Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Division No. 1, Census division (CDR)More information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	271,878	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	270,348	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.6	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	135,137	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	117,178	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	29.9	...	...	29.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	9,104.58	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	271,880	132,695	139,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	38,295	19,610	18,685	14.1	14.8	13.4
0 to 4 years	10,895	5,615	5,275	4.0	4.2	3.8
5 to 9 years	13,010	6,600	6,410	4.8	5.0	4.6
10 to 14 years	14,395	7,390	7,000	5.3	5.6	5.0
15 to 64 years	177,315	87,250	90,070	65.2	65.8	64.7
15 to 19 years	13,995	7,195	6,800	5.1	5.4	4.9
20 to 24 years	15,870	8,270	7,605	5.8	6.2	5.5
25 to 29 years	15,595	7,820	7,775	5.7	5.9	5.6
30 to 34 years	16,900	8,345	8,550	6.2	6.3	6.1
35 to 39 years	17,720	8,675	9,055	6.5	6.5	6.5
40 to 44 years	17,765	8,560	9,205	6.5	6.5	6.6
45 to 49 years	18,210	8,915	9,295	6.7	6.7	6.7
50 to 54 years	19,425	9,350	10,075	7.1	7.0	7.2
55 to 59 years	21,085	10,125	10,960	7.8	7.6	7.9
60 to 64 years	20,745	10,000	10,750	7.6	7.5	7.7
65 years and over	56,265	25,835	30,430	20.7	19.5	21.9
65 to 69 years	18,945	9,115	9,830	7.0	6.9	7.1
70 to 74 years	15,985	7,520	8,470	5.9	5.7	6.1
75 to 79 years	10,510	4,870	5,635	3.9	3.7	4.0
80 to 84 years	6,070	2,685	3,380	2.2	2.0	2.4
85 years and over	4,755	1,645	3,110	1.7	1.2	2.2
85 to 89 years	3,080	1,215	1,870	1.1	0.9	1.3
90 to 94 years	1,275	350	925	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	350	75	275	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	45	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.8	13.4	14.1	14.8	13.4
15 to 64 years	65.2	65.8	64.7	65.2	65.8	64.7
65 years and over	20.7	19.5	21.9	20.7	19.5	21.9
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Average age of the population	43.7	42.7	44.6	43.7	42.7	44.6
Median age of the population	44.8	43.6	46.0	44.8	43.6	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	117,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	74,485	...	...	63.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,575	...	...	3.9	...	...
Row house	6,740	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	22,585	...	...	19.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,725	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	555	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	190	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	330	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	117,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	33,470	...	...	28.6	...	...
2 persons	44,465	...	...	37.9	...	...
3 persons	18,955	...	...	16.2	...	...
4 persons	15,020	...	...	12.8	...	...
5 or more persons	5,270	...	...	4.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	267,550	130,585	136,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	233,580	113,085	120,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	134,860	67,315	67,545	57.7	59.5	56.1
Married	109,190	54,515	54,680	46.7	48.2	45.4
Living common-law	25,670	12,800	12,870	11.0	11.3	10.7
Living common law - Never married	19,630	9,725	9,905	8.4	8.6	8.2
Living common law - Separated	745	400	345	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,700	2,415	2,285	2.0	2.1	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	600	265	335	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	98,715	45,770	52,950	42.3	40.5	43.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	65,525	34,890	30,635	28.1	30.9	25.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5,220	2,225	2,995	2.2	2.0	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	13,570	5,445	8,125	5.8	4.8	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	14,400	3,205	11,190	6.2	2.8	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	79,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	44,630	...	...	55.9	...	...
3 persons	17,800	...	...	22.3	...	...
4 persons	13,835	...	...	17.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,585	...	...	4.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	79,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	66,485	...	...	83.3	...	...
Married couples	53,650	...	...	67.2	...	...
With children⁶	25,715	...	...	32.2	...	...
Without children	27,935	...	...	35.0	...	...
Common-law couples	12,835	...	...	16.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,750	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	8,090	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	13,365	...	...	16.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10,520	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,845	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	267,550	130,585	136,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	216,825	107,015	109,810	81.0	82.0	80.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	132,970	66,390	66,585	49.7	50.8	48.6
Parents in one-parent families	13,365	2,850	10,515	5.0	2.2	7.7
Children⁶	70,490	37,780	32,710	26.3	28.9	23.9
In a two-parent family	51,085	27,315	23,770	19.1	20.9	17.4
In a one-parent family	19,405	10,470	8,940	7.3	8.0	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	50,720	23,565	27,155	19.0	18.0	19.8
Living alone	33,465	14,610	18,855	12.5	11.2	13.8
Living with other relatives⁷	5,860	2,445	3,415	2.2	1.9	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	11,395	6,510	4,885	4.3	5.0	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	117,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	72,885	...	...	62.2	...	...
Couple-family households	61,935	...	...	52.9	...	...
With children⁶	28,465	...	...	24.3	...	...
