Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	FoothillsMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	115,118	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	113,227	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,926	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	43,263	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	20,751.67	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	115,120	57,210	57,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,560	10,680	9,875	17.9	18.7	17.1
0 to 4 years	5,295	2,735	2,570	4.6	4.8	4.4
5 to 9 years	7,030	3,670	3,355	6.1	6.4	5.8
10 to 14 years	8,235	4,280	3,950	7.2	7.5	6.8
15 to 64 years	70,280	34,765	35,515	61.0	60.8	61.3
15 to 19 years	7,615	4,010	3,610	6.6	7.0	6.2
20 to 24 years	5,375	2,870	2,505	4.7	5.0	4.3
25 to 29 years	4,635	2,310	2,330	4.0	4.0	4.0
30 to 34 years	5,355	2,600	2,755	4.7	4.5	4.8
35 to 39 years	6,670	3,195	3,475	5.8	5.6	6.0
40 to 44 years	7,465	3,575	3,890	6.5	6.2	6.7
45 to 49 years	7,585	3,745	3,840	6.6	6.5	6.6
50 to 54 years	7,740	3,770	3,975	6.7	6.6	6.9
55 to 59 years	8,520	4,140	4,380	7.4	7.2	7.6
60 to 64 years	9,315	4,550	4,760	8.1	8.0	8.2
65 years and over	24,285	11,770	12,515	21.1	20.6	21.6
65 to 69 years	8,200	4,015	4,185	7.1	7.0	7.2
70 to 74 years	6,835	3,385	3,450	5.9	5.9	6.0
75 to 79 years	4,365	2,155	2,210	3.8	3.8	3.8
80 to 84 years	2,640	1,300	1,340	2.3	2.3	2.3
85 years and over	2,235	915	1,330	1.9	1.6	2.3
85 to 89 years	1,400	640	765	1.2	1.1	1.3
90 to 94 years	690	240	450	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	130	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.9	18.7	17.1	17.9	18.7	17.1
15 to 64 years	61.0	60.8	61.3	61.0	60.8	61.3
65 years and over	21.1	20.6	21.6	21.1	20.6	21.6
85 years and over	1.9	1.6	2.3	1.9	1.6	2.3
Average age of the population	42.9	42.1	43.6	42.9	42.1	43.6
Median age of the population	44.8	44.0	45.6	44.8	44.0	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,750	...	...	80.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,580	...	...	6.0	...	...
Row house	1,695	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	410	...	...	0.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,310	...	...	5.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,415	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,415	...	...	21.8	...	...
2 persons	17,200	...	...	39.8	...	...
3 persons	5,965	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	6,315	...	...	14.6	...	...
5 or more persons	4,365	...	...	10.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,260	55,540	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	94,555	46,525	48,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	61,330	30,625	30,700	64.9	65.8	63.9
Married	53,375	26,660	26,715	56.4	57.3	55.6
Living common-law	7,950	3,965	3,990	8.4	8.5	8.3
Living common law - Never married	4,840	2,435	2,405	5.1	5.2	5.0
Living common law - Separated	400	215	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,480	1,225	1,255	2.6	2.6	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	33,230	15,900	17,325	35.1	34.2	36.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,840	11,480	9,360	22.0	24.7	19.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,050	915	1,135	2.2	2.0	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,655	2,405	3,250	6.0	5.2	6.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,685	1,100	3,585	5.0	2.4	7.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,940	...	...	53.6	...	...
3 persons	5,850	...	...	17.5	...	...
4 persons	6,185	...	...	18.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,475	...	...	10.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,625	...	...	88.6	...	...
Married couples	25,650	...	...	76.7	...	...
With children⁶	12,340	...	...	36.9	...	...
Without children	13,310	...	...	39.8	...	...
Common-law couples	3,980	...	...	11.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,535	...	...	4.6	...	...
Without children	2,445	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,815	...	...	11.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,865	...	...	8.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	950	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,260	55,540	55,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	96,960	48,740	48,225	87.1	87.8	86.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	59,260	29,600	29,660	53.3	53.3	53.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,815	945	2,870	3.4	1.7	5.2
Children⁶	33,890	18,190	15,700	30.5	32.8	28.2
In a two-parent family	27,800	14,845	12,960	25.0	26.7	23.3
In a one-parent family	6,090	3,350	2,735	5.5	6.0	4.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,295	6,805	7,495	12.8	12.3	13.5
Living alone	9,415	4,305	5,110	8.5	7.8	9.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,835	805	1,030	1.6	1.4	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	3,050	1,695	1,355	2.7	3.1	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,180	...	...	69.8	...	...
Couple-family households	27,290	...	...	63.1	...	...
With children⁶	12,695	...	...	29.3	...	...
