Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Edmundston, City (C)More information: New Brunswick [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	16,437	...	...
Population, 2016¹	16,580	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,117	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,707	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	153.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	106.84	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	16,435	7,865	8,570
0 to 14 years	1,865	960	900
0 to 4 years	495	250	250
5 to 9 years	605	325	280
10 to 14 years	765	390	370
15 to 64 years	9,450	4,685	4,765
15 to 19 years	755	385	365
20 to 24 years	700	365	330
25 to 29 years	685	340	350
30 to 34 years	715	360	350
35 to 39 years	860	435	425
40 to 44 years	915	435	480
45 to 49 years	960	505	455
50 to 54 years	995	495	495
55 to 59 years	1,335	640	690
60 to 64 years	1,530	710	825
65 years and over	5,125	2,220	2,910
65 to 69 years	1,505	710	800
70 to 74 years	1,365	635	730
75 to 79 years	885	400	485
80 to 84 years	620	235	385
85 years and over	755	240	515
85 to 89 years	395	155	245
90 to 94 years	235	70	165
95 to 99 years	105	20	90
100 years and over	20	5	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.3	12.2	10.5
15 to 64 years	57.5	59.6	55.6
65 years and over	31.2	28.2	34.0
85 years and over	4.6	3.1	6.0
Average age of the population	49.7	47.9	51.3
Median age of the population	54.0	51.6	56.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,705	...	...
Single-detached house	4,540	...	...
Semi-detached house	310	...	...
Row house	245	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	570	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	120	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	280	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,705	...	...
1 person	3,065	...	...
2 persons	2,880	...	...
3 persons	910	...	...
4 persons	650	...	...
5 or more persons	205	...	...
Number of persons in private households	15,255	7,375	7,880
Average household size	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	14,575	6,905	7,675
Married or living common-law	7,850	3,925	3,930
Married	5,350	2,675	2,675
Living common-law	2,505	1,245	1,260
Living common law - Never married	1,800	895	910
Living common law - Separated	185	90	90
Living common law - Divorced	440	230	210
Living common law - Widowed	75	30	50
Not married and not living common-law	6,720	2,980	3,740
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,740	2,025	1,715
Not married and not living common law - Separated	605	250	350
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	910	395	520
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,460	310	1,150
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,435	...	...
2 persons	2,810	...	...
3 persons	835	...	...
4 persons	620	...	...
5 or more persons	170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,440	...	...
Total couple families	3,810	...	...
Married couples	2,565	...	...
With children⁶	810	...	...
Without children	1,755	...	...
Common-law couples	1,245	...	...
With children⁶	585	...	...
Without children	660	...	...
Total one-parent families	625	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	480	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	145	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	15,255	7,375	7,880
Total - Persons in census families	11,510	5,685	5,830
Married spouses or common-law partners	7,620	3,800	3,825
Parents in one-parent families	625	140	485
Children⁶	3,265	1,740	1,520
In a two-parent family	2,325	1,240	1,085
In a one-parent family	945	505	435
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,745	1,685	2,055
Living alone	3,060	1,340	1,720
Living with other relatives⁷	265	115	150
Living with non-relatives only	415	230	185
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,710	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,250	...	...
Couple-family households	3,680	...	...
With children⁶	1,345	...	...
Without children	2,335	...	...
One-parent-family households	565	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	50	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	15	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	85	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	240	...	...
