85
Assamese	5	0
Bengali	2,130	0
Gujarati	5,245	15
Hindi	3,390	10
Kacchi	20	0
Kashmiri	10	0
Konkani	35	0
Marathi	170	0
Nepali	730	0
Oriya languages	15	0
Odia	10	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	33,315	60
Rohingya	35	0
Sindhi	55	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	815	0
Urdu	3,805	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Iranian languages	3,310	5
Baluchi	10	0
Kurdish	880	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	270	0
Persian languages	2,135	0
Dari	585	0
Iranian Persian	1,360	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	195	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	22,675	15
Catalan	10	0
Italian	3,185	0
Portuguese	7,390	0
Romanian	545	0
Spanish	11,520	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	510	5
Korean	3,475	10
Mongolian	20	0
Niger-Congo languages	5,020	10
Akan (Twi)	205	0
Bamanankan	50	0
Edo	60	0
Éwé	35	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	70	0
Ga	20	0
Ganda	60	0
Gikuyu	30	0
Igbo	455	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	270	0
Lingala	70	0
Luba-Kasai	20	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	35	0
Ndebele	20	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	185	0
Shona	140	0
Soninke	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0
Swahili	1,010	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	90	0
Yoruba	1,675	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	500	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	405	0
Dinka	175	0
Nuer	25	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	180	0
African, n.o.s.	30	0
Sign languages	380	0
American Sign Language	350	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20,525	15
Chinese languages	19,940	15
Hakka	55	0
Mandarin	12,455	5
Min Dong	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	280	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	0
Yue (Cantonese)	6,795	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	260	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	565	0
Burmese	70	0
Kuki-Chin languages	45	0
Karenic languages	430	0
S'gaw Karen	390	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Tibetan	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,020	0
Lao	755	0
Thai	260	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Turkic languages	435	0
Azerbaijani	45	0
Kazakh	15	0
Turkish	295	0
Uyghur	10	0
Uzbek	35	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Uralic languages	1,175	5
Estonian	25	0
Finnish	195	0
Hungarian	960	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	75	0
Multiple responses	58,220	230
English and French	7,915	45
English and non-official language(s)	44,745	165
French and non-official language(s)	970	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	730	0
Multiple non-official languages	3,855	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,326,815	8,200
English	989,765	7,400
French	9,840	20
Non-official language	82,575	135
Indigenous³⁹	2,910	0
Non-Indigenous	79,660	135
English and French	21,790	65
English and non-official language(s)	208,480	545
French and non-official language(s)	860	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5,270	10
Multiple non-official languages	8,240	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,326,815	8,200
Single responses	1,272,180	8,075
Official languages	1,099,615	7,795
English	1,084,900	7,770
French	14,715	25
Non-official languages	172,570	285
Indigenous languages³⁹	7,625	0
Algonquian languages	7,015	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	3,385	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	3,385	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	280	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	20	0
Cree, n.o.s.	3,050	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	3,625	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	2,550	0
Ojibway languages	1,075	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	25	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	240	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	815	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	465	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	465	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	460	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	30	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	30	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	20	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	90	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	90	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	164,945	280
Afro-Asiatic languages	9,250	15
Berber languages	60	0
Kabyle	45	0
Tamazight	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0
Hausa	10	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	45	0
Cushitic languages	1,260	0
Bilen	225	0
Oromo	155	0
Somali	875	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	7,875	15
Amharic	1,135	0
Arabic	4,335	15
Aramaic languages	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0
Harari	5	0
Hebrew	375	0
Maltese	5	0
Tigrigna	2,005	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,565	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	115	0
Vietnamese	3,435	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	20	0
Austronesian languages	36,445	75
Bikol	65	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	300	0
Cebuano	655	10
Fijian	20	0
Hiligaynon	240	0
Ilocano	720	0
Indonesian	60	0
Kankanaey	5	0
Kinaray-a	15	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	625	0
Pangasinan	75	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	33,565	65
Waray-Waray	30	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	80	0
Creole languages	270	0
Haitian Creole	50	0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0
Krio	70	0
Morisyen	65	0
Sango	20	0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Dravidian languages	1,480	35
Kannada	45	0
Malayalam	900	35
Tamil	330	0
Telugu	190	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Georgian	5	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	91,465	130
Albanian	175	0
Armenian	30	0
Balto-Slavic languages	11,345	45
Baltic languages	15	0
Latvian	5	0
Lithuanian	10	0
Slavic languages	11,325	45
Belarusian	5	0
Bulgarian	70	0
Czech	110	0
Macedonian	85	0
Polish	1,775	0
Russian	5,895	15
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	955	5
Bosnian	295	0
Croatian	295	0
Serbian	355	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0
Slovak	50	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0
Ukrainian	2,350	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	215	0
Irish	195	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0
Welsh	15	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	24,050	5
Frisian	5	0
High German languages	18,665	5
German	18,585	5
Pennsylvania German	15	0
Swiss German	60	0
Yiddish	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	4,670	0