Without children	14,595	...	...	33.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,890	...	...	6.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,005	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	245	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,215	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,205	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	9,415	...	...	21.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,320	45,175	46,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,085	43,085	44,005	95.4	95.4	95.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	56,400	36,400	44,400	56,400	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,170	43,135	44,035	95.5	95.5	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,800	33,600	40,000	48,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,040	40,315	39,725	87.6	89.2	86.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	51,200	28,400	38,400	51,200	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,075	32,375	29,700	68.0	71.7	64.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	51,200	28,600	37,600	51,200	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,515	36,500	38,015	81.6	80.8	82.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	7,100	10,500	9,100	7,100	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,740	3,250	3,490	7.4	7.2	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,760	5,760	5,760	5,760	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,805	9,450	11,355	22.8	20.9	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,365	45,215	46,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,935	42,990	43,940	95.2	95.1	95.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,200	93,600	53,250	73,200	93,600	53,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,995	43,025	43,970	95.2	95.2	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,700	71,400	44,320	57,700	71,400	44,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,045	40,410	39,635	87.6	89.4	85.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,700	90,800	48,240	69,700	90,800	48,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,145	32,400	29,745	68.0	71.7	64.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,100	83,500	42,960	64,100	83,500	42,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,200	36,335	37,870	81.2	80.4	82.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,560	9,790	11,300	10,560	9,790	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,705	3,290	3,415	7.3	7.3	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,020	6,670	7,360	7,020	6,670	7,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,660	9,545	11,120	22.6	21.1	24.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630	8,420	8,810	8,630	8,420	8,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,365	45,215	46,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,220	16,875	11,345	30.9	37.3	24.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	85,000	59,200	72,500	85,000	59,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	102,300	122,900	71,600	102,300	122,900	71,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,230	11,310	13,915	27.6	25.0	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	22,400	16,200	18,600	22,400	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,320	47,080	27,560	36,320	47,080	27,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.6	91.2	81.8	87.6	91.2	81.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.6	67.2	54.6	62.6	67.2	54.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.3	8.8	18.3	12.3	8.8	18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.6	1.1	0.7	0.6	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.2	2.2	4.9	3.2	2.2	4.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.8	2.0	4.2	2.8	2.0	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,320	45,180	46,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,235	2,090	2,145	4.6	4.6	4.6
With total income	87,090	43,085	44,000	95.4	95.4	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,935	3,080	4,860	9.1	7.1	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,125	3,280	5,840	10.5	7.6	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,955	5,535	7,420	14.9	12.8	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	9,825	4,005	5,825	11.3	9.3	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	8,210	3,595	4,615	9.4	8.3	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,910	3,265	3,645	7.9	7.6	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,860	3,085	2,775	6.7	7.2	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,560	2,540	2,020	5.2	5.9	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,590	2,165	1,425	4.1	5.0	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,145	1,885	1,265	3.6	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	14,975	10,655	4,320	17.2	24.7	9.8
$100,000 to $149,999	8,170	5,430	2,740	9.4	12.6	6.2
$150,000 and over	6,805	5,220	1,580	7.8	12.1	3.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,320	45,180	46,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,155	2,045	2,115	4.5	4.5	4.6
With after-tax income	87,165	43,135	44,030	95.5	95.5	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,530	3,295	5,240	9.8	7.6	11.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,565	3,485	6,075	11.0	8.1	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,290	6,065	8,220	16.4	14.1	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	11,350	4,780	6,575	13.0	11.1	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,555	4,410	5,150	11.0	10.2	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,795	4,025	3,770	8.9	9.3	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,875	3,345	2,530	6.7	7.8	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,475	2,695	1,775	5.1	6.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,655	2,240	1,415	4.2	5.2	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,500	1,680	825	2.9	3.9	1.9
$100,000 and over	9,575	7,115	2,460	11.0	16.5	5.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,715	2,605	1,105	4.3	6.0	2.5
$125,000 and over	5,860	4,510	1,350	6.7	10.5	3.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,320	45,180	46,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,245	12,805	16,440	32.0	28.3	35.6
With employment income	62,080	32,370	29,705	68.0	71.6	64.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,140	4,805	5,330	16.3	14.8	17.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,880	2,025	2,855	7.9	6.3	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,065	3,020	4,050	11.4	9.3	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,180	2,200	2,980	8.3	6.8	10.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,800	2,020	2,775	7.7	6.2	9.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,140	1,900	2,240	6.7	5.9	7.5
$50,000 to $59,999	3,950	1,870	2,080	6.4	5.8	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,490	1,890	1,595	5.6	5.8	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,795	1,645	1,150	4.5	5.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,395	1,450	945	3.9	4.5	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,390	1,435	960	3.8	4.4	3.2
$100,000 and over	10,850	8,110	2,740	17.5	25.1	9.2
$100,000 to $124,999	4,045	2,730	1,315	6.5	8.4	4.4
$125,000 and over	6,810	5,380	1,425	11.0	16.6	4.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,320	45,175	46,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,115	42,090	43,020	93.2	93.2	93.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	57,600	35,200	44,400	57,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,175	42,100	43,080	93.3	93.2	93.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,000	32,400	39,600	50,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,030	39,800	39,230	86.5	88.1	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	55,200	30,800	41,200	55,200	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,150	32,410	29,740	68.1	71.7	64.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	54,800	31,400	40,800	54,800	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,750	34,970	35,775	77.5	77.4	77.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,200	1,160	5,960	3,200	1,160	5,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,930	2,365	2,565	5.4	5.2	5.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,640	6,800	6,200	5,640	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,365	45,215	46,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,005	41,955	43,055	93.0	92.8	93.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,800	99,600	52,600	75,800	99,600	52,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,060	41,960	43,095	93.1	92.8	93.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,200	75,100	43,720	59,200	75,100	43,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,135	39,840	39,295	86.6	88.1	85.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	74,600	98,800	50,120	74,600	98,800	50,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,175	32,395	29,785	68.1	71.6	64.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,900	90,400	45,520	68,900	90,400	45,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,380	34,700	35,675	77.0	76.7	77.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,660	7,040	8,260	7,660	7,040	8,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,845	2,320	2,535	5.3	5.1	5.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,650	6,990	8,260	7,650	6,990	8,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,365	45,215	46,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,010	16,785	11,225	30.7	37.1	24.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	84,000	56,000	71,000	84,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	102,100	123,900	69,500	102,100	123,900	69,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,645	10,650	13,000	25.9	23.6	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	33,600	22,000	25,600	33,600	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	47,240	61,950	35,160	47,240	61,950	35,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.6	94.2	87.0	91.6	94.2	87.0