Without children	33,465	...	...	28.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	10,955	...	...	9.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,375	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	380	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,725	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,340	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	33,465	...	...	28.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	229,275	110,990	118,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	221,700	107,245	114,455	96.7	96.6	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,400	40,000	44,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	221,760	107,275	114,480	96.7	96.7	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,800	35,600	39,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	189,175	93,660	95,510	82.5	84.4	80.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	30,400	34,800	40,400	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	155,955	78,840	77,115	68.0	71.0	65.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,000	32,000	36,400	42,000	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	177,895	80,460	97,440	77.6	72.5	82.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,900	13,800	12,200	12,900	13,800	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,635	21,525	17,110	16.9	19.4	14.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	7,950	6,320	6,900	7,950	6,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,265	29,650	29,615	25.8	26.7	25.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	229,275	110,980	118,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	221,555	107,190	114,360	96.6	96.6	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,950	60,600	45,760	52,950	60,600	45,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	221,635	107,235	114,400	96.7	96.6	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,080	48,120	38,360	43,080	48,120	38,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	188,985	93,435	95,550	82.4	84.2	80.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,800	57,950	41,880	49,800	57,950	41,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155,955	78,665	77,290	68.0	70.9	65.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,920	57,650	42,040	49,920	57,650	42,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	177,620	80,335	97,280	77.5	72.4	82.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,020	13,460	12,680	13,020	13,460	12,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,570	21,260	17,305	16.8	19.2	14.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,450	9,970	8,820	9,450	9,970	8,820
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,485	29,220	29,260	25.5	26.3	24.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,780	8,730	8,840	8,780	8,730	8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	229,275	110,980	118,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	72,345	36,520	35,825	31.6	32.9	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	72,000	57,600	64,500	72,000	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,800	88,300	67,000	77,800	88,300	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	62,945	31,850	31,090	27.5	28.7	26.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	20,600	15,000	17,200	20,600	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	35,480	23,120	29,360	35,480	23,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.2	83.4	76.4	80.2	83.4	76.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	69.8	62.1	66.4	69.8	62.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.7	16.6	23.6	19.7	16.6	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.1	3.3	2.9	3.1	3.3	2.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.4	5.9	5.0	4.4	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.9	4.9	4.4	3.9	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	229,275	110,990	118,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	7,575	3,740	3,835	3.3	3.4	3.2
With total income	221,700	107,250	114,450	96.7	96.6	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,665	7,235	9,430	7.5	6.7	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	27,295	11,090	16,210	12.3	10.3	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	36,935	16,205	20,730	16.7	15.1	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	29,840	13,280	16,555	13.5	12.4	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	25,920	11,730	14,190	11.7	10.9	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	19,715	9,380	10,335	8.9	8.7	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	14,765	7,690	7,080	6.7	7.2	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	11,335	6,275	5,065	5.1	5.9	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	8,935	4,910	4,025	4.0	4.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	7,510	3,825	3,685	3.4	3.6	3.2
$100,000 and over	22,780	15,630	7,145	10.3	14.6	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	14,940	9,715	5,230	6.7	9.1	4.6
$150,000 and over	7,840	5,915	1,920	3.5	5.5	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	229,275	110,990	118,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	7,515	3,715	3,805	3.3	3.3	3.2
With after-tax income	221,755	107,275	114,485	96.7	96.7	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	17,625	7,470	10,155	7.9	7.0	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	28,505	11,720	16,790	12.9	10.9	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	44,225	19,615	24,615	19.9	18.3	21.5
$30,000 to $39,999	35,700	16,210	19,490	16.1	15.1	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	29,180	13,770	15,415	13.2	12.8	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	20,445	10,720	9,720	9.2	10.0	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	14,125	7,660	6,465	6.4	7.1	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	10,750	5,605	5,145	4.8	5.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	6,445	3,860	2,585	2.9	3.6	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	4,080	2,740	1,340	1.8	2.6	1.2
$100,000 and over	10,670	7,905	2,770	4.8	7.4	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	5,265	3,855	1,410	2.4	3.6	1.2
$125,000 and over	5,405	4,045	1,360	2.4	3.8	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	229,275	110,990	118,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	73,320	32,150	41,175	32.0	29.0	34.8
With employment income	155,955	78,840	77,110	68.0	71.0	65.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	23,320	10,925	12,400	15.0	13.9	16.1
$5,000 to $9,999	12,395	5,595	6,800	7.9	7.1	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	18,855	8,765	10,085	12.1	11.1	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	14,590	6,830	7,765	9.4	8.7	10.1
$30,000 to $39,999	13,185	6,015	7,165	8.5	7.6	9.3
$40,000 to $49,999	13,285	6,085	7,200	8.5	7.7	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	11,340	5,425	5,915	7.3	6.9	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	9,465	5,080	4,385	6.1	6.4	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	7,960	4,355	3,600	5.1	5.5	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	7,000	3,785	3,215	4.5	4.8	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	6,260	3,080	3,180	4.0	3.9	4.1
$100,000 and over	18,300	12,900	5,395	11.7	16.4	7.0
$100,000 to $124,999	8,050	5,105	2,945	5.2	6.5	3.8
$125,000 and over	10,255	7,795	2,455	6.6	9.9	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	229,275	110,990	118,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	217,585	105,115	112,470	94.9	94.7	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	34,000	38,800	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	217,780	105,145	112,640	95.0	94.7	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,200	30,600	34,400	39,200	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	187,755	92,935	94,820	81.9	83.7	80.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,000	31,400	36,800	44,000	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	157,475	79,540	77,935	68.7	71.7	65.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	32,400	38,400	45,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	158,815	70,015	88,795	69.3	63.1	75.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	10,200	8,900	9,300	10,200	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	34,885	19,335	15,550	15.2	17.4	13.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,900	7,750	8,400	8,900	7,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	229,275	110,980	118,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	217,615	105,060	112,555	94.9	94.7	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,350	61,700	43,680	52,350	61,700	43,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	217,755	105,070	112,690	95.0	94.7	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,040	48,120	36,400	42,040	48,120	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	187,805	92,735	95,065	81.9	83.6	80.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,900	61,750	42,320	51,900	61,750	42,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	157,990	79,530	78,460	68.9	71.7	66.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,900	61,150	42,520	51,900	61,150	42,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	158,900	70,025	88,865	69.3	63.1	75.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,350	10,740	10,040	10,350	10,740	10,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,165	19,310	15,850	15.3	17.4	13.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,850	10,210	9,410	9,850	10,210	9,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	229,275	110,980	118,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	71,950	36,295	35,650	31.4	32.7	30.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	71,000	54,400	62,000	71,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,500	86,600	64,200	75,500	86,600	64,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	59,150	30,020	29,130	25.8	27.0	24.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	28,000	19,200	22,600	28,000	19,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,440	46,320	28,280	37,440	46,320	28,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6	88.4	81.8	85.6	88.4	81.8
Employment income (%)	72.0	75.0	67.8	72.0	75.0	67.8
