Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Don Valley EastMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	95,039
Population, 2016¹	94,579
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.5
Total private dwellings²	40,122
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,300
Population density per square kilometre	4,171.8
Land area in square kilometres	22.78
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	95,040
0 to 14 years	14,640
0 to 4 years	4,555
5 to 9 years	4,870
10 to 14 years	5,220
15 to 64 years	62,235
15 to 19 years	5,170
20 to 24 years	5,830
25 to 29 years	6,665
30 to 34 years	6,845
35 to 39 years	6,330
40 to 44 years	6,295
45 to 49 years	6,050
50 to 54 years	6,435
55 to 59 years	6,725
60 to 64 years	5,900
65 years and over	18,155
65 to 69 years	4,805
70 to 74 years	4,305
75 to 79 years	3,315
80 to 84 years	2,625
85 years and over	3,110
85 to 89 years	1,790
90 to 94 years	1,035
95 to 99 years	245
100 years and over	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4
15 to 64 years	65.5
65 years and over	19.1
85 years and over	3.3
Average age of the population	42.2
Median age of the population	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,300
Single-detached house	5,485
Semi-detached house	2,090
Row house	2,795
Apartment or flat in a duplex	310
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,025
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	22,560
Other single-attached house	25
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,300
1 person	11,740
2 persons	11,295
3 persons	6,460
4 persons	5,305
5 or more persons	3,500
Number of persons in private households	94,320
Average household size	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	80,395
Married or living common-law	40,440
Married	35,945
Living common-law	4,495
Living common law - Never married	3,220
Living common law - Separated	210
Living common law - Divorced	960
Living common law - Widowed	110
Not married and not living common-law	39,955
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,430
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,580
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,850
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,490
2 persons	11,830
3 persons	6,225
4 persons	5,010
5 or more persons	2,420
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,495
Total couple families	19,400
Married couples	17,160
With children⁶	10,575
Without children	6,580
Common-law couples	2,240
With children⁶	760
Without children	1,485
Total one-parent families	6,090
in which the parent is a woman+	5,235
in which the parent is a man+	855
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,320
Total - Persons in census families	75,420
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,795
Parents in one-parent families	6,095
Children⁶	30,535
In a two-parent family	21,115
In a one-parent family	9,420
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,895
Living alone	11,740
Living with other relatives⁷	3,250
Living with non-relatives only	3,910
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,300
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,760
Couple-family households	16,875
With children⁶	9,990
Without children	6,880
One-parent-family households	4,885
Multigenerational households⁸	1,300
Multiple-census-family households⁹	250
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,295
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,960
One-person households	11,740
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,705
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,715
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,735
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,795
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,600
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,125
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,310
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,640
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,750
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,775
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,805
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,830
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,595
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,085
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,075
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,410
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,570
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,755
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,300
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,305
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,700
Without total income	3,990
With total income	75,710
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,280
$10,000 to $19,999	9,915
$20,000 to $29,999	13,760
$30,000 to $39,999	9,980
$40,000 to $49,999	8,015
$50,000 to $59,999	6,260
$60,000 to $69,999	4,620
$70,000 to $79,999	3,590
$80,000 to $89,999	2,790
$90,000 to $99,999	2,195
$100,000 and over	7,310
$100,000 to $149,999	4,740
$150,000 and over	2,575
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,700
Without after-tax income	3,970
With after-tax income	75,730
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,470
$10,000 to $19,999	10,390
$20,000 to $29,999	15,165
$30,000 to $39,999	11,490
$40,000 to $49,999	9,080
$50,000 to $59,999	6,430
$60,000 to $69,999	4,645
$70,000 to $79,999	3,265
$80,000 to $89,999	2,480
$90,000 to $99,999	1,485
$100,000 and over	3,820
$100,000 to $124,999	1,840
$125,000 and over	1,980
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,700
Without employment income	28,100
With employment income	51,600
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,435
$5,000 to $9,999	5,170
$10,000 to $19,999	6,165
$20,000 to $29,999	4,440
$30,000 to $39,999	4,370
$40,000 to $49,999	4,345
$50,000 to $59,999	3,800
$60,000 to $69,999	3,170
$70,000 to $79,999	2,475
$80,000 to $89,999	2,065
$90,000 to $99,999	1,695
$100,000 and over	5,470
$100,000 to $124,999	2,480
$125,000 and over	2,985
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,705
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,660
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,665
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,610
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,375
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,890
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,550
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,750