Afrikaans	260	0
Dutch	210	0
Low German, n.o.s.	1,115	0
Low Saxon	75	0
Plautdietsch	3,005	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0
Scandinavian languages	60	0
Danish	15	0
Icelandic	25	0
Norwegian	15	0
Swedish	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	640	0
Greek	475	0
Indo-Iranian languages	43,605	70
Indo-Aryan languages	41,260	65
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	1,340	0
Gujarati	4,205	10
Hindi	2,375	10
Kacchi	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	10	0
Marathi	85	0
Nepali	530	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	29,395	45
Rohingya	25	0
Sindhi	35	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	510	0
Urdu	2,705	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Iranian languages	2,335	0
Baluchi	5	0
Kurdish	700	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	185	0
Persian languages	1,445	0
Dari	380	0
Iranian Persian	935	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	125	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	11,555	5
Catalan	0	0
Italian	780	0
Portuguese	3,695	0
Romanian	180	0
Spanish	6,885	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Japanese	195	0
Korean	2,685	0
Mongolian	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,160	0
Akan (Twi)	105	0
Bamanankan	15	0
Edo	10	0
Éwé	10	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	5	0
Gikuyu	5	0
Igbo	160	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	135	0
Lingala	50	0
Luba-Kasai	10	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	5	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	105	0
Shona	25	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	580	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	70	0
Yoruba	700	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	175	0
Dinka	75	0
Nuer	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	0
African, n.o.s.	5	0
Sign languages	605	5
American Sign Language	520	5
Quebec Sign Language	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15,585	10
Chinese languages	15,135	10
Hakka	10	0
Mandarin	9,985	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	130	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	0
Yue (Cantonese)	4,795	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	155	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	450	0
Burmese	45	0
Kuki-Chin languages	30	0
Karenic languages	365	0
S'gaw Karen	330	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Tibetan	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages	555	0
Lao	440	0
Thai	115	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	200	0
Azerbaijani	10	0
Kazakh	5	0
Turkish	135	0
Uyghur	5	0
Uzbek	20	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Uralic languages	270	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	50	0
Hungarian	220	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Multiple responses	54,635	125
English and French	4,330	5
English and non-official language(s)	48,350	110
French and non-official language(s)	400	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	550	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,000	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,326,815	8,200
None	1,128,495	7,665
English	73,880	105
French	14,475	60
Non-official language	86,505	320
Indigenous³⁹	12,015	45
Non-Indigenous	74,485	275
English and French	750	0
English and non-official language(s)	12,370	25
French and non-official language(s)	2,360	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	0
Multiple non-official languages	7,810	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,307,185	8,135
Official languages	1,290,665	8,100
English	1,288,945	8,100
French	111,785	535
Non-official languages	380,140	1,185
Indigenous languages³⁹	34,405	130
Algonquian languages	32,200	125
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	16,120	15
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	16,115	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	90	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	2,330	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	295	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	195	0
Cree, n.o.s.	13,310	0
Innu (Montagnais)	35	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	0
Mi'kmaq	30	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	16,400	110
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	0
Oji-Cree	8,910	0
Ojibway languages	7,595	110
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	355	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	1,690	35
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5,695	75
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	850	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	835	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	835	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	230	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	230	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	10	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	305	0
Salish languages	10	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	900	0
Assiniboine	10	0
Dakota	885	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	0
Non-Indigenous languages	346,060	1,065
Afro-Asiatic languages	22,735	40
Berber languages	180	0
Kabyle	120	0
Tamazight	45	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Chadic languages	350	0
Hausa	335	0
Mina	20	0
Coptic	185	0
Cushitic languages	2,495	0
Bilen	380	0
Oromo	405	0
Somali	1,690	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	0
Semitic languages	20,430	40
Amharic	4,055	0
Arabic	10,275	0
Aramaic languages	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	3,800	0
Maltese	20	0
Tigrigna	4,475	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	260	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,645	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	380	0
Vietnamese	6,260	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	45	0
Austronesian languages	74,995	145
Bikol	250	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	960	20
Cebuano	2,045	30
Fijian	65	0
Hiligaynon	820	25
Ilocano	3,395	0
Indonesian	265	0
Kankanaey	35	0
Kinaray-a	30	0
Malagasy languages	15	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0
Malay	235	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,830	0
Pangasinan	335	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	73,440	135
Waray-Waray	265	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,240	15
Creole languages	1,580	0
Haitian Creole	220	0
Jamaican English Creole	115	0
Krio	395	0
Morisyen	235	0
Sango	50	0
Creole, n.o.s.	335	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	270	0
Dravidian languages	3,300	65
Kannada	335	0
Malayalam	1,740	65
Tamil	1,100	0
Telugu	595	0
Tulu	40	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Georgian	20	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	196,040	710
Albanian	495	0