Government transfers (%)	14.4	11.6	18.2	14.4	11.6	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	117,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	33,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	83,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	117,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,500	...	...	81,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	33,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,040	...	...	40,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	83,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,900	...	...	120,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	117,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	735	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,040	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,925	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,120	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,955	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,480	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,825	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5,280	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,800	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,530	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,510	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,975	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,510	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,965	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,210	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	44,325	...	...	37.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,710	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	9,380	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	11,665	...	...	10.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,570	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	117,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	810	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,065	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,945	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,235	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,480	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,290	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5,560	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,130	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5,755	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,275	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10,185	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	9,630	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,835	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,840	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,720	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	33,420	...	...	28.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,720	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,445	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	12,250	...	...	10.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	79,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	33,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	12,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	44,860	21,125	23,740	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	34,800	33,600	34,400	34,800	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	31,600	31,000	31,200	31,600	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	79,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,600	...	...	98,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,600	...	...	84,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,200	...	...	162,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,100	...	...	64,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	44,840	20,970	23,870	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,560	46,560	42,800	44,560	46,560	42,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,520	38,520	36,640	37,520	38,520	36,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	267,545	130,580	136,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	46,550	23,875	22,675	17.4	18.3	16.6
0 to 5 years	13,455	6,910	6,545	5.0	5.3	4.8
18 to 64 years	167,540	81,840	85,700	62.6	62.7	62.6
65 years and over	53,455	24,870	28,585	20.0	19.0	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	34,300	15,590	18,710	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	6,450	3,375	3,075	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,090	1,125	970	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	17,625	8,110	9,515	...	...	...
65 years and over	10,225	4,105	6,125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	11.9	13.7	12.8	11.9	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	13.9	14.1	13.6	13.9	14.1	13.6
0 to 5 years (%)	15.5	16.2	14.8	15.5	16.2	14.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	9.9	11.1	10.5	9.9	11.1
65 years and over (%)	19.1	16.5	21.4	19.1	16.5	21.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	267,550	130,585	136,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	46,550	23,870	22,680	17.4	18.3	16.6
0 to 5 years	13,455	6,910	6,545	5.0	5.3	4.8
18 to 64 years	167,540	81,835	85,700	62.6	62.7	62.6
65 years and over	53,460	24,875	28,585	20.0	19.0	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,525	5,855	5,665	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,835	955	880	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	610	320	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,030	4,640	4,395	...	...	...
65 years and over	655	260	395	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.5	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.7	5.1	5.4	5.7	5.1
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	267,545	130,580	136,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	137,575	65,180	72,390	51.4	49.9	52.9
In bottom decile	29,905	14,060	15,845	11.2	10.8	11.6
In second decile	29,400	13,545	15,850	11.0	10.4	11.6
In third decile	26,875	12,625	14,250	10.0	9.7	10.4
In fourth decile	25,905	12,460	13,450	9.7	9.5	9.8
In fifth decile	25,490	12,495	12,995	9.5	9.6	9.5
In top half of the distribution	129,975	65,400	64,570	48.6	50.1	47.1
In sixth decile	25,905	12,790	13,115	9.7	9.8	9.6
In seventh decile	26,525	13,355	13,170	9.9	10.2	9.6
In eighth decile	27,035	13,535	13,500	10.1	10.4	9.9
In ninth decile	26,935	13,635	13,300	10.1	10.4	9.7
In top decile	23,565	12,080	11,485	8.8	9.3	8.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	267,550	...	...	267,550	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.341	...	...	0.341	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.469	...	...	0.469	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	268,875	131,165	137,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	249,975	123,525	126,455	93.0	94.2	91.8
French only	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	18,195	7,285	10,905	6.8	5.6	7.9
Neither English nor French	645	335	310	0.2	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	268,875	131,165	137,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	266,955	130,225	136,730	99.3	99.3	99.3
French	1,120	550	565	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	565	280	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	268,875	131,165	137,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	266,650	130,035	136,610	99.2	99.1	99.2
Official languages	258,195	125,500	132,695	96.0	95.7	96.4
English	257,090	124,960	132,125	95.6	95.3	95.9
French	1,105	540	565	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	8,455	4,540	3,915	3.1	3.5	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,420	4,525	3,895	3.1	3.4	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,630	890	735	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,555	860	705	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,345	755	590	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	675	275	395	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	565	230	335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	285	160	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,805	2,180	1,625	1.4	1.7	1.2
Albanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	410	215	200	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	405	210	195	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	405	235	170	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	190	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	185	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	75	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,070	1,265	810	0.8	1.0	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,635	1,030	605	0.6	0.8	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	545	355	190	0.2	0.3	0.1
Gujarati	130	95	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	190	130	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	380	225	155	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	210	125	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	435	230	205	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	365	195	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	325	170	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	810	410	395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	180	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	515	250	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	100	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	380	205	175	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,115	555	560	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	1,090	545	550	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	785	390	400	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	240	125	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,225	1,130	1,095	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	630	280	350	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,375	740	635	0.5	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	268,875	131,165	137,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	257,575	125,390	132,185	95.8	95.6	96.0
