Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Edmonton ManningMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	132,224	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	121,048	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	49,900	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	47,358	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	841.8	...	...	841.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	157.08	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	132,225	65,340	66,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	26,830	13,650	13,175	20.3	20.9	19.7
0 to 4 years	8,875	4,565	4,310	6.7	7.0	6.4
5 to 9 years	9,240	4,700	4,545	7.0	7.2	6.8
10 to 14 years	8,710	4,390	4,320	6.6	6.7	6.5
15 to 64 years	88,420	43,860	44,565	66.9	67.1	66.6
15 to 19 years	7,775	4,035	3,740	5.9	6.2	5.6
20 to 24 years	8,585	4,410	4,175	6.5	6.7	6.2
25 to 29 years	9,350	4,705	4,645	7.1	7.2	6.9
30 to 34 years	10,710	5,190	5,520	8.1	7.9	8.3
35 to 39 years	10,785	5,330	5,450	8.2	8.2	8.1
40 to 44 years	9,265	4,600	4,665	7.0	7.0	7.0
45 to 49 years	8,015	3,865	4,155	6.1	5.9	6.2
50 to 54 years	7,900	3,890	4,010	6.0	6.0	6.0
55 to 59 years	8,230	4,020	4,210	6.2	6.2	6.3
60 to 64 years	7,805	3,815	3,995	5.9	5.8	6.0
65 years and over	16,975	7,825	9,150	12.8	12.0	13.7
65 to 69 years	6,225	2,920	3,300	4.7	4.5	4.9
70 to 74 years	4,540	2,170	2,370	3.4	3.3	3.5
75 to 79 years	2,800	1,275	1,525	2.1	2.0	2.3
80 to 84 years	1,830	830	1,000	1.4	1.3	1.5
85 years and over	1,585	630	950	1.2	1.0	1.4
85 to 89 years	1,075	435	640	0.8	0.7	1.0
90 to 94 years	410	165	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
95 to 99 years	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.3	20.9	19.7	20.3	20.9	19.7
15 to 64 years	66.9	67.1	66.6	66.9	67.1	66.6
65 years and over	12.8	12.0	13.7	12.8	12.0	13.7
85 years and over	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Average age of the population	37.4	36.7	38.1	37.4	36.7	38.1
Median age of the population	36.4	35.6	36.8	36.4	35.6	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,295	...	...	53.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,435	...	...	7.3	...	...
Row house	6,800	...	...	14.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,470	...	...	22.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	435	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	660	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,820	...	...	22.8	...	...
2 persons	14,560	...	...	30.7	...	...
3 persons	8,050	...	...	17.0	...	...
4 persons	7,585	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	6,340	...	...	13.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	130,840	64,530	66,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	105,395	51,685	53,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,675	29,340	29,330	55.7	56.8	54.6
Married	49,985	24,985	25,005	47.4	48.3	46.6
Living common-law	8,685	4,360	4,325	8.2	8.4	8.1
Living common law - Never married	6,590	3,320	3,270	6.3	6.4	6.1
Living common law - Separated	350	190	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,595	800	795	1.5	1.5	1.5
Living common law - Widowed	150	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	46,725	22,345	24,385	44.3	43.2	45.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,955	17,920	15,030	31.3	34.7	28.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,810	1,100	1,705	2.7	2.1	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,455	2,355	4,100	6.1	4.6	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,510	965	3,545	4.3	1.9	6.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,545	...	...	43.7	...	...
3 persons	8,035	...	...	22.6	...	...
4 persons	7,575	...	...	21.3	...	...
5 or more persons	4,440	...	...	12.5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,460	...	...	80.0	...	...
Married couples	24,120	...	...	67.8	...	...
With children⁶	15,095	...	...	42.4	...	...
Without children	9,025	...	...	25.4	...	...
Common-law couples	4,345	...	...	12.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,830	...	...	5.1	...	...
Without children	2,515	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,135	...	...	20.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,700	...	...	16.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,430	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	130,840	64,530	66,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	110,065	54,130	55,935	84.1	83.9	84.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,920	28,445	28,475	43.5	44.1	42.9
Parents in one-parent families	7,130	1,430	5,705	5.4	2.2	8.6
Children⁶	46,010	24,260	21,755	35.2	37.6	32.8
In a two-parent family	33,955	17,850	16,105	26.0	27.7	24.3
In a one-parent family	12,060	6,410	5,655	9.2	9.9	8.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,770	10,395	10,375	15.9	16.1	15.6
Living alone	10,820	5,135	5,685	8.3	8.0	8.6
Living with other relatives⁷	4,665	2,065	2,600	3.6	3.2	3.9
Living with non-relatives only	5,290	3,200	2,090	4.0	5.0	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,290	...	...	61.8	...	...
Couple-family households	24,155	...	...	51.0	...	...
With children⁶	14,345	...	...	30.3	...	...