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,670
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,670
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,640
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,405
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,995
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,460
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,755
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,025
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,830
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2
Employment income (%)	70.6
Government transfers (%)	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,300
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,740
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,565
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,285
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,300
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,695
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,400
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,840
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,590
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,100
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,300
Under $5,000	500
$5,000 to $9,999	260
$10,000 to $14,999	415
$15,000 to $19,999	695
$20,000 to $24,999	1,725
$25,000 to $29,999	1,365
$30,000 to $34,999	1,325
$35,000 to $39,999	1,450
$40,000 to $44,999	1,565
$45,000 to $49,999	1,510
$50,000 to $59,999	3,035
$60,000 to $69,999	2,895
$70,000 to $79,999	2,820
$80,000 to $89,999	2,655
$90,000 to $99,999	2,325
$100,000 and over	13,755
$100,000 to $124,999	4,420
$125,000 to $149,999	2,890
$150,000 to $199,999	3,180
$200,000 and over	3,265
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,300
Under $5,000	560
$5,000 to $9,999	260
$10,000 to $14,999	425
$15,000 to $19,999	750
$20,000 to $24,999	1,810
$25,000 to $29,999	1,495
$30,000 to $34,999	1,535
$35,000 to $39,999	1,710
$40,000 to $44,999	1,860
$45,000 to $49,999	1,795
$50,000 to $59,999	3,545
$60,000 to $69,999	3,435
$70,000 to $79,999	3,200
$80,000 to $89,999	2,835
$90,000 to $99,999	2,400
$100,000 and over	10,700
$100,000 to $124,999	4,045
$125,000 to $149,999	2,475
$150,000 and over	4,190
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,345
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,090
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,355
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,730
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,650
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,325
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,900
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,080
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,375
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,730
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,705
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,650
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,320
0 to 17 years	17,645
0 to 5 years	5,480
18 to 64 years	59,120
65 years and over	17,550
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,680
0 to 17 years	3,425
0 to 5 years	1,200
18 to 64 years	7,235
65 years and over	3,020
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.5
0 to 17 years (%)	19.4
0 to 5 years (%)	21.9
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2
65 years and over (%)	17.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	94,320
0 to 17 years	17,650
0 to 5 years	5,480
18 to 64 years	59,120
65 years and over	17,555
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,650
0 to 17 years	1,755
0 to 5 years	665
18 to 64 years	4,980
65 years and over	915
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4
65 years and over (%)	5.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,320
In bottom half of the distribution	53,695
In bottom decile	11,915
In second decile	11,375
In third decile	11,150
In fourth decile	10,110
In fifth decile	9,140
In top half of the distribution	40,625
In sixth decile	8,565
In seventh decile	7,745
In eighth decile	7,940
In ninth decile	7,620
In top decile	8,755
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,320
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.367
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.518
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.317
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	94,570
English only	83,180
French only	135
English and French	7,555
Neither English nor French	3,700
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	94,570
English	88,360
French	1,470
English and French	1,105
Neither English nor French	3,635
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	94,570
Single responses	86,735
Official languages	42,830
English	41,585
French	1,240
Non-official languages	43,910
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	43,900
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,310
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	10
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	5
Cushitic languages	300
Bilen	0
Oromo	35
Somali	265
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	3,995
Amharic	345
Arabic	3,280
Aramaic languages	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	35
Hebrew	15
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	285
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	235
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	225
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	4,225
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50
Cebuano	110
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	85
Ilocano	355
Indonesian	45
Kankanaey	10
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40
Pangasinan	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,415
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45
Creole languages	85
Haitian Creole	25
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	5
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	1,740
Kannada	40
Malayalam	180
Tamil	1,160
Telugu	350
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	24,995
Albanian	535
Armenian	860
Balto-Slavic languages	4,060
Baltic languages	90
Latvian	70
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	3,970
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	415
Czech	115
Macedonian	270
Polish	415
Russian	870
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	860
Bosnian	55
Croatian	110
Serbian	675
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20