Employment income (%)	66.4	70.0	59.9	66.4	70.0	59.9
Government transfers (%)	8.4	5.8	13.0	8.4	5.8	13.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.4	0.9	0.6	0.4	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,600	...	...	62,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,400	...	...	51,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	170,400	...	...	170,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	430	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,225	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,425	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	980	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,245	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,430	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,365	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,735	...	...	6.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,655	...	...	6.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,570	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,430	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,280	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,660	...	...	50.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,110	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,900	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,150	...	...	11.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,500	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	510	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	305	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	435	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,315	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,540	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,130	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,450	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,640	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,580	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,240	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,130	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,065	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,955	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,645	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,135	...	...	41.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,440	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,805	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,890	...	...	20.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,465	6,000	6,465	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	46,400	37,600	41,200	46,400	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,800	34,800	37,600	40,800	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	170,600	...	...	170,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	147,600	...	...	147,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,200	...	...	117,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	216,000	...	...	216,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	165,600	...	...	165,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,900	...	...	80,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,475	6,020	6,455	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,000	62,900	53,400	58,000	62,900	53,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,920	51,120	44,920	47,920	51,120	44,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,265	55,545	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,680	12,870	11,810	22.2	23.2	21.2
0 to 5 years	6,365	3,275	3,090	5.7	5.9	5.5
18 to 64 years	63,900	31,450	32,450	57.4	56.6	58.2
65 years and over	22,685	11,225	11,455	20.4	20.2	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,110	4,315	4,795	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,250	1,210	1,040	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	640	330	305	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,770	2,240	2,530	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,085	860	1,230	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.2	7.8	8.6	8.2	7.8	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.4	8.8	9.1	9.4	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	10.1	9.9	10.0	10.1	9.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	7.1	7.8	7.5	7.1	7.8
65 years and over (%)	9.2	7.7	10.7	9.2	7.7	10.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	109,695	54,795	54,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,220	12,635	11,585	22.1	23.1	21.1
0 to 5 years	6,230	3,220	3,010	5.7	5.9	5.5
18 to 64 years	62,955	31,010	31,950	57.4	56.6	58.2
65 years and over	22,520	11,155	11,365	20.5	20.4	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,890	1,485	1,405	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	655	355	295	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	75	60	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,900	975	930	...	...	...
65 years and over	335	160	180	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.3	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,260	55,545	55,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	45,895	22,075	23,820	41.3	39.7	42.8
In bottom decile	7,885	3,835	4,050	7.1	6.9	7.3
In second decile	9,370	4,345	5,030	8.4	7.8	9.0
In third decile	9,195	4,370	4,820	8.3	7.9	8.7
In fourth decile	9,515	4,655	4,860	8.6	8.4	8.7
In fifth decile	9,930	4,870	5,055	8.9	8.8	9.1
In top half of the distribution	65,370	33,470	31,900	58.8	60.3	57.3
In sixth decile	10,525	5,280	5,245	9.5	9.5	9.4
In seventh decile	10,785	5,460	5,330	9.7	9.8	9.6
In eighth decile	11,550	5,905	5,645	10.4	10.6	10.1
In ninth decile	12,565	6,450	6,115	11.3	11.6	11.0
In top decile	19,945	10,375	9,570	17.9	18.7	17.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,260	...	...	111,260	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.420	...	...	0.420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.507	...	...	0.507	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.365	...	...	0.365	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,350	56,985	57,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	107,555	53,965	53,590	94.1	94.7	93.4
French only	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,430	2,850	3,580	5.6	5.0	6.2
Neither English nor French	330	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,350	56,985	57,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	112,655	56,150	56,500	98.5	98.5	98.5
French	1,215	615	600	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and French	175	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	310	135	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,350	56,985	57,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	112,500	56,080	56,420	98.4	98.4	98.4
Official languages	101,275	50,640	50,625	88.6	88.9	88.3
English	99,955	49,970	49,985	87.4	87.7	87.1
French	1,315	675	645	1.1	1.2	1.1
Non-official languages	11,230	5,435	5,795	9.8	9.5	10.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	275	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	265	100	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	255	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,960	5,325	5,630	9.6	9.3	9.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,025	940	1,090	1.8	1.6	1.9
Bikol	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,635	760	875	1.4	1.3	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,605	3,765	3,835	6.7	6.6	6.7
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,035	495	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,020	495	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,570	2,260	2,305	4.0	4.0	4.0
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,245	1,600	1,645	2.8	2.8	2.9
