Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Essex, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	21,216	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,427	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,880	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,391	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	76.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	277.53	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	21,215	10,520	10,695
0 to 14 years	3,245	1,725	1,520
0 to 4 years	980	490	490
5 to 9 years	1,115	605	510
10 to 14 years	1,155	630	525
15 to 64 years	13,315	6,625	6,685
15 to 19 years	1,175	605	570
20 to 24 years	1,160	595	565
25 to 29 years	1,155	600	560
30 to 34 years	1,155	575	575
35 to 39 years	1,140	560	585
40 to 44 years	1,135	550	590
45 to 49 years	1,365	685	675
50 to 54 years	1,470	725	750
55 to 59 years	1,850	885	960
60 to 64 years	1,715	860	860
65 years and over	4,650	2,165	2,490
65 to 69 years	1,485	710	775
70 to 74 years	1,280	640	645
75 to 79 years	815	370	445
80 to 84 years	515	235	285
85 years and over	555	215	345
85 to 89 years	330	135	200
90 to 94 years	155	55	100
95 to 99 years	65	30	40
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	16.4	14.2
15 to 64 years	62.8	63.0	62.5
65 years and over	21.9	20.6	23.3
85 years and over	2.6	2.0	3.2
Average age of the population	44.1	43.1	45.2
Median age of the population	46.8	45.6	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,390	...	...
Single-detached house	7,095	...	...
Semi-detached house	55	...	...
Row house	295	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	75	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	420	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,390	...	...
1 person	2,155	...	...
2 persons	3,140	...	...
3 persons	1,200	...	...
4 persons	1,210	...	...
5 or more persons	690	...	...
Number of persons in private households	20,665	10,240	10,420
Average household size	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	17,970	8,795	9,175
Married or living common-law	10,880	5,440	5,440
Married	9,150	4,575	4,575
Living common-law	1,725	865	865
Living common law - Never married	1,020	515	505
Living common law - Separated	110	60	55
Living common law - Divorced	525	265	265
Living common law - Widowed	60	25	35
Not married and not living common-law	7,090	3,360	3,735
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,315	2,390	1,925
Not married and not living common law - Separated	455	200	260
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,155	485	670
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,170	280	885
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,235	...	...
2 persons	3,340	...	...
3 persons	1,210	...	...
4 persons	1,165	...	...
5 or more persons	525	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,240	...	...
Total couple families	5,330	...	...
Married couples	4,465	...	...
With children⁶	2,175	...	...
Without children	2,285	...	...
Common-law couples	860	...	...
With children⁶	350	...	...
Without children	510	...	...
Total one-parent families	910	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	680	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	230	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	20,660	10,240	10,420
Total - Persons in census families	17,780	8,930	8,850
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,655	5,320	5,340
Parents in one-parent families	915	235	680
Children⁶	6,215	3,380	2,835
In a two-parent family	4,800	2,610	2,195
In a one-parent family	1,410	770	645
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,880	1,315	1,570
Living alone	2,160	985	1,170
Living with other relatives⁷	360	135	230
Living with non-relatives only	360	190	170
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,390	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,590	...	...
Couple-family households	4,885	...	...
With children⁶	2,315	...	...
Without children	2,570	...	...
One-parent-family households	705	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	250	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	175	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	180	...	...
