Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Elkford, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision] Remove						British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	2,749	...	...	...	...	...	5,000,879	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	2,499	...	...	...	...	...	4,648,055	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,602	...	...	...	...	...	2,211,694	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,159	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,834	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	25.4	...	...	25.4	...	...	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	108.12	...	...	...	...	...	920,686.55	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	2,750	1,465	1,280	100.0	100.0	100.0	5,000,880	2,457,515	2,543,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	575	325	245	20.9	22.2	19.1	716,900	369,250	347,650	14.3	15.0	13.7
0 to 4 years	150	75	75	5.5	5.1	5.9	216,825	111,015	105,805	4.3	4.5	4.2
5 to 9 years	220	130	90	8.0	8.9	7.0	244,290	125,810	118,485	4.9	5.1	4.7
10 to 14 years	200	125	80	7.3	8.5	6.3	255,790	132,425	123,365	5.1	5.4	4.9
15 to 64 years	1,840	950	890	66.9	64.8	69.5	3,267,620	1,614,625	1,652,995	65.3	65.7	65.0
15 to 19 years	160	80	85	5.8	5.5	6.6	253,690	131,245	122,445	5.1	5.3	4.8
20 to 24 years	120	60	55	4.4	4.1	4.3	294,650	151,505	143,145	5.9	6.2	5.6
25 to 29 years	145	70	80	5.3	4.8	6.3	337,090	170,500	166,585	6.7	6.9	6.5
30 to 34 years	215	105	110	7.8	7.2	8.6	358,585	178,925	179,660	7.2	7.3	7.1
35 to 39 years	240	115	125	8.7	7.8	9.8	353,350	175,175	178,175	7.1	7.1	7.0
40 to 44 years	220	125	95	8.0	8.5	7.4	319,740	156,480	163,260	6.4	6.4	6.4
45 to 49 years	175	100	80	6.4	6.8	6.3	310,035	149,520	160,515	6.2	6.1	6.3
50 to 54 years	175	95	75	6.4	6.5	5.9	329,005	158,540	170,460	6.6	6.5	6.7
55 to 59 years	190	90	95	6.9	6.1	7.4	356,345	172,520	183,825	7.1	7.0	7.2
60 to 64 years	200	110	85	7.3	7.5	6.6	355,130	170,210	184,920	7.1	6.9	7.3
65 years and over	335	190	145	12.2	13.0	11.3	1,016,365	473,640	542,720	20.3	19.3	21.3
65 to 69 years	160	95	60	5.8	6.5	4.7	319,405	152,705	166,700	6.4	6.2	6.6
70 to 74 years	100	60	40	3.6	4.1	3.1	272,365	130,370	141,995	5.4	5.3	5.6
75 to 79 years	50	20	25	1.8	1.4	2.0	181,075	86,060	95,015	3.6	3.5	3.7
80 to 84 years	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.8	121,055	55,285	65,780	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	10	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.4	122,465	49,225	73,235	2.4	2.0	2.9
85 to 89 years	5	5	5	0.2	0.3	0.4	74,315	32,315	42,005	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,840	13,715	23,120	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,790	2,865	6,925	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,515	330	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.9	22.2	19.1	20.9	22.2	19.1	14.3	15.0	13.7	14.3	15.0	13.7
15 to 64 years	66.9	64.8	69.5	66.9	64.8	69.5	65.3	65.7	65.0	65.3	65.7	65.0
65 years and over	12.2	13.0	11.3	12.2	13.0	11.3	20.3	19.3	21.3	20.3	19.3	21.3
85 years and over	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	2.4	2.0	2.9	2.4	2.0	2.9
Average age of the population	38.0	38.1	37.7	38.0	38.1	37.7	43.1	42.2	43.9	43.1	42.2	43.9
Median age of the population	38.4	39.2	38.0	38.4	39.2	38.0	42.8	41.6	44.0	42.8	41.6	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	630	...	...	54.3	...	...	866,340	...	...	42.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	60	...	...	5.2	...	...	62,890	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	10	...	...	0.9	...	...	168,590	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	249,835	...	...	12.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	220	...	...	19.0	...	...	417,475	...	...	20.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	221,845	...	...	10.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	3,760	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	235	...	...	20.3	...	...	51,100	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,155	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	350	...	...	30.3	...	...	600,705	...	...	29.4	...	...
2 persons	410	...	...	35.5	...	...	719,865	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	155	...	...	13.4	...	...	296,200	...	...	14.5	...	...
4 persons	160	...	...	13.9	...	...	256,700	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	90	...	...	7.8	...	...	168,355	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,745	1,465	1,280	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	2,180	1,145	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,283,980	2,088,265	2,195,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	1,400	705	695	64.2	61.6	67.5	2,464,130	1,229,850	1,234,280	57.5	58.9	56.2
Married	1,070	545	525	49.1	47.6	51.0	2,036,165	1,015,165	1,021,000	47.5	48.6	46.5
Living common-law	325	165	165	14.9	14.4	16.0	427,970	214,680	213,285	10.0	10.3	9.7
Living common law - Never married	255	125	125	11.7	10.9	12.1	313,560	158,045	155,515	7.3	7.6	7.1
Living common law - Separated	10	5	5	0.5	0.4	0.5	17,220	8,940	8,285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	60	30	30	2.8	2.6	2.9	87,370	43,700	43,670	2.0	2.1	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	0.2	0.0	0.5	9,815	3,995	5,820	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	780	440	340	35.8	38.4	33.0	1,819,845	858,415	961,435	42.5	41.1	43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	535	325	210	24.5	28.4	20.4	1,202,625	653,345	549,280	28.1	31.3	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	65	25	40	3.0	2.2	3.9	110,710	47,290	63,420	2.6	2.3	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	105	70	35	4.8	6.1	3.4	283,035	109,615	173,420	6.6	5.2	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	75	20	55	3.4	1.7	5.3	223,475	48,165	175,310	5.2	2.3	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	790	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,399,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	410	...	...	51.9	...	...	763,875	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	155	...	...	19.6	...	...	290,335	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	145	...	...	18.4	...	...	255,295	...	...	18.2	...	...
5 or more persons	80	...	...	10.1	...	...	89,900	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	790	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,399,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	680	...	...	86.1	...	...	1,190,930	...	...	85.1	...	...
Married couples	520	...	...	65.8	...	...	977,010	...	...	69.8	...	...
With children⁶	250	...	...	31.6	...	...	496,240	...	...	35.5	...	...
Without children	270	...	...	34.2	...	...	480,770	...	...	34.4	...	...
Common-law couples	165	...	...	20.9	...	...	213,925	...	...	15.3	...	...
With children⁶	80	...	...	10.1	...	...	64,570	...	...	4.6	...	...
Without children	85	...	...	10.8	...	...	149,355	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	105	...	...	13.3	...	...	208,475	...	...	14.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	65	...	...	8.2	...	...	161,820	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	40	...	...	5.1	...	...	46,655	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	2,745	1,465	1,280	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	2,285	1,165	1,120	83.2	79.5	87.5	3,897,915	1,933,790	1,964,120	79.3	80.0	78.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,365	680	685	49.7	46.4	53.5	2,381,865	1,191,345	1,190,515	48.5	49.3	47.6
Parents in one-parent families	105	35	70	3.8	2.4	5.5	208,475	46,660	161,820	4.2	1.9	6.5
Children⁶	815	455	365	29.7	31.1	28.5	1,307,575	695,790	611,785	26.6	28.8	24.5
In a two-parent family	635	350	285	23.1	23.9	22.3	1,001,235	529,410	471,830	20.4	21.9	18.9
In a one-parent family	185	100	80	6.7	6.8	6.3	306,340	166,380	139,960	6.2	6.9	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	455	295	160	16.6	20.1	12.5	1,018,030	483,010	535,015	20.7	20.0	21.4
Living alone	345	235	110	12.6	16.0	8.6	600,705	273,740	326,960	12.2	11.3	13.1
Living with other relatives⁷	35	15	20	1.3	1.0	1.6	139,900	56,735	83,160	2.8	2.3	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	75	45	25	2.7	3.1	2.0	277,425	152,535	124,890	5.6	6.3	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	730	...	...	62.9	...	...	1,157,520	...	...	56.7	...	...
Couple-family households	645	...	...	55.6	...	...	1,002,775	...	...	49.1	...	...
With children⁶	310	...	...	26.7	...	...	463,945	...	...	22.7	...	...