German	3,170	1,565	1,605	2.8	2.7	2.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,170	585	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afrikaans	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	850	440	415	0.7	0.8	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	735	385	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	675	355	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,205	595	610	1.1	1.0	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	190	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	845	405	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	375	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	370	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,850	905	950	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and French	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,305	645	655	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,350	56,985	57,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	102,680	51,385	51,300	89.8	90.2	89.4
French	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	3,045	1,470	1,575	2.7	2.6	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,005	1,450	1,550	2.6	2.5	2.7
English and French	870	390	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	7,180	3,470	3,715	6.3	6.1	6.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,350	56,985	57,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	112,780	56,235	56,550	98.6	98.7	98.6
Official languages	107,225	53,505	53,720	93.8	93.9	93.6
English	106,890	53,340	53,550	93.5	93.6	93.3
French	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	5,555	2,725	2,830	4.9	4.8	4.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,480	2,690	2,785	4.8	4.7	4.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,255	630	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,065	535	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,565	1,730	1,835	3.1	3.0	3.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	280	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	280	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,235	1,075	1,165	2.0	1.9	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,900	910	990	1.7	1.6	1.7
German	1,875	900	975	1.6	1.6	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	455	230	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	425	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	580	285	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	500	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,570	755	820	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,410	675	730	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,350	56,980	57,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	107,340	53,630	53,710	93.9	94.1	93.6
English	2,235	1,115	1,125	2.0	2.0	2.0
French	660	300	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	3,430	1,630	1,795	3.0	2.9	3.1
Indigenous³⁹	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,215	1,540	1,680	2.8	2.7	2.9
English and French	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	245	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	265	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,340	55,560	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,010	55,435	55,575	99.7	99.8	99.6
English	110,960	55,405	55,555	99.7	99.7	99.6
French	6,380	2,790	3,595	5.7	5.0	6.4
Non-official languages	13,785	6,590	7,195	12.4	11.9	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	670	265	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algonquian languages	660	265	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
Blackfoot	610	250	360	0.5	0.4	0.6
Cree-Innu languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,130	6,325	6,805	11.8	11.4	12.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	415	230	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	410	230	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	320	180	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,715	1,275	1,445	2.4	2.3	2.6
Bikol	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	165	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,590	1,210	1,380	2.3	2.2	2.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	125	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,510	4,130	4,380	7.6	7.4	7.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,505	715	780	1.4	1.3	1.4
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,490	715	775	1.3	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	440	200	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	490	250	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	290	115	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,510	1,725	1,780	3.2	3.1	3.2
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,835	925	905	1.6	1.7	1.6
German	1,785	905	880	1.6	1.6	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,645	835	810	1.5	1.5	1.5
Afrikaans	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	1,215	625	595	1.1	1.1	1.1
Low German, n.o.s.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	905	480	425	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	830	435	390	0.7	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	395	225	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	395	205	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,835	1,340	1,495	2.5	2.4	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	365	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,255	1,035	1,225	2.0	1.9	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	190	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	460	235	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	460	235	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	245	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	225	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,340	55,560	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,035	3,385	3,645	6.3	6.1	6.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,800	3,275	3,525	6.1	5.9	6.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,705	1,730	1,975	3.3	3.1	3.5
Métis	3,015	1,500	1,515	2.7	2.7	2.7
Inuk (Inuit)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	104,305	52,180	52,130	93.7	93.9	93.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,340	55,560	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,170	1,510	1,665	2.8	2.7	3.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	108,170	54,055	54,115	97.2	97.3	97.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	36,235	...	...	83.7	...	...
Renter	6,675	...	...	15.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	380	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,295	...	...	9.9	...	...
Not condominium	38,990	...	...	90.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,020	...	...	4.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,995	...	...	18.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,250	...	...	35.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,920	...	...	41.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,825	...	...	13.5	...	...
5 rooms	5,805	...	...	13.4	...	...
6 rooms	6,155	...	...	14.2	...	...
7 rooms	6,390	...	...	14.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,120	...	...	44.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,795	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	490	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	42,160	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,125	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,475	...	...	12.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,365	...	...	19.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,380	...	...	10.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,450	...	...	17.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,050	...	...	11.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,270	...	...	14.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,855	...	...	8.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,445	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,955	...	...	94.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,340	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,155	...	...	46.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,620	...	...	49.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,515	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	585	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,610	...	...	8.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,190	...	...	16.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,055	...	...	18.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,905	...	...	22.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,720	...	...	20.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,145	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,080	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,655	...	...	82.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,405	...	...	18.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,620	...	...	16.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,095	...	...	23.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,755	...	...	15.6	...	...
Not suitable only	910	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,675	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	530	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,195	...	...	76.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,330	...	...	5.8	...	...