Armenian	95	0
Balto-Slavic languages	36,420	480
Baltic languages	150	0
Latvian	90	0
Lithuanian	60	0
Slavic languages	36,340	480
Belarusian	95	0
Bulgarian	240	0
Czech	550	0
Macedonian	165	0
Polish	7,045	10
Russian	14,835	0
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,915	0
Bosnian	950	0
Croatian	1,500	0
Serbian	1,235	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	50	0
Slovak	425	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	315	0
Ukrainian	14,845	465
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Celtic languages	310	0
Irish	135	0
Scottish Gaelic	45	0
Welsh	125	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Germanic languages	61,790	90
Frisian	100	0
High German languages	42,555	70
German	41,980	70
Pennsylvania German	65	0
Swiss German	220	0
Yiddish	425	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	22,220	20
Afrikaans	1,000	0
Dutch	2,840	20
Low German, n.o.s.	3,275	0
Low Saxon	255	0
Plautdietsch	15,055	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	205	0
Scandinavian languages	1,220	10
Danish	300	0
Icelandic	390	0
Norwegian	335	10
Swedish	255	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	130	0
Greek	1,620	0
Indo-Iranian languages	66,340	110
Indo-Aryan languages	62,505	110
Assamese	25	0
Bengali	2,740	0
Gujarati	6,535	0
Hindi	26,980	70
Kacchi	30	0
Kashmiri	10	0
Konkani	130	0
Marathi	445	0
Nepali	805	0
Oriya languages	30	0
Odia	10	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	42,820	65
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	130	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,205	0
Urdu	6,800	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	200	0
Iranian languages	4,175	0
Baluchi	30	0
Kurdish	1,210	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	495	0
Persian languages	2,615	0
Dari	860	0
Iranian Persian	1,590	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	235	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Italic (Romance) languages	37,540	45
Catalan	35	0
Italian	5,230	10
Portuguese	9,590	20
Romanian	665	0
Spanish	23,435	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	80	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Japanese	1,505	0
Korean	4,330	20
Mongolian	45	0
Niger-Congo languages	14,260	35
Akan (Twi)	435	0
Bamanankan	180	0
Edo	255	0
Éwé	70	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	160	0
Ga	60	0
Ganda	190	0
Gikuyu	90	0
Igbo	1,680	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	475	0
Lingala	550	0
Luba-Kasai	70	0
Mòoré	25	0
Mwani	50	0
Ndebele	60	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	430	0
Shona	305	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	45	0
Swahili	3,005	0
Wojenaka	70	0
Wolof	335	0
Yoruba	6,075	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,790	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	550	0
Dinka	260	0
Nuer	30	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	265	0
African, n.o.s.	95	0
Sign languages	2,570	10
American Sign Language	2,370	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	260	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	23,835	25
Chinese languages	23,215	25
Hakka	70	0
Mandarin	16,765	20
Min Dong	15	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	490	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	0
Yue (Cantonese)	8,920	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	215	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	635	0
Burmese	165	0
Kuki-Chin languages	45	0
Karenic languages	415	0
S'gaw Karen	385	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	50	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,645	0
Lao	1,210	0
Thai	620	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Turkic languages	735	0
Azerbaijani	125	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	635	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Uralic languages	1,510	15
Estonian	40	0
Finnish	210	0
Hungarian	1,255	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,307,190	8,135
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	237,185	2,240
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	232,345	2,140
First Nations (North American Indian)	134,890	965
Métis	96,725	1,170
Inuk (Inuit)	725	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	2,935	55
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	1,905	45
Non-Indigenous identity	1,069,995	5,895
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,307,190	8,135
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	127,205	875
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,179,985	7,260
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	518,055	3,780
Owner	349,325	2,355
Renter	156,490	1,425
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	12,240	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	518,055	3,780
Condominium	41,700	130
Not condominium	476,355	3,645
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	518,055	3,780
No bedrooms	5,050	40
1 bedroom	67,100	465
2 bedrooms	129,795	1,090
3 bedrooms	184,620	1,210
4 or more bedrooms	131,485	980
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	518,055	3,780
1 to 4 rooms	151,270	1,035
5 rooms	88,535	560
6 rooms	81,220	630
7 rooms	64,300	400
8 or more rooms	132,725	1,150
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	518,055	3,780
One person or fewer per room	499,415	3,740
More than one person per room	18,640	40
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	518,055	3,780
Suitable	481,860	3,630
Not suitable	36,195	150
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	518,055	3,780
1960 or before	137,225	1,245
1961 to 1980	157,190	1,495
1981 to 1990	65,060	405
1991 to 2000	43,790	245
2001 to 2005	21,035	85
2006 to 2010	26,890	75
2011 to 2015	30,920	140
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	35,935	85
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	518,055	3,780
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	478,435	3,485
Major repairs needed	39,615	295
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	518,055	3,780
One-maintainer household	266,615	2,390
Two-maintainer household	229,405	1,310
Three-or-more-maintainer household	22,035	80
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	518,055	3,780
15 to 24 years	19,175	190
25 to 34 years	77,045	585
35 to 44 years	92,145	575
45 to 54 years	88,630	525
55 to 64 years	100,500	615
65 to 74 years	80,845	635
75 to 84 years	43,190	460
85 years and over	16,520	205
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	492,925	3,770
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	407,560	3,215
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	85,365	560
30% to less than 100%	75,790	520
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	518,055	3,780
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	145,805	905
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	74,850	480
Not suitable only	26,905	115
