Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	HalifaxMore information: Nova Scotia [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	348,634
Population, 2016¹	317,334^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.9
Total private dwellings²	162,336
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	154,883
Population density per square kilometre	1,463.1
Land area in square kilometres	238.29
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	348,635
0 to 14 years	50,190
0 to 4 years	15,575
5 to 9 years	17,465
10 to 14 years	17,155
15 to 64 years	238,775
15 to 19 years	16,695
20 to 24 years	28,170
25 to 29 years	30,965
30 to 34 years	28,020
35 to 39 years	25,010
40 to 44 years	22,155
45 to 49 years	20,745
50 to 54 years	20,905
55 to 59 years	23,925
60 to 64 years	22,190
65 years and over	59,680
65 to 69 years	18,820
70 to 74 years	16,355
75 to 79 years	10,910
80 to 84 years	6,975
85 years and over	6,615
85 to 89 years	4,280
90 to 94 years	1,730
95 to 99 years	540
100 years and over	65
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4
15 to 64 years	68.5
65 years and over	17.1
85 years and over	1.9
Average age of the population	40.9
Median age of the population	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	154,880
Single-detached house	58,105
Semi-detached house	12,100
Row house	7,215
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,110
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	40,090
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	28,310
Other single-attached house	170
Movable dwelling⁴	2,790
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	154,885
1 person	50,100
2 persons	56,805
3 persons	22,835
4 persons	17,010
5 or more persons	8,140
Number of persons in private households	344,670
Average household size	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	298,445
Married or living common-law	159,050
Married	121,795
Living common-law	37,255
Living common law - Never married	29,030
Living common law - Separated	1,535
Living common law - Divorced	6,035
Living common law - Widowed	660
Not married and not living common-law	139,400
Not married and not living common law - Never married	98,025
Not married and not living common law - Separated	8,385
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	18,375
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	14,620
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	94,180
2 persons	53,470
3 persons	19,775
4 persons	15,225
5 or more persons	5,705
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	94,175
Total couple families	77,885
Married couples	59,255
With children⁶	29,585
Without children	29,670
Common-law couples	18,625
With children⁶	5,165
Without children	13,460
Total one-parent families	16,295
in which the parent is a woman+	13,200
in which the parent is a man+	3,095
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	344,670
Total - Persons in census families	257,740
Married spouses or common-law partners	155,765
Parents in one-parent families	16,295
Children⁶	85,680
In a two-parent family	61,310
In a one-parent family	24,370
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	86,935
Living alone	50,100
Living with other relatives⁷	8,065
Living with non-relatives only	28,770
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	154,885
One-census-family households without additional persons	84,825
Couple-family households	71,745
With children⁶	32,225
Without children	39,520
One-parent-family households	13,080
Multigenerational households⁸	2,690
Multiple-census-family households⁹	570
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	4,220
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	12,480
One-person households	50,100
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	294,555
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	284,365
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	284,525
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	257,860
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	211,315
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	221,740
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,625
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,230
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	294,560
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	284,230
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	284,385
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	258,100
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	211,155
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	221,440
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,475
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,080
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	294,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	105,615
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	81,585
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	294,550
Without total income	10,190
With total income	284,365
Under $10,000 (including loss)	23,165
$10,000 to $19,999	31,710
$20,000 to $29,999	44,600
$30,000 to $39,999	38,470
$40,000 to $49,999	33,685
$50,000 to $59,999	26,450
$60,000 to $69,999	20,750
$70,000 to $79,999	16,040
$80,000 to $89,999	13,580
$90,000 to $99,999	9,930
$100,000 and over	25,975
$100,000 to $149,999	17,755
$150,000 and over	8,220
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	294,550
Without after-tax income	10,025
With after-tax income	284,525
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,850
$10,000 to $19,999	33,695
$20,000 to $29,999	53,130
$30,000 to $39,999	47,680
$40,000 to $49,999	38,540
$50,000 to $59,999	28,475
$60,000 to $69,999	20,650
$70,000 to $79,999	13,565
$80,000 to $89,999	7,950
$90,000 to $99,999	4,690
$100,000 and over	11,305
$100,000 to $124,999	5,670
$125,000 and over	5,635
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	294,550
Without employment income	83,235
With employment income	211,315
Under $5,000 (including loss)	27,545
$5,000 to $9,999	17,425
$10,000 to $19,999	25,875
$20,000 to $29,999	20,930
$30,000 to $39,999	20,295
$40,000 to $49,999	19,860
$50,000 to $59,999	16,495
$60,000 to $69,999	13,710
$70,000 to $79,999	11,660
$80,000 to $89,999	10,535
$90,000 to $99,999	7,810
$100,000 and over	19,165
$100,000 to $124,999	9,410
$125,000 and over	9,755
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	294,555
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	277,395
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	277,685
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	254,580
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	211,260
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	191,130