Without children	335	...	...	28.9	...	...	538,825	...	...	26.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	80	...	...	6.9	...	...	154,745	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	15	...	...	1.3	...	...	75,700	...	...	3.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	20,325	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	30	...	...	2.6	...	...	79,015	...	...	3.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	30	...	...	2.6	...	...	108,570	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	345	...	...	29.7	...	...	600,705	...	...	29.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	2,175	1,140	1,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,095	1,115	980	96.3	97.8	94.7	4,076,345	1,987,855	2,088,490	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,800	99,000	36,800	58,800	99,000	36,800	40,800	47,200	36,000	40,800	47,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,095	1,115	980	96.3	97.8	94.7	4,078,810	1,989,180	2,089,630	97.1	97.1	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	80,000	33,200	51,600	80,000	33,200	37,200	42,400	33,600	37,200	42,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,960	1,075	885	90.1	94.3	85.5	3,655,710	1,808,310	1,847,405	87.0	88.3	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,000	100,000	31,400	56,000	100,000	31,400	35,200	43,600	28,400	35,200	43,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,750	1,020	735	80.5	89.5	71.0	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,030	68.7	71.8	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,800	101,000	35,600	62,800	101,000	35,600	38,000	46,000	31,200	38,000	46,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,335	585	750	61.4	51.3	72.5	3,377,800	1,555,875	1,821,925	80.4	76.0	84.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,800	9,000	7,500	7,800	9,000	7,500	10,000	9,100	10,600	10,000	9,100	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	155	60	95	7.1	5.3	9.2	370,345	168,520	201,825	8.8	8.2	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	6,040	5,560	5,760	6,040	5,560	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	325	120	205	14.9	10.5	19.8	1,106,935	526,910	580,025	26.4	25.7	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	7,500	7,500	7,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	2,175	1,120	1,050	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,085	1,105	980	95.9	98.7	93.3	4,075,270	1,987,400	2,087,875	97.0	97.0	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	70,300	90,800	47,000	70,300	90,800	47,000	54,450	63,500	45,800	54,450	63,500	45,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,090	1,110	980	96.1	99.1	93.3	4,077,810	1,988,785	2,089,025	97.1	97.1	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,300	72,200	40,500	57,300	72,200	40,500	45,600	51,900	39,600	45,600	51,900	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,965	1,050	915	90.3	93.8	87.1	3,654,285	1,807,745	1,846,535	87.0	88.3	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,500	89,600	41,900	67,500	89,600	41,900	50,520	60,800	40,440	50,520	60,800	40,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,725	1,005	725	79.3	89.7	69.0	2,886,325	1,472,690	1,413,635	68.7	71.9	65.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	70,000	87,000	46,400	70,000	87,000	46,400	50,520	59,800	40,840	50,520	59,800	40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,340	560	780	61.6	50.0	74.3	3,374,170	1,553,970	1,820,205	80.3	75.9	84.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,430	11,120	9,940	10,430	11,120	9,940	11,030	10,490	11,490	11,030	10,490	11,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	205	100	105	9.4	8.9	10.0	368,410	167,495	200,910	8.8	8.2	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	7,700	10,200	9,000	7,700	10,200	6,540	6,030	6,970	6,540	6,030	6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	140	195	15.2	12.5	18.6	1,102,145	524,940	577,205	26.2	25.6	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,720	8,200	7,350	7,720	8,200	7,350	9,110	8,940	9,260	9,110	8,940	9,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	2,180	1,125	1,050	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	850	530	320	39.0	47.1	30.5	1,301,410	737,105	564,300	31.0	36.0	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	104,000	112,000	65,500	104,000	112,000	65,500	65,000	71,500	57,600	65,000	71,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	97,200	114,000	69,000	97,200	114,000	69,000	77,700	86,600	66,000	77,700	86,600	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	565	285	280	25.9	25.3	26.7	1,195,830	547,835	647,995	28.5	26.7	30.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,200	79,500	23,400	37,200	79,500	23,400	19,400	22,400	17,400	19,400	22,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	54,400	77,500	31,200	54,400	77,500	31,200	30,560	36,160	25,840	30,560	36,160	25,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.4	93.6	83.2	90.4	93.6	83.2	83.2	87.0	78.2	83.2	87.0	78.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	82.6	86.8	73.2	82.6	86.8	73.2	65.8	69.8	60.4	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	9.5	6.2	16.8	9.5	6.2	16.8	16.8	12.9	21.9	16.8	12.9	21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	2.3	1.2	0.7	2.3	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.3	1.4	4.4	2.3	1.4	4.4	5.6	4.5	7.1	5.6	4.5	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	1.7	1.1	3.1	1.7	1.1	3.1	4.5	3.7	5.6	4.5	3.7	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	2,175	1,145	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	80	30	55	3.7	2.6	5.3	124,155	60,445	63,710	3.0	3.0	3.0
With total income	2,090	1,115	975	96.1	97.4	94.7	4,076,350	1,987,855	2,088,490	97.0	97.0	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	205	65	145	9.8	5.8	14.9	385,230	166,325	218,900	9.5	8.4	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	160	40	120	7.7	3.6	12.3	474,245	197,530	276,715	11.6	9.9	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	210	60	150	10.0	5.4	15.4	627,895	264,860	363,035	15.4	13.3	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	160	40	120	7.7	3.6	12.3	515,780	222,825	292,955	12.7	11.2	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	185	80	110	8.9	7.2	11.3	442,130	198,985	243,150	10.8	10.0	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	145	75	70	6.9	6.7	7.2	363,335	172,380	190,950	8.9	8.7	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	110	55	50	5.3	4.9	5.1	284,130	149,100	135,030	7.0	7.5	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	75	40	40	3.6	3.6	4.1	221,755	125,565	96,190	5.4	6.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	75	40	40	3.6	3.6	4.1	172,110	101,195	70,915	4.2	5.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	110	75	40	5.3	6.7	4.1	136,185	81,180	55,005	3.3	4.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	655	550	105	31.3	49.3	10.8	453,550	307,905	145,645	11.1	15.5	7.0
$100,000 to $149,999	555	460	100	26.6	41.3	10.3	297,440	194,595	102,850	7.3	9.8	4.9
$150,000 and over	100	95	10	4.8	8.5	1.0	156,105	113,310	42,800	3.8	5.7	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	2,175	1,145	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	80	25	55	3.7	2.2	5.3	121,690	59,120	62,575	2.9	2.9	2.9
With after-tax income	2,095	1,115	975	96.3	97.4	94.7	4,078,810	1,989,185	2,089,630	97.1	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	210	70	145	10.0	6.3	14.9	402,375	172,800	229,575	9.9	8.7	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	170	45	125	8.1	4.0	12.8	490,875	204,625	286,255	12.0	10.3	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	225	65	165	10.7	5.8	16.9	705,795	299,550	406,245	17.3	15.1	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	195	60	135	9.3	5.4	13.8	593,485	261,620	331,865	14.6	13.2	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	220	110	110	10.5	9.9	11.3	502,775	233,645	269,135	12.3	11.7	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	145	70	75	6.9	6.3	7.7	387,850	198,895	188,955	9.5	10.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	120	55	60	5.7	4.9	6.2	283,825	160,510	123,315	7.0	8.1	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	135	85	50	6.4	7.6	5.1	207,535	122,690	84,840	5.1	6.2	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	245	180	70	11.7	16.1	7.2	150,155	91,640	58,515	3.7	4.6	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	225	195	30	10.7	17.5	3.1	99,015	63,800	35,220	2.4	3.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	205	180	20	9.8	16.1	2.1	255,125	179,415	75,715	6.3	9.0	3.6
$100,000 to $124,999	140	120	15	6.7	10.8	1.5	127,025	86,835	40,195	3.1	4.4	1.9
$125,000 and over	65	65	0	3.1	5.8	0.0	128,100	92,585	35,515	3.1	4.7	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	2,175	1,145	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	420	120	300	19.3	10.5	29.1	1,314,135	576,965	737,165	31.3	28.2	34.3
With employment income	1,755	1,020	730	80.7	89.1	70.9	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,035	68.7	71.8	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	270	165	105	15.4	16.2	14.4	397,640	182,895	214,745	13.8	12.4	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	85	30	55	4.8	2.9	7.5	234,130	99,970	134,165	8.1	6.8	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	135	45	90	7.7	4.4	12.3	339,265	147,650	191,615	11.8	10.0	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	120	40	75	6.8	3.9	10.3	266,065	118,485	147,580	9.2	8.1	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	100	25	70	5.7	2.5	9.6	257,235	116,285	140,950	8.9	7.9	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	100	35	65	5.7	3.4	8.9	247,550	116,085	131,470	8.6	7.9	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	50	10	45	2.8	1.0	6.2	230,030	112,805	117,220	8.0	7.7	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	70	25	45	4.0	2.5	6.2	190,470	105,215	85,260	6.6	7.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	55	25	25	3.1	2.5	3.4	154,990	91,615	63,375	5.4	6.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	60	30	25	3.4	2.9	3.4	128,265	77,550	50,715	4.4	5.3	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	100	65	35	5.7	6.4	4.8	105,855	64,420	41,430	3.7	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	610	520	95	34.8	51.0	13.0	334,875	238,370	96,505	11.6	16.2	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	400	320	75	22.8	31.4	10.3	154,515	102,955	51,560	5.4	7.0	3.6
$125,000 and over	215	195	15	12.3	19.1	2.1	180,360	135,420	44,940	6.2	9.2	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	2,175	1,140	1,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,045	1,095	950	94.0	96.1	91.8	3,960,225	1,926,690	2,033,535	94.3	94.1	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,400	107,000	32,800	58,400	107,000	32,800	38,400	46,000	32,800	38,400	46,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,060	1,095	965	94.7	96.1	93.2	3,968,465	1,928,380	2,040,085	94.5	94.1	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	84,000	29,000	50,400	84,000	29,000	34,800	40,800	30,000	34,800	40,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,940	1,065	875	89.2	93.4	84.5	3,614,710	1,784,370	1,830,340	86.1	87.1	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,200	108,000	30,200	57,200	108,000	30,200	36,400	44,800	29,800	36,400	44,800	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,755	1,015	740	80.7	89.0	71.5	2,972,225	1,505,485	1,466,740	70.8	73.5	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,400	109,000	31,400	62,400	109,000	31,400	36,800	45,200	30,600	36,800	45,200	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,125	465	655	51.7	40.8	63.3	2,715,540	1,173,320	1,542,220	64.6	57.3	71.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,450	7,750	6,000	6,450	7,750	6,000	5,880	4,520	6,450	5,880	4,520	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	160	60	100	7.4	5.3	9.7	258,710	115,865	142,845	6.2	5.7	6.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,720	5,680	5,120	4,720	5,680	5,480	5,120	5,800	5,480	5,120	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	2,175	1,120	1,050	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,055	1,090	965	94.5	97.3	91.9	3,959,300	1,926,475	2,032,835	94.3	94.0	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	73,700	98,800	45,100	73,700	98,800	45,100	52,300	62,250	42,880	52,300	62,250	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,070	1,090	985	95.2	97.3	93.8	3,967,440	1,928,070	2,039,370	94.5	94.1	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,150	77,000	37,300	58,150	77,000	37,300	43,400	50,520	36,640	43,400	50,520	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,960	1,055	900	90.1	94.2	85.7	3,612,845	1,783,870	1,828,980	86.0	87.1	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	72,500	97,800	42,900	72,500	97,800	42,900	51,080	61,850	40,560	51,080	61,850	40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,755	1,010	745	80.7	90.2	71.0	2,971,405	1,506,375	1,465,035	70.7	73.5	68.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	74,100	95,000	45,500	74,100	95,000	45,500	49,120	58,700	39,280	49,120	58,700	39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,090	425	670	50.1	37.9	63.8	2,711,365	1,168,975	1,542,390	64.5	57.1	71.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,740	10,640	7,520	8,740	10,640	7,520	8,330	8,200	8,430	8,330	8,200	8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	195	75	115	9.0	6.7	11.0	258,380	115,595	142,790	6.2	5.6	6.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,000	6,300	5,800	5,000	6,300	7,140	6,310	7,810	7,140	6,310	7,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	2,180	1,125	1,050	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	845	530	315	38.8	47.1	30.0	1,288,260	729,135	559,120	30.7	35.6	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	110,000	120,000	58,000	110,000	120,000	58,000	60,400	68,000	52,800	60,400	68,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	99,600	120,800	64,000	99,600	120,800	64,000	72,800	82,200	60,600	72,800	82,200	60,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	540	280	255	24.8	24.9	24.3	1,128,665	516,540	612,120	26.9	25.2	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	42,800	102,000	29,600	42,800	102,000	29,600	25,200	29,400	22,600	25,200	29,400	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	65,200	92,000	36,800	65,200	92,000	36,800	36,280	43,320	30,320	36,280	43,320	30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.8	96.0	88.4	93.8	96.0	88.4	89.0	92.0	85.0	89.0	92.0	85.0
Employment income (%)	85.8	89.2	77.6	85.8	89.2	77.6	70.4	73.8	66.0	70.4	73.8	66.0
Government transfers (%)	6.3	4.2	11.5	6.3	4.2	11.5	10.9	8.0	14.9	10.9	8.0	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.7	0.8	0.4	1.7	0.9	0.6	1.3	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,155	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	345	...	...	...	...	...	600,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	815	...	...	...	...	...	1,441,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,160	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,400	...	...	126,400	...	...	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	103,200	...	...	103,200	...	...	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	340	...	...	...	...	...	600,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	77,600	...	...	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,200	...	...	62,200	...	...	46,680	...	...	46,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	820	...	...	...	...	...	1,441,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,800	...	...	146,800	...	...	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,200	...	...	120,200	...	...	109,600	...	...	109,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	30,080	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	13,160	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	19,290	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	41,735	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	1.7	...	...	82,340	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	2.2	...	...	63,830	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	0.9	...	...	64,895	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	1.7	...	...	75,105	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	1.7	...	...	73,975	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	40	...	...	3.4	...	...	73,180	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	55	...	...	4.7	...	...	144,895	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	45	...	...	3.9	...	...	139,140	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55	...	...	4.7	...	...	131,840	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	55	...	...	4.7	...	...	122,530	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	55	...	...	4.7	...	...	112,775	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	740	...	...	63.8	...	...	853,065	...	...	41.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	210	...	...	18.1	...	...	235,680	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	170	...	...	14.7	...	...	178,970	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	225	...	...	19.4	...	...	221,175	...	...	10.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	135	...	...	11.6	...	...	217,240	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	0.9	...	...	34,265	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	13,550	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	19,930	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	0.4	...	...	43,390	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	1.7	...	...	86,585	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	1.7	...	...	72,515	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	1.3	...	...	74,810	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	1.7	...	...	85,940	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	40	...	...	3.4	...	...	85,575	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	35	...	...	3.0	...	...	85,000	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	65	...	...	5.6	...	...	168,315	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	65	...	...	5.6	...	...	160,070	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	80	...	...	6.9	...	...	149,385	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	120	...	...	10.3	...	...	136,615	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	110	...	...	9.5	...	...	121,890	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	540	...	...	46.6	...	...	704,010	...	...	34.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	200	...	...	17.2	...	...	243,560	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	155	...	...	13.4	...	...	167,850	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	180	...	...	15.5	...	...	292,600	...	...	14.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	780	...	...	...	...	...	1,364,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	340	...	...	...	...	...	562,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	335	...	...	...	...	...	561,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	100	...	...	...	...	...	188,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	420	285	140	...	...	...	878,130	426,275	451,855	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	73,500	83,000	54,800	73,500	83,000	54,800	39,200	40,800	37,600	39,200	40,800	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,200	70,500	48,400	63,200	70,500	48,400	36,000	37,200	34,800	36,000	37,200	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	785	...	...	...	...	...	1,363,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	144,800	...	...	144,800	...	...	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,800	...	...	118,800	...	...	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	360	...	...	...	...	...	561,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,200	...	...	111,200	...	...	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	335	...	...	...	...	...	563,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000	...	...	168,000	...	...	161,800	...	...	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	85	...	...	...	...	...	186,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	425	255	165	...	...	...	875,470	423,270	452,200	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	76,400	82,000	68,000	76,400	82,000	68,000	50,240	53,050	47,600	50,240	53,050	47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,600	65,000	56,000	61,600	65,000	56,000	42,720	44,400	41,200	42,720	44,400	41,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	2,745	1,470	1,280	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	675	370	300	24.6	25.2	23.4	866,210	446,475	419,740	17.6	18.5	16.8
0 to 5 years	185	90	95	6.7	6.1	7.4	264,100	135,340	128,760	5.4	5.6	5.2
18 to 64 years	1,740	905	840	63.4	61.6	65.6	3,085,015	1,515,740	1,569,280	62.8	62.7	62.8
65 years and over	335	190	145	12.2	12.9	11.3	964,710	454,590	510,120	19.6	18.8	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	105	60	45	...	...	...	528,870	246,885	281,980	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	35	20	10	...	...	...	98,830	51,230	47,600	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	15	10	5	...	...	...	29,460	15,150	14,310	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	55	30	25	...	...	...	297,960	141,460	156,505	...	...	...