French	275	125	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,225	1,195	1,030	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,220	1,190	1,025	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and French	1,685	705	980	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	6,595	3,485	3,105	2.5	2.7	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	340	170	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	268,875	131,165	137,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	267,185	130,315	136,875	99.4	99.4	99.4
Official languages	262,590	127,870	134,720	97.7	97.5	97.8
English	262,120	127,655	134,465	97.5	97.3	97.6
French	465	220	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,600	2,445	2,155	1.7	1.9	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,590	2,445	2,150	1.7	1.9	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,070	550	520	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,030	530	500	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	900	475	430	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	340	150	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	305	130	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,870	1,045	820	0.7	0.8	0.6
Albanian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,265	735	525	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	925	565	365	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	300	190	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	65	50	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	90	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	145	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	75	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	335	175	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	285	145	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	255	125	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	335	170	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	240	120	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	75	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	115	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	700	365	335	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese languages	685	350	330	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	530	275	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,685	855	830	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	220	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,405	715	695	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	268,875	131,170	137,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	261,490	127,425	134,060	97.3	97.1	97.4
English	2,060	1,070	990	0.8	0.8	0.7
French	1,370	560	815	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	2,980	1,565	1,410	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,920	1,535	1,385	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and French	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	300	165	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	440	260	175	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	267,550	130,565	136,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	266,900	130,200	136,700	99.8	99.7	99.8
English	266,820	130,165	136,655	99.7	99.7	99.8
French	18,295	7,415	10,875	6.8	5.7	7.9
Non-official languages	14,110	7,335	6,770	5.3	5.6	4.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	130	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	80	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,980	7,285	6,700	5.2	5.6	4.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,225	1,295	935	0.8	1.0	0.7
Berber languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,165	1,255	910	0.8	1.0	0.7
Amharic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,825	1,060	760	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	100	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	230	135	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,085	440	650	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	885	345	540	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	185	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	430	225	205	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	240	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	75	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,125	3,850	3,275	2.7	2.9	2.4
Albanian	65	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	760	435	330	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	750	430	320	0.3	0.3	0.2
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	430	240	185	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	45	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,235	650	585	0.5	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	845	425	410	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	830	420	410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	210	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	245	165	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	110	80	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	110	80	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,955	1,760	1,200	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,450	1,510	940	0.9	1.2	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	795	500	300	0.3	0.4	0.2
Gujarati	240	205	35	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hindi	1,140	790	355	0.4	0.6	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	670	400	270	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	70	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	390	215	175	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	520	255	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	470	225	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	420	210	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,330	1,110	1,220	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	415	240	175	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	350	165	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,605	725	880	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	165	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	170	60	105	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,025	550	470	0.4	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	125	75	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	190	115	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	135	55	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	250	130	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	610	245	365	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	585	230	355	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,385	745	640	0.5	0.6	0.5
Chinese languages	1,340	720	620	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,075	575	500	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	310	160	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	130	70	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	267,545	130,560	136,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	8,300	3,945	4,360	3.1	3.0	3.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,675	3,655	4,020	2.9	2.8	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,780	2,295	2,485	1.8	1.8	1.8
Métis	1,695	770	925	0.6	0.6	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	1,195	585	610	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	130	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	500	235	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	259,250	126,625	132,625	96.9	97.0	96.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	267,545	130,560	136,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,815	1,390	1,425	1.1	1.1	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	264,735	129,170	135,560	98.9	98.9	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	117,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	85,880	...	...	73.3	...	...
Renter	31,295	...	...	26.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	117,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,170	...	...	3.6	...	...
Not condominium	113,010	...	...	96.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	117,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	285	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	8,070	...	...	6.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	25,880	...	...	22.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	52,150	...	...	44.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30,785	...	...	26.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	117,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	20,680	...	...	17.6	...	...
5 rooms	17,065	...	...	14.6	...	...
6 rooms	19,560	...	...	16.7	...	...
7 rooms	16,875	...	...	14.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	43,000	...	...	36.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	117,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	116,690	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	485	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	117,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	115,060	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	2,120	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	117,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	19,265	...	...	16.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	32,635	...	...	27.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	17,230	...	...	14.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	14,260	...	...	12.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	7,855	...	...	6.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	9,595	...	...	8.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	10,500	...	...	9.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,855	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	117,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	111,740	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,435	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	117,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	58,680	...	...	50.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	54,950	...	...	46.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,545	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	117,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,520	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	14,895	...	...	12.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	19,040	...	...	16.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	21,005	...	...	17.