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20,655
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	294,560
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	277,290
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	277,575
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	254,670
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	210,810
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	191,050
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,200
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	294,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	104,760
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	76,460
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.4
Employment income (%)	71.6
Government transfers (%)	10.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	154,885
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	50,100
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	104,785
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	154,890
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	50,185
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,160
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	104,705
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,900
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	154,885
Under $5,000	2,355
$5,000 to $9,999	1,075
$10,000 to $14,999	2,945
$15,000 to $19,999	2,595
$20,000 to $24,999	6,220
$25,000 to $29,999	5,280
$30,000 to $34,999	5,455
$35,000 to $39,999	5,945
$40,000 to $44,999	6,360
$45,000 to $49,999	6,465
$50,000 to $59,999	12,435
$60,000 to $69,999	11,955
$70,000 to $79,999	11,130
$80,000 to $89,999	10,315
$90,000 to $99,999	9,345
$100,000 and over	55,000
$100,000 to $124,999	17,680
$125,000 to $149,999	12,335
$150,000 to $199,999	13,860
$200,000 and over	11,125
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	154,885
Under $5,000	2,620
$5,000 to $9,999	1,110
$10,000 to $14,999	3,005
$15,000 to $19,999	2,805
$20,000 to $24,999	6,870
$25,000 to $29,999	6,540
$30,000 to $34,999	6,940
$35,000 to $39,999	7,700
$40,000 to $44,999	7,715
$45,000 to $49,999	7,590
$50,000 to $59,999	15,120
$60,000 to $69,999	14,375
$70,000 to $79,999	12,855
$80,000 to $89,999	11,040
$90,000 to $99,999	9,150
$100,000 and over	39,440
$100,000 to $124,999	16,550
$125,000 to $149,999	10,145
$150,000 and over	12,745
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	94,480
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	40,610
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	35,090
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15,350
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	78,870
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	94,290
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40,430
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35,140
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,500
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,315
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,650
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	79,010
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	344,675
0 to 17 years	59,800
0 to 5 years	19,025
18 to 64 years	227,775
65 years and over	57,105
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	45,180
0 to 17 years	9,940
0 to 5 years	3,465
18 to 64 years	27,650
65 years and over	7,590
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.1
0 to 17 years (%)	16.6
0 to 5 years (%)	18.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1
65 years and over (%)	13.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	344,470
0 to 17 years	59,770
0 to 5 years	19,015
18 to 64 years	227,695
65 years and over	57,000
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	22,765
0 to 17 years	3,730
0 to 5 years	1,185
18 to 64 years	17,860
65 years and over	1,170
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8
65 years and over (%)	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	344,675
In bottom half of the distribution	191,740
In bottom decile	44,925
In second decile	39,035
In third decile	36,835
In fourth decile	35,845
In fifth decile	35,095
In top half of the distribution	152,930
In sixth decile	33,875
In seventh decile	33,040
In eighth decile	32,210
In ninth decile	28,670
In top decile	25,140
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	344,670
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.337
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.292
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	345,840
English only	300,065
French only	270
English and French	43,045
Neither English nor French	2,455
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	345,840
English	334,095
French	8,020
English and French	1,415
Neither English nor French	2,310
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	345,840
Single responses	335,340
Official languages	292,160
English	284,140
French	8,020
Non-official languages	43,175
Indigenous languages³⁹	70
Algonquian languages	65
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	5
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	50
Mi'kmaq	50
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	43,105
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,745
Berber languages	15
Kabyle	10
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	245
Bilen	0
Oromo	80
Somali	165
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	7,485
Amharic	160
Arabic	6,900
Aramaic languages	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	15
Harari	0
Hebrew	170
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	230
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	720
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	705
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,570
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55
Cebuano	155
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	45
Ilocano	70
Indonesian	40
Kankanaey	5
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,120
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45
Creole languages	75
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	10
Morisyen	25
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	2,390
Kannada	75
Malayalam	1,165
Tamil	465
Telugu	680
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	18,525
Albanian	310
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	2,750
Baltic languages	30
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	2,715
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	30
Czech	95
Macedonian	15
Polish	520
Russian	1,315
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	450
Bosnian	110