Slovak	865
Slovene (Slovenian)	20
Ukrainian	130
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	560
Frisian	0
High German languages	420
German	405
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	95
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	2,005
Indo-Iranian languages	12,580
Indo-Aryan languages	7,860
Assamese	5
Bengali	1,170
Gujarati	1,855
Hindi	1,060
Kacchi	460
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	40
Marathi	110
Nepali	65
Oriya languages	10
Odia	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	60
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165
Urdu	2,525
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35
Iranian languages	4,715
Baluchi	10
Kurdish	235
Parsi	10
Pashto	630
Persian languages	3,800
Dari	1,880
Iranian Persian	1,525
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	395
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	4,380
Catalan	0
Italian	455
Portuguese	525
Romanian	1,205
Spanish	2,190
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10
Japanese	245
Korean	925
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	530
Akan (Twi)	55
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15
Ga	15
Ganda	30
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	25
Shona	40
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	115
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	90
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,270
Chinese languages	5,220
Hakka	35
Mandarin	2,895
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	130
Wu (Shanghainese)	50
Yue (Cantonese)	2,055
Chinese, n.o.s.	60
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	45
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30
Lao	10
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	675
Azerbaijani	65
Kazakh	0
Turkish	515
Uyghur	35
Uzbek	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15
Uralic languages	625
Estonian	95
Finnish	70
Hungarian	455
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	7,830
English and French	385
English and non-official language(s)	6,400
French and non-official language(s)	190
English, French and non-official language(s)	200
Multiple non-official languages	660
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	94,570
English	44,140
French	325
Non-official language	13,185
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	13,175
English and French	1,135
English and non-official language(s)	32,810
French and non-official language(s)	90
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,350
Multiple non-official languages	1,530
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	94,570
Single responses	85,485
Official languages	58,290
English	57,670
French	620
Non-official languages	27,190
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	27,185
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,650
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	5
Cushitic languages	145
Bilen	0
Oromo	20
Somali	125
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	2,500
Amharic	180
Arabic	2,075
Aramaic languages	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	15
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	195
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,615
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	80
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	75
Ilocano	185
Indonesian	25
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,175
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	25
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	1,190
Kannada	10
Malayalam	120
Tamil	830
Telugu	235
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	15,280
Albanian	245
Armenian	635
Balto-Slavic languages	2,490
Baltic languages	30
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	2,465
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	225
Czech	40
Macedonian	130
Polish	160
Russian	565
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	475
Bosnian	25
Croatian	25
Serbian	420
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	810
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	70
Frisian	0
High German languages	50
German	50
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	975
Indo-Iranian languages	8,390
Indo-Aryan languages	5,060
Assamese	0
Bengali	755
Gujarati	1,180
Hindi	720
Kacchi	240
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	60
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	170
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95
Urdu	1,720
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35
Iranian languages	3,325
Baluchi	10
Kurdish	165
Parsi	10
Pashto	465
Persian languages	2,680
Dari	1,355
Iranian Persian	1,025
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	300
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,475
Catalan	0
Italian	130
Portuguese	280
Romanian	640
Spanish	1,420
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	115
Korean	665
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	155
Akan (Twi)	20
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20
Ga	5
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	15
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	25
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,640
Chinese languages	3,610
Hakka	10
Mandarin	2,200
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65
Wu (Shanghainese)	40
Yue (Cantonese)	1,260
Chinese, n.o.s.	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	5
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	415
Azerbaijani	30
Kazakh	0
Turkish	330
Uyghur	20
Uzbek	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	245
Estonian	25
Finnish	15
Hungarian	210
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	9,085
English and French	305
English and non-official language(s)	8,355
French and non-official language(s)	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	180
Multiple non-official languages	185
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	94,570
None	64,890
English	10,705
French	935
Non-official language	13,250
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	13,250
English and French	185
English and non-official language(s)	2,005
French and non-official language(s)	570
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	1,995
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,335
Official languages	90,735
English	90,595
French	7,515
Non-official languages	57,740
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	57,735
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,605
Berber languages	35