One-person households	3,060	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	13,400	6,415	6,985
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,185	6,320	6,865
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,190	6,325	6,865
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,205	5,600	5,605
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	36,800	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,720	4,625	4,095
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,830	4,840	5,990
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,900	13,300	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,180	1,060	1,120
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,070	1,485	1,580
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,550	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	13,400	6,395	7,005
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,205	6,310	6,895
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,560	50,360	37,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,205	6,310	6,895
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,120	42,040	32,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,235	5,655	5,580
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,880	45,520	32,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,720	4,705	4,015
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,560	43,240	35,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,805	4,755	6,050
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,820	12,690	12,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,045	985	1,060
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	7,580	6,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,945	1,440	1,510
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,130	7,880	8,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	13,400	6,390	7,005
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,260	2,340	1,915
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	58,400	46,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,050	65,200	53,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,185	1,555	1,630
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,700	18,200	14,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,040	27,240	20,980
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	81.0	69.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.0	64.0	55.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.1	19.0	30.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.5	2.3	2.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.3	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.6	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	13,395	6,410	6,990
Without total income	215	90	120
With total income	13,180	6,320	6,865
Under $10,000 (including loss)	890	325	570
$10,000 to $19,999	1,825	645	1,180
$20,000 to $29,999	2,570	1,030	1,540
$30,000 to $39,999	2,030	920	1,105
$40,000 to $49,999	1,810	920	890
$50,000 to $59,999	1,270	735	540
$60,000 to $69,999	770	480	295
$70,000 to $79,999	595	350	240
$80,000 to $89,999	470	225	245
$90,000 to $99,999	245	155	90
$100,000 and over	705	525	180
$100,000 to $149,999	510	375	130
$150,000 and over	190	145	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	13,395	6,410	6,990
Without after-tax income	215	90	120
With after-tax income	13,185	6,320	6,865
Under $10,000 (including loss)	950	335	610
$10,000 to $19,999	1,900	680	1,220
$20,000 to $29,999	3,030	1,255	1,780
$30,000 to $39,999	2,495	1,195	1,295
$40,000 to $49,999	1,875	1,035	840
$50,000 to $59,999	1,120	690	430
$60,000 to $69,999	730	395	340
$70,000 to $79,999	430	255	175
$80,000 to $89,999	210	140	75
$90,000 to $99,999	135	100	30
$100,000 and over	310	240	75
$100,000 to $124,999	180	135	40
$125,000 and over	135	105	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	13,395	6,410	6,990
Without employment income	4,680	1,790	2,890
With employment income	8,720	4,620	4,100
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,325	705	625
$5,000 to $9,999	760	335	430
$10,000 to $19,999	1,110	535	575
$20,000 to $29,999	945	440	505
$30,000 to $39,999	1,025	480	550
$40,000 to $49,999	885	470	420
$50,000 to $59,999	640	410	230
$60,000 to $69,999	475	295	180
$70,000 to $79,999	430	240	190
$80,000 to $89,999	390	190	200
$90,000 to $99,999	210	140	70
$100,000 and over	525	400	125
$100,000 to $124,999	280	205	75
$125,000 and over	245	190	50
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	13,400	6,415	6,985
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,020	6,250	6,770
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,600	28,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,040	6,250	6,790
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	36,400	26,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,210	5,610	5,595
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	37,600	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,855	4,675	4,175
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,800	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,825	4,250	5,570
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	10,100	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,965	930	1,040
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	6,240	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	13,400	6,395	7,005
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,035	6,235	6,800
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,760	48,480	35,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,040	6,235	6,805
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,680	40,800	30,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,220	5,650	5,570
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,400	45,680	33,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,810	4,715	4,090
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,040	43,600	35,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,840	4,205	5,630
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,410	10,450	10,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,805	880	920
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	7,120	6,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	13,400	6,390	7,005
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,250	2,345	1,910
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	55,200	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,250	62,100	51,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,030	1,490	1,535
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	23,800	18,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,720	31,640	25,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.2	85.4	75.8
Employment income (%)	64.8	68.0	60.7
Government transfers (%)	18.8	14.6	24.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.1	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,705	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,060	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,645	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,705	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,020	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,680	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,705	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	170	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	650	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	395	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	420	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	490	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	410	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	370	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	675	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	560	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	485	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	455	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	375	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,885	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	650	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	470	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	470	...	...
$200,000 and over	290	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,705	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	210	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	685	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	510	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	475	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	445	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	420	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	765	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	545	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	450	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	350	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,340	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	620	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	350	...	...