Croatian	165
Serbian	160
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20
Slovak	60
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	200
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	30
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5
Germanic languages	1,520
Frisian	5
High German languages	875
German	825
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	35
Yiddish	15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	445
Afrikaans	105
Dutch	330
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	205
Danish	65
Icelandic	25
Norwegian	40
Swedish	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	580
Indo-Iranian languages	9,800
Indo-Aryan languages	8,210
Assamese	10
Bengali	795
Gujarati	990
Hindi	1,635
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	15
Marathi	165
Nepali	390
Oriya languages	10
Odia	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,135
Rohingya	5
Sindhi	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	180
Urdu	815
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25
Iranian languages	1,590
Baluchi	5
Kurdish	205
Parsi	0
Pashto	95
Persian languages	1,285
Dari	175
Iranian Persian	1,010
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	105
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	3,510
Catalan	5
Italian	470
Portuguese	1,010
Romanian	215
Spanish	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	270
Korean	1,955
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	870
Akan (Twi)	60
Bamanankan	10
Edo	20
Éwé	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	10
Ganda	30
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	85
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	5
Ndebele	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	45
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	185
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	185
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95
Nilo-Saharan languages	120
Dinka	30
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	115
American Sign Language	95
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,020
Chinese languages	7,000
Hakka	10
Mandarin	5,745
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60
Wu (Shanghainese)	30
Yue (Cantonese)	965
Chinese, n.o.s.	180
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	90
Lao	5
Thai	80
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	425
Azerbaijani	20
Kazakh	0
Turkish	310
Uyghur	10
Uzbek	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	205
Estonian	20
Finnish	30
Hungarian	145
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Multiple responses	10,505
English and French	2,725
English and non-official language(s)	6,755
French and non-official language(s)	225
English, French and non-official language(s)	285
Multiple non-official languages	515
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	345,840
English	288,205
French	1,795
Non-official language	12,530
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	12,520
English and French	6,900
English and non-official language(s)	33,460
French and non-official language(s)	140
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,760
Multiple non-official languages	1,040
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	345,840
Single responses	336,340
Official languages	309,415
English	306,665
French	2,750
Non-official languages	26,925
Indigenous languages³⁹	20
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20
Mi'kmaq	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,900
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,940
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	185
Bilen	0
Oromo	45
Somali	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	4,750
Amharic	100
Arabic	4,350
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10
Harari	0
Hebrew	120
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	515
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,470
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30
Cebuano	90
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	35
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,260
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	40
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	5
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	1,670
Kannada	30
Malayalam	885
Tamil	340
Telugu	405
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	10,495
Albanian	135
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,340
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	1,335
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	35
Macedonian	0
Polish	150
Russian	835
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	205
Bosnian	45
Croatian	65
Serbian	85
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	85
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	275
Frisian	0
High German languages	140
German	135
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90
Afrikaans	50
Dutch	40
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	45
Danish	15
Icelandic	15
Norwegian	0
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	235
Indo-Iranian languages	6,760
Indo-Aryan languages	5,635
Assamese	0
Bengali	525
Gujarati	605
Hindi	1,035
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	80
Nepali	310
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,435
Rohingya	5
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	100
Urdu	495
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	1,125
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	155
Parsi	0
Pashto	50
Persian languages	920
Dari	125
Iranian Persian	730
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,735
Catalan	0
Italian	120
Portuguese	645
Romanian	90
Spanish	875
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	85
Korean	1,570
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	340
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	5
Edo	5
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	15
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	90
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	90
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	75
Dinka	20
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	175
American Sign Language	155
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,195
Chinese languages	5,195
Hakka	0
Mandarin	4,495
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	25
Yue (Cantonese)	535
Chinese, n.o.s.	115
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50
Lao	0
Thai	50
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	215
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	150
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	45