Without children	9,810	...	...	20.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,140	...	...	10.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,155	...	...	4.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	360	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,205	...	...	4.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,520	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	10,815	...	...	22.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	104,050	50,905	53,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,625	48,170	50,450	94.8	94.6	94.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,000	38,400	43,200	50,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,640	48,185	50,460	94.8	94.7	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,000	35,200	39,200	44,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,090	43,310	42,780	82.7	85.1	80.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	47,600	30,800	38,800	47,600	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,915	37,425	35,495	70.1	73.5	66.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,000	35,200	42,400	50,000	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,655	42,580	46,075	85.2	83.6	86.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	7,500	10,800	9,200	7,500	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,665	7,090	6,575	13.1	13.9	12.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,920	5,920	5,920	5,920	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,690	16,400	17,290	32.4	32.2	32.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,500	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	104,045	50,920	53,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,560	48,155	50,405	94.7	94.6	94.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,250	58,850	43,960	51,250	58,850	43,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,595	48,165	50,425	94.8	94.6	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,960	49,360	38,800	43,960	49,360	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,175	43,395	42,780	82.8	85.2	80.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,920	55,500	38,240	46,920	55,500	38,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,915	37,485	35,435	70.1	73.6	66.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,600	56,100	40,640	48,600	56,100	40,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,495	42,560	45,935	85.1	83.6	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,370	9,990	12,650	11,370	9,990	12,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,775	7,100	6,675	13.2	13.9	12.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,270	7,090	7,460	7,270	7,090	7,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,300	16,255	17,045	32.0	31.9	32.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,230	9,370	9,300	9,230	9,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	104,045	50,920	53,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,330	18,355	14,970	32.0	36.0	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	72,500	59,600	65,500	72,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,600	78,500	63,150	71,600	78,500	63,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,225	13,940	15,280	28.1	27.4	28.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	27,200	18,000	22,000	27,200	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,160	37,520	25,380	31,160	37,520	25,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	85.0	73.8	80.0	85.0	73.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.2	74.2	65.0	70.2	74.2	65.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.9	15.0	26.2	19.9	15.0	26.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.3	2.0	1.8	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	5.7	8.3	6.9	5.7	8.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1	5.3	7.2	6.1	5.3	7.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	104,045	50,900	53,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	5,420	2,730	2,695	5.2	5.4	5.1
With total income	98,620	48,175	50,450	94.8	94.6	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,925	3,290	4,635	8.0	6.8	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,510	3,920	5,585	9.6	8.1	11.1
$20,000 to $29,999	15,765	6,865	8,900	16.0	14.3	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	12,335	5,115	7,220	12.5	10.6	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,170	4,895	6,275	11.3	10.2	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,425	4,370	5,055	9.6	9.1	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	8,165	4,085	4,085	8.3	8.5	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	6,640	3,850	2,790	6.7	8.0	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,760	2,880	1,885	4.8	6.0	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,765	2,355	1,410	3.8	4.9	2.8
$100,000 and over	9,155	6,545	2,605	9.3	13.6	5.2
$100,000 to $149,999	7,045	4,840	2,210	7.1	10.0	4.4
$150,000 and over	2,105	1,710	395	2.1	3.5	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	104,045	50,900	53,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,405	2,715	2,690	5.2	5.3	5.1
With after-tax income	98,645	48,185	50,460	94.8	94.7	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,105	3,350	4,760	8.2	7.0	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,895	4,095	5,805	10.0	8.5	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	17,835	7,730	10,100	18.1	16.0	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,715	6,395	8,325	14.9	13.3	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	13,120	6,015	7,105	13.3	12.5	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	11,005	5,485	5,525	11.2	11.4	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	8,370	4,765	3,600	8.5	9.9	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	5,635	3,465	2,165	5.7	7.2	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,705	2,290	1,420	3.8	4.8	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,300	1,530	775	2.3	3.2	1.5
$100,000 and over	3,955	3,060	890	4.0	6.4	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,440	1,840	600	2.5	3.8	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,510	1,220	295	1.5	2.5	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	104,045	50,900	53,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	31,130	13,480	17,655	29.9	26.5	33.2
With employment income	72,920	37,425	35,495	70.1	73.5	66.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,195	3,820	4,375	11.2	10.2	12.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,715	2,365	3,345	7.8	6.3	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,115	3,455	4,660	11.1	9.2	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,475	2,915	3,560	8.9	7.8	10.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,510	2,990	3,515	8.9	8.0	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,445	3,100	3,340	8.8	8.3	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,595	3,155	3,445	9.0	8.4	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,935	3,070	2,865	8.1	8.2	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,925	2,980	1,945	6.8	8.0	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,720	2,340	1,385	5.1	6.3	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,060	1,920	1,140	4.2	5.1	3.2
$100,000 and over	7,235	5,320	1,910	9.9	14.2	5.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,090	2,765	1,320	5.6	7.4	3.7
$125,000 and over	3,145	2,560	590	4.3	6.8	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	104,050	50,905	53,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,575	47,075	49,500	92.8	92.5	93.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,800	36,000	42,400	50,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,610	47,085	49,530	92.8	92.5	93.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,800	33,200	38,400	44,800	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,470	43,055	42,415	82.1	84.6	79.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,800	34,400	42,000	50,800	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,725	37,930	35,795	70.9	74.5	67.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,800	37,600	44,800	52,800	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,750	40,675	44,080	81.5	79.9	82.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,140	1,040	4,720	2,140	1,040	4,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,385	4,990	4,390	9.0	9.8	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,240	5,840	6,800	6,240	5,840	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	104,045	50,920	53,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,575	47,155	49,420	92.8	92.6	93.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	58,900	42,320	50,400	58,900	42,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,605	47,155	49,450	92.8	92.6	93.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,760	37,120	42,800	48,760	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,535	43,230	42,305	82.2	84.9	79.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,840	58,800	40,680	49,840	58,800	40,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,760	38,055	35,705	70.9	74.7	67.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,300	59,300	42,840	51,300	59,300	42,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,720	40,760	43,955	81.4	80.0	82.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170	5,795	8,440	7,170	5,795	8,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,165	4,950	4,215	8.8	9.7	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	6,680	8,690	7,600	6,680	8,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	104,045	50,920	53,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,200	18,305	14,895	31.9	35.9	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	71,500	57,600	64,000	71,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,800	77,000	61,000	69,800	77,000	61,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,810	13,360	14,450	26.7	26.2	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,600	38,800	26,800	31,600	38,800	26,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,520	47,640	32,000	39,520	47,640	32,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	91.4	82.2	87.6	91.4	82.2
Employment income (%)	77.8	81.2	73.2	77.8	81.2	73.2
Government transfers (%)	12.5	8.5	17.7	12.5	8.5	17.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.8	1.4	1.2	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	52,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	36,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...	106,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,500	...	...	91,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,000	...	...	57,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,320	...	...	48,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	36,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,400	...	...	121,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,400	...	...	104,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	380	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	400	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,125	...	...	2.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,215	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,010	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,295	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,555	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,545	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,280	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,450	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,455	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,170	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,125	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,920	...	...	46.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,685	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,050	...	...	10.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,125	...	...	12.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,060	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	400	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	425	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,185	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,360	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,215	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,585	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,880	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,860	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,045	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,225	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,025	...	...	8.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,730	...	...	7.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,435	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,545	...	...	37.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,875	...	...	14.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,655	...	...	9.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,015	...	...	12.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,105	8,330	7,775	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	52,800	43,600	48,000	52,800	43,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	45,600	39,200	42,400	45,600	39,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	34,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,200	...	...	120,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...	103,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,200	...	...	110,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,400	...	...	93,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,400	...	...	140,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,200	...	...	120,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,700	...	...	81,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,240	8,385	7,855	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,050	57,050	48,760	53,050	57,050	48,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,280	48,000	42,320	45,280	48,000	42,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	130,835	64,530	66,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	31,535	16,100	15,435	24.1	24.9	23.3
0 to 5 years	10,800	5,540	5,260	8.3	8.6	7.9
18 to 64 years	83,020	40,875	42,145	63.5	63.3	63.6
65 years and over	16,280	7,555	8,725	12.4	11.7	13.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,385	5,750	6,640	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,665	2,420	2,245	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,770	900	865	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,320	2,830	3,490	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,400	500	905	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.5	8.9	10.0	9.5	8.9	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.8	15.0	14.5	14.8	15.0	14.5
0 to 5 years (%)	16.4	16.3	16.5	16.4	16.3	16.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	6.9	8.3	7.6	6.9	8.3
65 years and over (%)	8.6	6.6	10.3	8.6	6.6	10.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	130,840	64,530	66,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	31,540	16,100	15,440	24.1	24.9	23.3
0 to 5 years	10,795	5,535	5,255	8.3	8.6	7.9
18 to 64 years	83,020	40,875	42,145	63.5	63.3	63.6
65 years and over	16,280	7,555	8,725	12.4	11.7	13.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,950	3,380	3,570	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,340	1,205	1,135	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	860	425	435	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,245	2,035	2,210	...	...	...