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	24,350	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	20,955	...	...	17.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	10,610	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	2,810	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	116,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	96,755	...	...	82.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	20,080	...	...	17.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	18,485	...	...	15.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	117,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	26,080	...	...	22.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	18,655	...	...	15.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,780	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,125	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	205	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,185	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	91,100	...	...	77.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	115,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	9,715	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not in core need	105,530	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	85,825	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.9	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	305,600	...	...	305,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,295	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.6	...	...	18.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.8	...	...	33.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.8	...	...	21.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	267,545	130,565	136,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,315	2,005	2,315	1.6	1.5	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,150	1,925	2,230	1.6	1.5	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,880	1,360	1,520	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis single ancestry	550	230	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	720	330	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,825	4,260	4,560	3.3	3.3	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,560	4,165	4,390	3.2	3.2	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,480	3,195	3,285	2.4	2.4	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	965	435	530	0.4	0.3	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,105	535	575	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	260	95	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	15	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	254,405	124,295	130,110	95.1	95.2	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	267,550	130,565	136,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	258,800	125,805	133,000	96.7	96.4	97.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45,490	23,330	22,155	17.0	17.9	16.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	213,315	102,470	110,840	79.7	78.5	80.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,745	4,760	3,985	3.3	3.6	2.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	267,550	130,565	136,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	252,885	122,805	130,080	94.5	94.1	95.0
Immigrants⁸¹	10,225	5,240	4,985	3.8	4.0	3.6
Before 1980	2,190	1,075	1,120	0.8	0.8	0.8
1980 to 1990	605	395	210	0.2	0.3	0.2
1991 to 2000	775	405	375	0.3	0.3	0.3
2001 to 2010	1,875	990	880	0.7	0.8	0.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,775	2,375	2,405	1.8	1.8	1.8
2011 to 2015	1,645	835	810	0.6	0.6	0.6
2016 to 2021	3,135	1,540	1,595	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,435	2,520	1,915	1.7	1.9	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,230	5,240	4,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,215	610	605	11.9	11.6	12.1
5 to 14 years	1,835	925	910	17.9	17.7	18.3
15 to 24 years	1,550	835	715	15.2	15.9	14.3
25 to 44 years	4,835	2,440	2,390	47.3	46.6	47.9
45 years and over	790	430	360	7.7	8.2	7.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,230	5,240	4,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,715	825	885	16.8	15.7	17.8
Brazil	80	35	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
Colombia	120	60	65	1.2	1.1	1.3
El Salvador	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyana	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	145	65	80	1.4	1.2	1.6
Mexico	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	45	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
United States of America	1,015	520	490	9.9	9.9	9.8
Other places of birth in Americas	240	100	140	2.3	1.9	2.8
Europe	2,930	1,640	1,290	28.6	31.3	25.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Croatia	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
France	145	65	80	1.4	1.2	1.6
Germany	160	85	70	1.6	1.6	1.4
Greece	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Italy	80	50	30	0.8	1.0	0.6
Netherlands	45	30	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Poland	40	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Portugal	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Romania	80	35	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
Russian Federation	110	50	55	1.1	1.0	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	50	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,520	840	675	14.9	16.0	13.5
Other places of birth in Europe	575	355	220	5.6	6.8	4.4
Africa	1,565	855	705	15.3	16.3	14.1
Algeria	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	35	35	0.7	0.7	0.7
Egypt	155	115	40	1.5	2.2	0.8
Eritrea	155	95	60	1.5	1.8	1.2
Ethiopia	75	40	35	0.7	0.8	0.7
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	365	195	175	3.6	3.7	3.5
Somalia	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	60	50	1.1	1.1	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	580	290	285	5.7	5.5	5.7
Asia	3,940	1,885	2,060	38.5	36.0	41.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	105	55	50	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iraq	110	50	60	1.1	1.0	1.2
Lebanon	75	40	30	0.7	0.8	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	450	220	225	4.4	4.2	4.5
Turkey	45	35	15	0.4	0.7	0.3
China⁹⁰	535	245	290	5.2	4.7	5.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	80	35	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	90	15	70	0.9	0.3	1.4
Taiwan	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Philippines	845	325	520	8.3	6.2	10.4
Viet Nam	80	40	45	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bangladesh	205	120	85	2.0	2.3	1.7
India	545	325	225	5.3	6.2	4.5
Pakistan	170	65	110	1.7	1.2	2.2
Sri Lanka	70	35	30	0.7	0.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	475	250	220	4.6	4.8	4.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75	30	50	0.7	0.6	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,135	1,540	1,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	320	145	175	10.2	9.4	11.0
Brazil	25	10	15	0.8	0.6	0.9
Colombia	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	105	55	50	3.3	3.6	3.1
Mexico	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
United States of America	115	60	55	3.7	3.9	3.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	10	35	1.4	0.6	2.2
Europe	285	160	120	9.1	10.4	7.5
France	30	15	15	1.0	1.0	0.9
Germany	20	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	20	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italy	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	15	0.8	1.0	0.9
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	70	30	3.2	4.5	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	30	1.8	1.9	1.9
Africa	785	410	375	25.0	26.6	23.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	25	25	1.6	1.6	1.6
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	25	10	1.3	1.6	0.6
Eritrea	100	60	45	3.2	3.9	2.8
Ethiopia	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.9
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	245	140	110	7.8	9.1	6.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	25	10	1.1	1.6	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	65	35	30	2.1	2.3	1.9
Tunisia	35	15	25	1.1	1.0	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	180	85	95	5.7	5.5	6.0
Asia	1,735	815	920	55.3	52.9	57.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	70	35	30	2.2	2.3	1.9
China⁹⁰	180	75	105	5.7	4.9	6.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	210	140	70	6.7	9.1	4.4
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15	1.1	1.3	0.9
Iraq	50	15	30	1.6	1.0	1.9
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	10	0.6	1.0	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	35	0	30	1.1	0.0	1.9
Lebanon	55	30	20	1.8	1.9	1.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	80	30	45	2.6	1.9	2.8
Philippines	425	160	270	13.6	10.4	16.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	15	10	0.6	1.0	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	390	205	185	12.4	13.3	11.6
Turkey	25	20	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
United Arab Emirates	20	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.3
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.8	0.6	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	70	20	50	2.2	1.3	3.1
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	267,550	130,560	136,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,145	8,470	7,675	6.0	6.5	5.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,225	6,180	6,045	4.6	4.7	4.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	239,180	115,915	123,265	89.4	88.8	90.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,035	4,170	3,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,465	2,345	2,120	55.6	56.2	54.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,145	1,340	805	26.7	32.1	20.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,325	1,005	1,320	28.9	24.1	34.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,870	945	930	23.3	22.7	24.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,640	845	795	20.4	20.3	20.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60	35	20	0.7	0.8	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,035	4,170	3,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	185	105	75	2.3	2.5	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,615	870	745	20.1	20.9	19.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	390	240	150	4.9	5.8	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,050	595	460	13.1	14.3	11.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,760	2,340	2,425	59.2	56.1	62.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	267,545	130,560	136,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,955	6,825	6,130	4.8	5.2	4.5