65 years and over	20	5	10	...	...	...	132,075	54,200	77,875	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	3.8	4.0	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.7	10.8	10.2	11.3	10.8	10.2	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	6.0	3.2	4.8	6.0	3.2	11.4	11.5	11.3	11.4	11.5	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	10.0	5.0	8.0	10.0	5.0	11.2	11.2	11.1	11.2	11.2	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.0	9.7	9.3	10.0	9.7	9.3	10.0
65 years and over (%)	5.0	2.5	8.0	5.0	2.5	8.0	13.7	11.9	15.3	13.7	11.9	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	2,745	1,465	1,280	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,825,465	2,371,915	2,453,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	670	370	300	24.4	25.3	23.4	848,955	437,500	411,455	17.6	18.4	16.8
0 to 5 years	185	90	95	6.7	6.1	7.4	259,060	132,740	126,320	5.4	5.6	5.1
18 to 64 years	1,740	900	840	63.4	61.4	65.6	3,033,655	1,490,215	1,543,435	62.9	62.8	62.9
65 years and over	335	195	145	12.2	13.3	11.3	942,860	444,195	498,660	19.5	18.7	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	40	25	20	...	...	...	279,035	139,265	139,770	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	...	...	...	44,480	23,070	21,410	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	5	0	0	...	...	...	11,690	6,045	5,640	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	30	20	10	...	...	...	201,000	101,455	99,545	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...	33,555	14,740	18,815	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.4	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.2	5.8	5.9	5.7	5.8	5.9	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.2	5.2	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	1.7	2.0	1.4	1.7	2.0	1.4	6.6	6.8	6.5	6.6	6.8	6.5
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.6	3.3	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	2,750	1,465	1,280	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	820	420	395	29.8	28.7	30.9	2,300,730	1,101,130	1,199,605	46.8	45.6	48.0
In bottom decile	110	60	50	4.0	4.1	3.9	516,435	247,990	268,445	10.5	10.3	10.7
In second decile	105	45	60	3.8	3.1	4.7	444,845	206,090	238,750	9.0	8.5	9.6
In third decile	175	95	80	6.4	6.5	6.3	436,965	208,575	228,385	8.9	8.6	9.1
In fourth decile	200	110	90	7.3	7.5	7.0	442,745	214,155	228,590	9.0	8.9	9.1
In fifth decile	230	115	115	8.4	7.8	9.0	459,740	224,315	235,420	9.4	9.3	9.4
In top half of the distribution	1,925	1,045	880	70.0	71.3	68.8	2,615,210	1,315,675	1,299,535	53.2	54.4	52.0
In sixth decile	325	170	150	11.8	11.6	11.7	475,780	234,975	240,805	9.7	9.7	9.6
In seventh decile	350	180	170	12.7	12.3	13.3	494,480	246,315	248,165	10.1	10.2	9.9
In eighth decile	415	220	190	15.1	15.0	14.8	518,565	260,640	257,925	10.5	10.8	10.3
In ninth decile	425	240	185	15.5	16.4	14.5	550,860	278,965	271,890	11.2	11.5	10.9
In top decile	410	225	180	14.9	15.4	14.1	575,535	294,785	280,750	11.7	12.2	11.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	2,745	...	...	2,745	...	...	4,915,940	...	...	4,915,940	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.248	...	...	0.248	...	...	0.346	...	...	0.346	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.224	...	...	0.224	...	...	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	2,750	1,470	1,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	2,640	1,420	1,220	96.0	96.6	94.9	4,461,290	2,220,225	2,241,070	90.1	91.2	89.0
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,785	810	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	105	45	60	3.8	3.1	4.7	326,865	146,310	180,565	6.6	6.0	7.2
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	0.2	0.0	0.4	161,720	67,240	94,475	3.3	2.8	3.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	2,750	1,470	1,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,715	1,450	1,260	98.7	98.6	98.1	4,718,195	2,332,370	2,385,825	95.3	95.8	94.8
French	25	15	15	0.9	1.0	1.2	56,495	28,130	28,370	1.1	1.2	1.1
English and French	5	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	18,145	8,260	9,885	0.4	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	0.2	0.0	0.4	158,820	65,825	92,995	3.2	2.7	3.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	2,750	1,470	1,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	2,720	1,455	1,265	98.9	99.0	98.4	4,761,600	2,343,570	2,418,030	96.2	96.3	96.1
Official languages	2,590	1,400	1,190	94.2	95.2	92.6	3,382,455	1,699,060	1,683,395	68.3	69.8	66.9
English	2,560	1,385	1,170	93.1	94.2	91.1	3,325,035	1,670,420	1,654,615	67.1	68.6	65.7
French	35	15	20	1.3	1.0	1.6	57,420	28,645	28,780	1.2	1.2	1.1
Non-official languages	130	55	75	4.7	3.7	5.8	1,379,145	644,515	734,630	27.9	26.5	29.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,490	2,600	2,890	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	390	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	310	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	305	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	150	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,560	710	850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	705	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	280	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	210	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	510	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	120	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	505	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	295	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	380	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	180	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	130	55	75	4.7	3.7	5.8	1,373,655	641,910	731,745	27.7	26.4	29.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,195	17,710	15,485	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	70	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,005	1,025	980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	805	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,020	16,575	14,450	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,620	790	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,970	12,330	10,640	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	770	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	295	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	405	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,260	1,275	980	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,455	1,310	1,150	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,145	15,270	18,875	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	670	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,560	14,580	17,985	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	15	25	1.3	1.0	1.9	104,100	42,685	61,415	2.1	1.8	2.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	180	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	550	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,585	1,405	2,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	345	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,895	755	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,325	2,650	3,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,080	1,730	2,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	85	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	165	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	5	25	0.9	0.3	1.9	82,835	33,800	49,045	1.7	1.4	1.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	125	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	425	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	465	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	170	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,260	7,225	6,035	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	290	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,740	2,590	2,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,055	2,645	2,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,810	1,650	1,160	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	25	35	2.0	1.7	2.7	657,345	321,395	335,955	13.3	13.2	13.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	850	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,350	650	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.4	81,655	37,525	44,135	1.6	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,065	475	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	250	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	220	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.4	80,590	37,050	43,540	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,025	960	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	5,855	2,770	3,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,810	7,190	8,625	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,660	12,825	15,835	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,425	8,055	8,365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	805	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,805	3,255	3,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,665	3,855	3,815	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	145	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,275	1,475	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	430	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	7,120	3,120	4,000	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	225	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	20	1.1	1.0	1.6	84,375	39,695	44,675	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.8	53,255	24,820	28,435	1.1	1.0	1.1
German	10	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.4	50,695	23,575	27,125	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	2,330	1,130	1,205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5	0.4	0.7	0.4	23,295	11,250	12,040	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	3,700	1,830	1,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	10	5	0	0.4	0.3	0.0	17,345	8,325	9,020	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,580	775	810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,530	3,465	4,060	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,625	1,700	1,925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	720	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,175	940	1,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,545	2,925	2,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	368,635	184,325	184,310	7.4	7.6	7.3
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	306,465	153,205	153,260	6.2	6.3	6.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,765	2,640	2,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,250	4,130	4,120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,390	16,270	16,120	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,195	510	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,605	840	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,725	900	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	240,865	119,945	120,915	4.9	4.9	4.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	155	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	960	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,210	6,195	6,015	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	325	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	62,135	31,100	31,030	1.3	1.3	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,775	1,510	1,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	760	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,700	28,670	29,030	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,005	2,965	3,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	46,395	23,045	23,355	0.9	0.9	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,295	2,665	2,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	5	0.4	0.0	0.4	113,685	55,180	58,505	2.3	2.3	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,805	10,000	9,800	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,320	11,490	12,840	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,775	4,250	4,525	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	10	0	5	0.4	0.0	0.4	60,465	29,260	31,205	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,030	7,135	14,895	0.4	0.3	0.6
Korean	5	5	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	59,935	26,815	33,125	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	185	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,910	2,455	2,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	300	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	170	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	520	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	305	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	360	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	215	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	120	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	560	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	500	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	0.2	0.3	0.4	419,855	189,740	230,115	8.5	7.8	9.1
Chinese languages	5	5	5	0.2	0.3	0.4	417,290	188,495	228,795	8.4	7.7	9.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,080	895	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205,205	91,455	113,750	4.1	3.8	4.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,780	5,240	6,540	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,200	1,405	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	192,140	88,195	103,945	3.9	3.6	4.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,560	1,155	1,405	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,205	1,280	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	485	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	305	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	215	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,395	1,380	3,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	525	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,170	800	2,365	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	6,055	3,325	2,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	345	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	40	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,765	2,685	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	0	0.4	0.3	0.0	11,275	5,160	6,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	235	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	3,005	1,240	1,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.2	0.3	0.4	7,700	3,685	4,015	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.2	190,055	91,010	99,040	3.8	3.7	3.9
English and French	10	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.4	17,320	8,415	8,905	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.8	150,730	72,755	77,980	3.0	3.0	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,395	1,135	1,260	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,960	1,335	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,645	7,375	9,270	0.3	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	2,750	1,470	1,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,615	1,405	1,210	95.1	95.6	94.2	3,491,395	1,745,260	1,746,140	70.5	71.7	69.4
French	10	0	5	0.4	0.0	0.4	11,050	5,420	5,625	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	15	10	5	0.5	0.7	0.4	464,235	216,230	248,005	9.4	8.9	9.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	320	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	5	0.5	0.7	0.4	463,590	215,910	247,685	9.4	8.9	9.8
English and French	10	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.4	42,645	19,975	22,670	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	55	3.5	3.1	4.3	880,090	419,520	460,570	17.8	17.2	18.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,065	480	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,610	9,790	11,820	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,565	17,910	21,660	0.8	0.7	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	2,750	1,470	1,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	2,730	1,460	1,270	99.3	99.3	98.8	4,753,615	2,340,025	2,413,590	96.0	96.1	95.9
Official languages	2,675	1,435	1,245	97.3	97.6	96.9	3,906,070	1,939,330	1,966,740	78.9	79.7	78.1
English	2,670	1,430	1,235	97.1	97.3	96.1	3,888,825	1,930,925	1,957,900	78.5	79.3	77.8
French	10	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.4	17,245	8,400	8,845	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	55	30	20	2.0	2.0	1.6	847,550	400,695	446,850	17.1	16.5	17.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,215	595	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	235	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	120	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	20	2.0	2.0	1.6	846,335	400,100	446,235	17.1	16.4	17.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,805	10,000	9,805	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	570	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	455	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,605	9,405	9,195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	345	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,845	6,995	6,850	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	545	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	290	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,030	535	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	975	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,705	9,915	11,790	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	360	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,890	9,535	11,350	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5	0.5	0.3	0.4	54,720	24,615	30,105	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	260	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,735	780	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	390	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,280	1,480	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	675	700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	195	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.4	45,380	20,305	25,080	0.9	0.8	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	175	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	200	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,005	4,180	3,825	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,890	1,545	1,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,185	1,585	1,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	895	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	10	5	0.5	0.7	0.4	364,340	179,590	184,745	7.4	7.4	7.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	345	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	315	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,875	16,185	17,690	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,650	16,070	17,580	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	430	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	875	890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,250	2,470	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,090	7,655	8,435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,745	3,270	3,480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	885	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,010	1,990	2,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	510	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,630	755	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	12,280	5,870	6,410	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,805	3,690	4,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,320	3,455	3,865	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	230	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,785	1,850	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,725	850	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	720	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	215	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	320	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	105	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	145	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,915	900	1,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	263,030	130,695	132,330	5.3	5.4	5.3