Kabyle	35
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	15
Hausa	10
Mina	0
Coptic	30
Cushitic languages	420
Bilen	0
Oromo	70
Somali	370
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	6,245
Amharic	650
Arabic	5,205
Aramaic languages	60
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25
Harari	75
Hebrew	110
Maltese	25
Tigrigna	460
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	400
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	370
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15
Austronesian languages	6,055
Bikol	45
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65
Cebuano	160
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	190
Ilocano	565
Indonesian	60
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	15
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	75
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80
Pangasinan	55
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,800
Waray-Waray	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	170
Creole languages	235
Haitian Creole	45
Jamaican English Creole	40
Krio	0
Morisyen	30
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35
Dravidian languages	2,660
Kannada	155
Malayalam	235
Tamil	1,780
Telugu	700
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	33,765
Albanian	710
Armenian	845
Balto-Slavic languages	5,155
Baltic languages	140
Latvian	100
Lithuanian	40
Slavic languages	5,055
Belarusian	20
Bulgarian	545
Czech	170
Macedonian	445
Polish	550
Russian	1,580
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,055
Bosnian	185
Croatian	295
Serbian	860
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	45
Slovak	895
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	255
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	25
Irish	15
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,130
Frisian	0
High German languages	870
German	830
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	25
Yiddish	20
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	225
Afrikaans	55
Dutch	145
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25
Scandinavian languages	60
Danish	30
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	3,035
Indo-Iranian languages	18,150
Indo-Aryan languages	12,900
Assamese	15
Bengali	1,795
Gujarati	3,870
Hindi	5,250
Kacchi	1,100
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	75
Marathi	305
Nepali	85
Oriya languages	20
Odia	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	915
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	160
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	300
Urdu	5,000
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70
Iranian languages	6,010
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	400
Parsi	15
Pashto	1,115
Persian languages	5,040
Dari	2,475
Iranian Persian	2,130
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	570
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	75
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Italic (Romance) languages	6,150
Catalan	20
Italian	910
Portuguese	810
Romanian	1,410
Spanish	3,395
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15
Japanese	580
Korean	1,195
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,525
Akan (Twi)	60
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15
Ga	20
Ganda	65
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20
Lingala	190
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	15
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	40
Shona	65
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	700
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	25
Yoruba	205
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	70
American Sign Language	65
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,235
Chinese languages	6,170
Hakka	40
Mandarin	3,835
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220
Wu (Shanghainese)	110
Yue (Cantonese)	2,920
Chinese, n.o.s.	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60
Burmese	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	55
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	60
Lao	20
Thai	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	1,135
Azerbaijani	115
Kazakh	0
Turkish	920
Uyghur	30
Uzbek	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65
Uralic languages	720
Estonian	105
Finnish	80
Hungarian	530
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,330
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	555
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	510
First Nations (North American Indian)	300
Métis	220
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20
Non-Indigenous identity	93,775
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,330
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	150
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	94,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,285
Owner	16,940
Renter	21,340
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,285
Condominium	12,015
Not condominium	26,275
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,285
No bedrooms	515
1 bedroom	9,740
2 bedrooms	14,170
3 bedrooms	9,195
4 or more bedrooms	4,665
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,285
1 to 4 rooms	21,475
5 rooms	6,610
6 rooms	3,765
7 rooms	2,185
8 or more rooms	4,250
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,285
One person or fewer per room	34,770
More than one person per room	3,515
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,285
Suitable	31,570
Not suitable	6,715
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,285
1960 or before	9,215
1961 to 1980	16,640
1981 to 1990	3,825
1991 to 2000	3,360
2001 to 2005	1,670
2006 to 2010	1,355
2011 to 2015	875
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,345
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,285
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,685
Major repairs needed	2,600
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,285
One-maintainer household	21,275
Two-maintainer household	14,465
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,545
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,285
15 to 24 years	465
25 to 34 years	4,575
35 to 44 years	6,415
45 to 54 years	7,335
55 to 64 years	7,740
65 to 74 years	5,755
75 to 84 years	4,035
85 years and over	1,950
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,120
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,400
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,725
30% to less than 100%	11,280
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,285