Major repairs needed only	28,995	220
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,435	20
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	5,770	55
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	4,540	20
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	310	0
Acceptable housing	372,245	2,875
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	483,350	3,735
In core need	48,810	125
Not in core need	434,535	3,605
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	338,920	2,350
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.1	51.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	5.3
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	0.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	620
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,225	821
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	304,000	174,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	338,800	189,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	155,090	1,430
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.0	25.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.5	29.9
% in core housing need⁶³	22.0	7.5
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	770
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,074	791
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,240	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	3.7	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	200	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	228	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,307,185	8,135
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	138,505	1,240
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	135,665	1,120
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	111,560	710
Métis single ancestry	23,765	410
Inuit single ancestry	335	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	2,840	120
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	2,740	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	55	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	50	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	100,900	925
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	96,245	875
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	38,520	265
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	57,175	600
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	545	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	4,660	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,495	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,067,785	5,970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,307,185	8,135
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,175,775	7,760
Canadian citizens aged under 18	275,095	1,855
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	900,680	5,910
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	131,410	375
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,307,185	8,135
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,015,280	7,495
Immigrants⁸¹	257,620	545
Before 1980	38,780	110
1980 to 1990	21,210	30
1991 to 2000	21,305	20
2001 to 2010	65,555	100
2011 to 2021⁸²	110,770	280
2011 to 2015	52,400	105
2016 to 2021	58,370	175
Non-permanent residents⁸³	34,290	100
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	257,620	545
Under 5 years	26,725	60
5 to 14 years	50,695	100
15 to 24 years	45,575	90
25 to 44 years	113,910	275
45 years and over	20,710	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	257,620	545
Americas	32,020	55
Brazil	1,810	0
Colombia	1,140	0
El Salvador	2,575	0
Guyana	1,190	0
Haiti	190	0
Jamaica	2,110	0
Mexico	5,845	0
Peru	250	0
Trinidad and Tobago	1,630	0
United States of America	6,705	45
Other places of birth in Americas	8,570	0
Europe	53,125	175
Bosnia and Herzegovina	940	0
Croatia	765	0
France	975	0
Germany	9,360	55
Greece	770	0
Hungary	625	10
Italy	2,470	0
Netherlands	2,055	25
Poland	4,395	0
Portugal	4,040	0
Romania	615	0
Russian Federation	4,235	0
Serbia⁸⁶	405	0
Ukraine	5,370	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10,995	50
Other places of birth in Europe	5,105	10
Africa	27,150	40
Algeria	345	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,425	0
Egypt	1,315	0
Eritrea	2,940	0
Ethiopia	2,945	0
Morocco	480	0
Nigeria	8,550	25
Somalia	880	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,180	0
Other places of birth in Africa	7,090	15
Asia	144,495	270
Afghanistan	845	0
Iran⁸⁸	1,105	0
Iraq	1,295	0
Lebanon	345	0
Syria⁸⁹	1,905	0
Turkey	255	0
China⁹⁰	10,250	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,255	0
Korea, South⁹²	2,955	15
Taiwan	285	0
Philippines	70,265	140
Viet Nam	4,575	0
Bangladesh	1,295	0
India	32,155	65
Pakistan	4,170	15
Sri Lanka	1,125	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10,410	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	830	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	58,370	180
Americas	5,285	0
Brazil	1,435	0
Colombia	290	0
Haiti	50	0
Jamaica	435	0
Mexico	660	0
United States of America	1,035	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,340	0
Europe	4,380	0
France	160	0
Germany	565	0
Ireland⁹⁶	155	0
Italy	130	0
Russian Federation	655	0
Ukraine	1,305	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	405	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,010	0
Africa	11,065	25
Algeria	250	0
Burundi	90	0
Cameroon	100	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	445	0
Côte d'Ivoire	75	0
Egypt	280	0
Eritrea	1,445	0
Ethiopia	680	0
Morocco	220	0
Nigeria	5,105	0
Somalia	385	0
South Africa, Republic of	270	0
Sudan⁹⁷	390	0
Tunisia	100	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,235	0
Asia	37,420	140
Afghanistan	135	0
Bangladesh	580	0
China⁹⁰	3,585	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	210	0
India	13,340	45
Iran⁸⁸	265	0
Iraq	655	0
Israel	505	0
Japan	80	0
Jordan	145	0
Korea, South⁹²	870	0
Lebanon	180	0
Nepal	100	0
Pakistan	1,210	0
Philippines	11,705	60
Saudi Arabia	130	0
Sri Lanka	190	0
Syria⁸⁹	1,575	0
Turkey	120	0
United Arab Emirates	175	0
Viet Nam	580	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,075	0
Oceania and other⁹³	215	0
Australia	105	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	115	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,307,190	8,135
First generation¹⁰⁰	302,745	680
Second generation¹⁰¹	202,165	845
Third generation or more¹⁰²	802,280	6,610
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	218,840	435
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	147,400	305
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	57,330	135
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	90,070	165
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	45,750	100
Refugees¹⁰⁸	24,560	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,130	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	218,840	435