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220,735	110,140	110,605	4.5	4.5	4.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,410	1,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,160	2,050	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,670	8,855	8,815	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	185	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	400	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	570	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	184,065	91,825	92,240	3.7	3.8	3.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	940	445	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,235	4,095	4,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,285	20,560	21,725	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	900	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	490	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,475	19,095	20,375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,785	1,900	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,375	15,665	16,710	0.7	0.6	0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,405	1,640	1,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	51,830	25,240	26,590	1.0	1.0	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,475	1,930	2,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,670	6,055	6,615	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,620	1,740	1,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	5	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	30,960	15,455	15,500	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,220	4,190	6,035	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	5	5	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	45,525	20,925	24,600	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	705	780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	175	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,720	970	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,390	790	605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	180	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	0.2	0.3	0.4	310,860	141,235	169,630	6.3	5.8	6.7
Chinese languages	5	5	5	0.2	0.3	0.4	309,165	140,385	168,780	6.2	5.8	6.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	270	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	162,130	73,835	88,295	3.3	3.0	3.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,285	2,850	3,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	930	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	136,525	61,785	74,745	2.8	2.5	3.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	650	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	830	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	325	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	270	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	240	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	130	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,570	655	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	235	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	390	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,030	1,540	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,500	1,290	1,205	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	2,375	1,100	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	210	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,815	855	955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	20	5	15	0.7	0.3	1.2	198,040	94,560	103,480	4.0	3.9	4.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,210	3,415	3,800	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.7	0.3	1.2	183,010	87,560	95,445	3.7	3.6	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	245	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,525	735	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,760	2,605	3,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	2,745	1,465	1,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	2,660	1,425	1,235	96.9	97.3	96.1	4,130,200	2,045,235	2,084,970	83.4	84.0	82.8
English	30	20	15	1.1	1.4	1.2	304,845	147,605	157,245	6.2	6.1	6.2
French	10	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.4	34,575	15,995	18,575	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	40	15	20	1.5	1.0	1.6	379,250	176,935	202,310	7.7	7.3	8.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,140	2,360	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	40	15	20	1.5	1.0	1.6	374,105	174,580	199,525	7.6	7.2	7.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,740	1,245	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	46,940	22,760	24,175	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,880	5,335	6,550	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	300	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	40,580	19,180	21,395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	2,750	1,425	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	2,745	1,425	1,320	99.8	100.0	99.6	4,754,865	2,350,105	2,404,760	96.7	97.2	96.2
English	2,745	1,425	1,320	99.8	100.0	99.6	4,753,275	2,349,445	2,403,835	96.7	97.2	96.2
French	110	45	75	4.0	3.2	5.7	327,350	145,985	181,370	6.7	6.0	7.3
Non-official languages	225	90	135	8.2	6.3	10.2	1,780,325	838,795	941,525	36.2	34.7	37.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,560	7,740	8,820	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	885	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,450	675	775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,425	660	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	195	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	360	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	175	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	160	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,540	1,580	1,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,490	1,570	1,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	675	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	395	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	80	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	100	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,145	2,450	2,695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	665	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	285	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	270	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,060	475	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	165	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	130	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	315	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,610	1,310	1,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	545	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	585	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	205	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,145	965	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	145	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	160	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	790	335	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	300	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	140	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	225	90	135	8.2	6.3	10.2	1,764,475	831,400	933,075	35.9	34.4	37.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,895	27,105	23,785	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	140	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	90	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	155	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	135	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,745	1,470	1,275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	280	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,180	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,405	25,830	22,570	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,100	1,605	1,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,595	19,250	16,355	0.7	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,270	1,165	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	495	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	510	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	190	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,995	3,570	3,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,435	1,890	1,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,030	19,965	24,070	0.9	0.8	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,210	1,020	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,975	19,020	22,950	0.9	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	10	20	0.9	0.7	1.5	148,455	61,285	87,165	3.0	2.5	3.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	370	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	655	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,995	2,485	3,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	500	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,135	1,215	1,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,285	4,555	6,725	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,810	3,175	3,640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	115	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	70	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,485	1,665	1,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	675	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	375	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.8	133,780	54,495	79,285	2.7	2.3	3.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	360	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,590	1,580	2,005	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,230	1,610	1,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	225	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,070	520	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	450	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	280	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,585	11,060	9,530	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	885	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,765	3,705	3,060	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,740	5,125	4,610	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,860	2,760	2,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	140	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	155	60	95	5.6	4.2	7.2	906,560	443,600	462,960	18.4	18.4	18.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	1,045	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,600	765	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.1	101,395	47,765	53,630	2.1	2.0	2.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,480	695	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	330	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	365	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.1	100,340	47,265	53,075	2.0	2.0	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	140	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,475	1,190	1,285	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,935	3,815	4,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	260	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,640	9,130	10,510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0	42,390	19,800	22,590	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,625	10,790	10,835	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,150	1,540	1,605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,060	5,345	5,715	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,070	5,640	5,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	255	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,315	1,945	2,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	585	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,205	5,430	6,775	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,675	1,430	1,245	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	920	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	290	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	100	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	25	45	2.7	1.8	3.4	128,605	60,765	67,835	2.6	2.5	2.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	210	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	15	0.9	1.1	1.1	86,275	41,190	45,085	1.8	1.7	1.8
German	25	15	15	0.9	1.1	1.1	84,325	40,275	44,050	1.7	1.7	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,030	1,415	1,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	225	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	15	30	1.6	1.1	2.3	34,480	16,520	17,965	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,755	5,050	4,705	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.8	22,380	10,375	12,005	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	175	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,180	1,055	1,130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	200	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,425	5,520	6,910	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,950	2,235	2,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	130	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,125	1,420	1,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,730	2,125	2,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	135	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,005	4,630	4,375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	477,485	240,310	237,175	9.7	9.9	9.5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	406,375	204,750	201,625	8.3	8.5	8.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,565	3,480	3,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,340	7,060	7,280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	134,950	67,645	67,300	2.7	2.8	2.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,925	1,295	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	400	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,555	1,910	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,445	1,270	1,180	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315,000	158,625	156,375	6.4	6.6	6.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	350	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,440	1,630	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,780	13,590	12,190	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	855	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	73,745	37,010	36,730	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,875	2,110	1,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	115	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,645	1,545	1,105	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	68,960	34,500	34,460	1.4	1.4	1.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,235	4,005	4,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55,745	27,930	27,815	1.1	1.2	1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,780	2,995	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	135	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	135	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	25	35	2.2	1.8	2.6	211,725	100,750	110,975	4.3	4.2	4.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	270	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,370	17,200	19,170	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,005	16,050	16,955	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,210	5,470	5,745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	50	20	30	1.8	1.4	2.3	143,900	68,245	75,660	2.9	2.8	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	380	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,835	17,590	24,240	0.9	0.7	1.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	69,935	31,335	38,600	1.4	1.3	1.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	250	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,290	6,795	6,495	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	695	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	155	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	125	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	205	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	35	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	485	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	280	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	260	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	130	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,205	2,735	2,475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,815	935	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,275	1,215	1,060	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	315	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	235	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,965	3,150	4,815	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,020	2,700	4,320	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	515	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8	491,660	225,430	266,230	10.0	9.3	10.7
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8	488,465	223,825	264,650	9.9	9.3	10.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,615	1,645	1,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8	312,625	140,985	171,640	6.4	5.8	6.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,065	10,615	13,450	0.5	0.4	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,760	2,020	2,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	246,045	112,580	133,465	5.0	4.7	5.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,025	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,375	1,710	1,665	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,730	870	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	130	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	375	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	340	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	320	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	150	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,725	2,635	4,085	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,635	735	900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,310	1,960	3,350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,910	5,605	5,305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	880	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	70	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,230	4,805	4,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	135	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	125	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	13,510	6,345	7,165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	310	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,635	1,675	1,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,230	4,395	4,840	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,745	1,425	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	325	175	160	11.8	12.3	12.1	290,210	141,210	148,995	5.9	5.8	6.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	310	160	155	11.3	11.2	11.7	279,670	136,400	143,265	5.7	5.6	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	90	55	35	3.3	3.9	2.6	180,085	87,860	92,225	3.7	3.6	3.7
Métis	200	100	100	7.3	7.0	7.5	97,860	47,745	50,120	2.0	2.0	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0	20	0.9	0.0	1.5	1,720	795	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,980	2,730	3,245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,560	2,075	2,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	2,420	1,255	1,170	88.2	88.1	88.3	4,625,735	2,275,675	2,350,060	94.1	94.2	94.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,745	1,425	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	35	25	10	1.3	1.8	0.8	136,875	66,610	70,265	2.8	2.8	2.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,710	1,400	1,310	98.7	98.2	98.9	4,779,065	2,350,275	2,428,790	97.2	97.2	97.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	975	...	...	84.1	...	...	1,363,190	...	...	66.8	...	...
Renter	185	...	...	15.9	...	...	669,450	...	...	32.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	9,190	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	165	...	...	14.2	...	...	482,755	...	...	23.6	...	...
Not condominium	990	...	...	85.3	...	...	1,559,075	...	...	76.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	30,855	...	...	1.5	...	...
1 bedroom	95	...	...	8.2	...	...	354,020	...	...	17.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	220	...	...	19.0	...	...	569,180	...	...	27.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	385	...	...	33.2	...	...	539,910	...	...	26.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	460	...	...	39.7	...	...	547,870	...	...	26.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	250	...	...	21.6	...	...	766,380	...	...	37.5	...	...