One-person households	2,155	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	17,430	8,530	8,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,900	8,300	8,600
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,910	8,310	8,605
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,240	7,690	7,555
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,800	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,540	6,725	5,815
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,000	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,500	7,560	7,940
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	7,900	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,230	1,115	1,110
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,160	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,560	2,155	2,410
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	17,430	8,525	8,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,935	8,340	8,595
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,350	59,250	43,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,940	8,340	8,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,960	49,960	38,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,265	7,695	7,570
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,640	54,250	36,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,540	6,790	5,740
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920	49,800	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,495	7,605	7,890
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,180	10,080	12,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,390	1,260	1,135
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,930	5,720	6,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,685	2,160	2,520
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,030	7,500	8,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	17,430	8,525	8,905
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,585	3,230	2,350
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	68,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800	76,000	63,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,840	2,300	2,535
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	25,400	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	34,520	24,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	84.4	74.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.8	68.4	59.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.9	15.5	25.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.7	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.3	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	17,430	8,525	8,905
Without total income	530	225	305
With total income	16,895	8,305	8,595
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,215	450	770
$10,000 to $19,999	1,930	700	1,235
$20,000 to $29,999	2,310	885	1,425
$30,000 to $39,999	2,195	885	1,310
$40,000 to $49,999	2,215	1,135	1,075
$50,000 to $59,999	1,845	960	885
$60,000 to $69,999	1,370	760	615
$70,000 to $79,999	980	625	355
$80,000 to $89,999	750	510	235
$90,000 to $99,999	580	375	200
$100,000 and over	1,505	1,025	480
$100,000 to $149,999	1,125	745	380
$150,000 and over	380	275	100
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	17,430	8,525	8,905
Without after-tax income	520	220	300
With after-tax income	16,910	8,305	8,600
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,290	465	825
$10,000 to $19,999	1,995	725	1,270
$20,000 to $29,999	2,710	1,030	1,680
$30,000 to $39,999	2,680	1,205	1,470
$40,000 to $49,999	2,605	1,355	1,245
$50,000 to $59,999	1,875	1,045	835
$60,000 to $69,999	1,265	830	430
$70,000 to $79,999	845	560	285
$80,000 to $89,999	620	385	230
$90,000 to $99,999	330	215	110
$100,000 and over	700	480	220
$100,000 to $124,999	380	255	130
$125,000 and over	320	230	90
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	17,430	8,525	8,905
Without employment income	4,890	1,800	3,090
With employment income	12,535	6,725	5,810
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,145	1,245	905
$5,000 to $9,999	825	325	505
$10,000 to $19,999	1,380	580	795
$20,000 to $29,999	1,135	495	640
$30,000 to $39,999	1,110	510	605
$40,000 to $49,999	1,235	580	660
$50,000 to $59,999	1,050	555	490
$60,000 to $69,999	840	510	325
$70,000 to $79,999	700	465	235
$80,000 to $89,999	495	350	150
$90,000 to $99,999	495	325	170
$100,000 and over	1,125	800	325
$100,000 to $124,999	600	410	195
$125,000 and over	520	385	130
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	17,430	8,530	8,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,675	8,175	8,495
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,680	8,175	8,505
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,800	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,175	7,625	7,550
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	47,200	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,655	6,725	5,935
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,800	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,700	7,170	7,530
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880	2,220	7,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,885	990	905
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	3,840	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	17,430	8,525	8,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,730	8,235	8,495
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,840	58,600	41,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,735	8,235	8,500
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,200	48,600	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,210	7,645	7,565
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,920	56,350	37,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,670	6,785	5,885
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,720	52,850	39,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,675	7,150	7,525
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,270	9,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,960	1,035	925
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,945	4,600	7,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	17,430	8,525	8,905
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,580	3,235	2,345
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	69,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,800	75,200	60,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,660	2,220	2,445
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,800	36,800	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,120	42,920	29,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6	89.2	80.6
Employment income (%)	71.0	74.2	66.4
Government transfers (%)	14.4	10.8	19.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,390	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,155	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,235	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,390	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,150	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,240	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,390	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	135	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	265	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	280	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	235	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	250	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	295	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	330	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	695	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	585	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	530	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	480	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,095	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	800	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	900	...	...