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,360	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	16,195	70
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	4,360	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	11,250	35
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,235	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	183,440	310
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,307,190	8,135
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	290,735	575
South Asian	71,215	170
Chinese	25,390	20
Black	46,485	105
Filipino	94,315	150
Arab	7,820	0
Latin American	12,835	10
Southeast Asian	11,370	45
West Asian	3,450	20
Korean	4,325	20
Japanese	1,860	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,220	0
Multiple visible minorities	8,455	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,016,450	7,560
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,307,185	8,135
Canadian	109,195	705
English	210,285	1,530
Irish	144,420	1,145
Scottish	189,650	1,245
French, n.o.s.¹²²	121,095	635
German	177,355	920
Chinese	29,550	30
Italian	22,835	55
Indian (India)	38,825	115
Ukrainian	165,305	2,440
Dutch	43,390	245
Polish	78,860	650
Québécois	1,270	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	26,990	185
Filipino	90,945	140
French Canadian	12,435	30
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	17,290	165
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	58,255	415
Métis	88,300	1,170
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	14,900	105
Russian	48,570	130
Norwegian	19,115	115
Welsh	17,180	130
Portuguese	13,395	10
American	8,345	75
Spanish	10,845	20
Swedish	21,165	80
Hungarian	10,175	45
Acadian	1,465	0
Pakistani	5,030	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	8,460	0
Jewish	11,745	15
Punjabi	13,790	0
Vietnamese	7,290	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	3,245	0
Greek	3,795	20
Jamaican	4,475	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	9,280	65
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40,225	60
Korean	4,250	20
Romanian	5,510	105
Lebanese	1,505	30
Iranian	1,455	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	5,240	0
Danish	7,700	60
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	17,400	180
Sikh	9,095	10
Austrian	11,440	70
Belgian	20,580	75
Haitian	390	0
Hindu	4,560	0
Mexican	7,425	0
Mennonite	51,200	80
Swiss	5,255	0
Finnish	4,100	10
Sri Lankan	1,180	0
Croatian	3,080	0
Japanese	2,770	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,730	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,115	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	4,505	65
Muslim	1,895	0
Egyptian	1,635	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	2,755	0
Tamil	350	0
Icelandic	31,105	95
Colombian	1,380	0
Moroccan	540	0
Czech	4,330	35
Syrian	1,680	0
Guyanese	1,375	0
Afghan	1,240	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,175	0
Serbian	1,335	0
Ojibway	24,885	275
Newfoundlander	830	0
Hong Konger	1,020	0
Ontarian	530	0
Persian	555	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,460	0
Turkish	885	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	1,140	30
Bangladeshi	1,850	0
Algerian	290	0
Brazilian	2,110	0
Nigerian	5,580	45
Armenian	410	0
Slovak	2,135	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,975	0
Somali	1,490	0
Taiwanese	435	0
Iraqi	740	0
Salvadorean	2,575	0
African Caribbean	820	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	2,060	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	715	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,240	0
Algonquin	525	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,150	0
Lithuanian	1,330	0
South African	1,195	0
Australian	895	0
Palestinian	555	0
Chilean	1,580	0
Congolese	1,410	0
Nova Scotian	305	0
Ethiopian	2,975	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,130	0
Peruvian	345	0
Yoruba	4,885	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	815	0
Berber	235	0
Albanian	485	0
Maltese	375	0
Macedonian	260	0
Slovenian	990	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	825	0
New Brunswicker	135	0
Gujarati	1,250	0
Eritrean	3,345	0
African Canadian	610	0
Israeli	1,435	0
Mohawk	470	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,645	0
Bulgarian	350	0
Albertan	170	0
Ghanaian	565	30
Barbadian	515	0
African American	860	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	860	0
Tunisian	170	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,175	0
Cuban	260	0
Bosnian	1,040	0
Venezuelan	190	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	75	0
Latvian	1,310	10
Bengali	495	0
Cameroonian	240	0
Guatemalan	505	0
Indonesian	605	0
Laotian	1,840	0
Ilocano	1,365	0
Northern Irish	645	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	635	0
British Columbian	110	0
Ecuadorian	280	0
Franco Ontarian	80	0
Argentinian	625	0
Estonian	320	0
Kurdish	590	0
Fijian	120	0
Jatt	1,240	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	520	0
Coptic	615	0
Thai	820	0
Dominican	260	0
Nepali	625	0
Kabyle	60	0
Assyrian	15	0
Igbo	1,715	0
Byelorussian	775	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	1,370	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	455	0
Abenaki	10	0
Moldovan	235	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	215	0
New Zealander	270	0
Sudanese	355	0
Breton	290	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	380	15
Malaysian	330	0
Plains Cree	295	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	190	0
Huron (Wendat)	145	0
Saskatchewanian	395	0
Buddhist	400	0
Gaspesian	0	0
Norman	115	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	410	0
Ivorian	130	0
Saulteaux	3,445	80
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	3,585	80
Burundian	385	0
Tigrinya	1,400	0
Nicaraguan	405	0
Mauritian	230	0
Kenyan	485	0
Oji-Cree	5,665	0
Vincentian	130	0
Jordanian	175	0
Manitoban	7,155	10
Cape Bretoner	65	0
Rwandan	365	0
Grenadian	115	0
Malayali	310	0
Chaldean	0	0
Sinhalese	615	0
Mayan	605	0
Honduran	560	0
Cherokee	310	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	55	0
Indo-Caribbean	215	0
Flemish	1,095	0
United Empire Loyalist	155	0
Senegalese	100	0
Azerbaijani	130	0
Sicilian	370	0
Pashtun	135	0
Malay	455	0
Goan	80	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	325	0
Tibetan	10	0
Zimbabwean	235	0
Burmese	260	0
Mongolian	195	0
Azorean	205	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	15	0
Indo-Guyanese	130	0
Ugandan	225	0
Oromo	485	0
Tanzanian	130	0
Yemeni	150	0
Central African	210	0
Libyan	250	0
Basque	75	0
Uruguayan	60	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	115	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	280	0
Igorot	195	0
Fulani	205	0
Woodland Cree	250	0
Guinean	60	0
St. Lucian	70	0
Prince Edward Islander	20	0
Maliseet	30	0
Beninese	105	0
Telugu	90	0
Roma	230	0
Costa Rican	140	0
African Nova Scotian	40	0
Malagasy	70	0
Kashmiri	65	0
Singaporean	40	0
Karen	460	0
Edo	400	0
Tajik	55	0
Amhara	455	0
Paraguayan	3,210	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,307,190	8,135