5 rooms	210	...	...	18.1	...	...	300,895	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	145	...	...	12.5	...	...	248,045	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	210	...	...	18.1	...	...	205,105	...	...	10.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	345	...	...	29.7	...	...	521,410	...	...	25.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,150	...	...	99.1	...	...	1,984,655	...	...	97.2	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	0.9	...	...	57,180	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	1,145	...	...	98.7	...	...	1,919,140	...	...	94.0	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	1.3	...	...	122,700	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	15	...	...	1.3	...	...	256,175	...	...	12.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	630	...	...	54.3	...	...	550,690	...	...	27.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	245	...	...	21.1	...	...	289,940	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	60	...	...	5.2	...	...	336,315	...	...	16.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	35	...	...	3.0	...	...	122,855	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	80	...	...	6.9	...	...	164,165	...	...	8.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	80	...	...	6.9	...	...	135,725	...	...	6.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	20	...	...	1.7	...	...	185,965	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,105	...	...	95.3	...	...	1,922,640	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	55	...	...	4.7	...	...	119,195	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	670	...	...	57.8	...	...	1,003,245	...	...	49.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	480	...	...	41.4	...	...	904,960	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	0.9	...	...	133,630	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	45	...	...	3.9	...	...	57,980	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	195	...	...	16.8	...	...	282,195	...	...	13.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	275	...	...	23.7	...	...	343,380	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	210	...	...	18.1	...	...	354,340	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	200	...	...	17.2	...	...	407,735	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	180	...	...	15.5	...	...	347,335	...	...	17.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	45	...	...	3.9	...	...	182,155	...	...	8.9	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	66,710	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,155	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,988,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,065	...	...	92.2	...	...	1,481,365	...	...	74.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	95	...	...	8.2	...	...	506,850	...	...	25.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70	...	...	6.1	...	...	434,390	...	...	21.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...	13.8	...	...	683,985	...	...	33.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	85	...	...	7.3	...	...	451,550	...	...	22.1	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	1.3	...	...	89,300	...	...	4.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	45	...	...	3.9	...	...	80,200	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	23,945	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.9	...	...	29,585	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	7,640	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	1,770	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	1,005	...	...	86.6	...	...	1,357,845	...	...	66.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,135	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,915,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	45	...	...	4.0	...	...	257,090	...	...	13.4	...	...
Not in core need	1,095	...	...	96.5	...	...	1,658,665	...	...	86.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	975	...	...	...	...	...	1,330,795	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.2	...	...	69.2	...	...	57.5	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...	19.3	...	...	19.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,242	...	...	1,242	...	...	1,668	...	...	1,668	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	785,000	...	...	785,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	308,000	...	...	308,000	...	...	983,000	...	...	983,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	180	...	...	...	...	...	663,870	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...	37.8	...	...	37.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...	24.7	...	...	24.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...	1,494	...	...	1,494	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	9,190	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	11.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	368	...	...	368	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	446	...	...	446	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	2,745	1,420	1,320	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	55	30	30	2.0	2.1	2.3	120,245	59,370	60,880	2.4	2.5	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	55	30	30	2.0	2.1	2.3	118,210	58,475	59,730	2.4	2.4	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15	15	0	0.5	1.1	0.0	100,805	49,745	51,060	2.1	2.1	2.0
Métis single ancestry	35	15	25	1.3	1.1	1.9	16,830	8,485	8,350	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	570	245	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,040	890	1,145	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,870	830	1,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	260	130	130	9.5	9.2	9.8	191,640	92,300	99,335	3.9	3.8	4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	250	120	130	9.1	8.5	9.8	184,975	89,155	95,825	3.8	3.7	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	135	75	65	4.9	5.3	4.9	123,735	59,635	64,100	2.5	2.5	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	40	45	3.3	2.8	3.4	59,905	28,840	31,070	1.2	1.2	1.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.1	1,330	680	655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0	6,665	3,145	3,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0	6,390	3,035	3,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	60	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	2,430	1,265	1,165	88.5	89.1	88.3	4,604,055	2,265,220	2,338,840	93.7	93.7	93.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	2,745	1,420	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	2,675	1,400	1,270	97.4	98.6	95.8	4,359,045	2,149,325	2,209,725	88.7	88.9	88.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	680	355	325	24.8	25.0	24.5	812,305	418,815	393,495	16.5	17.3	15.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,990	1,050	940	72.5	73.9	70.9	3,546,745	1,730,505	1,816,235	72.1	71.6	72.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	70	20	50	2.6	1.4	3.8	556,895	267,560	289,330	11.3	11.1	11.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	2,745	1,420	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	2,535	1,355	1,185	92.3	95.4	89.4	3,319,230	1,663,815	1,655,410	67.5	68.8	66.2
Immigrants⁸¹	205	70	130	7.5	4.9	9.8	1,425,710	665,630	760,085	29.0	27.5	30.4
Before 1980	50	20	30	1.8	1.4	2.3	280,160	133,415	146,745	5.7	5.5	5.9
1980 to 1990	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.5	164,445	76,815	87,630	3.3	3.2	3.5
1991 to 2000	30	15	20	1.1	1.1	1.5	299,115	137,275	161,840	6.1	5.7	6.5
2001 to 2010	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0	316,915	145,825	171,090	6.4	6.0	6.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	85	25	60	3.1	1.8	4.5	365,075	172,295	192,780	7.4	7.1	7.7
2011 to 2015	70	20	45	2.6	1.4	3.4	167,650	78,200	89,450	3.4	3.2	3.6
2016 to 2021	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.1	197,425	94,095	103,325	4.0	3.9	4.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8	171,000	87,440	83,560	3.5	3.6	3.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	205	70	130	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	20	10	10	9.8	14.3	7.7	117,555	59,560	57,995	8.2	8.9	7.6
5 to 14 years	55	10	45	26.8	14.3	34.6	226,910	116,660	110,250	15.9	17.5	14.5
15 to 24 years	15	10	0	7.3	14.3	0.0	275,435	124,860	150,575	19.3	18.8	19.8
25 to 44 years	90	30	65	43.9	42.9	50.0	639,200	288,950	350,255	44.8	43.4	46.1
45 years and over	25	15	10	12.2	21.4	7.7	166,605	75,600	91,010	11.7	11.4	12.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	205	70	130	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	20	30	24.4	28.6	23.1	126,075	58,445	67,635	8.8	8.8	8.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,765	4,120	4,645	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,450	2,440	3,010	0.4	0.4	0.4
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,770	2,990	2,780	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	585	815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	285	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,295	2,190	2,105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	10	0	10	4.9	0.0	7.7	13,385	5,910	7,480	0.9	0.9	1.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,510	1,535	1,975	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,725	1,255	1,470	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	10	10	0	4.9	14.3	0.0	59,920	27,535	32,380	4.2	4.1	4.3
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	4.9	0.0	0.0	20,355	9,600	10,760	1.4	1.4	1.4
Europe	80	25	55	39.0	35.7	42.3	307,495	151,050	156,445	21.6	22.7	20.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,510	2,205	2,305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,390	2,670	2,725	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,025	3,650	3,380	0.5	0.5	0.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,910	14,710	16,200	2.2	2.2	2.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,350	1,895	1,460	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,115	2,395	2,720	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,410	6,920	6,490	0.9	1.0	0.9
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,070	7,985	8,085	1.1	1.2	1.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,305	6,610	7,700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,785	3,765	4,020	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,370	4,490	4,885	0.7	0.7	0.6
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,170	5,240	6,930	0.9	0.8	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,565	2,275	2,285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,450	4,390	5,060	0.7	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	10	20	14.6	14.3	15.4	116,525	58,485	58,045	8.2	8.8	7.6
Other places of birth in Europe	30	10	25	14.6	14.3	19.2	47,545	23,380	24,170	3.3	3.5	3.2
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,330	27,245	26,085	3.7	4.1	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	325	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	540	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,310	1,900	1,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,440	1,050	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,270	610	655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,585	1,880	1,700	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	625	620	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,380	7,710	7,670	1.1	1.2	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,955	10,905	11,050	1.5	1.6	1.5
Asia	30	0	20	14.6	0.0	15.4	905,585	412,460	493,125	63.5	62.0	64.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,245	3,065	3,185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,970	23,175	22,795	3.2	3.5	3.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,000	3,750	3,245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,455	1,390	1,065	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,545	3,420	3,130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,095	1,690	1,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	217,970	94,905	123,065	15.3	14.3	16.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,855	36,815	42,035	5.5	5.5	5.5
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	47,520	21,345	26,180	3.3	3.2	3.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,445	18,100	22,340	2.8	2.7	2.9
Philippines	20	0	15	9.8	0.0	11.5	131,645	54,350	77,300	9.2	8.2	10.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,390	14,475	17,915	2.3	2.2	2.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,035	1,520	1,520	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	197,115	96,630	100,480	13.8	14.5	13.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,345	6,910	6,430	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,375	2,595	2,775	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	66,580	28,320	38,260	4.7	4.3	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10	9.8	14.3	7.7	33,225	16,430	16,800	2.3	2.5	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	20	0	15	100.0	0.0	100.0	197,420	94,095	103,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,835	10,990	11,850	11.6	11.7	11.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,130	2,430	2,695	2.6	2.6	2.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	495	580	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	515	490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,045	1,450	1,595	1.5	1.5	1.5
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,760	4,325	4,430	4.4	4.6	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	205	330	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,265	1,545	1,720	1.7	1.6	1.7
Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,290	13,375	11,920	12.8	14.2	11.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,730	935	795	0.9	1.0	0.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,380	680	705	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,420	1,485	935	1.2	1.6	0.9
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	555	445	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,075	835	1,235	1.1	0.9	1.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	885	1,045	1.0	0.9	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,675	4,510	3,165	3.9	4.8	3.1
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,090	3,490	3,605	3.6	3.7	3.5
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,465	5,545	4,915	5.3	5.9	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	35	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	205	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	350	255	0.3	0.4	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,515	935	585	0.8	1.0	0.6
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	340	275	0.3	0.4	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,770	925	845	0.9	1.0	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,965	945	1,015	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,420	1,245	1,180	1.2	1.3	1.1
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	134,395	61,590	72,805	68.1	65.5	70.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,325	700	625	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	340	315	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,450	13,060	18,390	15.9	13.9	17.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,515	1,125	1,390	1.3	1.2	1.3
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,390	20,140	19,245	20.0	21.4	18.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,850	2,865	2,980	3.0	3.0	2.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	840	705	0.8	0.9	0.7
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	365	240	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,090	500	1,590	1.1	0.5	1.5
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	200	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,220	2,935	4,280	3.7	3.1	4.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	175	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	195	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,390	1,300	1,090	1.2	1.4	1.1
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,220	9,170	12,055	10.7	9.7	11.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	340	230	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	710	330	380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,955	2,635	2,320	2.5	2.8	2.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	615	410	0.5	0.7	0.4
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	305	320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,845	995	1,850	1.4	1.1	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,215	2,450	3,770	3.1	2.6	3.6
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,440	2,600	1,840	2.2	2.8	1.8
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,280	1,965	1,315	1.7	2.1	1.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	630	530	0.6	0.7	0.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	2,750	1,425	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	225	75	150	8.2	5.3	11.3	1,657,625	783,205	874,415	33.7	32.4	35.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	245	130	115	8.9	9.1	8.7	1,068,600	536,615	531,985	21.7	22.2	21.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	2,280	1,220	1,060	82.9	85.6	80.0	2,189,720	1,097,065	1,092,655	44.5	45.4	43.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	145	45	105	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	95	30	65	65.5	66.7	61.9	661,395	320,875	340,525	57.7	60.3	55.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	35	30	0	24.1	66.7	0.0	273,695	157,230	116,470	23.9	29.5	19.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	60	0	60	41.4	0.0	57.1	387,700	163,640	224,055	33.8	30.7	36.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	55	15	40	37.9	33.3	38.1	372,185	152,795	219,390	32.5	28.7	35.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	97,720	52,250	45,470	8.5	9.8	7.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,250	6,295	7,960	1.2	1.2	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	145	45	105	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,320	15,640	11,685	2.4	2.9	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	60	30	30	41.4	66.7	28.6	138,760	59,130	79,630	12.1	11.1	13.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,690	20,075	20,615	3.6	3.8	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	71,860	33,525	38,335	6.3	6.3	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,145	2,030	3,110	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	75	20	55	51.7	44.4	52.4	861,775	401,815	459,965	75.2	75.5	75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	2,750	1,425	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	140	60	85	5.1	4.2	6.4	1,689,490	810,165	879,325	34.4	33.5	35.2
South Asian	20	15	10	0.7	1.1	0.8	473,965	240,475	233,495	9.6	9.9	9.3
Chinese	35	10	25	1.3	0.7	1.9	550,590	257,590	293,000	11.2	10.7	11.7
Black	25	15	10	0.9	1.1	0.8	61,760	31,965	29,790	1.3	1.3	1.2
Filipino	30	15	15	1.1	1.1	1.1	174,280	76,070	98,210	3.5	3.1	3.9
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,010	15,015	12,995	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin American	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8	65,970	31,960	34,015	1.3	1.3	1.4
Southeast Asian	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.8	71,785	33,340	38,445	1.5	1.4	1.5
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	69,270	34,800	34,470	1.4	1.4	1.4