65 years and over	365	145	225	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3	5.2	5.4	5.3	5.2	5.4
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.5	7.4	7.4	7.5	7.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	7.7	8.3	8.0	7.7	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.2
65 years and over (%)	2.3	1.9	2.6	2.3	1.9	2.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	130,835	64,530	66,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	64,175	30,660	33,510	49.1	47.5	50.5
In bottom decile	10,820	5,170	5,650	8.3	8.0	8.5
In second decile	13,250	6,135	7,110	10.1	9.5	10.7
In third decile	12,865	6,120	6,740	9.8	9.5	10.2
In fourth decile	13,585	6,555	7,030	10.4	10.2	10.6
In fifth decile	13,660	6,680	6,985	10.4	10.4	10.5
In top half of the distribution	66,665	33,870	32,795	51.0	52.5	49.5
In sixth decile	13,995	6,950	7,040	10.7	10.8	10.6
In seventh decile	14,465	7,355	7,115	11.1	11.4	10.7
In eighth decile	14,510	7,340	7,170	11.1	11.4	10.8
In ninth decile	14,035	7,155	6,880	10.7	11.1	10.4
In top decile	9,665	5,070	4,595	7.4	7.9	6.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	130,840	...	...	130,840	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.288	...	...	0.288	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.408	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	...	...	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	131,250	64,720	66,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	120,460	59,880	60,585	91.8	92.5	91.1
French only	225	95	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	6,855	3,255	3,595	5.2	5.0	5.4
Neither English nor French	3,705	1,485	2,220	2.8	2.3	3.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	131,250	64,720	66,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	124,500	61,695	62,800	94.9	95.3	94.4
French	2,345	1,195	1,150	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and French	780	390	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Neither English nor French	3,625	1,440	2,185	2.8	2.2	3.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	131,250	64,720	66,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	123,725	61,110	62,610	94.3	94.4	94.1
Official languages	82,330	41,485	40,840	62.7	64.1	61.4
English	80,270	40,440	39,830	61.2	62.5	59.9
French	2,060	1,050	1,015	1.6	1.6	1.5
Non-official languages	41,395	19,625	21,770	31.5	30.3	32.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	205	60	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	170	55	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	155	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	155	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	41,195	19,565	21,630	31.4	30.2	32.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,935	4,360	4,575	6.8	6.7	6.9
Berber languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	2,665	1,220	1,445	2.0	1.9	2.2
Bilen	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oromo	250	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	2,340	1,055	1,285	1.8	1.6	1.9
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	6,240	3,125	3,115	4.8	4.8	4.7
Amharic	610	260	350	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arabic	4,805	2,450	2,355	3.7	3.8	3.5
Aramaic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	765	390	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,340	1,070	1,270	1.8	1.7	1.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	2,155	985	1,170	1.6	1.5	1.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,230	1,875	2,360	3.2	2.9	3.5
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	215	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,545	1,580	1,970	2.7	2.4	3.0
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	245	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	685	365	320	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	575	305	270	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamil	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,810	8,025	8,785	12.8	12.4	13.2
Albanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,795	1,735	2,060	2.9	2.7	3.1
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,780	1,725	2,050	2.9	2.7	3.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,250	580	670	1.0	0.9	1.0
Russian	260	100	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	830	415	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bosnian	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	295	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	1,230	535	695	0.9	0.8	1.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	830	375	460	0.6	0.6	0.7
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	425	175	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
German	415	170	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	6,760	3,360	3,400	5.2	5.2	5.1
Indo-Aryan languages	5,990	2,975	3,020	4.6	4.6	4.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindi	1,060	510	550	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kacchi	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,810	1,905	1,905	2.9	2.9	2.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	490	245	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	760	385	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	310	170	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	330	155	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dari	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,310	2,490	2,820	4.0	3.8	4.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	920	430	485	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	1,195	560	635	0.9	0.9	1.0
Romanian	280	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,920	1,375	1,545	2.2	2.1	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,645	800	840	1.3	1.2	1.3
Akan (Twi)	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gikuyu	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	320	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	285	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	195	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	195	100	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dinka	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuer	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,435	2,525	2,905	4.1	3.9	4.4
Chinese languages	5,395	2,515	2,885	4.1	3.9	4.3
Hakka	185	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	1,050	460	590	0.8	0.7	0.9
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	205	95	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	3,870	1,820	2,050	2.9	2.8	3.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,520	3,610	3,915	5.7	5.6	5.9
English and French	500	235	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	6,110	2,920	3,185	4.7	4.5	4.8
French and non-official language(s)	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	545	265	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	131,250	64,720	66,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	82,490	41,315	41,175	62.8	63.8	61.9
French	615	310	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	12,145	5,690	6,450	9.3	8.8	9.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,125	5,685	6,440	9.2	8.8	9.7
English and French	1,215	595	625	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	32,300	15,650	16,655	24.6	24.2	25.0
French and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,010	495	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	1,330	590	735	1.0	0.9	1.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	131,250	64,720	66,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	122,910	60,670	62,240	93.6	93.7	93.6
Official languages	98,115	48,825	49,295	74.8	75.4	74.1
English	97,130	48,315	48,815	74.0	74.7	73.4
French	985	510	480	0.8	0.8	0.7
Non-official languages	24,795	11,845	12,945	18.9	18.3	19.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,750	11,830	12,915	18.9	18.3	19.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,475	2,615	2,860	4.2	4.0	4.3
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,725	770	955	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bilen	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	180	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	1,495	665	835	1.1	1.0	1.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,735	1,840	1,900	2.8	2.8	2.9
Amharic	370	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arabic	2,820	1,405	1,410	2.1	2.2	2.1
Aramaic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	500	245	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,575	715	860	1.2	1.1	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,475	665	810	1.1	1.0	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,575	1,220	1,350	2.0	1.9	2.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,225	1,070	1,155	1.7	1.7	1.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	520	265	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	465	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,430	4,605	4,825	7.2	7.1	7.3
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,710	815	895	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,700	810	885	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	635	300	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	160	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	405	195	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	415	205	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,040	2,525	2,515	3.8	3.9	3.8
Indo-Aryan languages	4,540	2,285	2,260	3.5	3.5	3.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	635	320	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kacchi	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,200	1,625	1,580	2.4	2.5	2.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Urdu	330	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	495	240	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	195	100	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,565	1,205	1,355	2.0	1.9	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	420	205	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,740	825	915	1.3	1.3	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	700	320	380	0.5	0.5	0.6