$200,000 and over	770	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,390	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	95	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	145	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	270	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	315	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	265	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	330	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	370	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	380	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	780	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	690	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	665	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	545	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,830	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,105	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	690	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,035	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,110	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,585	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,565	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	820	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,520	1,180	1,340
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	46,800	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	41,600	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,105	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,600	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,595	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	790	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,555	1,150	1,400
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,400	51,200	40,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,480	43,600	36,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	20,660	10,245	10,420
0 to 17 years	3,945	2,070	1,875
0 to 5 years	1,185	610	575
18 to 64 years	12,385	6,140	6,245
65 years and over	4,335	2,035	2,305
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,510	670	840
0 to 17 years	295	155	140
0 to 5 years	100	45	55
18 to 64 years	780	365	415
65 years and over	435	150	285
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.3	6.6	8.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.5	7.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	7.8	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.0	6.6
65 years and over (%)	10.0	7.4	12.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	20,660	10,240	10,415
0 to 17 years	3,945	2,070	1,875
0 to 5 years	1,185	605	580
18 to 64 years	12,380	6,135	6,245
65 years and over	4,330	2,035	2,300
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	355	180	180
0 to 17 years	40	20	20
0 to 5 years	10	0	10
18 to 64 years	275	145	125
65 years and over	45	15	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.7	1.7	1.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.0	1.0	1.1
0 to 5 years (%)	0.6	x	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.2	2.4	2.0
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.6	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	20,660	10,245	10,420
In bottom half of the distribution	9,370	4,430	4,940
In bottom decile	1,210	545	665
In second decile	1,710	740	975
In third decile	1,905	910	995
In fourth decile	2,205	1,080	1,120
In fifth decile	2,335	1,155	1,185
In top half of the distribution	11,295	5,815	5,480
In sixth decile	2,355	1,215	1,140
In seventh decile	2,400	1,225	1,180
In eighth decile	2,255	1,165	1,090
In ninth decile	2,335	1,195	1,140
In top decile	1,945	1,010	930
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	20,660	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.399	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.259	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	20,985	10,425	10,560
English only	19,495	9,760	9,740
French only	5	0	5
English and French	1,440	650	790
Neither English nor French	40	20	25
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	20,985	10,425	10,560
English	20,600	10,245	10,355
French	325	160	165
English and French	15	0	10
Neither English nor French	40	15	25
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	20,985	10,425	10,560
Single responses	20,685	10,290	10,395
Official languages	19,510	9,740	9,770
English	19,150	9,565	9,585
French	365	175	190
Non-official languages	1,175	550	625
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,175	550	625
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	25	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	25	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	35	20	10
Aramaic languages	25	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5
Vietnamese	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	955	450	500
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	70	110
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	180	70	110
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	5
Macedonian	20	5	10
Polish	50	20	25
Russian	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	15	25
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	30	15	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	45	20	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0
Ukrainian	10	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	250	120	130
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	150	65	80
German	145	65	80
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	50	50
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	40	25	15
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	45	20	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0
Greek	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages	50	30	25
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	460	225	230
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	100	55	50
Portuguese	270	140	130
Romanian	35	20	20
Spanish	50	20	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25
Chinese languages	45	20	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	20	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5
Hungarian	45	20	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	300	130	165
English and French	110	45	65
English and non-official language(s)	165	80	85
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	20,985	10,425	10,560
English	19,760	9,865	9,890
French	30	10	15
Non-official language	175	80	95
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	175	80	95
English and French	265	120	140
English and non-official language(s)	720	325	395
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	20,985	10,425	10,560
Single responses	20,820	10,350	10,465
Official languages	20,475	10,195	10,280
English	20,420	10,170	10,250
French	55	25	25
Non-official languages	345	160	190
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	345	160	190
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	15	5	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	250	110	140
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	25	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	20	5	10
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	15	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	20	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	5	10
German	15	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	30	10	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	55	70