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,930
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,225
Not suitable only	4,485
Major repairs needed only	1,250
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,620
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	740
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	470
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	140
Acceptable housing	19,355
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,680
In core need	8,805
Not in core need	27,875
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,945
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.2
% in core housing need⁶³	12.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,510
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,846
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	932,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,340
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.1
% in core housing need⁶³	32.9
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,492
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,335
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	145
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	140
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	130
Métis single ancestry	10
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	615
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	600
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	420
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	93,580
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,335
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	76,930
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,985
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	61,945
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	17,410
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,335
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	39,635
Immigrants⁸¹	50,390
Before 1980	8,555
1980 to 1990	5,165
1991 to 2000	9,750
2001 to 2010	11,795
2011 to 2021⁸²	15,125
2011 to 2015	5,740
2016 to 2021	9,385
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,310
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	50,385
Under 5 years	3,385
5 to 14 years	7,840
15 to 24 years	9,375
25 to 44 years	24,300
45 years and over	5,485
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	50,385
Americas	6,340
Brazil	150
Colombia	620
El Salvador	90
Guyana	850
Haiti	35
Jamaica	1,335
Mexico	230
Peru	90
Trinidad and Tobago	765
United States of America	760
Other places of birth in Americas	1,415
Europe	9,115
Bosnia and Herzegovina	220
Croatia	115
France	90
Germany	295
Greece	1,340
Hungary	320
Italy	260
Netherlands	85
Poland	410
Portugal	220
Romania	1,135
Russian Federation	425
Serbia⁸⁶	385
Ukraine	245
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,360
Other places of birth in Europe	2,200
Africa	4,885
Algeria	100
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	225
Egypt	510
Eritrea	300
Ethiopia	500
Morocco	120
Nigeria	270
Somalia	290
South Africa, Republic of	95
Other places of birth in Africa	2,475
Asia	29,955
Afghanistan	2,200
Iran⁸⁸	1,990
Iraq	415
Lebanon	655
Syria⁸⁹	1,430
Turkey	405
China⁹⁰	2,980
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,140
Korea, South⁹²	910
Taiwan	300
Philippines	5,690
Viet Nam	370
Bangladesh	1,185
India	4,265
Pakistan	2,485
Sri Lanka	1,130
Other places of birth in Asia	2,405
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	9,385
Americas	575
Brazil	40
Colombia	130
Haiti	0
Jamaica	125
Mexico	35
United States of America	90
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other places of birth in Americas	145
Europe	975
France	30
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	15
Russian Federation	65
Ukraine	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35
Other places of birth in Europe	795
Africa	875
Algeria	35
Burundi	0
Cameroon	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30
Côte d'Ivoire	15
Egypt	85
Eritrea	165
Ethiopia	135
Morocco	10
Nigeria	160
Somalia	25
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	70
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	120
Asia	6,940
Afghanistan	760
Bangladesh	250
China⁹⁰	385
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
India	1,570
Iran⁸⁸	280
Iraq	115
Israel	20
Japan	20
Jordan	35
Korea, South⁹²	40
Lebanon	105
Nepal	25
Pakistan	480
Philippines	1,180
Saudi Arabia	165
Sri Lanka	60
Syria⁸⁹	1,010
Turkey	105
United Arab Emirates	35
Viet Nam	15
Other places of birth in Asia	300
Oceania and other⁹³	20
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,335
First generation¹⁰⁰	55,465
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,370
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,505
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	41,835
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	19,990
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	9,020
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10,965
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10,930
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10,240
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	675
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	41,835
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	4,680
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,490
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	720
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,150
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	140
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,645
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,335
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	59,525
South Asian	17,285
Chinese	7,240
Black	9,880
Filipino	7,175
Arab	3,600
Latin American	2,290
Southeast Asian	810
West Asian	5,520
Korean	1,360
Japanese	680
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,435
Multiple visible minorities	2,260
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	34,810
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,335
Canadian	5,395
English	6,715
Irish	5,565
Scottish	5,565
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,200
German	2,575
Chinese	7,365
Italian	2,225
Indian (India)	8,850
Ukrainian	1,035
Dutch	730
Polish	1,560
Québécois	60
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,870
Filipino	6,715
French Canadian	420
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	970
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	275
Métis	205