$150,000 and over	375	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,485	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,350	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,400	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	610	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,480	1,570	1,905
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	36,000	28,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,200	32,000	27,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,535	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,360	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,365	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	650	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,455	1,560	1,895
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,440	42,200	33,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	36,120	30,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	15,255	7,370	7,885
0 to 17 years	2,315	1,205	1,110
0 to 5 years	585	300	290
18 to 64 years	8,715	4,255	4,460
65 years and over	4,225	1,915	2,310
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,525	1,040	1,485
0 to 17 years	365	180	185
0 to 5 years	115	50	60
18 to 64 years	1,105	500	605
65 years and over	1,060	360	700
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.6	14.1	18.8
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	15.0	16.4
0 to 5 years (%)	19.6	17.5	22.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	11.8	13.5
65 years and over (%)	25.1	18.9	30.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	15,255	7,375	7,880
0 to 17 years	2,315	1,205	1,110
0 to 5 years	585	300	285
18 to 64 years	8,715	4,255	4,465
65 years and over	4,225	1,915	2,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	640	285	350
0 to 17 years	80	35	50
0 to 5 years	20	5	15
18 to 64 years	485	230	255
65 years and over	70	25	45
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	3.9	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6	3.0	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	1.6	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.1	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	15,255	7,375	7,885
In bottom half of the distribution	9,460	4,395	5,070
In bottom decile	2,010	825	1,185
In second decile	2,255	1,010	1,250
In third decile	1,920	915	1,010
In fourth decile	1,590	790	800
In fifth decile	1,670	850	825
In top half of the distribution	5,800	2,980	2,820
In sixth decile	1,475	760	710
In seventh decile	1,375	710	665
In eighth decile	1,325	680	645
In ninth decile	955	490	465
In top decile	670	340	335
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	15,255	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	15,540	7,570	7,970
English only	375	190	190
French only	5,410	2,525	2,880
English and French	9,725	4,845	4,880
Neither English nor French	30	10	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	15,540	7,570	7,970
English	980	500	480
French	14,395	6,990	7,410
English and French	140	80	65
Neither English nor French	25	5	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	15,540	7,570	7,970
Single responses	15,125	7,345	7,780
Official languages	14,800	7,170	7,630
English	795	395	400
French	14,005	6,775	7,230
Non-official languages	330	175	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	325	175	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	60	35
Berber languages	10	10	0
Kabyle	10	5	0
Tamazight	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	55	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	85	55	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	10
Haitian Creole	5	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	130	70	60
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	15	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	5	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0
German	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	10
Indo-Aryan languages	35	25	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	30	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	5
Romanian	25	10	15
Spanish	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10
Chinese languages	25	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	410	225	190
English and French	350	195	160
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	15,540	7,570	7,970
English	555	275	285
French	13,390	6,505	6,885
Non-official language	100	55	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	100	55	50
English and French	1,220	590	630
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	40
French and non-official language(s)	115	60	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	45	30
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	15,540	7,570	7,970
Single responses	15,175	7,390	7,785
Official languages	14,990	7,290	7,700
English	765	380	390
French	14,225	6,910	7,310
Non-official languages	190	100	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	100	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	35	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	30	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	50	30	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	50	35
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	10	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	5
Indo-Aryan languages	25	20	5
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	5
Romanian	20	10	10
Spanish	15	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10
Chinese languages	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	365	180	185
English and French	305	150	155
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	15,540	7,570	7,970
None	14,390	6,995	7,390
English	780	380	405
French	210	105	100
Non-official language	100	60	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	100	60	45
English and French	20	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	15,255	7,355	7,900
Official languages	15,235	7,350	7,895
English	9,935	4,980	4,955
French	14,900	7,175	7,730
Non-official languages	715	405	315
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	715	400	315
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	125	50
Berber languages	30	20	15
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	165	120	45
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	165	120	45
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	15	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	80	35	45
Haitian Creole	50	15	35
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	375	205	170
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	35	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	60	35	25
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0
Russian	15	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	15	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	10
German	30	15	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	10
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	295	150	145
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	20	10
Portuguese	20	10	10
Romanian	45	10	35
Spanish	215	115	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	20	10	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	10
Wojenaka	10	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	15	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,255	7,350	7,900
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	380	175	205
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	350	165	180
First Nations (North American Indian)	200	95	100
Métis	150	70	80
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	0	25
Non-Indigenous identity	14,880	7,180	7,695
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,255	7,350	7,900
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115	50	65
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	15,145	7,305	7,835
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,705	...	...