Akan (Twi)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,875	1,780	2,090	3.0	2.8	3.1
Chinese languages	3,850	1,775	2,075	2.9	2.7	3.1
Hakka	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	760	355	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,835	1,300	1,540	2.2	2.0	2.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,335	4,050	4,285	6.4	6.3	6.4
English and French	330	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	7,610	3,675	3,935	5.8	5.7	5.9
French and non-official language(s)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	131,245	64,720	66,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	102,285	50,750	51,535	77.9	78.4	77.5
English	10,175	5,020	5,160	7.8	7.8	7.8
French	895	410	485	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	14,505	6,910	7,595	11.1	10.7	11.4
Indigenous³⁹	190	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	14,315	6,835	7,480	10.9	10.6	11.2
English and French	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,430	700	730	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,400	665	735	1.1	1.0	1.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	130,840	64,530	66,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	127,090	63,055	64,035	97.1	97.7	96.6
English	126,845	62,935	63,910	96.9	97.5	96.4
French	6,885	3,270	3,610	5.3	5.1	5.4
Non-official languages	56,625	27,165	29,460	43.3	42.1	44.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	375	125	250	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algonquian languages	330	110	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	310	105	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	310	105	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	110	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	56,280	27,055	29,235	43.0	41.9	44.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,035	6,525	6,510	10.0	10.1	9.8
Berber languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	3,810	1,780	2,035	2.9	2.8	3.1
Bilen	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	440	215	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	3,360	1,560	1,800	2.6	2.4	2.7
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	9,590	4,930	4,660	7.3	7.6	7.0
Amharic	1,185	580	605	0.9	0.9	0.9
Arabic	7,690	4,005	3,685	5.9	6.2	5.6
Aramaic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hebrew	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,210	600	610	0.9	0.9	0.9
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,235	1,470	1,765	2.5	2.3	2.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	2,980	1,350	1,630	2.3	2.1	2.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	6,120	2,725	3,400	4.7	4.2	5.1
Bikol	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	425	190	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Fijian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	385	140	245	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indonesian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	230	95	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,615	2,505	3,115	4.3	3.9	4.7
Waray-Waray	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	525	260	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morisyen	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	915	475	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kannada	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	715	355	365	0.5	0.6	0.6
Tamil	160	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	22,600	10,870	11,730	17.3	16.8	17.7
Albanian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,950	2,310	2,640	3.8	3.6	4.0
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,940	2,300	2,640	3.8	3.6	4.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	1,635	800	835	1.2	1.2	1.3
Russian	825	390	430	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,170	540	630	0.9	0.8	1.0
Bosnian	340	155	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Croatian	540	255	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	495	225	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	1,895	860	1,040	1.4	1.3	1.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,350	635	720	1.0	1.0	1.1
Frisian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	835	400	430	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	820	395	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	465	210	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	415	185	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	8,990	4,485	4,505	6.9	7.0	6.8
Indo-Aryan languages	8,130	4,060	4,070	6.2	6.3	6.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	615	300	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindi	3,485	1,745	1,735	2.7	2.7	2.6
Kacchi	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,515	2,270	2,240	3.5	3.5	3.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	950	465	480	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	915	445	465	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	480	245	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	335	155	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,605	3,580	4,025	5.8	5.5	6.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,500	680	815	1.1	1.1	1.2
Portuguese	1,650	800	850	1.3	1.2	1.3
Romanian	335	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Spanish	4,350	2,050	2,305	3.3	3.2	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	205	95	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,805	1,870	1,930	2.9	2.9	2.9
Akan (Twi)	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bamanankan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Éwé	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gikuyu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	545	280	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lingala	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	285	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Soninke	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	1,100	565	535	0.8	0.9	0.8
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	705	350	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	610	280	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dinka	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuer	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,055	3,355	3,700	5.4	5.2	5.6
Chinese languages	7,005	3,335	3,675	5.4	5.2	5.5
Hakka	345	160	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mandarin	3,095	1,405	1,690	2.4	2.2	2.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5,290	2,545	2,750	4.0	3.9	4.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkic languages	235	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	190	100	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	130,840	64,525	66,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,950	3,710	4,245	6.1	5.7	6.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,675	3,605	4,080	5.9	5.6	6.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,615	1,610	2,005	2.8	2.5	3.0
Métis	3,940	1,915	2,025	3.0	3.0	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	165	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	122,885	60,820	62,065	93.9	94.3	93.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	130,840	64,525	66,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,000	1,230	1,765	2.3	1.9	2.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	127,840	63,300	64,540	97.7	98.1	97.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,105	...	...	72.0	...	...
Renter	13,250	...	...	28.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	12,850	...	...	27.1	...	...
Not condominium	34,510	...	...	72.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,645	...	...	7.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,730	...	...	20.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,380	...	...	40.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,450	...	...	30.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,995	...	...	27.4	...	...
5 rooms	8,550	...	...	18.1	...	...
6 rooms	7,665	...	...	16.2	...	...
7 rooms	6,305	...	...	13.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,840	...	...	25.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,195	...	...	95.4	...	...
More than one person per room	2,160	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,830	...	...	92.5	...	...
Not suitable	3,525	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,000	...	...	2.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,045	...	...	23.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,860	...	...	14.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,805	...	...	14.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,995	...	...	12.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,245	...	...	11.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,060	...	...	10.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,335	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,515	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,845	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,015	...	...	48.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,845	...	...	44.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,500	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,275	...	...	2.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,785	...	...	16.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,420	...	...	22.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,995	...	...	19.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,265	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,145	...	...	13.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,685	...	...	5.7	...	...
85 years and over	800	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,820	...	...	78.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,360	...	...	22.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,645	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,470	...	...	30.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,250	...	...	19.5	...	...