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5
Portuguese	95	45	55
Romanian	10	5	0
Spanish	15	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15
Chinese languages	30	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	165	70	90
English and French	30	10	20
English and non-official language(s)	125	55	70
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	20,985	10,425	10,560
None	20,115	10,025	10,085
English	160	75	90
French	215	100	115
Non-official language	435	195	240
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	430	195	240
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	20,660	10,240	10,420
Official languages	20,590	10,210	10,380
English	20,590	10,210	10,380
French	1,425	630	795
Non-official languages	1,805	860	945
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,805	860	945
Afro-Asiatic languages	240	120	120
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	235	120	120
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	165	95	65
Aramaic languages	120	40	75
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	20	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	80	20	55
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,345	655	700
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	260	105	155
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	255	105	150
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	0	15
Macedonian	45	15	25
Polish	70	40	35
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	90	30	65
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	30	10	20
Serbian	75	15	55
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	55	20	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	310	150	160
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	220	105	110
German	220	105	110
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	40	50
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	35	20	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	45	15	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	40	30
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	25
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	705	360	345
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	175	110	60
Portuguese	340	180	160
Romanian	50	10	40
Spanish	160	70	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	15	45
American Sign Language	55	15	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	45
Chinese languages	80	35	45
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	25	45
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	30	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	50	30	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,660	10,240	10,420
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	925	390	530
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	850	375	480
First Nations (North American Indian)	295	120	170
Métis	555	255	305
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	0	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	15	35
Non-Indigenous identity	19,740	9,855	9,885
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,660	10,240	10,420
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	170	65	105
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,490	10,180	10,310
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,390	...	...
Owner	7,165	...	...
Renter	1,230	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,390	...	...
Condominium	460	...	...
Not condominium	7,930	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,390	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...
1 bedroom	490	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,055	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,770	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,050	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,390	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,130	...	...
5 rooms	1,325	...	...
6 rooms	1,525	...	...
7 rooms	1,280	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,135	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,390	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,355	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,390	...	...
Suitable	8,150	...	...
Not suitable	240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,390	...	...
1960 or before	2,730	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,560	...	...
1981 to 1990	815	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,030	...	...
2001 to 2005	430	...	...
2006 to 2010	225	...	...
2011 to 2015	225	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	375	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,390	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,830	...	...
Major repairs needed	560	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,390	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,050	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,095	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	250	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,390	...	...
15 to 24 years	100	...	...
25 to 34 years	825	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,180	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,530	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,990	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,635	...	...
75 to 84 years	865	...	...
85 years and over	265	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,240	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,245	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	995	...	...
30% to less than 100%	890	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,390	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,700	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	910	...	...
Not suitable only	215	...	...
Major repairs needed only	480	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,690	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,135	...	...
In core need	330	...	...
Not in core need	7,805	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,015	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,212	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	440,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	968	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	20,660	10,245	10,415
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	200	110	90
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	200	110	90
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	85	45	45
Métis single ancestry	115	65	50
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,000	455	550
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	975	435	540
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	535	250	290
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	430	185	245
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,460	9,680	9,785
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	20,660	10,240	10,420
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	20,315	10,110	10,205
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,870	2,020	1,850
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,445	8,090	8,355
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	345	135	210
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	20,660	10,240	10,420
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,835	9,430	9,405
Immigrants⁸¹	1,800	800	1,000
Before 1980	910	400	505
1980 to 1990	275	120	155
1991 to 2000	255	120	140