Not in core need	37,945	...	...	94.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.8	...	...	57.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,688	...	...	1,688	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	594,000	...	...	594,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,560	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.7	...	...	35.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,332	...	...	1,332	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	380	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	294	...	...	294	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	352	...	...	352	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,345	55,565	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,165	1,520	1,645	2.8	2.7	2.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,115	1,495	1,615	2.8	2.7	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,535	1,205	1,335	2.3	2.2	2.4
Métis single ancestry	550	285	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,365	2,510	2,855	4.8	4.5	5.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,170	2,420	2,750	4.6	4.4	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,845	1,285	1,565	2.6	2.3	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,245	1,085	1,165	2.0	2.0	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	102,810	51,525	51,285	92.3	92.7	91.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,340	55,565	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,105	52,975	53,125	95.3	95.3	95.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,005	12,470	11,535	21.6	22.4	20.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,095	40,510	41,585	73.7	72.9	74.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,240	2,585	2,650	4.7	4.7	4.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,340	55,565	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	96,465	48,405	48,060	86.6	87.1	86.2
Immigrants⁸¹	14,365	6,835	7,525	12.9	12.3	13.5
Before 1980	3,995	1,850	2,145	3.6	3.3	3.8
1980 to 1990	1,525	700	830	1.4	1.3	1.5
1991 to 2000	1,435	675	755	1.3	1.2	1.4
2001 to 2010	2,810	1,415	1,390	2.5	2.5	2.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,600	2,195	2,405	4.1	4.0	4.3
2011 to 2015	2,385	1,095	1,290	2.1	2.0	2.3
2016 to 2021	2,220	1,105	1,110	2.0	2.0	2.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	515	320	195	0.5	0.6	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,365	6,835	7,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,555	715	845	10.8	10.5	11.2
5 to 14 years	2,950	1,455	1,490	20.5	21.3	19.8
15 to 24 years	2,410	1,120	1,290	16.8	16.4	17.1
25 to 44 years	6,300	2,955	3,350	43.9	43.2	44.5
45 years and over	1,150	595	555	8.0	8.7	7.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,365	6,835	7,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,205	895	1,315	15.3	13.1	17.5
Brazil	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	45	10	35	0.3	0.1	0.5
El Salvador	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyana	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	100	50	50	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mexico	380	180	195	2.6	2.6	2.6
Peru	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	30	25	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
United States of America	1,240	440	805	8.6	6.4	10.7
Other places of birth in Americas	280	115	160	1.9	1.7	2.1
Europe	7,100	3,580	3,525	49.4	52.4	46.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Croatia	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
France	70	40	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
Germany	620	280	340	4.3	4.1	4.5
Greece	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	100	45	60	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italy	120	70	45	0.8	1.0	0.6
Netherlands	855	450	400	6.0	6.6	5.3
Poland	275	105	165	1.9	1.5	2.2
Portugal	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.5
Romania	105	40	65	0.7	0.6	0.9
Russian Federation	95	50	50	0.7	0.7	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	55	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	120	60	65	0.8	0.9	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,540	1,840	1,700	24.6	26.9	22.6
Other places of birth in Europe	980	500	480	6.8	7.3	6.4
Africa	850	400	445	5.9	5.9	5.9
Algeria	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopia	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	90	50	45	0.6	0.7	0.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	380	180	200	2.6	2.6	2.7
Other places of birth in Africa	270	130	140	1.9	1.9	1.9
Asia	3,995	1,855	2,140	27.8	27.1	28.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	65	40	25	0.5	0.6	0.3
Iraq	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkey	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	190	80	105	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	180	85	95	1.3	1.2	1.3
Taiwan	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Philippines	2,420	1,115	1,310	16.8	16.3	17.4
Viet Nam	115	55	65	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	335	170	165	2.3	2.5	2.2
Pakistan	70	35	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sri Lanka	50	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	370	155	215	2.6	2.3	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	210	110	100	1.5	1.6	1.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,215	1,105	1,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	340	185	155	15.3	16.7	13.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	110	70	40	5.0	6.3	3.6
United States of America	180	85	90	8.1	7.7	8.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Europe	355	195	160	16.0	17.6	14.3
France	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Germany	30	0	25	1.4	0.0	2.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	15	10	1.1	1.4	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	185	100	85	8.4	9.0	7.6
Other places of birth in Europe	90	55	30	4.1	5.0	2.7
Africa	130	55	75	5.9	5.0	6.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	35	35	3.4	3.2	3.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	1.1	0.9	1.3
Asia	1,380	660	715	62.3	59.7	64.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	80	45	35	3.6	4.1	3.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	30	25	2.3	2.7	2.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	70	35	35	3.2	3.2	3.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,045	495	545	47.2	44.8	48.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	45	25	25	2.0	2.3	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	0.9
Australia	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,340	55,560	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,925	7,705	8,225	14.3	13.9	14.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,970	8,850	9,120	16.1	15.9	16.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	77,450	39,010	38,440	69.6	70.2	68.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,370	4,985	5,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,350	3,725	3,625	70.9	74.7	67.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,710	1,970	735	26.1	39.5	13.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,645	1,750	2,890	44.8	35.1	53.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,385	945	1,435	23.0	19.0	26.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	555	290	270	5.4	5.8	5.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	25	50	0.7	0.5	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,370	4,985	5,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	165	95	70	1.6	1.9	1.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,630	1,485	1,150	25.4	29.8	21.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	385	210	175	3.7	4.2	3.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	365	170	195	3.5	3.4	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	0	65	0.7	0.0	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,740	3,020	3,725	65.0	60.6	69.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,340	55,560	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,420	4,030	4,385	7.6	7.3	7.9
South Asian	1,280	670	610	1.1	1.2	1.1
Chinese	615	280	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Black	970	475	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	3,050	1,455	1,600	2.7	2.6	2.9
Arab	290	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin American	800	375	420	0.7	0.7	0.8