Not suitable only	2,775	...	...	5.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,200	...	...	2.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	605	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	500	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,885	...	...	69.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,775	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	41,690	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,080	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.2	...	...	67.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.4	...	...	17.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,644	...	...	1,644	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	356,000	...	...	356,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	360,800	...	...	360,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,250	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.8	...	...	33.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	...	...	23.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,364	...	...	1,364	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	130,835	64,530	66,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,060	1,335	1,720	2.3	2.1	2.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,895	1,275	1,620	2.2	2.0	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,015	835	1,185	1.5	1.3	1.8
Métis single ancestry	840	410	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	145	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,655	2,700	2,950	4.3	4.2	4.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,495	2,635	2,865	4.2	4.1	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,330	1,555	1,775	2.5	2.4	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,100	1,025	1,075	1.6	1.6	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	55	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	122,125	60,490	61,635	93.3	93.7	92.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	130,835	64,530	66,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	116,570	57,805	58,760	89.1	89.6	88.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	29,320	14,985	14,340	22.4	23.2	21.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	87,245	42,825	44,420	66.7	66.4	67.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	14,275	6,725	7,545	10.9	10.4	11.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	130,835	64,530	66,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	84,620	42,525	42,090	64.7	65.9	63.5
Immigrants⁸¹	44,540	21,105	23,440	34.0	32.7	35.4
Before 1980	5,685	2,780	2,905	4.3	4.3	4.4
1980 to 1990	6,115	3,055	3,060	4.7	4.7	4.6
1991 to 2000	7,030	3,210	3,825	5.4	5.0	5.8
2001 to 2010	9,730	4,520	5,210	7.4	7.0	7.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	15,985	7,545	8,435	12.2	11.7	12.7
2011 to 2015	8,055	3,830	4,225	6.2	5.9	6.4
2016 to 2021	7,930	3,715	4,210	6.1	5.8	6.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,680	895	780	1.3	1.4	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	44,545	21,105	23,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,875	1,900	1,975	8.7	9.0	8.4
5 to 14 years	7,605	3,780	3,830	17.1	17.9	16.3
15 to 24 years	10,370	4,625	5,745	23.3	21.9	24.5
25 to 44 years	18,820	9,025	9,790	42.2	42.8	41.8
45 years and over	3,875	1,775	2,095	8.7	8.4	8.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	44,545	21,105	23,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,640	2,150	2,485	10.4	10.2	10.6
Brazil	135	35	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
Colombia	475	245	230	1.1	1.2	1.0
El Salvador	730	310	425	1.6	1.5	1.8
Guyana	195	85	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haiti	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaica	800	395	410	1.8	1.9	1.7
Mexico	285	150	130	0.6	0.7	0.6
Peru	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	235	95	145	0.5	0.5	0.6
United States of America	635	285	350	1.4	1.4	1.5
Other places of birth in Americas	1,020	490	530	2.3	2.3	2.3
Europe	6,945	3,290	3,655	15.6	15.6	15.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	430	200	235	1.0	0.9	1.0
Croatia	245	120	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
France	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Germany	290	125	165	0.7	0.6	0.7
Greece	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	110	55	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italy	730	320	410	1.6	1.5	1.7
Netherlands	370	175	195	0.8	0.8	0.8
Poland	1,120	540	585	2.5	2.6	2.5
Portugal	825	400	430	1.9	1.9	1.8
Romania	255	120	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian Federation	145	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	605	275	330	1.4	1.3	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,030	500	525	2.3	2.4	2.2
Other places of birth in Europe	530	280	255	1.2	1.3	1.1
Africa	9,725	4,700	5,025	21.8	22.3	21.4
Algeria	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	465	255	210	1.0	1.2	0.9
Egypt	160	90	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Eritrea	770	425	350	1.7	2.0	1.5
Ethiopia	1,170	505	660	2.6	2.4	2.8
Morocco	120	45	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	1,175	590	585	2.6	2.8	2.5
Somalia	1,720	810	905	3.9	3.8	3.9
South Africa, Republic of	155	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	3,965	1,870	2,090	8.9	8.9	8.9
Asia	22,185	10,485	11,700	49.8	49.7	49.9
Afghanistan	285	130	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	90	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Iraq	535	305	230	1.2	1.4	1.0
Lebanon	1,515	775	735	3.4	3.7	3.1
Syria⁸⁹	1,090	605	490	2.4	2.9	2.1
Turkey	130	55	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	2,150	925	1,220	4.8	4.4	5.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	690	370	320	1.5	1.8	1.4
Korea, South⁹²	170	75	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Taiwan	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	5,610	2,455	3,155	12.6	11.6	13.5
Viet Nam	2,665	1,225	1,445	6.0	5.8	6.2
Bangladesh	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
India	3,845	1,940	1,905	8.6	9.2	8.1
Pakistan	605	285	320	1.4	1.4	1.4
Sri Lanka	160	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	2,505	1,135	1,370	5.6	5.4	5.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,050	475	570	2.4	2.3	2.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,925	3,720	4,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	925	405	520	11.7	10.9	12.4
Brazil	45	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.6
Colombia	40	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Haiti	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Jamaica	270	125	145	3.4	3.4	3.4
Mexico	120	65	55	1.5	1.7	1.3
United States of America	180	80	100	2.3	2.2	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other places of birth in Americas	240	80	160	3.0	2.2	3.8
Europe	510	280	225	6.4	7.5	5.3
France	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Germany	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Ukraine	110	55	55	1.4	1.5	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	30	35	0.9	0.8	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	250	140	115	3.2	3.8	2.7
Africa	2,245	1,055	1,195	28.3	28.4	28.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	95	40	50	1.2	1.1	1.2
Cameroon	60	30	35	0.8	0.8	0.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	135	90	45	1.7	2.4	1.1
Côte d'Ivoire	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Egypt	45	10	30	0.6	0.3	0.7
Eritrea	235	90	145	3.0	2.4	3.4
Ethiopia	260	115	145	3.3	3.1	3.4
Morocco	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Nigeria	440	205	230	5.6	5.5	5.5
Somalia	345	190	150	4.4	5.1	3.6
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sudan⁹⁷	35	25	15	0.4	0.7	0.4
Tunisia	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	515	230	285	6.5	6.2	6.8
Asia	4,205	1,965	2,245	53.1	52.8	53.3
Afghanistan	55	20	35	0.7	0.5	0.8
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
China⁹⁰	115	45	70	1.5	1.2	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
India	1,005	510	490	12.7	13.7	11.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	85	35	55	1.1	0.9	1.3
Israel	35	10	25	0.4	0.3	0.6
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	80	50	30	1.0	1.3	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Lebanon	110	30	75	1.4	0.8	1.8
Nepal	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Pakistan	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Philippines	1,420	630	790	17.9	16.9	18.8
Saudi Arabia	50	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sri Lanka	25	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	800	445	355	10.1	12.0	8.4
Turkey	35	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
United Arab Emirates	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	140	40	105	1.8	1.1	2.5
Other places of birth in Asia	120	25	95	1.5	0.7	2.3
Oceania and other⁹³	45	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.6
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	45	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.6
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	130,840	64,530	66,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	47,355	22,550	24,810	36.2	34.9	37.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	32,700	16,560	16,145	25.0	25.7	24.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	50,780	25,420	25,355	38.8	39.4	38.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	38,860	18,325	20,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	14,290	7,195	7,100	36.8	39.3	34.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,740	3,530	2,215	14.8	19.3	10.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,555	3,665	4,890	22.0	20.0	23.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	13,255	5,210	8,050	34.1	28.4	39.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10,905	5,725	5,170	28.1	31.2	25.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	405	200	210	1.0	1.1	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	38,860	18,325	20,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,120	1,220	900	5.5	6.7	4.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,835	1,790	2,050	9.9	9.8	10.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	660	295	360	1.7	1.6	1.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,265	700	565	3.3	3.8	2.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	190	65	130	0.5	0.4	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,785	14,255	16,525	79.2	77.8	80.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	130,840	64,525	66,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	61,525	30,255	31,275	47.0	46.9	47.2
South Asian	9,785	4,935	4,850	7.5	7.6	7.3
Chinese	7,455	3,680	3,775	5.7	5.7	5.7
Black	17,460	8,605	8,855	13.3	13.3	13.4
Filipino	7,195	3,285	3,915	5.5	5.1	5.9
Arab	7,895	4,130	3,770	6.0	6.4	5.7