Owner	5,035	...	...
Renter	2,670	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,705	...	...
Condominium	800	...	...
Not condominium	6,910	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,705	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...
1 bedroom	1,095	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,525	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,595	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,465	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,705	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,275	...	...
5 rooms	1,475	...	...
6 rooms	1,175	...	...
7 rooms	925	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,855	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,705	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,685	...	...
More than one person per room	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,705	...	...
Suitable	7,625	...	...
Not suitable	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,705	...	...
1960 or before	2,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,600	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,025	...	...
1991 to 2000	840	...	...
2001 to 2005	305	...	...
2006 to 2010	255	...	...
2011 to 2015	135	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,705	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	555	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,705	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,760	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,840	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	110	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,705	...	...
15 to 24 years	175	...	...
25 to 34 years	780	...	...
35 to 44 years	985	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,150	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,750	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,740	...	...
75 to 84 years	885	...	...
85 years and over	240	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,680	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,515	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,170	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,085	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,705	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,735	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,105	...	...
Not suitable only	80	...	...
Major repairs needed only	480	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,975	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,595	...	...
In core need	260	...	...
Not in core need	7,335	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,035	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	944	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	170,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,665	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	681	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	15,255	7,355	7,905
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	320	120	205
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	315	120	200
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	245	95	150
Métis single ancestry	70	20	50
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	410	210	200
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	405	210	200
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	390	200	190
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,520	7,020	7,500
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	15,255	7,355	7,900
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	14,635	6,995	7,640
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,175	1,140	1,035
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	12,455	5,855	6,605
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	620	360	265
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	15,255	7,355	7,900
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	14,370	6,890	7,480
Immigrants⁸¹	590	275	315
Before 1980	140	55	80
1980 to 1990	30	15	15
1991 to 2000	40	15	25
2001 to 2010	80	40	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	300	150	150
2011 to 2015	65	25	40
2016 to 2021	235	120	110
Non-permanent residents⁸³	295	195	105
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	590	275	315
Under 5 years	65	30	35
5 to 14 years	125	80	45
15 to 24 years	100	10	90
25 to 44 years	250	130	120
45 years and over	45	25	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	590	275	315
Americas	265	100	165
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	35	10	20
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	215	85	130
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	135	55	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	25	10	15
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	30	10	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	35	10	30
Africa	140	90	55
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	10
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	60	45	20
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	20
Asia	40	25	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	235	120	115
Americas	45	10	30
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	30	10	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	80	45	40
France	20	10	15
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	35	25
Africa	105	60	40
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	35	30	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0
Asia	10	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	15,255	7,355	7,900
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,065	525	535
Second generation¹⁰¹	730	385	345
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,460	6,440	7,020
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	450	220	235
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	250	135	110
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	100	85	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	150	50	95
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	180	75	105
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	0	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	450	220	235
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	0	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	100	55	45
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	15	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	290	130	160
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	15,255	7,350	7,900
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	595	335	260
South Asian	35	15	20
Chinese	15	0	15
Black	320	180	140
Filipino	35	15	15
Arab	135	95	40
Latin American	20	0	10
Southeast Asian	15	0	10
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	14,660	7,015	7,640
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	15,255	7,355	7,900
Canadian	6,330	2,970	3,360
English	285	105	180
Irish	560	270	295
Scottish	165	85	80
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,535	1,725	1,815
German	100	45	55
Chinese	10	0	10
Italian	140	65	75
Indian (India)	55	25	25
Ukrainian	15	15	0
Dutch	20	0	20
Polish	25	15	10
Québécois	475	220	260
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	50	20	30
Filipino	30	10	15
French Canadian	1,165	495	670
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	960	455	505
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	310	155	160
Métis	90	30	60
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	125	55	70
Russian	10	0	10
Norwegian	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	20	10
American	265	145	115
Spanish	40	15	30
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Acadian	2,055	995	1,065
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	25	20
Jewish	10	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	15	10
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	30	10	20
Lebanese	35	25	15
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70	30	40