2001 to 2010	185	80	110
2011 to 2021⁸²	175	85	90
2011 to 2015	110	40	70
2016 to 2021	65	40	25
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	15	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,800	800	995
Under 5 years	230	90	140
5 to 14 years	395	230	165
15 to 24 years	465	165	295
25 to 44 years	630	270	355
45 years and over	80	40	40
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,800	800	995
Americas	460	180	285
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	70	35	40
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	0
United States of America	285	105	180
Other places of birth in Americas	55	15	45
Europe	990	435	555
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	15
Croatia	20	15	10
France	10	0	10
Germany	55	25	30
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	15	0	10
Italy	65	40	20
Netherlands	55	35	25
Poland	60	25	35
Portugal	215	115	100
Romania	30	10	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	40	10	30
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	110	180
Other places of birth in Europe	105	40	60
Africa	35	25	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	25	15
Asia	300	160	145
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	60	30	25
Lebanon	25	15	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	60	25	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	25	10	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	55	30	20
Pakistan	25	15	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	15	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	65	40	25
Americas	20	20	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	10	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	40	15	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	0	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	20,660	10,240	10,420
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,990	900	1,090
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,310	1,710	1,595
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,365	7,630	7,735
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	890	400	495
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	355	175	180
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	105	70	35
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	245	105	140
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	340	110	230
Refugees¹⁰⁸	190	105	85
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	890	400	495
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	25	30
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	70	35	30
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	25	20
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	685	300	380
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	20,660	10,240	10,420
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	955	510	450
South Asian	105	60	45
Chinese	125	70	55
Black	295	175	120
Filipino	45	10	40
Arab	95	55	40
Latin American	85	30	55
Southeast Asian	55	40	20
West Asian	65	20	45
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	20	10
Multiple visible minorities	35	20	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	19,700	9,730	9,970
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	20,660	10,240	10,420
Canadian	3,760	1,860	1,895
English	5,785	2,725	3,060
Irish	4,200	2,030	2,165
Scottish	3,385	1,715	1,670
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,530	2,740	2,790
German	2,750	1,335	1,415
Chinese	120	70	50
Italian	1,010	540	470
Indian (India)	90	55	40
Ukrainian	455	250	205
Dutch	955	450	505
Polish	600	300	300
Québécois	20	10	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	760	355	410
Filipino	80	15	65
French Canadian	695	265	425
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	445	235	205
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	300	125	175
Métis	575	270	300
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	255	110	145
Russian	190	100	90
Norwegian	130	50	80
Welsh	275	125	150
Portuguese	655	340	315
American	365	195	175
Spanish	125	80	45
Swedish	65	20	40
Hungarian	515	255	260
Acadian	30	15	20
Pakistani	20	20	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	30	20	10
Jewish	25	15	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	0	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	15	10
Greek	110	55	55
Jamaican	25	10	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	15	15	0
Romanian	305	145	155
Lebanese	210	140	65
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	55	25	25
Danish	80	30	55
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	230	105	120
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	120	70	50
Belgian	300	160	145
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	125	60	65
Mennonite	160	85	70
Swiss	45	30	15
Finnish	35	20	15
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	100	35	65
Japanese	35	30	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	85	45	40
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	10	0
Colombian	15	0	15
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	60	25	40
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	25	30
Serbian	100	55	45
Ojibway	10	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	110	65	50
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0
Turkish	45	15	30
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	120	60	65
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	10
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	30	10	10
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	10	15
Lithuanian	50	20	30
South African	20	0	15
Australian	10	0	10
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	10	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	15	15	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	10	0	10
Maltese	40	30	10
Macedonian	75	35	45
Slovenian	10	10	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	15	35
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	65	35	30
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	55	40	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	25	30
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	45	30	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	125	70	60
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	20
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	30	15	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	15	30
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	20	20	0
Argentinian	10	0	10
Estonian	20	15	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	10	10
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	50	20	25
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	70	50	20
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	75	30	50
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	35	10	25
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	20	10	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	20	10	10
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	15	0	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	20,660	10,240	10,420
Buddhist	20	0	15
Christian	13,570	6,450	7,120
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,805	905	900
Anabaptist	170	80	90
Anglican	1,220	540	680
Baptist	455	225	235
Catholic	7,375	3,560	3,815
Christian Orthodox	115	55	60
Jehovah's Witness	100	45	55
Latter Day Saints	45	20	20
Lutheran	200	105	90
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	40	60
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	350	145	205
Presbyterian	115	35	80