Latin American	3,545	1,645	1,900	2.7	2.5	2.9
Southeast Asian	3,780	1,770	2,015	2.9	2.7	3.0
West Asian	685	350	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	255	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,115	555	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple visible minorities	2,260	1,135	1,130	1.7	1.8	1.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	69,310	34,275	35,035	53.0	53.1	52.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	130,840	64,530	66,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,670	5,990	5,675	8.9	9.3	8.6
English	13,370	6,585	6,785	10.2	10.2	10.2
Irish	11,475	5,480	5,990	8.8	8.5	9.0
Scottish	11,610	5,650	5,960	8.9	8.8	9.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,005	4,335	4,670	6.9	6.7	7.0
German	11,610	5,740	5,870	8.9	8.9	8.9
Chinese	8,535	4,115	4,415	6.5	6.4	6.7
Italian	3,995	1,895	2,100	3.1	2.9	3.2
Indian (India)	5,575	2,730	2,850	4.3	4.2	4.3
Ukrainian	13,275	6,325	6,950	10.1	9.8	10.5
Dutch	3,630	1,820	1,820	2.8	2.8	2.7
Polish	5,970	2,830	3,145	4.6	4.4	4.7
Québécois	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,155	1,105	1,045	1.6	1.7	1.6
Filipino	6,735	3,130	3,605	5.1	4.9	5.4
French Canadian	820	405	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,650	825	820	1.3	1.3	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,995	870	1,125	1.5	1.3	1.7
Métis	3,235	1,555	1,675	2.5	2.4	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,400	710	695	1.1	1.1	1.0
Russian	1,715	825	890	1.3	1.3	1.3
Norwegian	2,320	1,080	1,245	1.8	1.7	1.9
Welsh	1,375	700	670	1.1	1.1	1.0
Portuguese	2,445	1,215	1,230	1.9	1.9	1.9
American	800	390	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	1,365	625	740	1.0	1.0	1.1
Swedish	1,465	645	815	1.1	1.0	1.2
Hungarian	1,120	570	550	0.9	0.9	0.8
Acadian	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	750	370	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,500	1,260	1,245	1.9	2.0	1.9
Jewish	240	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	1,155	595	555	0.9	0.9	0.8
Vietnamese	3,375	1,605	1,770	2.6	2.5	2.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,585	1,340	1,245	2.0	2.1	1.9
Greek	260	165	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
Jamaican	1,115	550	570	0.9	0.9	0.9
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,050	525	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,835	825	1,010	1.4	1.3	1.5
Korean	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	965	460	500	0.7	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	3,760	1,915	1,840	2.9	3.0	2.8
Iranian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	405	225	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	715	360	355	0.5	0.6	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	940	410	530	0.7	0.6	0.8
Sikh	1,220	650	570	0.9	1.0	0.9
Austrian	875	475	395	0.7	0.7	0.6
Belgian	415	230	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Haitian	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	535	275	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	625	310	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	325	135	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Finnish	265	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	665	320	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	190	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	465	255	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Muslim	720	365	360	0.6	0.6	0.5
Egyptian	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	565	235	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
Tamil	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	310	130	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombian	555	280	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	320	140	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Syrian	885	455	425	0.7	0.7	0.6
Guyanese	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	425	225	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	405	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	470	225	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ojibway	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	195	120	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	175	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ontarian	60	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	290	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	345	180	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	120	95	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	125	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	685	335	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Armenian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	3,960	1,905	2,055	3.0	3.0	3.1
Taiwanese	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	265	150	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	805	355	450	0.6	0.6	0.7
African Caribbean	215	95	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	505	260	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	545	275	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chilean	430	200	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congolese	600	285	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Nova Scotian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	1,000	480	520	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	260	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	75	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	575	300	275	0.4	0.5	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	400	210	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber	55	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albanian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	195	100	100	0.1	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eritrean	1,190	585	605	0.9	0.9	0.9
African Canadian	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	205	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	540	265	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ghanaian	315	115	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Barbadian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	175	105	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cuban	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	355	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Venezuelan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	185	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guatemalan	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	195	75	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	375	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	915	475	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jatt	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	30	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	345	190	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	195	80	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Plains Cree	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	190	110	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ivorian	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tigrinya	405	210	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nicaraguan	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	180	65	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	385	215	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Grenadian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mayan	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Burmese	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	420	255	160	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tanzanian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yemeni	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central African	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	90	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Basque	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Paraguayan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	130,835	64,525	66,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	3,200	1,460	1,745	2.4	2.3	2.6
Christian	62,305	29,245	33,060	47.6	45.3	49.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,505	5,845	6,660	9.6	9.1	10.0
Anabaptist	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,105	1,000	1,110	1.6	1.5	1.7
Baptist	1,185	560	625	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catholic	31,355	14,965	16,395	24.0	23.2	24.7
Christian Orthodox	3,890	1,875	2,010	3.0	2.9	3.0
Jehovah's Witness	510	215	295	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	460	190	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	1,355	590	765	1.0	0.9	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,565	1,165	1,395	2.0	1.8	2.1
Presbyterian	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	500	225	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
United Church	2,355	1,025	1,325	1.8	1.6	2.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,105	1,395	1,705	2.4	2.2	2.6
Hindu	2,310	1,180	1,130	1.8	1.8	1.7
Jewish	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	16,805	8,430	8,375	12.8	13.1	12.6
Sikh	4,065	2,050	2,015	3.1	3.2	3.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,720	765	950	1.3	1.2	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	40,100	21,265	18,830	30.6	33.0	28.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	128,985	63,545	65,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	112,250	55,490	56,760	87.0	87.3	86.7
Movers	16,735	8,060	8,675	13.0	12.7	13.3
Non-migrants	13,240	6,390	6,850	10.3	10.1	10.5
Migrants	3,500	1,670	1,830	2.7	2.6	2.8
Internal migrants	2,540	1,205	1,335	2.0	1.9	2.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,600	765	830	1.2	1.2	1.3
Interprovincial migrants	940	440	505	0.7	0.7	0.8
External migrants	960	465	495	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	121,970	60,010	61,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	73,260	36,205	37,050	60.1	60.3	59.8
Movers	48,715	23,800	24,905	39.9	39.7	40.2
Non-migrants	32,725	15,980	16,740	26.8	26.6	27.0
Migrants	15,990	7,825	8,165	13.1	13.0	13.2
Internal migrants	10,365	5,090	5,270	8.5	8.5	8.5
Intraprovincial migrants	6,435	3,130	3,305	5.3	5.2	5.3
Interprovincial migrants	3,930	1,955	1,975	3.2	3.3	3.2