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	95	35	60
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	20	15	0
Haitian	50	20	30
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	10	10	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	15	10	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	95	40	50
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	80	60	20
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	35	30	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	40	30	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	25	15	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	685	370	315
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	0	20
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	65	35	30
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	10	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	20	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	0	15
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	20	0	15
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	15
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	10	0	10
Norman	30	25	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	15	10	10
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	80	45	30
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	15,255	7,350	7,900
Buddhist	10	0	10
Christian	13,125	6,140	6,985
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	725	350	370
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	35	0	35
Baptist	30	20	15
Catholic	11,960	5,580	6,380
Christian Orthodox	80	40	40
Jehovah's Witness	25	15	15
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	140	60	80
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	35	15	20
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	95	55	35
Hindu	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	10
Muslim	190	140	45
Sikh	10	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	25	0	15
No religion and secular perspectives	1,890	1,060	830
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	15,170	7,310	7,860
Non-movers	13,640	6,575	7,065
Movers	1,530	735	790
Non-migrants	985	490	495
Migrants	540	245	295
Internal migrants	505	230	280
Intraprovincial migrants	350	150	205
Interprovincial migrants	155	75	80
External migrants	35	20	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	14,805	7,135	7,670
Non-movers	10,295	4,985	5,310
Movers	4,510	2,150	2,360
Non-migrants	2,150	1,010	1,140
Migrants	2,355	1,135	1,220
Internal migrants	1,915	885	1,030
Intraprovincial migrants	1,405	630	780
Interprovincial migrants	515	260	255
External migrants	440	255	185
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,400	6,390	7,005
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,710	1,285	1,420
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,690	5,105	5,585
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,795	3,820	3,980
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	820	465	355
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,975	3,355	3,620
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,400	6,395	7,010
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,545	1,195	1,355
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,745	1,860	1,880
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,110	3,340	3,770
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,705	2,310	2,400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,720	1,045	675
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,045	550	495
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	670	495	180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,575	1,130	1,440
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	415	135	280
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,405	1,030	1,370
Bachelor's degree	1,675	695	985
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	160	60	100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	65	50
Master's degree	355	165	190
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	95	45	55
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,795	3,820	3,975
No certificate, diploma or degree	760	440	320
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,025	1,085	940
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,015	2,295	2,715
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,260	1,580	1,680
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,065	615	445
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	690	360	325
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	375	260	115
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,965	870	1,095
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	235	90	140
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,750	715	1,035
Bachelor's degree	1,235	505	735
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	105	30	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	50	45
Master's degree	250	100	150
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	30	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,395	6,395	7,010
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,285	3,055	3,235
Education	565	160	405
13. Education	565	160	405
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	70	20	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	60	20	45
Humanities	160	65	90
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	40	30	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	0
54. History	20	15	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	470	150	325
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	15	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	150	25	125
22. Legal professions and studies	80	15	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	115	40	80
45. Social sciences	80	50	25
Business, management and public administration	1,700	540	1,155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	15	120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,565	525	1,040
Physical and life sciences and technologies	105	55	50
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	35	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	175	130	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	120	105	15
25. Library science	20	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,555	1,510	45
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	0
14. Engineering	175	165	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	365	360	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	405	405	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	420	410	0
48. Precision production	170	160	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	195	140	55
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	75	30	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	115	0
Health and related fields	1,425	240	1,185
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	35	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,305	165	1,135
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	35	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	700	325	375
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	455	135	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	140	105	40
49. Transportation and materials moving	95	90	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,795	3,815	3,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,785	1,520	1,260
Education	315	85	230
13. Education	315	85	230
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	60	20	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	60	20	40
Humanities	95	40	50
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	15	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	15	15	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	340	80	260
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	15	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	115	0	110
22. Legal professions and studies	50	0	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	90	25	60