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	55
Estonian	5
Finnish	5
Hungarian	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	9,500
English and French	1,120
English and non-official language(s)	8,020
French and non-official language(s)	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	160
Multiple non-official languages	125
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	345,840
None	310,195
English	12,175
French	5,325
Non-official language	13,320
Indigenous³⁹	75
Non-Indigenous	13,245
English and French	250
English and non-official language(s)	1,890
French and non-official language(s)	865
English, French and non-official language(s)	55
Multiple non-official languages	1,770
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	344,685
Official languages	342,235
English	341,950
French	43,090
Non-official languages	62,230
Indigenous languages³⁹	255
Algonquian languages	210
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	25
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	170
Mi'kmaq	170
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	25
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	20
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	10
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	10
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	62,005
Afro-Asiatic languages	11,465
Berber languages	35
Kabyle	10
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	25
Hausa	25
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	295
Bilen	0
Oromo	100
Somali	195
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	11,185
Amharic	220
Arabic	10,285
Aramaic languages	60
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35
Harari	0
Hebrew	620
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	150
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	975
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	3,870
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	140
Cebuano	245
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	40
Ilocano	170
Indonesian	100
Kankanaey	30
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	10
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10
Malay	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,600
Waray-Waray	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145
Creole languages	420
Haitian Creole	35
Jamaican English Creole	50
Krio	15
Morisyen	100
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	95
Creole languages, n.i.e.	135
Dravidian languages	3,615
Kannada	330
Malayalam	1,570
Tamil	1,225
Telugu	1,090
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	28,980
Albanian	460
Armenian	40
Balto-Slavic languages	3,720
Baltic languages	70
Latvian	35
Lithuanian	35
Slavic languages	3,660
Belarusian	20
Bulgarian	70
Czech	140
Macedonian	40
Polish	625
Russian	2,025
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	690
Bosnian	200
Croatian	320
Serbian	330
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30
Slovak	85
Slovene (Slovenian)	30
Ukrainian	350
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	295
Irish	120
Scottish Gaelic	130
Welsh	35
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25
Germanic languages	3,320
Frisian	10
High German languages	2,330
German	2,305
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	25
Yiddish	20
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	750
Afrikaans	180
Dutch	565
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	395
Danish	125
Icelandic	40
Norwegian	140
Swedish	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	910
Indo-Iranian languages	13,785
Indo-Aryan languages	12,000
Assamese	0
Bengali	1,115
Gujarati	1,245
Hindi	7,870
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	65
Marathi	365
Nepali	415
Oriya languages	35
Odia	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,875
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	310
Urdu	1,495
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70
Iranian languages	1,930
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	355
Parsi	0
Pashto	155
Persian languages	1,435
Dari	150
Iranian Persian	1,175
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	130
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25
Italic (Romance) languages	7,395
Catalan	25
Italian	1,205
Portuguese	1,280
Romanian	245
Spanish	5,190
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	35
Japanese	920
Korean	2,305
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,745
Akan (Twi)	155
Bamanankan	25
Edo	30
Éwé	65
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30
Ga	45
Ganda	90
Gikuyu	15
Igbo	415
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115
Lingala	100
Luba-Kasai	25
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	45
Shona	115
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10
Swahili	625
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	45
Yoruba	960
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	390
Nilo-Saharan languages	370
Dinka	110
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	255
African, n.o.s.	10
Sign languages	880
American Sign Language	785
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	110
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,135
Chinese languages	8,070
Hakka	35
Mandarin	7,100
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95
Wu (Shanghainese)	55
Yue (Cantonese)	1,365
Chinese, n.o.s.	195
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	60
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	45
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	115
Lao	10
Thai	110
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	840
Azerbaijani	45
Kazakh	0
Turkish	600
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	140
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	70
Uralic languages	240
Estonian	15
Finnish	65
Hungarian	155
Other languages, n.i.e.	230
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	344,680
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	12,505
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,585
Métis	4,735
Inuk (Inuit)	455
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	340
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	385
Non-Indigenous identity	332,180
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	344,680
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,905
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	341,780
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	154,890
Owner	76,940
Renter	77,935
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	15
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	154,890
Condominium	12,170
Not condominium	142,720
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	154,890