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	890
Russian	1,090
Norwegian	190
Welsh	560
Portuguese	1,000
American	620
Spanish	1,405
Swedish	125
Hungarian	860
Acadian	105
Pakistani	2,435
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,045
Jewish	635
Punjabi	265
Vietnamese	465
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,855
Greek	3,710
Jamaican	2,140
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,450
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10
Korean	1,375
Romanian	1,480
Lebanese	785
Iranian	1,795
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	455
Danish	180
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	120
Sikh	40
Austrian	260
Belgian	70
Haitian	80
Hindu	700
Mexican	390
Mennonite	10
Swiss	95
Finnish	225
Sri Lankan	1,070
Croatian	320
Japanese	860
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,400
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	155
Muslim	1,525
Egyptian	620
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	505
Tamil	785
Icelandic	40
Colombian	615
Moroccan	95
Czech	195
Syrian	915
Guyanese	800
Afghan	2,910
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	865
Serbian	800
Ojibway	30
Newfoundlander	75
Hong Konger	300
Ontarian	120
Persian	725
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	660
Turkish	805
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	1,185
Algerian	70
Brazilian	270
Nigerian	265
Armenian	915
Slovak	715
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	195
Somali	445
Taiwanese	235
Iraqi	325
Salvadorean	110
African Caribbean	705
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	520
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	385
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	595
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	535
Lithuanian	140
South African	85
Australian	65
Palestinian	290
Chilean	105
Congolese	255
Nova Scotian	70
Ethiopian	575
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	265
Peruvian	115
Yoruba	190
Cambodian (Khmer)	65
Berber	20
Albanian	745
Maltese	110
Macedonian	575
Slovenian	60
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25
New Brunswicker	25
Gujarati	265
Eritrean	390
African Canadian	130
Israeli	60
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55
Bulgarian	625
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	120
Barbadian	330
African American	195
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100
Tunisian	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	170
Cuban	160
Bosnian	120
Venezuelan	145
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	160
Bengali	335
Cameroonian	15
Guatemalan	35
Indonesian	75
Laotian	45
Ilocano	280
Northern Irish	65
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	130
Franco Ontarian	70
Argentinian	95
Estonian	120
Kurdish	425
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35
Coptic	140
Thai	20
Dominican	75
Nepali	45
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	45
Igbo	115
Byelorussian	75
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	15
Moldovan	55
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	40
Sudanese	220
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20
Malaysian	55
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	35
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	305
Ivorian	15
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	120
Nicaraguan	85
Mauritian	40
Kenyan	90
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	130
Jordanian	110
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	25
Grenadian	220
Malayali	50
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	75
Mayan	0
Honduran	15
Cherokee	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	105
Flemish	10
United Empire Loyalist	20
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	130
Sicilian	40
Pashtun	210
Malay	85
Goan	100
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	75
Tibetan	80
Zimbabwean	60
Burmese	85
Mongolian	45
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	15
Indo-Guyanese	60
Ugandan	75
Oromo	70
Tanzanian	255
Yemeni	105
Central African	10
Libyan	25
Basque	0
Uruguayan	20
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20
Igorot	40
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	70
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	30
Telugu	85
Roma	160
Costa Rican	35
African Nova Scotian	20
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	40
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	45
Tajik	140
Amhara	135
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,330
Buddhist	1,110
Christian	45,230
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,935
Anabaptist	60
Anglican	2,305
Baptist	895
Catholic	18,735
Christian Orthodox	7,260
Jehovah's Witness	280
Latter Day Saints	80
Lutheran	465
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	235
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,055
Presbyterian	1,145
Reformed	10
United Church	1,915
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,845
Hindu	4,220
Jewish	735
Muslim	21,055
Sikh	240
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	895
No religion and secular perspectives	20,845
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,420
Non-movers	83,800
Movers	9,625
Non-migrants	7,170
Migrants	2,455
Internal migrants	1,220
Intraprovincial migrants	985
Interprovincial migrants	240
External migrants	1,230
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	89,735
Non-movers	59,420
Movers	30,310
Non-migrants	16,225
Migrants	14,085
Internal migrants	4,650
Intraprovincial migrants	3,690
Interprovincial migrants	960
External migrants	9,435
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,750
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,455
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	67,295
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,250
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,995
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,255
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,750
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,670
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,925
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,860
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,810
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,605
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,205
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,460
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,590
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,065
Bachelor's degree	18,905