Southeast Asian	380	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Asian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	300	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	230	75	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	355	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	102,920	51,530	51,395	92.4	92.7	92.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,340	55,560	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,935	8,210	7,725	14.3	14.8	13.8
English	30,965	15,105	15,860	27.8	27.2	28.4
Irish	19,740	9,460	10,275	17.7	17.0	18.4
Scottish	24,075	11,650	12,430	21.6	21.0	22.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,695	4,665	5,030	8.7	8.4	9.0
German	20,675	10,335	10,340	18.6	18.6	18.5
Chinese	750	335	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italian	3,790	2,000	1,790	3.4	3.6	3.2
Indian (India)	730	400	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ukrainian	7,755	3,925	3,830	7.0	7.1	6.9
Dutch	7,800	3,765	4,025	7.0	6.8	7.2
Polish	4,725	2,380	2,345	4.2	4.3	4.2
Québécois	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,525	2,815	2,715	5.0	5.1	4.9
Filipino	2,765	1,320	1,445	2.5	2.4	2.6
French Canadian	905	490	415	0.8	0.9	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,145	1,070	1,075	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,630	705	925	1.5	1.3	1.7
Métis	3,040	1,490	1,550	2.7	2.7	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,300	1,175	1,125	2.1	2.1	2.0
Russian	3,030	1,440	1,590	2.7	2.6	2.9
Norwegian	5,680	2,695	2,980	5.1	4.9	5.3
Welsh	2,835	1,385	1,455	2.5	2.5	2.6
Portuguese	365	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	3,105	1,465	1,640	2.8	2.6	2.9
Spanish	740	375	360	0.7	0.7	0.6
Swedish	3,405	1,565	1,840	3.1	2.8	3.3
Hungarian	1,945	860	1,080	1.7	1.5	1.9
Acadian	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	335	130	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Jewish	370	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	420	215	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	380	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	760	355	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Korean	305	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	810	380	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	390	215	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Danish	2,350	1,130	1,225	2.1	2.0	2.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	555	235	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Sikh	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,190	580	610	1.1	1.0	1.1
Belgian	845	380	470	0.8	0.7	0.8
Haitian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	180	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	665	325	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	630	310	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swiss	1,010	480	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Finnish	655	305	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sri Lankan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	350	125	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Japanese	490	200	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,035	510	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	245	155	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	740	345	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
Colombian	60	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	885	435	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Syrian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	120	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	145	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	610	360	250	0.5	0.6	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	130	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eritrean	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	500	280	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	890	450	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,460	700	760	1.3	1.3	1.4
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Breton	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	85	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	205	70	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,340	55,560	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	305	120	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	60,100	28,545	31,555	54.0	51.4	56.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,985	5,885	6,110	10.8	10.6	11.0
Anabaptist	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	4,485	2,060	2,425	4.0	3.7	4.3
Baptist	1,020	465	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catholic	20,755	10,040	10,720	18.6	18.1	19.2
Christian Orthodox	725	345	380	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	625	305	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	3,405	1,615	1,790	3.1	2.9	3.2
Lutheran	2,370	1,075	1,295	2.1	1.9	2.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	270	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	935	480	450	0.8	0.9	0.8
Presbyterian	785	325	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	790	370	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
United Church	7,745	3,505	4,240	7.0	6.3	7.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,790	1,735	2,050	3.4	3.1	3.7
Hindu	370	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	230	85	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	535	295	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sikh	315	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	555	285	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	750	305	440	0.7	0.5	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	48,180	25,570	22,620	43.3	46.0	40.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,475	55,125	55,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,505	49,270	49,235	89.2	89.4	89.0
Movers	11,965	5,860	6,110	10.8	10.6	11.0
Non-migrants	5,030	2,420	2,605	4.6	4.4	4.7
Migrants	6,940	3,440	3,500	6.3	6.2	6.3
Internal migrants	6,560	3,235	3,320	5.9	5.9	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	5,085	2,525	2,560	4.6	4.6	4.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,475	710	760	1.3	1.3	1.4
External migrants	380	200	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,265	52,940	53,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,725	33,910	33,815	63.7	64.1	63.4
Movers	38,540	19,030	19,515	36.3	35.9	36.6
Non-migrants	10,030	5,065	4,970	9.4	9.6	9.3
Migrants	28,510	13,965	14,550	26.8	26.4	27.3
Internal migrants	26,735	13,085	13,650	25.2	24.7	25.6
Intraprovincial migrants	21,795	10,710	11,090	20.5	20.2	20.8
Interprovincial migrants	4,940	2,375	2,560	4.6	4.5	4.8
External migrants	1,775	875	900	1.7	1.7	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,365	45,215	46,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,945	8,425	6,515	16.4	18.6	14.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,420	36,790	39,630	83.6	81.4	85.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,010	27,175	28,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,540	3,375	2,165	9.9	12.4	7.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,470	23,800	26,675	90.1	87.6	92.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,365	45,215	46,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,760	6,995	5,765	14.0	15.5	12.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,790	13,275	14,520	30.4	29.4	31.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,810	24,950	25,860	55.6	55.2	56.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,910	15,550	15,360	33.8	34.4	33.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,200	7,235	1,965	10.1	16.0	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,680	1,545	1,135	2.9	3.4	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,520	5,690	825	7.1	12.6	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,265	7,355	11,910	21.1	16.3	25.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,445	955	1,490	2.7	2.1	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,895	9,395	10,500	21.8	20.8	22.8
Bachelor's degree	14,075	6,470	7,600	15.4	14.3	16.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,105	415	695	1.2	0.9	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	765	420	345	0.8	0.9	0.7