Buddhist	7,440	20
Christian	708,850	4,475
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	149,880	640
Anabaptist	31,000	10
Anglican	42,660	240
Baptist	14,260	135
Catholic	276,925	2,140
Christian Orthodox	17,445	200
Jehovah's Witness	3,985	15
Latter Day Saints	1,640	0
Lutheran	27,775	80
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,860	10
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	20,465	140
Presbyterian	5,725	50
Reformed	2,430	0
United Church	75,425	515
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	37,380	290
Hindu	18,355	35
Jewish	11,565	20
Muslim	26,430	60
Sikh	35,470	55
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10,190	50
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,570	25
No religion and secular perspectives	480,315	3,395
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,291,715	8,045
Non-movers	1,131,315	6,880
Movers	160,395	1,170
Non-migrants	107,815	635
Migrants	52,580	535
Internal migrants	43,010	535
Intraprovincial migrants	28,745	415
Interprovincial migrants	14,260	120
External migrants	9,575	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,228,155	7,620
Non-movers	754,005	4,505
Movers	474,145	3,110
Non-migrants	249,915	1,295
Migrants	224,235	1,815
Internal migrants	154,275	1,695
Intraprovincial migrants	122,120	1,495
Interprovincial migrants	32,155	200
External migrants	69,960	120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,058,410	6,555
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	220,975	1,700
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	837,440	4,855
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	675,695	3,740
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	93,765	610
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	581,930	3,130
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,058,415	6,555
No certificate, diploma or degree	199,845	1,480
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	326,725	2,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	531,840	2,990
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	289,775	1,990
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	70,655	465
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	33,000	200
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	37,655	260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	187,205	1,360
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,915	170
Bachelor's degree or higher	242,070	995
Bachelor's degree	170,835	710
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,020	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,605	60
Master's degree	39,155	175
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	6,460	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	675,695	3,745
No certificate, diploma or degree	82,960	505
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	191,820	1,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	400,915	2,100
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	206,375	1,325
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	48,360	270
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	21,795	130
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	26,560	145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	136,480	945
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,540	100
Bachelor's degree or higher	194,545	775
Bachelor's degree	138,130	545
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,055	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,440	50
Master's degree	32,255	155
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	4,665	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,058,410	6,555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	526,565	3,565
Education	46,425	340
13. Education	46,425	340
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,220	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,400	10
50. Visual and performing arts	11,820	25
Humanities	26,260	80
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,910	0
23. English language and literature/letters	4,390	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,810	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	520	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,810	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,670	30
54. History	3,250	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	890	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	53,520	280
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,105	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,755	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	11,430	120
22. Legal professions and studies	7,840	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,425	0
42. Psychology	9,330	40
45. Social sciences	17,630	40
Business, management and public administration	109,380	595
30.16 Accounting and computer science	285	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	9,140	100
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	99,955	490
Physical and life sciences and technologies	18,690	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,670	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,710	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	650	0
40. Physical sciences	3,680	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	990	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	23,790	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20,040	35
25. Library science	1,190	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,300	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	255	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	101,835	475
04. Architecture and related services	2,910	0
14. Engineering	20,020	40
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	22,455	90
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0
46. Construction trades	23,215	150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	23,255	170
48. Precision production	9,980	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	17,715	135
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	14,210	115
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,510	25
Health and related fields	92,705	725
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,550	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	85,955	710
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	190	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,005	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	28,215	225
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	17,270	160
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	130	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	0
43. Security and protective services	5,055	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,590	30
Other¹⁷⁹	85	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	675,695	3,740