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	72,815	33,390	39,425	1.5	1.4	1.6
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,120	18,335	25,790	0.9	0.8	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,080	8,935	9,145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	58,840	28,295	30,540	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	2,600	1,360	1,245	94.5	95.4	94.0	3,226,450	1,606,725	1,619,730	65.6	66.5	64.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	2,745	1,425	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,890	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	350	180	175	12.8	12.6	13.2	459,320	236,305	223,015	9.3	9.8	8.9
English	720	335	380	26.2	23.5	28.7	1,019,250	499,340	519,910	20.7	20.7	20.8
Irish	430	195	235	15.7	13.7	17.7	627,920	297,705	330,215	12.8	12.3	13.2
Scottish	620	285	335	22.6	20.0	25.3	774,455	376,280	398,170	15.8	15.6	15.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	335	170	165	12.2	11.9	12.5	312,750	150,460	162,290	6.4	6.2	6.5
German	585	340	240	21.3	23.9	18.1	539,145	263,480	275,665	11.0	10.9	11.0
Chinese	25	0	25	0.9	0.0	1.9	517,805	242,015	275,785	10.5	10.0	11.0
Italian	55	20	30	2.0	1.4	2.3	162,485	81,275	81,205	3.3	3.4	3.2
Indian (India)	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	275,975	138,885	137,090	5.6	5.7	5.5
Ukrainian	235	130	100	8.6	9.1	7.5	210,100	102,030	108,065	4.3	4.2	4.3
Dutch	125	70	60	4.6	4.9	4.5	189,985	94,390	95,600	3.9	3.9	3.8
Polish	165	85	80	6.0	6.0	6.0	134,635	63,780	70,850	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,240	3,120	3,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	110	40	65	4.0	2.8	4.9	191,025	94,050	96,980	3.9	3.9	3.9
Filipino	25	15	10	0.9	1.1	0.8	172,915	75,990	96,930	3.5	3.1	3.9
French Canadian	40	30	15	1.5	2.1	1.1	39,930	19,400	20,535	0.8	0.8	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	75	50	30	2.7	3.5	2.3	82,175	42,475	39,700	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	50	30	20	1.8	2.1	1.5	105,005	51,270	53,735	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis	135	60	70	4.9	4.2	5.3	85,205	41,265	43,930	1.7	1.7	1.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	105	55	45	3.8	3.9	3.4	102,475	51,755	50,715	2.1	2.1	2.0
Russian	120	60	55	4.4	4.2	4.2	121,755	58,460	63,295	2.5	2.4	2.5
Norwegian	130	40	95	4.7	2.8	7.2	137,170	65,790	71,385	2.8	2.7	2.9
Welsh	115	30	80	4.2	2.1	6.0	104,225	49,190	55,035	2.1	2.0	2.2
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,755	19,465	20,290	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	71,530	34,865	36,660	1.5	1.4	1.5
Spanish	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.1	54,365	25,030	29,335	1.1	1.0	1.2
Swedish	105	50	55	3.8	3.5	4.2	103,630	48,520	55,115	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hungarian	45	15	25	1.6	1.1	1.9	51,915	25,060	26,855	1.1	1.0	1.1
Acadian	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	7,025	3,455	3,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,050	9,780	9,275	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,520	9,370	9,150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,395	17,265	17,135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	93,395	47,650	45,740	1.9	2.0	1.8
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	51,890	24,430	27,455	1.1	1.0	1.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,590	6,755	5,840	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,300	11,910	11,390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	9,865	5,140	4,725	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	47,650	22,170	25,480	1.0	0.9	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	10	10	0.9	0.7	0.8	24,875	11,715	13,160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	72,025	33,110	38,915	1.5	1.4	1.6
Romanian	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0	30,195	14,590	15,605	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,440	4,310	4,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	49,390	24,720	24,675	1.0	1.0	1.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,865	6,995	6,870	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	85	40	50	3.1	2.8	3.8	54,865	26,740	28,130	1.1	1.1	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	45	35	15	1.6	2.5	1.1	24,140	11,670	12,470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	69,100	35,355	33,750	1.4	1.5	1.4
Austrian	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8	45,280	21,810	23,465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belgian	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	19,505	9,395	10,110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,215	640	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,405	10,140	9,265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.1	28,445	14,140	14,305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	25	15	10	0.9	1.1	0.8	20,925	10,530	10,395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	20	15	0	0.7	1.1	0.0	28,520	13,995	14,525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	33,680	16,290	17,390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,440	3,210	3,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,750	11,645	12,100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,640	23,430	31,215	1.1	1.0	1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,125	9,935	10,190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,840	2,340	2,500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,950	14,970	15,980	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,220	4,150	4,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,810	3,125	2,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,730	5,675	6,055	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,380	1,835	1,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,910	12,770	13,135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,315	3,555	3,760	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,020	980	1,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0	22,425	10,920	11,505	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,550	3,350	3,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,420	1,240	1,180	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,605	4,725	4,875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,515	2,250	2,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,660	6,575	6,080	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	35	25	10	1.3	1.8	0.8	4,530	2,415	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,020	14,470	15,550	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,315	1,570	1,750	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,155	9,840	9,315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,120	2,075	2,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,070	4,185	3,895	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.1	2,120	1,005	1,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,740	1,930	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	915	545	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,435	6,005	6,430	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,110	2,075	2,040	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,040	2,075	1,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0	11,565	5,520	6,045	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,810	5,340	6,470	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,665	1,460	1,205	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,530	17,430	20,100	0.8	0.7	0.8
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,590	2,350	2,240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,580	3,285	3,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,640	805	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,735	5,070	5,670	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,140	2,630	2,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,715	1,245	1,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	965	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,855	835	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,330	3,450	3,885	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,965	6,930	7,035	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	20	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.8	18,505	9,575	8,925	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,750	1,470	1,280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,220	3,100	3,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	780	715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8	2,015	885	1,125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,275	1,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,295	2,430	2,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,260	1,975	2,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,350	720	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,350	1,545	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	370	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,455	1,180	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,750	1,340	1,420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,235	605	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,340	2,485	2,855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,865	3,860	4,005	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	430	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,670	1,335	1,340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,245	1,230	1,015	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,535	790	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,645	1,850	1,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,355	1,205	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,545	2,955	3,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,720	1,785	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,430	1,690	1,735	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,670	905	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	985	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,500	2,320	2,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,580	2,605	2,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	285	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,285	2,660	2,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,770	895	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,785	1,910	1,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,835	810	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	70	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,860	2,450	2,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,370	745	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	220	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,415	1,320	1,095	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,440	3,890	4,550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,160	1,320	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,765	2,115	2,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,550	2,245	2,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,445	2,660	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	45	30	10	1.6	2.1	0.8	20,450	10,360	10,085	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	545	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	155	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,625	1,260	1,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,695	2,200	2,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,375	1,830	1,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,120	7,710	8,410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,370	4,345	4,025	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,695	1,480	1,210	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	445	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.8	5,745	2,120	3,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	415	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,305	1,130	1,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	415	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	445	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,610	1,250	1,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	505	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0	2,015	1,025	990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	135	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	655	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	640	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0	7,840	3,965	3,875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	460	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	185	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8	1,655	660	995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,420	2,535	2,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	360	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	450	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,890	1,400	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,950	1,390	1,565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	505	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	830	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	445	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	430	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	180	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	660	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,890	880	1,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	565	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,050	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	165	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	465	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	855	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	160	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	320	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	520	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	420	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	605	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,855	960	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	760	740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,920	1,345	1,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	95	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	200	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,540	705	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	485	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	740	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	495	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	465	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,625	1,255	1,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	365	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	355	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	615	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,225	1,120	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	890	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	195	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	510	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	320	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	470	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	195	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	390	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	620	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	290	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	200	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	260	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	590	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	110	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	340	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,205	600	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	485	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	260	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,630	1,165	1,460	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	520	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	335	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,095	570	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	2,745	1,425	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8	83,860	35,040	48,825	1.7	1.4	2.0
Christian	1,195	565	625	43.5	39.6	47.2	1,684,870	766,705	918,165	34.3	31.7	36.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	385	170	220	14.0	11.9	16.6	434,920	203,070	231,850	8.8	8.4	9.3
Anabaptist	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.8	21,275	10,210	11,065	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	75	35	40	2.7	2.5	3.0	137,485	59,595	77,885	2.8	2.5	3.1
Baptist	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.8	57,265	25,770	31,495	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	260	145	110	9.5	10.2	8.3	588,140	272,340	315,805	12.0	11.3	12.6
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,135	21,835	23,300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0	25,715	11,245	14,470	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	115	55	60	4.2	3.9	4.5	12,875	5,795	7,075	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	60	30	25	2.2	2.1	1.9	46,395	20,205	26,185	0.9	0.8	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,290	3,295	3,995	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	65	30	35	2.4	2.1	2.6	41,140	18,550	22,585	0.8	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	25	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.1	28,040	12,260	15,780	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,455	6,050	6,400	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	60	25	30	2.2	1.8	2.3	129,000	51,815	77,185	2.6	2.1	3.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	95	35	55	3.5	2.5	4.2	97,745	44,660	53,085	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	81,320	42,070	39,245	1.7	1.7	1.6
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,850	12,980	13,870	0.5	0.5	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125,915	63,375	62,535	2.6	2.6	2.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290,870	145,740	145,130	5.9	6.0	5.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,570	5,495	6,075	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8	51,440	20,890	30,555	1.0	0.9	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	1,530	855	675	55.7	60.0	50.9	2,559,250	1,324,585	1,234,660	52.1	54.8	49.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	2,725	1,420	1,305	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,875,955	2,396,280	2,479,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	2,325	1,220	1,105	85.3	85.9	84.7	4,169,710	2,050,165	2,119,540	85.5	85.6	85.5
Movers	400	195	205	14.7	13.7	15.7	706,245	346,115	360,130	14.5	14.4	14.5
Non-migrants	210	95	120	7.7	6.7	9.2	395,215	193,080	202,135	8.1	8.1	8.2
Migrants	190	105	85	7.0	7.4	6.5	311,030	153,035	157,990	6.4	6.4	6.4
Internal migrants	180	95	80	6.6	6.7	6.1	251,245	123,785	127,455	5.2	5.2	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	85	45	35	3.1	3.2	2.7	187,990	92,090	95,900	3.9	3.8	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	95	45	50	3.5	3.2	3.8	63,250	31,695	31,555	1.3	1.3	1.3
External migrants	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0	59,785	29,250	30,535	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	2,605	1,365	1,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,699,740	2,305,755	2,393,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	1,485	805	685	57.0	59.0	55.2	2,639,500	1,292,175	1,347,330	56.2	56.0	56.3