Master's degree	3,465	1,800	1,660	3.8	4.0	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	485	285	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,015	27,175	28,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,310	2,580	1,725	7.7	9.5	6.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,340	7,365	7,980	27.4	27.1	27.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,360	17,230	19,130	64.9	63.4	66.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,610	10,725	10,880	38.6	39.5	37.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,190	4,935	1,255	11.1	18.2	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,665	1,005	660	3.0	3.7	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,525	3,930	590	8.1	14.5	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,785	5,150	8,635	24.6	19.0	29.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,630	640	995	2.9	2.4	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,750	6,500	8,250	26.3	23.9	28.6
Bachelor's degree	10,520	4,540	5,980	18.8	16.7	20.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	800	290	510	1.4	1.1	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	585	275	310	1.0	1.0	1.1
Master's degree	2,530	1,240	1,290	4.5	4.6	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	320	160	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,360	45,220	46,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,555	20,270	20,285	44.4	44.8	44.0
Education	3,790	915	2,870	4.1	2.0	6.2
13. Education	3,790	915	2,870	4.1	2.0	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,315	560	750	1.4	1.2	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	170	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,115	390	720	1.2	0.9	1.6
Humanities	1,650	680	965	1.8	1.5	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	300	60	240	0.3	0.1	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	430	150	280	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	350	195	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,245	1,270	2,975	4.6	2.8	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	200	385	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	795	50	745	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	740	195	545	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	740	180	565	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,270	625	640	1.4	1.4	1.4
Business, management and public administration	10,050	3,810	6,235	11.0	8.4	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	90	480	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,455	3,715	5,735	10.3	8.2	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,910	1,040	870	2.1	2.3	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	625	260	360	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	390	185	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	725	540	185	0.8	1.2	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,205	735	465	1.3	1.6	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	940	625	315	1.0	1.4	0.7
25. Library science	100	0	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,890	11,830	1,065	14.1	26.2	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	350	245	100	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	2,390	2,050	345	2.6	4.5	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,875	2,465	405	3.1	5.5	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,135	3,040	95	3.4	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,755	2,665	90	3.0	5.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,395	1,365	30	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,345	1,375	965	2.6	3.0	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,720	980	735	1.9	2.2	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	630	400	230	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	8,545	1,435	7,105	9.4	3.2	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	660	265	395	0.7	0.6	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,685	1,065	6,620	8.4	2.4	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,865	1,285	1,580	3.1	2.8	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,695	330	1,365	1.9	0.7	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	545	365	175	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	605	575	35	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,010	27,175	28,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,650	9,945	9,705	35.1	36.6	33.7
Education	2,325	470	1,860	4.2	1.7	6.4
13. Education	2,325	470	1,860	4.2	1.7	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	920	375	545	1.6	1.4	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	80	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	815	295	525	1.5	1.1	1.8
Humanities	1,180	445	745	2.1	1.6	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	15	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	210	50	165	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	325	95	240	0.6	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	80	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	250	130	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	140	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,350	930	2,425	6.0	3.4	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	495	165	325	0.9	0.6	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	600	30	570	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	595	130	465	1.1	0.5	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	570	125	440	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	995	455	540	1.8	1.7	1.9
Business, management and public administration	7,440	2,780	4,660	13.3	10.2	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	430	45	385	0.8	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,995	2,740	4,255	12.5	10.1	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,255	635	625	2.2	2.3	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	440	175	265	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	135	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	425	290	135	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	890	580	310	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	740	500	240	1.3	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,020	8,105	915	16.1	29.8	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	225	135	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	1,655	1,355	300	3.0	5.0	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,020	1,660	355	3.6	6.1	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,205	2,125	80	3.9	7.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,975	1,900	75	3.5	7.0	0.3
48. Precision production	940	920	20	1.7	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,660	870	790	3.0	3.2	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,185	590	595	2.1	2.2	2.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	470	275	195	0.8	1.0	0.7
Health and related fields	6,175	1,070	5,110	11.0	3.9	17.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	480	195	285	0.9	0.7	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,545	790	4,760	9.9	2.9	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	70	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,130	980	1,145	3.8	3.6	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,190	225	970	2.1	0.8	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	460	315	150	0.8	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	425	30	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,010	27,175	28,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,650	9,945	9,705	35.1	36.6	33.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,360	17,225	19,135	64.9	63.4	66.3
Location of study inside Canada	31,110	14,615	16,495	55.5	53.8	57.2
Same as province or territory of residence	23,150	10,760	12,395	41.3	39.6	43.0
Different than province or territory of residence	7,955	3,855	4,095	14.2	14.2	14.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,255	2,610	2,640	9.4	9.6	9.2
Americas	1,620	845	775	2.9	3.1	2.7
United States of America	1,390	740	650	2.5	2.7	2.3
Mexico	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	1,785	945	840	3.2	3.5	2.9
Belgium	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	125	45	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Netherlands	140	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Switzerland	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Poland	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	965	535	430	1.7	2.0	1.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	285	135	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	185	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,440	615	830	2.6	2.3	2.9
Iran⁸⁸	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	970	425	545	1.7	1.6	1.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	125	70	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,365	45,215	46,145	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,675	30,760	26,920	...	...	...