45. Social sciences	50	30	15
Business, management and public administration	1,215	355	855
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	95	0	95
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,120	355	765
Physical and life sciences and technologies	75	40	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	25	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140	115	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	100	15
25. Library science	20	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,045	1,015	30
04. Architecture and related services	15	15	0
14. Engineering	120	110	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	295	290	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	240	240	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	250	250	0
48. Precision production	120	110	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	170	115	50
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65	15	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	100	0
Health and related fields	1,045	175	865
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40	25	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	960	130	830
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	510	250	260
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	300	75	220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	130	100	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	80	75	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	7,795	3,815	3,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,785	1,520	1,260
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,010	2,295	2,715
Location of study inside Canada	4,690	2,120	2,570
Same as province or territory of residence	3,695	1,635	2,055
Different than province or territory of residence	990	480	510
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	325	175	145
Americas	95	45	55
United States of America	75	30	50
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	80	40	40
Belgium	10	0	0
France	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	100	65	30
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	15	15	0
Morocco	30	25	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	20	20
Asia	50	30	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	20	10	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	13,400	6,395	7,010
In the labour force	7,405	3,865	3,550
Employed	6,825	3,545	3,275
Unemployed	585	320	270
Not in the labour force	5,990	2,530	3,460
Participation rate	55.3	60.4	50.6
Employment rate	50.9	55.4	46.7
Unemployment rate	7.9	8.3	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	13,395	6,395	7,010
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,725	2,385	3,340
Worked	7,675	4,010	3,665
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,355	2,395	1,960
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,320	1,615	1,700
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.5	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,410	3,860	3,545
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85	45	40
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	7,325	3,815	3,505
Employee	6,595	3,380	3,215
Permanent position	5,440	2,800	2,640
Temporary position	1,160	575	580
Fixed term (1 year or more)	295	135	155
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	865	445	425
Self-employed¹⁹²	730	440	290
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,410	3,860	3,545
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85	45	40
All occupations¹⁹¹	7,325	3,815	3,505
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	85	65	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,040	315	730
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	365	320	45
3 Health occupations	1,015	225	790
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	850	280	570
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	100	35	60
6 Sales and service occupations	2,180	995	1,180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,015	975	40
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	140	125	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	535	485	50
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,410	3,860	3,545
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85	45	40
All industries¹⁹¹	7,325	3,815	3,505
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	190	165	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	25	20	0
23 Construction	290	265	25
31-33 Manufacturing	990	835	160
41 Wholesale trade	140	105	30
44-45 Retail trade	1,025	575	450
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	255	220	35
51 Information and cultural industries	100	45	55
52 Finance and insurance	180	75	100
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	60	30	25
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	235	140	95
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	245	140	100
61 Educational services	490	150	335
62 Health care and social assistance	1,620	365	1,255
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	85	30	50
72 Accommodation and food services	465	160	305
81 Other services (except public administration)	300	140	160
91 Public administration	615	335	280
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,115	4,245	3,870
English	355	215	140
French	5,350	2,795	2,555
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	2,400	1,230	1,170
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,115	4,245	3,870
Single responses	7,735	4,040	3,695
Official languages	7,735	4,040	3,695
English	645	370	270
French	7,090	3,665	3,430
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	375	205	170
English and French	375	205	170
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,115	4,245	3,870
None	6,080	3,210	2,870
English	1,745	870	870
French	290	160	130
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	6,820	3,545	3,275
Worked at home	665	345	320
Worked outside Canada	50	40	10
No fixed workplace address	715	590	125
Usual place of work	5,400	2,570	2,825
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,400	2,570	2,830
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,600	2,135	2,460
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	545	290	250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	190	100	90
Commute to a different province or territory	60	40	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,115	3,160	2,950
Car, truck or van	5,725	2,950	2,780
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,320	2,750	2,570
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	405	200	205
Public transit	25	15	10
Walked	225	125	95
Bicycle	30	20	15
Other method	110	50	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,115	3,160	2,950
Less than 15 minutes	4,415	2,140	2,275
15 to 29 minutes	1,185	670	520
30 to 44 minutes	290	160	130
45 to 59 minutes	110	100	10
60 minutes and over	110	90	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,115	3,160	2,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	360	275	85
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	900	535	360
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,170	1,135	1,030
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,435	585	850
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	360	110	245
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	890	515	380
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,370	1,235	1,135
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,295	1,195	1,100
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	35	40
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,845	970	875
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,795	950	850
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,645	860	780
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	155	85	70
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	25	30

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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