Movers	1,120	560	560	43.0	41.0	45.2	2,060,245	1,013,590	1,046,655	43.8	44.0	43.7
Non-migrants	265	140	130	10.2	10.3	10.5	757,040	372,900	384,135	16.1	16.2	16.0
Migrants	850	415	430	32.6	30.4	34.7	1,303,200	640,680	662,520	27.7	27.8	27.7
Internal migrants	845	415	425	32.4	30.4	34.3	1,016,025	498,920	517,105	21.6	21.6	21.6
Intraprovincial migrants	390	200	195	15.0	14.7	15.7	799,455	390,525	408,935	17.0	16.9	17.1
Interprovincial migrants	455	220	230	17.5	16.1	18.5	216,565	108,395	108,170	4.6	4.7	4.5
External migrants	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	287,175	141,765	145,415	6.1	6.1	6.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,180	1,125	1,050	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	365	220	145	16.7	19.6	13.8	643,330	341,470	301,860	15.3	16.7	14.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,815	905	910	83.3	80.4	86.7	3,557,095	1,706,925	1,850,170	84.7	83.3	86.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,530	780	745	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,860	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	160	95	65	10.5	12.2	8.7	259,010	148,785	110,220	9.6	11.3	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,370	685	685	89.5	87.8	91.9	2,432,850	1,164,475	1,268,375	90.4	88.7	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,175	1,125	1,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	280	160	125	12.9	14.2	11.8	565,665	292,000	273,665	13.5	14.3	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	820	415	405	37.7	36.9	38.4	1,238,000	610,685	627,320	29.5	29.8	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,070	550	525	49.2	48.9	49.8	2,396,755	1,145,715	1,251,040	57.1	55.9	58.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	795	445	350	36.6	39.6	33.2	1,197,050	598,425	598,620	28.5	29.2	27.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	360	295	65	16.6	26.2	6.2	323,635	243,815	79,815	7.7	11.9	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	85	55	30	3.9	4.9	2.8	133,020	78,330	54,685	3.2	3.8	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	275	240	35	12.6	21.3	3.3	190,615	165,490	25,130	4.5	8.1	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	410	145	270	18.9	12.9	25.6	711,810	289,555	422,255	16.9	14.1	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	0	20	1.1	0.0	1.9	161,600	65,055	96,545	3.8	3.2	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	280	105	175	12.9	9.3	16.6	1,199,710	547,285	652,420	28.6	26.7	30.3
Bachelor's degree	215	75	135	9.9	6.7	12.8	775,145	347,145	427,995	18.5	16.9	19.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	10	0.9	0.9	0.9	84,000	34,915	49,085	2.0	1.7	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,985	18,045	14,945	0.8	0.9	0.7
Master's degree	40	10	35	1.8	0.9	3.3	264,145	121,485	142,660	6.3	5.9	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	43,440	25,700	17,740	1.0	1.3	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,525	785	745	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,860	1,313,260	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	110	60	45	7.2	7.6	6.0	216,660	122,720	93,935	8.0	9.3	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	575	290	285	37.7	36.9	38.3	694,785	358,700	336,090	25.8	27.3	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	850	430	420	55.7	54.8	56.4	1,780,415	831,840	948,575	66.1	63.3	68.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	630	350	275	41.3	44.6	36.9	838,680	416,930	421,745	31.2	31.7	30.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	255	225	30	16.7	28.7	4.0	217,350	164,860	52,495	8.1	12.6	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	50	40	15	3.3	5.1	2.0	88,765	52,645	36,115	3.3	4.0	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	200	185	20	13.1	23.6	2.7	128,590	112,210	16,375	4.8	8.5	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	370	130	240	24.3	16.6	32.2	507,405	206,015	301,390	18.8	15.7	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	113,915	46,055	67,865	4.2	3.5	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	220	75	145	14.4	9.6	19.5	941,735	414,910	526,830	35.0	31.6	38.2
Bachelor's degree	160	55	110	10.5	7.0	14.8	610,735	267,470	343,270	22.7	20.4	24.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	10	1.3	1.3	1.3	63,310	25,280	38,030	2.4	1.9	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,675	11,985	12,690	0.9	0.9	0.9
Master's degree	35	10	25	2.3	1.3	3.4	212,745	93,655	119,090	7.9	7.1	8.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,275	16,520	13,755	1.1	1.3	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,175	1,125	1,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,105	575	530	50.8	51.1	50.2	1,803,665	902,685	900,990	42.9	44.1	41.9
Education	55	15	40	2.5	1.3	3.8	158,060	37,395	120,670	3.8	1.8	5.6
13. Education	55	15	40	2.5	1.3	3.8	158,060	37,395	120,670	3.8	1.8	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9	109,100	46,770	62,330	2.6	2.3	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,390	9,570	3,815	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9	95,715	37,200	58,510	2.3	1.8	2.7
Humanities	30	20	10	1.4	1.8	0.9	143,340	55,460	87,875	3.4	2.7	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,850	3,705	13,145	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,465	10,360	25,105	0.8	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,620	19,020	29,605	1.2	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,860	1,075	1,780	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,705	4,630	3,075	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,220	7,385	4,835	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,035	8,595	7,450	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,580	695	2,880	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	65	0	55	3.0	0.0	5.2	288,970	102,380	186,590	6.9	5.0	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,140	1,360	3,780	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,375	11,580	19,795	0.7	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	35	0	35	1.6	0.0	3.3	39,140	3,530	35,610	0.9	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,255	15,575	28,680	1.1	0.8	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,625	2,525	4,105	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,080	13,955	38,125	1.2	0.7	1.8
45. Social sciences	25	0	15	1.1	0.0	1.4	110,350	53,860	56,495	2.6	2.6	2.6
Business, management and public administration	185	20	170	8.5	1.8	16.1	493,290	201,060	292,230	11.7	9.8	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	220	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	0	20	0.9	0.0	1.9	30,855	6,685	24,175	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	165	20	145	7.6	1.8	13.7	461,790	194,160	267,625	11.0	9.5	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	0.9	106,515	54,495	52,015	2.5	2.7	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,910	19,580	25,330	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,655	12,030	13,620	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	665	1,220	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0	30,600	21,085	9,515	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,470	1,140	2,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	105,555	69,245	36,310	2.5	3.4	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	83,795	58,985	24,810	2.0	2.9	1.2
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,145	865	5,280	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,030	7,715	5,320	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,580	1,680	900	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	460	400	55	21.1	35.6	5.2	458,590	409,460	49,135	10.9	20.0	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,025	11,490	7,535	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	65	50	15	3.0	4.4	1.4	119,995	96,730	23,260	2.9	4.7	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	35	25	10	1.6	2.2	0.9	83,585	73,495	10,085	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	105	95	15	4.8	8.4	1.4	104,445	101,120	3,325	2.5	4.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	155	145	0	7.1	12.9	0.0	86,325	83,625	2,700	2.1	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	105	95	10	4.8	8.4	0.9	45,110	42,955	2,150	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	40	25	15	1.8	2.2	1.4	60,510	33,885	26,625	1.4	1.7	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	15	0	0.7	1.3	0.0	31,920	15,075	16,845	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	10	15	1.1	0.9	1.4	28,595	18,815	9,775	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	115	0	110	5.3	0.0	10.4	350,930	73,605	277,325	8.4	3.6	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,000	13,530	13,470	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	110	0	110	5.1	0.0	10.4	312,980	53,940	259,035	7.5	2.6	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	175	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,230	5,960	4,270	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	95	45	50	4.4	4.0	4.7	121,210	61,715	59,495	2.9	3.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	55	10	40	2.5	0.9	3.8	76,425	24,575	51,850	1.8	1.2	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	435	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	930	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9	15,820	11,280	4,540	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	25	25	0	1.1	2.2	0.0	27,425	24,490	2,935	0.7	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	235	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,530	785	750	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	680	355	325	44.4	45.2	43.3	911,450	481,425	430,025	33.9	36.7	31.2
Education	40	15	30	2.6	1.9	4.0	99,640	21,315	78,320	3.7	1.6	5.7
13. Education	40	15	30	2.6	1.9	4.0	99,640	21,315	78,320	3.7	1.6	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3	85,350	36,335	49,005	3.2	2.8	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,815	6,950	2,860	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3	75,530	29,385	46,145	2.8	2.2	3.3
Humanities	20	15	10	1.3	1.9	1.3	103,360	38,515	64,845	3.8	2.9	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,735	2,545	10,190	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,770	7,190	18,580	1.0	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,310	13,320	21,990	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,895	745	1,150	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,780	3,440	2,335	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,845	4,740	3,105	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,615	6,050	5,565	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,410	480	1,930	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	0	40	2.6	0.0	5.3	226,805	76,655	150,150	8.4	5.8	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,220	1,075	3,145	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,730	9,590	17,150	1.0	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	30	0	30	2.0	0.0	4.0	29,960	2,705	27,260	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,935	10,780	24,150	1.3	0.8	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,150	1,960	3,185	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,250	9,600	29,645	1.5	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3	86,555	40,945	45,615	3.2	3.1	3.3
Business, management and public administration	165	20	150	10.8	2.5	20.0	379,485	152,040	227,445	14.1	11.6	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	140	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	0	20	1.3	0.0	2.7	22,625	4,535	18,095	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	145	20	130	9.5	2.5	17.3	356,415	147,365	209,055	13.2	11.2	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	77,340	37,350	39,990	2.9	2.8	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,945	14,030	19,915	1.3	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,520	8,355	10,165	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	520	1,030	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,390	13,835	7,555	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	610	1,330	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0	87,185	58,400	28,785	3.2	4.4	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0	72,700	51,710	20,995	2.7	3.9	1.5
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,600	540	3,060	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,865	4,890	3,975	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	1,265	755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	355	315	40	23.2	40.1	5.3	327,735	286,655	41,080	12.2	21.8	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,690	8,220	6,480	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	55	35	15	3.6	4.5	2.0	93,760	73,350	20,400	3.5	5.6	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	35	25	10	2.3	3.2	1.3	57,590	49,650	7,940	2.1	3.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	55	55	0	3.6	7.0	0.0	74,045	71,450	2,595	2.8	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	130	125	0	8.5	15.9	0.0	57,950	55,995	1,950	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	85	75	10	5.6	9.6	1.3	29,605	27,965	1,640	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	25	20	0	1.6	2.5	0.0	45,705	23,930	21,775	1.7	1.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	15	0	1.0	1.9	0.0	23,700	10,410	13,290	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0	22,005	13,520	8,485	0.8	1.0	0.6
Health and related fields	95	0	95	6.2	0.0	12.7	258,665	55,710	202,960	9.6	4.2	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,980	10,585	10,395	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95	0	85	6.2	0.0	11.3	229,855	41,240	188,620	8.5	3.1	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	90	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,245	3,790	3,455	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	75	35	40	4.9	4.5	5.3	88,615	44,750	43,865	3.3	3.4	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	40	10	30	2.6	1.3	4.0	56,165	18,390	37,775	2.1	1.4	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	240	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	410	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3	12,270	8,530	3,740	0.5	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	25	25	0	1.6	3.2	0.0	19,425	17,180	2,240	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	180	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,530	785	750	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	680	355	325	44.4	45.2	43.3	911,450	481,425	430,025	33.9	36.7	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	850	430	420	55.6	54.8	56.0	1,780,415	831,835	948,580	66.1	63.3	68.8
Location of study inside Canada	780	410	370	51.0	52.2	49.3	1,316,405	622,255	694,150	48.9	47.4	50.4
Same as province or territory of residence	395	220	170	25.8	28.0	22.7	1,029,000	480,420	548,580	38.2	36.6	39.8
Different than province or territory of residence	385	190	200	25.2	24.2	26.7	287,405	141,835	145,570	10.7	10.8	10.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	75	20	50	4.9	2.5	6.7	464,010	209,580	254,430	17.2	16.0	18.5
Americas	25	10	15	1.6	1.3	2.0	84,155	40,735	43,420	3.1	3.1	3.1
United States of America	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0	57,255	28,610	28,650	2.1	2.2	2.1
Mexico	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3	8,850	3,950	4,895	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	150	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	290	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,395	3,865	4,530	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,315	1,005	1,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	345	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	345	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,590	2,160	2,430	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	20	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.3	92,195	46,985	45,210	3.4	3.6	3.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	430	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,075	2,645	2,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,805	2,975	2,830	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,315	1,265	1,055	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,915	905	1,010	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	430	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	200	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,960	1,320	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,515	1,720	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,880	2,560	3,325	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,345	1,945	2,395	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,665	3,255	2,410	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,270	20,230	18,040	1.4	1.5	1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	410	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,610	890	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,565	845	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,275	4,955	5,320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,250	6,465	5,785	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	690	630	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	255	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,490	800	690	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,860	3,055	2,800	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,825	1,510	1,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	20	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.0	258,905	106,700	152,210	9.6	8.1	11.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,325	7,150	9,175	0.6	0.5	0.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,465	830	635	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,345	690	660	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	260	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	805	405	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,680	995	680	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,350	24,555	34,795	2.2	1.9	2.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,905	2,985	5,915	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,025	2,820	4,210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,185	1,960	6,230	0.3	0.1	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,605	7,220	12,385	0.7	0.5	0.9
Philippines	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3	55,140	20,255	34,880	2.0	1.5	2.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,145	625	1,520	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	485	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	480	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60,565	28,910	31,655	2.2	2.2	2.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,935	1,855	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,780	4,215	5,565	0.4	0.3	0.4
Oceania	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0	16,505	8,700	7,810	0.6	0.7	0.6
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,315	6,385	5,930	0.5	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,340	1,855	1,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	465	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	2,175	1,125	1,055	...	...	...	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	...	...	...