Employed	52,610	28,040	24,570	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,065	2,715	2,350	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,690	14,460	19,225	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.1	68.0	58.3	63.1	68.0	58.3
Employment rate	57.6	62.0	53.2	57.6	62.0	53.2
Unemployment rate	8.8	8.8	8.7	8.8	8.8	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,360	45,220	46,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,775	14,545	19,235	37.0	32.2	41.7
Worked	57,585	30,670	26,910	63.0	67.8	58.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,725	17,890	11,835	32.5	39.6	25.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,860	12,780	15,075	30.5	28.3	32.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	42.0	39.9	41.0	42.0	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,680	30,760	26,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	675	595	2.2	2.2	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,405	30,080	26,330	97.8	97.8	97.8
Employee	42,470	21,840	20,625	73.6	71.0	76.6
Permanent position	34,925	18,375	16,555	60.5	59.7	61.5
Temporary position	7,540	3,470	4,070	13.1	11.3	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,875	730	1,145	3.3	2.4	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,660	2,735	2,925	9.8	8.9	10.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,940	8,240	5,700	24.2	26.8	21.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,680	30,760	26,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	675	595	2.2	2.2	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,405	30,080	26,330	97.8	97.8	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,310	990	320	2.3	3.2	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,230	2,470	6,760	16.0	8.0	25.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,755	2,870	890	6.5	9.3	3.3
3 Health occupations	4,250	820	3,425	7.4	2.7	12.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,520	1,845	3,680	9.6	6.0	13.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,675	550	1,125	2.9	1.8	4.2
6 Sales and service occupations	12,610	5,290	7,325	21.9	17.2	27.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,325	10,260	1,065	19.6	33.4	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,405	3,140	1,260	7.6	10.2	4.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,330	1,850	480	4.0	6.0	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,680	30,760	26,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	675	595	2.2	2.2	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	56,405	30,080	26,330	97.8	97.8	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,420	2,195	1,220	5.9	7.1	4.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,070	2,415	650	5.3	7.9	2.4
22 Utilities	480	345	130	0.8	1.1	0.5
23 Construction	6,315	5,245	1,075	10.9	17.1	4.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,205	2,240	970	5.6	7.3	3.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,910	1,335	575	3.3	4.3	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,980	2,910	3,070	10.4	9.5	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,285	1,565	725	4.0	5.1	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	640	360	280	1.1	1.2	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,490	555	935	2.6	1.8	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,100	635	465	1.9	2.1	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,845	2,600	2,240	8.4	8.5	8.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	225	140	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,445	1,305	1,135	4.2	4.2	4.2
61 Educational services	3,340	835	2,505	5.8	2.7	9.3
62 Health care and social assistance	6,540	1,080	5,465	11.3	3.5	20.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,555	710	845	2.7	2.3	3.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,655	985	1,670	4.6	3.2	6.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,680	1,390	1,290	4.6	4.5	4.8
91 Public administration	2,240	1,245	995	3.9	4.0	3.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,165	32,840	29,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,845	32,205	28,635	97.9	98.1	97.6
French	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	415	165	245	0.7	0.5	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	780	400	380	1.3	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,165	32,840	29,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,985	32,735	29,250	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	61,835	32,640	29,190	99.5	99.4	99.5
English	61,745	32,630	29,120	99.3	99.4	99.3
French	90	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.3
Non-official languages	155	100	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	180	100	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	135	90	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,165	32,840	29,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,120	32,365	28,760	98.3	98.6	98.1
English	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
French	325	150	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	550	255	295	0.9	0.8	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	490	240	245	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,610	28,040	24,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,145	6,325	6,820	25.0	22.6	27.8
Worked outside Canada	155	110	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	8,430	6,300	2,130	16.0	22.5	8.7
Usual place of work	30,880	15,305	15,575	58.7	54.6	63.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,885	15,310	15,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,325	5,080	7,245	39.9	33.2	46.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,320	8,085	7,235	49.6	52.8	46.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,420	1,450	970	7.8	9.5	6.2
Commute to a different province or territory	815	690	125	2.6	4.5	0.8
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,310	21,610	17,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,840	19,740	16,100	91.2	91.3	90.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,950	18,965	14,980	86.4	87.8	84.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,885	775	1,115	4.8	3.6	6.3
Public transit	395	240	160	1.0	1.1	0.9
Walked	1,820	830	990	4.6	3.8	5.6
Bicycle	155	95	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other method	1,100	705	400	2.8	3.3	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,310	21,610	17,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,570	6,340	8,235	37.1	29.3	46.5
15 to 29 minutes	9,850	5,045	4,800	25.1	23.3	27.1
30 to 44 minutes	8,110	5,285	2,825	20.6	24.5	16.0
45 to 59 minutes	3,675	2,535	1,140	9.3	11.7	6.4
60 minutes and over	3,110	2,400	710	7.9	11.1	4.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,310	21,610	17,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,055	2,345	710	7.8	10.9	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,990	5,520	2,470	20.3	25.5	14.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,250	5,645	4,605	26.1	26.1	26.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,885	3,275	4,610	20.1	15.2	26.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,800	1,935	2,865	12.2	9.0	16.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,325	2,885	2,440	13.5	13.4	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,200	13,160	12,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,465	750	720	5.8	5.7	6.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,735	12,410	11,325	94.2	94.3	94.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,680	10,330	9,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,170	605	565	5.9	5.9	6.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	455	215	240	2.3	2.1	2.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	715	390	325	3.6	3.8	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,505	9,725	8,780	94.0	94.1	93.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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