External migrants	5,625	2,730	2,895	4.6	4.5	4.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,045	50,925	53,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,125	11,035	11,090	21.3	21.7	20.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	81,925	39,890	42,035	78.7	78.3	79.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,480	34,960	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,230	5,710	5,515	15.7	16.3	15.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,250	29,255	30,995	84.3	83.7	84.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,045	50,920	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,820	9,530	10,290	19.0	18.7	19.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,190	16,510	16,675	31.9	32.4	31.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,040	24,880	26,160	49.1	48.9	49.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,140	16,680	15,460	30.9	32.8	29.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,095	7,255	1,840	8.7	14.2	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,935	1,875	1,055	2.8	3.7	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,165	5,380	780	5.9	10.6	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,185	7,990	11,195	18.4	15.7	21.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,860	1,430	2,425	3.7	2.8	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,900	8,200	10,700	18.2	16.1	20.1
Bachelor's degree	14,380	6,025	8,355	13.8	11.8	15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	990	405	585	1.0	0.8	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	395	175	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	2,770	1,360	1,410	2.7	2.7	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	365	240	125	0.4	0.5	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,475	34,965	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,620	4,665	4,960	13.5	13.3	13.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,570	10,475	10,095	28.8	30.0	27.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,290	19,825	21,460	57.8	56.7	58.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,345	13,000	12,350	35.5	37.2	33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,985	5,585	1,400	9.8	16.0	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,215	1,420	795	3.1	4.1	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,770	4,165	605	6.7	11.9	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,335	6,325	9,015	21.5	18.1	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,020	1,090	1,925	4.2	3.1	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,940	6,830	9,115	22.3	19.5	25.0
Bachelor's degree	12,100	5,060	7,040	16.9	14.5	19.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	780	305	480	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	130	210	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	2,430	1,160	1,275	3.4	3.3	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	295	180	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	104,050	50,920	53,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	53,005	26,040	26,965	50.9	51.1	50.8
Education	2,940	645	2,295	2.8	1.3	4.3
13. Education	2,940	645	2,295	2.8	1.3	4.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	955	395	560	0.9	0.8	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	785	305	475	0.8	0.6	0.9
Humanities	1,875	815	1,060	1.8	1.6	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	45	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	285	75	210	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	705	280	425	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	95	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	190	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	160	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,625	1,320	3,310	4.4	2.6	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	450	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	895	80	815	0.9	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	800	215	585	0.8	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	0	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	980	205	780	0.9	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,385	605	780	1.3	1.2	1.5
Business, management and public administration	11,030	4,160	6,870	10.6	8.2	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	750	170	575	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,260	3,980	6,275	9.9	7.8	11.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,900	875	1,020	1.8	1.7	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	640	265	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	540	205	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	470	300	170	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,145	1,355	790	2.1	2.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,795	1,220	570	1.7	2.4	1.1
25. Library science	165	20	145	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,785	11,780	1,010	12.3	23.1	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	240	155	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,310	1,945	360	2.2	3.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,235	2,890	350	3.1	5.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,220	3,135	80	3.1	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,180	2,120	60	2.1	4.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,600	1,535	70	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	795	405	390	0.8	0.8	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	530	255	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	150	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	8,760	1,475	7,290	8.4	2.9	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,380	1,275	7,105	8.1	2.5	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,200	1,640	1,560	3.1	3.2	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,905	635	1,275	1.8	1.2	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	680	435	240	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	535	505	30	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	71,480	34,965	36,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,195	15,135	15,055	42.2	43.3	41.2
Education	2,205	440	1,765	3.1	1.3	4.8
13. Education	2,205	440	1,765	3.1	1.3	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	780	320	465	1.1	0.9	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	645	250	395	0.9	0.7	1.1
Humanities	1,520	655	865	2.1	1.9	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200	35	165	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	225	55	170	0.3	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	570	220	355	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	85	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	160	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
54. History	140	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,905	1,120	2,785	5.5	3.2	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	155	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	735	70	665	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	715	190	520	1.0	0.5	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	810	170	640	1.1	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,180	520	660	1.7	1.5	1.8
Business, management and public administration	9,105	3,410	5,700	12.7	9.8	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	580	130	450	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,515	3,270	5,245	11.9	9.4	14.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,455	675	780	2.0	1.9	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	485	210	280	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	355	125	235	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	400	260	140	0.6	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	205	80	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,840	1,170	670	2.6	3.3	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,570	1,065	505	2.2	3.0	1.4
25. Library science	120	15	100	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,015	9,140	875	14.0	26.1	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	200	135	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,840	1,535	305	2.6	4.4	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,600	2,275	330	3.6	6.5	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,540	2,465	80	3.6	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,585	1,545	45	2.2	4.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,235	1,190	45	1.7	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	695	345	350	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	450	215	240	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	130	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	7,215	1,225	5,995	10.1	3.5	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	130	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,925	1,075	5,855	9.7	3.1	16.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,530	1,325	1,205	3.5	3.8	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,470	490	975	2.1	1.4	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	565	360	200	0.8	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	425	410	10	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	71,480	34,965	36,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,195	15,135	15,055	42.2	43.3	41.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,285	19,830	21,460	57.8	56.7	58.8
Location of study inside Canada	31,565	15,285	16,280	44.2	43.7	44.6
Same as province or territory of residence	26,510	12,725	13,785	37.1	36.4	37.8
Different than province or territory of residence	5,055	2,565	2,490	7.1	7.3	6.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,725	4,540	5,180	13.6	13.0	14.2
Americas	1,235	575	660	1.7	1.6	1.8
United States of America	495	250	245	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mexico	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	145	55	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Brazil	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	1,455	775	685	2.0	2.2	1.9
Belgium	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romania	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	275	100	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	315	190	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	155	90	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	1,695	900	800	2.4	2.6	2.2
Nigeria	505	260	245	0.7	0.7	0.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egypt	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	995	515	480	1.4	1.5	1.3
Asia	5,165	2,200	2,965	7.2	6.3	8.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	105	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	255	110	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	100	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkey	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	215	75	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Taiwan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	2,300	895	1,405	3.2	2.6	3.8
Viet Nam	135	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,335	630	705	1.9	1.8	1.9
Pakistan	205	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	285	115	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
Oceania	170	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	85	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	104,045	50,920	53,130	...	...	...