Reformed	70	35	40
United Church	935	400	530
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	520	255	265
Hindu	40	15	25
Jewish	10	0	10
Muslim	100	60	40
Sikh	25	15	10
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	130	55	80
No religion and secular perspectives	6,765	3,645	3,120
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	20,500	10,170	10,330
Non-movers	18,655	9,290	9,365
Movers	1,850	880	970
Non-migrants	705	345	355
Migrants	1,150	540	610
Internal migrants	1,140	540	600
Intraprovincial migrants	1,125	530	590
Interprovincial migrants	15	10	10
External migrants	10	0	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	19,685	9,765	9,920
Non-movers	13,100	6,525	6,570
Movers	6,590	3,240	3,350
Non-migrants	1,565	795	770
Migrants	5,020	2,440	2,580
Internal migrants	4,955	2,410	2,545
Intraprovincial migrants	4,845	2,345	2,500
Interprovincial migrants	105	65	45
External migrants	70	30	35
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,430	8,525	8,905
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,075	1,555	1,520
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,355	6,975	7,380
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,800	5,360	5,445
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,000	545	450
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,805	4,810	4,995
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,430	8,525	8,905
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,780	1,360	1,420
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,285	3,195	3,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,370	3,975	4,395
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,875	2,935	2,940
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,365	1,100	265
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	505	335	170
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	860	765	95
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,270	1,735	2,535
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240	100	140
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,495	1,040	1,460
Bachelor's degree	1,860	745	1,110
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	130	45	80
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	20	25
Master's degree	385	180	205
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	50	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,800	5,355	5,445
No certificate, diploma or degree	890	470	420
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,645	1,980	1,665
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,265	2,905	3,360
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,385	2,175	2,210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	930	760	165
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	305	200	105
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	625	565	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,300	1,345	1,950
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	160	65	95
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,880	730	1,150
Bachelor's degree	1,430	560	870
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	105	30	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	20
Master's degree	255	100	150
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	30	30
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,430	8,530	8,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,065	4,555	4,505
Education	430	120	315
13. Education	430	120	315
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	230	95	130
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	210	75	130
Humanities	280	125	160
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	25
23. English language and literature/letters	60	20	35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	20	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	35	15
54. History	50	20	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	935	155	780
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	90	30	65
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	345	15	335
22. Legal professions and studies	145	0	135
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10
42. Psychology	135	40	95
45. Social sciences	205	65	135
Business, management and public administration	1,345	435	905
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	180	25	150
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,160	415	750
Physical and life sciences and technologies	225	110	110
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	40	55
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	25	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	70	45	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	225	155	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	200	145	50
25. Library science	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,130	2,015	115
04. Architecture and related services	55	40	15
14. Engineering	180	145	40
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	405	375	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	410	400	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	545	535	10
48. Precision production	535	525	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	245	135	110
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	185	100	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	35	25
Health and related fields	1,585	230	1,360
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	45	65
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,470	185	1,280
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	740	390	350
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	365	80	285
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	280	215	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	95	95	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,800	5,355	5,445
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,535	2,450	2,085
Education	280	70	215
13. Education	280	70	215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	170	65	105
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	150	55	105
Humanities	165	60	100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	25
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	10	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	10
54. History	20	0	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	745	115	630
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	25	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	265	0	260
22. Legal professions and studies	130	0	125
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10
42. Psychology	105	30	75
45. Social sciences	145	45	100
Business, management and public administration	1,035	340	695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	150	10	135
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	880	320	560
Physical and life sciences and technologies	170	75	100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	25	50
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	15	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	45	25	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	165	130	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	155	120	30
25. Library science	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,590	1,490	100
04. Architecture and related services	35	25	15
14. Engineering	135	105	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	325	295	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	310	305	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	375	375	0