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	274,780	1,640
Education	31,325	190
13. Education	31,325	190
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,955	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	910	0
50. Visual and performing arts	9,040	20
Humanities	18,715	35
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,605	0
23. English language and literature/letters	3,280	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,415	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	355	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,310	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,060	20
54. History	2,120	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	575	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	42,590	230
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	945	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,080	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,110	100
22. Legal professions and studies	6,550	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,170	0
42. Psychology	6,975	35
45. Social sciences	13,760	30
Business, management and public administration	83,775	435
30.16 Accounting and computer science	245	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,845	80
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	76,680	350
Physical and life sciences and technologies	13,795	45
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,835	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,110	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	575	0
40. Physical sciences	2,685	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	595	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	19,205	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	16,540	35
25. Library science	710	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,745	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	200	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	75,965	280
04. Architecture and related services	2,355	0
14. Engineering	17,060	35
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	16,245	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0
46. Construction trades	16,955	85
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	16,450	95
48. Precision production	6,895	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,630	105
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10,770	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,865	20
Health and related fields	71,165	565
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	3,525	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,865	550
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	155	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,625	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20,725	150
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,365	100
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	110	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	105	0
43. Security and protective services	4,075	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,070	25
Other¹⁷⁹	65	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	675,695	3,740
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	274,780	1,640
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	400,920	2,100
Location of study inside Canada	313,465	1,865
Same as province or territory of residence	273,970	1,540
Different than province or territory of residence	39,495	325
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	87,445	235
Americas	11,310	35
United States of America	6,955	35
Mexico	435	0
Cuba	100	0
Haiti	25	0
Jamaica	330	0
Brazil	1,315	0
Colombia	555	0
Peru	90	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	80	0
Other locations of study in Americas	1,425	0
Europe	11,290	25
Belgium	100	0
France	460	0
Germany	1,860	10
Netherlands	300	0
Switzerland	145	0
Hungary	50	0
Moldova¹⁸³	115	0
Poland	510	0
Romania	115	0
Russian Federation	1,150	0
Ukraine	2,255	0
Ireland⁹⁶	245	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,600	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	140	0
Italy	145	0
Serbia⁸⁶	90	0
Other locations of study in Europe	1,010	0
Africa	7,235	15
Nigeria	3,665	15
Algeria	145	0
Morocco	185	0
Tunisia	95	0
Egypt	690	0
South Africa, Republic of	515	0
Other locations of study in Africa	1,935	0
Asia	56,830	165
Iran⁸⁸	425	0
Iraq	175	0
Israel	770	0
Lebanon	40	0
Syria⁸⁹	130	0
Turkey	160	0
China⁹⁰	3,920	0
Taiwan	140	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	435	0
Japan	240	0
Korea, South⁹²	1,220	10
Philippines	28,440	80
Viet Nam	560	0
Bangladesh	580	0
Sri Lanka	310	0
India	16,235	50
Pakistan	1,575	15
Other locations of study in Asia	1,455	0
Oceania	785	0
Australia	665	0
New Zealand	105	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,058,415	6,555
In the labour force	681,505	3,775
Employed	625,115	3,525
Unemployed	56,390	250
Not in the labour force	376,905	2,780
Participation rate	64.4	57.6
Employment rate	59.1	53.8
Unemployment rate	8.3	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,058,410	6,555
Did not work¹⁸⁶	379,950	2,685
Worked	678,460	3,870
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	376,840	2,045
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	301,625	1,825
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	681,505	3,775
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15,625	30
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	665,880	3,745
Employee	582,575	3,305
Permanent position	490,370	2,780
Temporary position	92,210	525
Fixed term (1 year or more)	27,250	155
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,960	365
Self-employed¹⁹²	83,305	440
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	681,505	3,775
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15,625	30
All occupations¹⁹¹	665,880	3,745
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	6,440	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	106,520	555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	39,030	85
3 Health occupations	57,585	570
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	91,725	590
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15,375	80
6 Sales and service occupations	160,900	1,045
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	124,140	570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	29,805	170
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	34,355	85
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	681,505	3,775
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15,625	30
All industries¹⁹¹	665,880	3,745
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	27,485	145
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,045	20
22 Utilities	6,655	15
23 Construction	52,245	200
31-33 Manufacturing	56,805	65
41 Wholesale trade	18,970	70
44-45 Retail trade	72,205	715
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	41,485	115