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,020
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	755
Master's degree	6,640
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	750
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,255
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,545
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,055
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,775
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,040
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	740
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,550
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,800
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,925
Bachelor's degree	14,650
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,565
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	570
Master's degree	5,645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	490
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,750
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,825
Education	2,395
13. Education	2,395
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,885
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195
50. Visual and performing arts	1,690
Humanities	3,065
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	455
23. English language and literature/letters	765
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	875
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	195
54. History	360
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,490
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	835
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990
22. Legal professions and studies	1,030
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130
42. Psychology	815
45. Social sciences	2,625
Business, management and public administration	12,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	730
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,430
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,205
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,070
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	465
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50
40. Physical sciences	545
41. Science technologies/technicians	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,420
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,710
25. Library science	150
27. Mathematics and statistics	465
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,890
04. Architecture and related services	555
14. Engineering	4,060
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,395
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	765
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	845
48. Precision production	265
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	530
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	330
03. Natural resources and conservation	200
Health and related fields	6,050
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	405
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,460
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	185
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,825
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	335
49. Transportation and materials moving	215
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,200
Education	1,590
13. Education	1,590
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,380
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110
50. Visual and performing arts	1,270
Humanities	2,120
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325
23. English language and literature/letters	550
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	630
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150
39. Theology and religious vocations	120
54. History	240
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,000
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	705
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670
22. Legal professions and studies	820
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100
42. Psychology	630
45. Social sciences	2,025
Business, management and public administration	9,425
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,880
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,610
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45
40. Physical sciences	365
41. Science technologies/technicians	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,870
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,365
25. Library science	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	350
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	85
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,830
04. Architecture and related services	405
14. Engineering	3,185
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	980
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	530
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	570
48. Precision production	160
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	400
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	240
03. Natural resources and conservation	160
Health and related fields	4,495
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,075
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,335
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	935
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	250
49. Transportation and materials moving	150
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,200
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,055
Location of study inside Canada	21,100
Same as province or territory of residence	19,710
Different than province or territory of residence	1,385
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	14,955
Americas	1,885
United States of America	915
Mexico	105
Cuba	45
Haiti	0
Jamaica	95
Brazil	125
Colombia	275
Peru	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	35
Other locations of study in Americas	270
Europe	2,725
Belgium	25
France	105
Germany	55
Netherlands	45
Switzerland	0
Hungary	65
Moldova¹⁸³	40
Poland	125
Romania	545
Russian Federation	195
Ukraine	130
Ireland⁹⁶	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	570
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60
Italy	35
Serbia⁸⁶	120
Other locations of study in Europe	580
Africa	730
Nigeria	155
Algeria	0
Morocco	20
Tunisia	0
Egypt	170
South Africa, Republic of	35
Other locations of study in Africa	350
Asia	9,465
Iran⁸⁸	545
Iraq	65
Israel	20
Lebanon	160
Syria⁸⁹	205
Turkey	75
China⁹⁰	1,005