In the labour force	1,490	835	655	...	...	...	2,657,275	1,378,375	1,278,900	...	...	...
Employed	1,410	790	620	...	...	...	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	...	...	...
Unemployed	80	45	35	...	...	...	223,675	113,655	110,015	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	685	290	400	...	...	...	1,543,145	670,020	873,130	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.5	74.2	62.1	68.5	74.2	62.1	63.3	67.3	59.4	63.3	67.3	59.4
Employment rate	64.8	70.2	58.8	64.8	70.2	58.8	57.9	61.7	54.3	57.9	61.7	54.3
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.3	8.4	8.2	8.6	8.4	8.2	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	2,175	1,125	1,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	735	295	440	33.8	26.2	41.7	1,563,830	685,205	878,625	37.2	33.5	40.8
Worked	1,445	825	610	66.4	73.3	57.8	2,636,595	1,363,185	1,273,410	62.8	66.5	59.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	865	540	320	39.8	48.0	30.3	1,350,335	768,255	582,080	32.1	37.5	27.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	580	290	290	26.7	25.8	27.5	1,286,260	594,930	691,330	30.6	29.0	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	43.4	40.9	42.4	43.4	40.9	40.9	41.8	39.9	40.9	41.8	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,495	835	655	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	15	2.0	1.8	2.3	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,465	820	645	98.0	98.2	98.5	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
Employee	1,380	790	585	92.3	94.6	89.3	2,144,475	1,076,150	1,068,330	80.7	78.1	83.5
Permanent position	1,170	715	450	78.3	85.6	68.7	1,788,175	913,100	875,070	67.3	66.2	68.4
Temporary position	210	75	135	14.0	9.0	20.6	356,305	163,045	193,255	13.4	11.8	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	60	25	40	4.0	3.0	6.1	116,190	53,010	63,190	4.4	3.8	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	150	50	100	10.0	6.0	15.3	240,110	110,035	130,070	9.0	8.0	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	85	30	55	5.7	3.6	8.4	458,635	275,905	182,735	17.3	20.0	14.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,495	835	655	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	15	2.0	1.8	2.3	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,465	820	645	98.0	98.2	98.5	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,255	22,375	9,885	1.2	1.6	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	110	35	75	7.4	4.2	11.5	446,160	137,765	308,395	16.8	10.0	24.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	95	60	30	6.4	7.2	4.6	209,185	158,605	50,580	7.9	11.5	4.0
3 Health occupations	45	0	35	3.0	0.0	5.3	199,185	43,765	155,415	7.5	3.2	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	125	15	105	8.4	1.8	16.0	309,360	103,155	206,205	11.6	7.5	16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	0	15	1.0	0.0	2.3	110,585	52,240	58,340	4.2	3.8	4.6
6 Sales and service occupations	275	35	235	18.4	4.2	35.9	666,705	293,530	373,180	25.1	21.3	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	605	495	110	40.5	59.3	16.8	469,450	425,905	43,545	17.7	30.9	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	135	105	30	9.0	12.6	4.6	72,075	51,750	20,325	2.7	3.8	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	55	50	0	3.7	6.0	0.0	88,155	62,965	25,185	3.3	4.6	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,495	835	655	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	15	2.0	1.8	2.3	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	1,465	820	645	98.0	98.2	98.5	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60,320	38,580	21,735	2.3	2.8	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	725	565	160	48.5	67.7	24.4	24,955	20,610	4,350	0.9	1.5	0.3
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,820	10,765	4,050	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	120	75	40	8.0	9.0	6.1	234,345	201,185	33,155	8.8	14.6	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	25	25	0	1.7	3.0	0.0	152,790	107,750	45,035	5.7	7.8	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	0.7	1.2	0.0	80,165	53,130	27,035	3.0	3.9	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	75	30	45	5.0	3.6	6.9	301,060	142,230	158,830	11.3	10.3	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	60	20	45	4.0	2.4	6.9	142,230	108,095	34,135	5.4	7.8	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	71,295	43,800	27,495	2.7	3.2	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	25	0	20	1.7	0.0	3.1	95,560	41,275	54,290	3.6	3.0	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,155	31,515	27,640	2.2	2.3	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	0	20	1.3	0.0	3.1	238,650	131,495	107,150	9.0	9.5	8.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.5	5,785	2,740	3,040	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	55	20	35	3.7	2.4	5.3	110,215	62,865	47,350	4.1	4.6	3.7
61 Educational services	80	10	70	5.4	1.2	10.7	192,855	62,310	130,545	7.3	4.5	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	65	0	60	4.3	0.0	9.2	319,525	64,150	255,375	12.0	4.7	20.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.5	60,775	30,215	30,560	2.3	2.2	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	45	0	45	3.0	0.0	6.9	182,105	78,435	103,670	6.9	5.7	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	50	25	25	3.3	3.0	3.8	113,780	50,100	63,680	4.3	3.6	5.0
91 Public administration	70	25	45	4.7	3.0	6.9	142,730	70,795	71,940	5.4	5.1	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,610	890	720	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,600	890	710	99.4	100.0	98.6	2,617,625	1,354,690	1,262,935	91.7	92.0	91.3
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,090	850	2,240	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,925	27,750	25,180	1.9	1.9	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,790	27,690	25,100	1.8	1.9	1.8
English and French	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	21,550	8,765	12,785	0.8	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	154,255	76,820	77,440	5.4	5.2	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,160	1,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,840	2,000	1,840	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,610	890	720	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	1,610	890	720	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,820,225	1,453,980	1,366,250	98.8	98.8	98.7
Official languages	1,610	890	720	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,726,710	1,405,545	1,321,160	95.5	95.5	95.5
English	1,610	890	720	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,720,275	1,403,805	1,316,470	95.3	95.4	95.1
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,430	1,740	4,690	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	93,520	48,430	45,090	3.3	3.3	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	85	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	93,230	48,340	44,890	3.3	3.3	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	320	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	320	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	250	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,070	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,695	1,060	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	430	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	335	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,820	18,165	12,655	1.1	1.2	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	915	350	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	350	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	245	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	310	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	200	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	180	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,450	15,470	9,980	0.9	1.1	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,425	14,315	9,115	0.8	1.0	0.7
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,730	13,945	8,785	0.8	0.9	0.6
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,020	1,155	865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	1,135	855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	75	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,710	940	770	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	120	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,675	1,975	1,700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	245	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,940	1,645	1,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	695	1,320	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,855	3,485	3,370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	105	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	95	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,730	23,930	24,800	1.7	1.6	1.8
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,670	23,890	24,780	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,465	13,710	14,755	1.0	0.9	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,865	10,015	9,855	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	65	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	60	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,660	18,080	17,585	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,470	970	1,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,195	16,590	15,610	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	445	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,610	890	720	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	1,600	890	710	99.4	100.0	98.6	2,703,945	1,398,765	1,305,180	94.7	95.0	94.3
English	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,055	17,805	18,250	1.3	1.2	1.3
French	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	16,140	7,125	9,020	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	79,300	38,900	40,400	2.8	2.6	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,320	470	850	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	77,980	38,430	39,550	2.7	2.6	2.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,745	2,165	2,580	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,945	860	1,085	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,685	6,410	7,275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,410	790	620	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	95	30	65	6.7	3.8	10.5	549,845	262,840	287,005	22.6	20.8	24.6
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,065	6,785	3,275	0.4	0.5	0.3
No fixed workplace address	230	150	85	16.3	19.0	13.7	373,475	277,860	95,615	15.3	22.0	8.2
Usual place of work	1,085	615	475	77.0	77.8	76.6	1,500,215	717,240	782,980	61.6	56.7	67.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	1,085	615	475	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,500,215	717,235	782,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	860	490	375	79.3	79.7	78.9	774,620	341,895	432,725	51.6	47.7	55.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	185	95	90	17.1	15.4	18.9	638,825	322,890	315,940	42.6	45.0	40.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10	10	0	0.9	1.6	0.0	77,845	46,415	31,440	5.2	6.5	4.0
Commute to a different province or territory	25	20	10	2.3	3.3	2.1	8,920	6,040	2,875	0.6	0.8	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,315	760	555	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	905	470	430	68.8	61.8	77.5	1,497,765	824,995	672,775	79.9	82.9	76.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	730	350	380	55.5	46.1	68.5	1,376,410	775,555	600,865	73.5	77.9	68.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	175	120	50	13.3	15.8	9.0	121,350	49,440	71,910	6.5	5.0	8.2
Public transit	320	245	70	24.3	32.2	12.6	174,045	72,290	101,750	9.3	7.3	11.6
Walked	60	20	40	4.6	2.6	7.2	121,550	51,185	70,360	6.5	5.1	8.0
Bicycle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,790	22,990	13,800	2.0	2.3	1.6
Other method	30	20	10	2.3	2.6	1.8	43,535	23,635	19,900	2.3	2.4	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,315	760	555	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	425	155	275	32.3	20.4	49.5	595,470	276,270	319,200	31.8	27.8	36.3
15 to 29 minutes	300	190	110	22.8	25.0	19.8	637,130	333,835	303,295	34.0	33.5	34.5
30 to 44 minutes	390	285	100	29.7	37.5	18.0	369,645	216,975	152,670	19.7	21.8	17.4
45 to 59 minutes	140	75	65	10.6	9.9	11.7	137,115	81,460	55,655	7.3	8.2	6.3
60 minutes and over	60	55	10	4.6	7.2	1.8	134,330	86,550	47,780	7.2	8.7	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,315	760	555	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	300	255	50	22.8	33.6	9.0	125,470	91,685	33,785	6.7	9.2	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	445	295	150	33.8	38.8	27.0	298,120	192,650	105,460	15.9	19.4	12.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	185	100	90	14.1	13.2	16.2	449,315	237,080	212,235	24.0	23.8	24.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	145	30	105	11.0	3.9	18.9	418,635	186,225	232,415	22.3	18.7	26.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	125	20	100	9.5	2.6	18.0	303,745	133,880	169,865	16.2	13.5	19.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	120	60	55	9.1	7.9	9.9	278,405	153,580	124,825	14.9	15.4	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	685	375	305	100.0	100.0	100.0	884,130	455,675	428,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	15	5.1	5.3	4.9	55,575	28,115	27,465	6.3	6.2	6.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	650	365	285	94.9	97.3	93.4	828,550	427,565	400,990	93.7	93.8	93.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	520	295	225	100.0	100.0	100.0	651,050	336,315	314,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	15	4.8	5.1	6.7	43,010	21,805	21,205	6.6	6.5	6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	1.0	1.7	2.2	23,960	11,755	12,205	3.7	3.5	3.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	10	5	3.8	3.4	2.2	19,050	10,050	8,995	2.9	3.0	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	495	280	210	95.2	94.9	93.3	608,040	314,500	293,535	93.4	93.5	93.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table