South Asian	3,425	1,980	1,440	1.3	1.5	1.1
Chinese	1,770	915	855	0.7	0.7	0.6
Black	2,955	1,585	1,370	1.1	1.2	1.0
Filipino	1,140	480	665	0.4	0.4	0.5
Arab	1,510	895	615	0.6	0.7	0.4
Latin American	640	310	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	390	175	220	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	495	240	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	170	60	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	275	115	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	254,595	123,740	130,850	95.2	94.8	95.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	267,550	130,565	136,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	63,590	30,875	32,715	23.8	23.6	23.9
English	97,330	46,725	50,615	36.4	35.8	37.0
Irish	87,370	42,255	45,120	32.7	32.4	32.9
Scottish	19,995	9,585	10,410	7.5	7.3	7.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,700	5,170	5,535	4.0	4.0	4.0
German	4,495	2,210	2,275	1.7	1.7	1.7
Chinese	1,825	925	900	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italian	1,640	800	840	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indian (India)	1,915	1,090	830	0.7	0.8	0.6
Ukrainian	1,095	565	525	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dutch	1,100	565	535	0.4	0.4	0.4
Polish	895	460	435	0.3	0.4	0.3
Québécois	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	9,400	4,520	4,880	3.5	3.5	3.6
Filipino	1,190	520	665	0.4	0.4	0.5
French Canadian	355	160	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	13,690	6,485	7,205	5.1	5.0	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,965	960	1,005	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis	1,835	790	1,040	0.7	0.6	0.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	4,810	2,395	2,415	1.8	1.8	1.8
Russian	540	280	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	1,200	610	590	0.4	0.5	0.4
Welsh	4,010	2,075	1,935	1.5	1.6	1.4
Portuguese	835	410	425	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	1,405	660	745	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	825	410	415	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	655	330	325	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungarian	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	655	300	350	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	210	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	595	305	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	415	270	150	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	145	55	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	685	385	305	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	270	150	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	225	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	355	185	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	130	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	180	65	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	200	65	135	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	470	225	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	415	200	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,080	540	540	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	460	245	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	770	350	425	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	230	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	210	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	190	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	150	65	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	125	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	4,780	2,325	2,450	1.8	1.8	1.8
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	740	390	350	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	280	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	320	205	110	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	90	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	135	65	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	275	165	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	135	90	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	18,035	8,880	9,150	6.7	6.8	6.7
Hong Konger	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	240	100	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	75	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	1,880	880	1,005	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bangladeshi	515	310	205	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algerian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	385	195	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	185	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	140	110	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australian	130	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	120	75	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	105	30	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	255	110	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	235	125	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	410	170	235	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	180	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	80	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	115	80	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	250	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	50	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	150	120	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	250	155	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	50	40	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	275	120	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	110	70	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Breton	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	95	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	1,365	705	665	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	115	85	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	85	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	267,545	130,565	136,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	370	190	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	211,235	100,830	110,405	79.0	77.2	80.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,220	4,040	4,185	3.1	3.1	3.1
Anabaptist	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	50,180	23,845	26,335	18.8	18.3	19.2
Baptist	675	335	340	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catholic	103,150	49,275	53,875	38.6	37.7	39.3
Christian Orthodox	530	305	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	725	345	385	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	130	45	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	190	115	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	8,605	4,025	4,580	3.2	3.1	3.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	6,210	2,845	3,360	2.3	2.2	2.5
Presbyterian	865	405	460	0.3	0.3	0.3
Reformed	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	29,535	14,190	15,345	11.0	10.9	11.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,145	1,030	1,120	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hindu	945	570	380	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	205	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	3,385	1,795	1,590	1.3	1.4	1.2
Sikh	545	310	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	715	270	440	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	50,115	26,490	23,620	18.7	20.3	17.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	265,445	129,460	135,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	238,750	116,745	122,005	89.9	90.2	89.7
Movers	26,690	12,715	13,975	10.1	9.8	10.3
Non-migrants	15,300	7,245	8,060	5.8	5.6	5.9
Migrants	11,385	5,470	5,920	4.3	4.2	4.4
Internal migrants	10,475	4,965	5,510	3.9	3.8	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	7,280	3,380	3,900	2.7	2.6	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,195	1,585	1,610	1.2	1.2	1.2
External migrants	915	505	405	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	256,715	125,045	131,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	176,260	85,985	90,275	68.7	68.8	68.6
Movers	80,455	39,055	41,395	31.3	31.2	31.4
Non-migrants	31,015	15,135	15,885	12.1	12.1	12.1
Migrants	49,440	23,930	25,510	19.3	19.1	19.4
Internal migrants	43,465	20,770	22,695	16.9	16.6	17.2
Intraprovincial migrants	34,275	16,110	18,165	13.4	12.9	13.8
Interprovincial migrants	9,190	4,660	4,530	3.6	3.7	3.4
External migrants	5,975	3,150	2,820	2.3	2.5	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	229,275	110,980	118,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	37,160	19,800	17,355	16.2	17.8	14.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	192,115	91,180	100,935	83.8	82.2	85.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	146,125	70,535	75,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,310	8,445	5,865	9.8	12.0	7.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	131,820	62,090	69,730	90.2	88.0	92.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	229,275	110,980	118,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	33,940	17,455	16,490	14.8	15.7	13.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	61,530	30,230	31,295	26.8	27.2	26.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	133,810	63,295	70,515	58.4	57.0	59.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	82,170	41,020	41,140	35.8	37.0	34.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,665	14,935	5,730	9.0	13.5	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,150	5,755	4,395	4.4	5.2	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10,525	9,185	1,340	4.6	8.3	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55,805	23,770	32,035	24.3	21.4	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,690	2,315	3,380	2.5	2.1	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	51,640	22,270	29,370	22.5	20.1	24.8