48. Precision production	400	390	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	175	105	70
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	75	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	30	20
Health and related fields	1,195	175	1,020
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	30	50
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,110	140	965
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	575	285	290
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	295	60	235
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	210	155	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	70	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,800	5,355	5,445
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,535	2,450	2,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,265	2,910	3,360
Location of study inside Canada	5,880	2,750	3,135
Same as province or territory of residence	5,750	2,655	3,095
Different than province or territory of residence	135	95	40
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	380	160	225
Americas	200	80	125
United States of America	180	70	110
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10
Europe	80	35	45
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	15	0	15
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	85	35	45
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	30	15	15
Pakistan	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	10	0	10
Australia	10	0	10
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	17,430	8,525	8,905
In the labour force	10,625	5,590	5,035
Employed	9,295	4,960	4,340
Unemployed	1,330	635	695
Not in the labour force	6,805	2,940	3,870
Participation rate	61.0	65.6	56.5
Employment rate	53.3	58.2	48.7
Unemployment rate	12.5	11.4	13.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	17,430	8,530	8,900
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,695	2,850	3,840
Worked	10,730	5,675	5,060
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,700	3,305	2,395
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,035	2,370	2,665
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	43.0	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,625	5,590	5,035
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190	75	115
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,435	5,515	4,920
Employee	9,350	4,885	4,460
Permanent position	8,485	4,465	4,020
Temporary position	860	420	440
Fixed term (1 year or more)	195	75	120
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	665	345	315
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,085	625	460
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,625	5,590	5,035
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190	75	115
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,435	5,515	4,920
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	90	80	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,370	320	1,055
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	535	415	125
3 Health occupations	855	95	755
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	990	265	720
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	175	65	110
6 Sales and service occupations	2,380	885	1,500
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,665	2,420	240
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	390	290	100
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	975	675	295
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,625	5,590	5,035
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190	75	115
All industries¹⁹¹	10,435	5,515	4,920
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	405	215	190
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	80	0
22 Utilities	105	85	15
23 Construction	1,055	930	125
31-33 Manufacturing	2,070	1,545	525
41 Wholesale trade	265	180	85
44-45 Retail trade	1,070	470	600
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	545	360	190
51 Information and cultural industries	130	80	45
52 Finance and insurance	280	70	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	85	35	55
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	405	185	225
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	345	225	120
61 Educational services	640	165	475
62 Health care and social assistance	1,285	145	1,140
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	190	115	65
72 Accommodation and food services	600	180	415
81 Other services (except public administration)	480	255	225
91 Public administration	385	180	205
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,405	5,990	5,415
English	11,175	5,915	5,265
French	50	0	45
Non-official language	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0
English and French	85	30	55
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,405	5,990	5,415
Single responses	11,375	5,990	5,390
Official languages	11,365	5,980	5,385
English	11,295	5,975	5,320
French	70	0	65
Non-official languages	10	10	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	0	25
English and French	15	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,405	5,990	5,415
None	11,270	5,930	5,335
English	20	0	20
French	50	30	20
Non-official language	65	30	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	30	35
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,295	4,960	4,340
Worked at home	1,240	515	730
Worked outside Canada	105	55	45
No fixed workplace address	1,240	920	325
Usual place of work	6,705	3,465	3,240
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,705	3,465	3,245
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,870	960	910
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,740	2,440	2,300
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	95	65	30
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,950	4,385	3,565
Car, truck or van	7,650	4,220	3,435
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,220	4,055	3,165
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	430	165	270
Public transit	10	0	10
Walked	170	95	65
Bicycle	45	30	20
Other method	75	35	35
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,950	4,385	3,565
Less than 15 minutes	1,935	1,005	930
15 to 29 minutes	3,285	1,810	1,475
30 to 44 minutes	2,160	1,265	895
45 to 59 minutes	465	240	230
60 minutes and over	100	65	40
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,950	4,385	3,565
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	775	560	210
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,760	1,235	530
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,995	1,130	865
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,360	480	885
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	680	230	445
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,385	755	630
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,030	2,115	1,915
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	620	310	310
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,410	1,805	1,605
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,975	1,585	1,390
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	445	230	220
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	270	130	140
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	180	100	80
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,525	1,355	1,175

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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