Taiwan	45
Hong Kong⁹¹	35
Japan	105
Korea, South⁹²	275
Philippines	2,230
Viet Nam	15
Bangladesh	500
Sri Lanka	120
India	2,450
Pakistan	930
Other locations of study in Asia	675
Oceania	140
Australia	125
New Zealand	20
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,750
In the labour force	47,805
Employed	40,605
Unemployed	7,200
Not in the labour force	31,950
Participation rate	59.9
Employment rate	50.9
Unemployment rate	15.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,750
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,640
Worked	46,105
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,125
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,985
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	47,800
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,150
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	45,655
Employee	38,730
Permanent position	32,395
Temporary position	6,330
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,430
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,905
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,930
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	47,800
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,150
All occupations¹⁹¹	45,655
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	590
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,800
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,310
3 Health occupations	3,320
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,870
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,700
6 Sales and service occupations	12,120
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,195
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	285
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,460
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	47,800
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,150
All industries¹⁹¹	45,655
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	40
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	55
22 Utilities	130
23 Construction	2,685
31-33 Manufacturing	2,625
41 Wholesale trade	1,420
44-45 Retail trade	5,275
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,705
51 Information and cultural industries	1,720
52 Finance and insurance	3,745
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,530
55 Management of companies and enterprises	315
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,075
61 Educational services	2,960
62 Health care and social assistance	5,390
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	690
72 Accommodation and food services	2,200
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,970
91 Public administration	1,665
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	50,115
English	45,795
French	125
Non-official language	485
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	485
English and French	940
English and non-official language(s)	2,630
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80
Multiple non-official languages	60
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	50,115
Single responses	49,415
Official languages	48,390
English	48,105
French	285
Non-official languages	1,030
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,030
Afro-Asiatic languages	70
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	70
Amharic	15
Arabic	45
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	55
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	20
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	15
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	360
Albanian	20
Armenian	20
Balto-Slavic languages	40
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	40
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	30
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	10
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	170
Indo-Aryan languages	70
Bengali	20
Gujarati	10
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	100
Kurdish	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	95
Dari	45
Iranian Persian	45
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	20
Romanian	0
Spanish	70
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	110
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	345
Chinese languages	345
Hakka	0
Mandarin	250
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	700
English and French	200
English and non-official language(s)	480
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	50,115
None	47,010
English	585
French	585
Non-official language	1,530
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,530
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	60
French and non-official language(s)	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	285
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	40,600
Worked at home	13,560
Worked outside Canada	240
No fixed workplace address	5,135
Usual place of work	21,675
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,670
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,065
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,565
Commute to a different province or territory	45
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	26,805
Car, truck or van	17,955
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,810
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,145
Public transit	6,730
Walked	1,100
Bicycle	195
Other method	825
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	26,805
Less than 15 minutes	4,170
15 to 29 minutes	8,680
30 to 44 minutes	7,250
45 to 59 minutes	3,105
60 minutes and over	3,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	26,805
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,390
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,560
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,675
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,060
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,030
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,085
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,020
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,855
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,165
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,175
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,485
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,020
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	470
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,690

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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