Bachelor's degree	33,075	13,910	19,165	14.4	12.5	16.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,340	1,125	1,220	1.0	1.0	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,385	670	715	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	12,540	5,135	7,405	5.5	4.6	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,300	1,430	865	1.0	1.3	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	146,130	70,535	75,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,255	7,000	5,260	8.4	9.9	7.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,250	16,540	15,705	22.1	23.4	20.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	101,620	46,995	54,620	69.5	66.6	72.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	61,185	30,240	30,940	41.9	42.9	40.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,865	10,835	4,030	10.2	15.4	5.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,165	4,145	3,025	4.9	5.9	4.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,695	6,690	1,005	5.3	9.5	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	42,580	17,845	24,740	29.1	25.3	32.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,740	1,570	2,170	2.6	2.2	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	40,435	16,750	23,685	27.7	23.7	31.3
Bachelor's degree	25,600	10,595	15,005	17.5	15.0	19.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,835	820	1,015	1.3	1.2	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,150	500	650	0.8	0.7	0.9
Master's degree	10,205	3,890	6,310	7.0	5.5	8.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,655	945	710	1.1	1.3	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	229,275	110,980	118,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	95,470	47,680	47,780	41.6	43.0	40.4
Education	10,525	2,960	7,565	4.6	2.7	6.4
13. Education	10,525	2,960	7,565	4.6	2.7	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,655	1,210	1,445	1.2	1.1	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360	285	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,290	920	1,365	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	5,360	2,225	3,135	2.3	2.0	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	420	100	325	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,475	540	935	0.6	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,270	465	805	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	215	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	445	250	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	535	310	225	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	605	365	240	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	400	85	315	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,755	3,385	7,370	4.7	3.1	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205	40	165	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	665	290	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,135	155	1,980	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,530	525	1,005	0.7	0.5	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	2,130	450	1,680	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	3,980	1,890	2,090	1.7	1.7	1.8
Business, management and public administration	30,090	8,445	21,645	13.1	7.6	18.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,830	295	1,530	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	28,200	8,135	20,065	12.3	7.3	17.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,460	2,200	2,265	1.9	2.0	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,975	795	1,180	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	850	410	435	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	20	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,385	940	445	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	25	120	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,885	3,465	2,420	2.6	3.1	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,955	3,050	1,905	2.2	2.7	1.6
25. Library science	330	40	290	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	530	305	230	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	65	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	31,800	28,520	3,275	13.9	25.7	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	280	195	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	5,430	4,325	1,100	2.4	3.9	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	8,450	7,020	1,430	3.7	6.3	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	8,805	8,515	290	3.8	7.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,410	5,225	185	2.4	4.7	0.2
48. Precision production	3,420	3,235	185	1.5	2.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,085	1,075	1,015	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,130	430	705	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	950	640	315	0.4	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	19,630	3,455	16,175	8.6	3.1	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,095	495	595	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	17,935	2,655	15,280	7.8	2.4	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	530	285	250	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,545	6,355	4,190	4.6	5.7	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,845	1,340	3,500	2.1	1.2	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,380	1,010	365	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,285	3,965	315	1.9	3.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	146,130	70,540	75,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,505	23,540	20,965	30.5	33.4	27.7
Education	6,435	1,560	4,880	4.4	2.2	6.5
13. Education	6,435	1,560	4,880	4.4	2.2	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,175	975	1,200	1.5	1.4	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	190	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,930	785	1,145	1.3	1.1	1.5
Humanities	3,770	1,555	2,215	2.6	2.2	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	305	90	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	985	360	630	0.7	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	960	350	610	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	355	185	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	260	150	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	465	295	175	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	45	225	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,650	2,515	6,135	5.9	3.6	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	40	145	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	550	230	320	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,780	130	1,655	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,255	370	885	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,665	330	1,340	1.1	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	3,135	1,395	1,735	2.1	2.0	2.3
Business, management and public administration	23,015	6,225	16,790	15.7	8.8	22.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,395	170	1,220	1.0	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	21,570	6,045	15,530	14.8	8.6	20.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,340	1,585	1,755	2.3	2.2	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,460	545	915	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	635	290	350	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,090	720	370	0.7	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,205	3,085	2,120	3.6	4.4	2.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,495	2,790	1,710	3.1	4.0	2.3
25. Library science	270	35	230	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	390	215	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	23,825	20,920	2,905	16.3	29.7	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	205	140	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	4,420	3,430	985	3.0	4.9	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	6,495	5,230	1,265	4.4	7.4	1.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	6,600	6,330	270	4.5	9.0	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,680	3,535	145	2.5	5.0	0.2
48. Precision production	2,420	2,260	165	1.7	3.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,725	855	870	1.2	1.2	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	905	330	575	0.6	0.5	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	820	525	295	0.6	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	14,930	2,585	12,345	10.2	3.7	16.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	860	400	465	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,560	1,940	11,620	9.3	2.8	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	450	230	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,520	5,130	3,390	5.8	7.3	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,895	1,075	2,825	2.7	1.5	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,130	815	310	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,465	3,215	250	2.4	4.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	146,130	70,540	75,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,505	23,540	20,965	30.5	33.4	27.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	101,615	47,000	54,625	69.5	66.6	72.3
Location of study inside Canada	96,640	44,645	51,995	66.1	63.3	68.8
Same as province or territory of residence	82,895	38,390	44,505	56.7	54.4	58.9
Different than province or territory of residence	13,750	6,255	7,495	9.4	8.9	9.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,975	2,350	2,630	3.4	3.3	3.5
Americas	1,205	510	700	0.8	0.7	0.9
United States of America	850	380	470	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mexico	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	85	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,375	810	565	0.9	1.1	0.7
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	85	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	760	470	290	0.5	0.7	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	535	270	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	185	70	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	175	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,740	715	1,025	1.2	1.0	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	0	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	480	180	300	0.3	0.3	0.4
Viet Nam	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	330	155	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	229,275	110,980	118,295	...	...	...
In the labour force	138,100	69,955	68,145	...	...	...
Employed	121,190	59,825	61,365	...	...	...