In the labour force	68,740	35,885	32,855	...	...	...
Employed	59,730	31,205	28,530	...	...	...
Unemployed	9,015	4,680	4,330	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,305	15,035	20,270	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.1	70.5	61.8	66.1	70.5	61.8
Employment rate	57.4	61.3	53.7	57.4	61.3	53.7
Unemployment rate	13.1	13.0	13.2	13.1	13.0	13.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	104,050	50,920	53,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,555	16,920	21,635	37.1	33.2	40.7
Worked	65,495	34,000	31,490	62.9	66.8	59.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,305	18,985	15,315	33.0	37.3	28.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,190	15,015	16,175	30.0	29.5	30.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.2	40.0	40.6	41.2	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	68,745	35,885	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,765	1,295	1,470	4.0	3.6	4.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,980	34,590	31,390	96.0	96.4	95.5
Employee	59,165	30,140	29,025	86.1	84.0	88.3
Permanent position	48,930	24,720	24,210	71.2	68.9	73.7
Temporary position	10,230	5,415	4,815	14.9	15.1	14.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,085	1,545	1,540	4.5	4.3	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,150	3,870	3,280	10.4	10.8	10.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,815	4,455	2,365	9.9	12.4	7.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	68,745	35,885	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,765	1,295	1,470	4.0	3.6	4.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,980	34,590	31,390	96.0	96.4	95.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	215	140	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,375	2,985	8,390	16.5	8.3	25.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,320	3,460	860	6.3	9.6	2.6
3 Health occupations	5,750	1,025	4,725	8.4	2.9	14.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,200	2,580	4,620	10.5	7.2	14.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	945	430	510	1.4	1.2	1.6
6 Sales and service occupations	17,875	7,620	10,260	26.0	21.2	31.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,100	13,825	1,275	22.0	38.5	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	800	655	145	1.2	1.8	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,410	1,880	530	3.5	5.2	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	68,745	35,885	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,765	1,295	1,470	4.0	3.6	4.5
All industries¹⁹¹	65,980	34,590	31,390	96.0	96.4	95.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330	195	140	0.5	0.5	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,260	1,085	180	1.8	3.0	0.5
22 Utilities	630	435	200	0.9	1.2	0.6
23 Construction	7,075	6,175	900	10.3	17.2	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	3,890	2,995	895	5.7	8.3	2.7
41 Wholesale trade	2,135	1,455	685	3.1	4.1	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	7,645	3,510	4,135	11.1	9.8	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,435	3,610	830	6.5	10.1	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	740	470	270	1.1	1.3	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,140	630	1,510	3.1	1.8	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,070	585	490	1.6	1.6	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,515	1,930	1,585	5.1	5.4	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,180	1,745	1,440	4.6	4.9	4.4
61 Educational services	3,540	910	2,630	5.1	2.5	8.0
62 Health care and social assistance	9,650	1,900	7,750	14.0	5.3	23.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	875	405	475	1.3	1.1	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	4,650	2,035	2,610	6.8	5.7	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,690	1,690	2,005	5.4	4.7	6.1
91 Public administration	5,450	2,820	2,625	7.9	7.9	8.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	71,740	37,320	34,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	67,840	35,450	32,390	94.6	95.0	94.1
French	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	610	315	290	0.9	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	610	315	290	0.9	0.8	0.8
English and French	620	265	355	0.9	0.7	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,470	1,205	1,265	3.4	3.2	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	71,740	37,320	34,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	71,185	37,005	34,180	99.2	99.2	99.3
Official languages	70,045	36,405	33,635	97.6	97.5	97.7
English	69,880	36,370	33,505	97.4	97.5	97.4
French	165	35	125	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	1,140	600	545	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,140	600	545	1.6	1.6	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	135	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	395	240	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	230	165	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	210	155	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	195	140	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	445	220	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	445	220	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	385	180	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	550	315	235	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	105	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	425	255	175	0.6	0.7	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	71,740	37,320	34,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	69,045	36,090	32,955	96.2	96.7	95.8
English	520	245	280	0.7	0.7	0.8
French	460	200	255	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	1,455	675	780	2.0	1.8	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,435	665	765	2.0	1.8	2.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,730	31,205	28,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,775	3,925	5,850	16.4	12.6	20.5
Worked outside Canada	155	115	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	10,660	8,055	2,605	17.8	25.8	9.1
Usual place of work	39,140	19,105	20,030	65.5	61.2	70.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,135	19,105	20,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,835	14,350	17,480	81.3	75.1	87.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,155	3,885	2,270	15.7	20.3	11.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	890	685	200	2.3	3.6	1.0
Commute to a different province or territory	255	180	80	0.7	0.9	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,800	27,160	22,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,700	24,735	18,970	87.8	91.1	83.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,295	23,480	16,805	80.9	86.5	74.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,410	1,245	2,160	6.8	4.6	9.5
Public transit	3,910	1,345	2,565	7.9	5.0	11.3
Walked	970	350	620	1.9	1.3	2.7
Bicycle	145	100	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other method	1,075	635	435	2.2	2.3	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,800	27,160	22,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,980	4,330	5,650	20.0	15.9	25.0
15 to 29 minutes	22,760	12,715	10,045	45.7	46.8	44.4
30 to 44 minutes	11,950	7,045	4,900	24.0	25.9	21.6
45 to 59 minutes	2,660	1,605	1,055	5.3	5.9	4.7
60 minutes and over	2,450	1,465	990	4.9	5.4	4.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,800	27,160	22,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,065	3,020	1,050	8.2	11.1	4.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,735	6,135	3,605	19.5	22.6	15.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,800	6,750	6,050	25.7	24.9	26.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,705	3,520	4,180	15.5	13.0	18.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,195	2,715	3,475	12.4	10.0	15.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,300	5,025	4,275	18.7	18.5	18.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	32,060	16,355	15,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,430	1,245	1,185	7.6	7.6	7.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	29,630	15,115	14,515	92.4	92.4	92.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,485	11,455	11,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,710	880	835	7.6	7.7	7.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	865	435	430	3.8	3.8	3.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	845	435	405	3.8	3.8	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,775	10,580	10,195	92.4	92.4	92.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 9, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table