51 Information and cultural industries	9,760	60
52 Finance and insurance	25,885	75
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,410	25
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	32,425	155
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,000	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	26,870	90
61 Educational services	57,480	305
62 Health care and social assistance	99,895	955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	12,075	45
72 Accommodation and food services	37,515	275
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,120	195
91 Public administration	45,555	225
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	727,130	4,165
English	680,505	4,130
French	3,730	0
Non-official language	3,570	0
Indigenous³⁹	300	0
Non-Indigenous	3,265	0
English and French	14,225	15
English and non-official language(s)	24,415	15
French and non-official language(s)	40	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	440	0
Multiple non-official languages	200	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	727,130	4,165
Single responses	719,895	4,155
Official languages	711,975	4,155
English	705,145	4,150
French	6,825	0
Non-official languages	7,925	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,375	0
Algonquian languages	1,250	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	735	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	730	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	50	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	675	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	515	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	405	0
Ojibway languages	105	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	75	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	100	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	100	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	100	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	10	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,550	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	25	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	165	0
Amharic	20	0
Arabic	60	0
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	30	0
Tigrigna	55	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	220	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	220	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	770	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	765	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,530	0
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	330	0
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	325	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	40	0
Russian	175	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	85	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	1,065	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	700	0
German	700	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	340	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	15	0
Low German, n.o.s.	95	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	215	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Greek	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,670	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,630	0
Bengali	40	0
Gujarati	40	0
Hindi	55	0
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,465	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	25	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	40	0
Kurdish	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	35	0
Dari	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	450	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	10	0
Portuguese	90	0
Romanian	0	0
Spanish	355	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	20	0
Korean	170	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	10	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	130	0
American Sign Language	130	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,450	0
Chinese languages	1,450	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	860	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	590	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	10	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	7,230	10
English and French	2,110	10
English and non-official language(s)	5,020	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	0
Multiple non-official languages	55	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	727,130	4,165
None	694,535	4,145
English	7,010	0
French	9,175	0
Non-official language	14,510	15
Indigenous³⁹	2,975	0
Non-Indigenous	11,530	15
English and French	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	265	0
French and non-official language(s)	265	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,360	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	625,115	3,525
Worked at home	106,565	260
Worked outside Canada	1,450	0
No fixed workplace address	78,405	390
Usual place of work	438,705	2,875
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	438,705	2,875
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	328,415	2,660
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	46,100	110
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	61,140	90
Commute to a different province or territory	3,055	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	517,110	3,265
Car, truck or van	445,070	2,840
Car, truck or van - as a driver	401,745	2,600
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	43,325	245
Public transit	29,345	0
Walked	27,440	335
Bicycle	5,395	45
Other method	9,855	45
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	517,110	3,265
Less than 15 minutes	187,385	2,660
15 to 29 minutes	191,315	365
30 to 44 minutes	90,020	105
45 to 59 minutes	25,475	55
60 minutes and over	22,915	75
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	517,110	3,265
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	26,980	85
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	87,745	405
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	143,110	795
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	116,395	1,090
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	59,845	470
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	83,035	420
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	302,080	1,895
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30,475	205
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	271,605	1,695
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	217,225	1,335
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,030	155
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	14,755	105
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	8,280	50
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	194,195	1,175

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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