Unemployed	16,910	10,125	6,785	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	91,175	41,025	50,150	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.2	63.0	57.6	60.2	63.0	57.6
Employment rate	52.9	53.9	51.9	52.9	53.9	51.9
Unemployment rate	12.2	14.5	10.0	12.2	14.5	10.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	229,275	110,980	118,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	89,785	40,260	49,530	39.2	36.3	41.9
Worked	139,485	70,725	68,765	60.8	63.7	58.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	73,555	37,200	36,355	32.1	33.5	30.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	65,935	33,525	32,410	28.8	30.2	27.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	39.4	40.7	40.0	39.4	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	138,105	69,955	68,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,605	2,050	1,550	2.6	2.9	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	134,500	67,905	66,595	97.4	97.1	97.7
Employee	122,235	60,590	61,640	88.5	86.6	90.4
Permanent position	90,625	44,090	46,535	65.6	63.0	68.3
Temporary position	31,605	16,500	15,105	22.9	23.6	22.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	8,355	3,655	4,695	6.0	5.2	6.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	23,255	12,845	10,410	16.8	18.4	15.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,265	7,310	4,950	8.9	10.4	7.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	138,105	69,955	68,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,605	2,050	1,550	2.6	2.9	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	134,500	67,905	66,595	97.4	97.1	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,370	880	490	1.0	1.3	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	22,225	6,325	15,900	16.1	9.0	23.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,245	8,625	2,625	8.1	12.3	3.9
3 Health occupations	12,285	2,295	9,985	8.9	3.3	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	18,415	5,595	12,820	13.3	8.0	18.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,495	1,550	1,950	2.5	2.2	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	34,775	15,265	19,505	25.2	21.8	28.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,185	21,430	1,750	16.8	30.6	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,575	3,030	550	2.6	4.3	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,930	2,915	1,015	2.8	4.2	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	138,105	69,955	68,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,605	2,050	1,550	2.6	2.9	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	134,500	67,905	66,595	97.4	97.1	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,880	2,160	720	2.1	3.1	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,995	3,235	755	2.9	4.6	1.1
22 Utilities	1,550	1,035	515	1.1	1.5	0.8
23 Construction	10,490	9,270	1,215	7.6	13.3	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	5,625	3,985	1,640	4.1	5.7	2.4
41 Wholesale trade	3,080	2,295	785	2.2	3.3	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	16,605	7,675	8,930	12.0	11.0	13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,235	4,800	1,435	4.5	6.9	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	2,090	1,135	955	1.5	1.6	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	3,355	1,205	2,155	2.4	1.7	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,465	880	580	1.1	1.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,080	5,360	3,725	6.6	7.7	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,830	2,980	1,850	3.5	4.3	2.7
61 Educational services	10,625	3,635	6,990	7.7	5.2	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	21,085	3,935	17,150	15.3	5.6	25.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,380	1,155	1,225	1.7	1.7	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	9,060	3,900	5,165	6.6	5.6	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,790	2,695	3,100	4.2	3.9	4.5
91 Public administration	14,100	6,490	7,610	10.2	9.3	11.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	148,925	75,415	73,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	146,460	74,475	71,985	98.3	98.8	97.9
French	270	90	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	1,675	565	1,105	1.1	0.7	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	375	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	148,925	75,415	73,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	148,630	75,290	73,340	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	148,505	75,220	73,285	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	147,895	75,065	72,830	99.3	99.5	99.1
French	610	155	450	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	290	125	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	225	85	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	148,925	75,415	73,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	147,110	74,740	72,370	98.8	99.1	98.5
English	365	75	285	0.2	0.1	0.4
French	1,120	420	705	0.8	0.6	1.0
Non-official language	260	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	121,190	59,825	61,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	20,680	8,945	11,735	17.1	15.0	19.1
Worked outside Canada	325	275	55	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	16,330	11,855	4,470	13.5	19.8	7.3
Usual place of work	83,860	38,755	45,105	69.2	64.8	73.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	83,860	38,755	45,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	42,185	18,420	23,765	50.3	47.5	52.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	39,475	18,735	20,740	47.1	48.3	46.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,265	885	380	1.5	2.3	0.8
Commute to a different province or territory	940	715	215	1.1	1.8	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	100,190	50,610	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	89,040	44,150	44,890	88.9	87.2	90.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	80,260	40,595	39,665	80.1	80.2	80.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	8,775	3,555	5,225	8.8	7.0	10.5
Public transit	2,850	1,545	1,305	2.8	3.1	2.6
Walked	4,400	2,090	2,310	4.4	4.1	4.7
Bicycle	140	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other method	3,760	2,720	1,040	3.8	5.4	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	100,190	50,610	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	42,795	19,995	22,800	42.7	39.5	46.0
15 to 29 minutes	40,360	20,150	20,210	40.3	39.8	40.8
30 to 44 minutes	9,150	5,130	4,020	9.1	10.1	8.1
45 to 59 minutes	2,470	1,405	1,065	2.5	2.8	2.1
60 minutes and over	5,420	3,935	1,485	5.4	7.8	3.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	100,190	50,610	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,100	3,135	965	4.1	6.2	1.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,035	7,745	4,290	12.0	15.3	8.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	30,995	16,320	14,675	30.9	32.2	29.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	27,515	11,970	15,545	27.5	23.7	31.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	11,745	4,505	7,235	11.7	8.9	14.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,795	6,930	6,865	13.8	13.7	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	47,540	24,370	23,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,645	800	850	3.5	3.3	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45,890	23,575	22,320	96.5	96.7	96.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	35,765	18,310	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,215	580	630	3.4	3.2	3.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	635	295	340	1.8	1.6	1.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	580	285	295	1.6	1.6	1.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	34,555	17,730	16,825	96.6	96.8	96.4

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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