No bedrooms	1,390
1 bedroom	28,155
2 bedrooms	46,165
3 bedrooms	48,495
4 or more bedrooms	30,685
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	154,890
1 to 4 rooms	55,070
5 rooms	22,685
6 rooms	19,975
7 rooms	17,505
8 or more rooms	39,655
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	154,890
One person or fewer per room	152,090
More than one person per room	2,805
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	154,890
Suitable	146,900
Not suitable	7,995
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	154,890
1960 or before	29,340
1961 to 1980	42,730
1981 to 1990	22,410
1991 to 2000	20,090
2001 to 2005	10,240
2006 to 2010	9,390
2011 to 2015	9,145
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	11,555
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	154,890
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	145,285
Major repairs needed	9,605
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	154,890
One-maintainer household	79,995
Two-maintainer household	67,985
Three-or-more-maintainer household	6,915
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	154,890
15 to 24 years	8,725
25 to 34 years	29,105
35 to 44 years	26,450
45 to 54 years	24,595
55 to 64 years	27,945
65 to 74 years	22,225
75 to 84 years	11,790
85 years and over	4,065
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	154,675
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	116,990
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	37,685
30% to less than 100%	32,580
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	154,890
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	49,925
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	32,990
Not suitable only	5,570
Major repairs needed only	6,135
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,760
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	2,810
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	540
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125
Acceptable housing	104,965
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	149,575
In core need	20,215
Not in core need	129,350
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	76,930
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.5
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,424
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	352,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	412,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	77,830
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.1
% in core housing need⁶³	22.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,258
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	15
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	344,685
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,755
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,630
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,770
Métis single ancestry	685
Inuit single ancestry	180
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	120
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	13,985
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	13,695
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	9,810
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,435
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	450
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	285
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	326,950
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	344,685
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	306,890
Canadian citizens aged under 18	53,725
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	253,165
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	37,790
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	344,685
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	282,575
Immigrants⁸¹	45,390
Before 1980	6,805
1980 to 1990	2,835
1991 to 2000	4,265
2001 to 2010	8,090
2011 to 2021⁸²	23,405
2011 to 2015	6,155
2016 to 2021	17,245
Non-permanent residents⁸³	16,715
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	45,395
Under 5 years	5,105
5 to 14 years	8,370
15 to 24 years	6,310
25 to 44 years	22,270
45 years and over	3,335
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	45,395
Americas	5,815
Brazil	325
Colombia	185
El Salvador	45
Guyana	145
Haiti	20
Jamaica	550
Mexico	220
Peru	75
Trinidad and Tobago	200
United States of America	2,895
Other places of birth in Americas	1,160
Europe	10,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	205
Croatia	165
France	220
Germany	610
Greece	270
Hungary	95
Italy	280
Netherlands	300
Poland	485
Portugal	140
Romania	220
Russian Federation	560
Serbia⁸⁶	115
Ukraine	440
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,745
Other places of birth in Europe	1,405
Africa	5,500
Algeria	60
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	250
Egypt	880
Eritrea	120
Ethiopia	245
Morocco	115
Nigeria	1,625
Somalia	130
South Africa, Republic of	285
Other places of birth in Africa	1,790
Asia	23,485
Afghanistan	125
Iran⁸⁸	950
Iraq	405
Lebanon	1,265
Syria⁸⁹	2,065
Turkey	265
China⁹⁰	3,560
Hong Kong⁹¹	250
Korea, South⁹²	975
Taiwan	130
Philippines	3,240
Viet Nam	570
Bangladesh	510
India	4,680
Pakistan	775
Sri Lanka	315
Other places of birth in Asia	3,400
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	330
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	17,245
Americas	1,450
Brazil	220
Colombia	30
Haiti	0
Jamaica	240
Mexico	45
United States of America	495
Venezuela⁹⁵	25
Other places of birth in Americas	395
Europe	1,310
France	65
Germany	45
Ireland⁹⁶	55
Italy	0
Russian Federation	160
Ukraine	205
United Kingdom⁸⁷	430
Other places of birth in Europe	340
Africa	3,095
Algeria	0
Burundi	20
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	160
Côte d'Ivoire	40
Egypt	350
Eritrea	50
Ethiopia	95
Morocco	45
Nigeria	1,405
Somalia	95
South Africa, Republic of	85
Sudan⁹⁷	155
Tunisia	20
Other places of birth in Africa	560
Asia	11,315
Afghanistan	30
Bangladesh	340
China⁹⁰	1,830
Hong Kong⁹¹	30
India	3,195
Iran⁸⁸	205
Iraq	90
Israel	135
Japan	25
Jordan	150
Korea, South⁹²	460
Lebanon	125
Nepal	60
Pakistan	330
Philippines	1,525
Saudi Arabia	215
Sri Lanka	60
Syria⁸⁹	1,810
Turkey	90
United Arab Emirates	105
Viet Nam	185
Other places of birth in Asia	320
Oceania and other⁹³	65
Australia	45
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	344,680
First generation¹⁰⁰	66,250
Second generation¹⁰¹	36,060
Third generation or more¹⁰²	242,370
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	38,590
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25,050
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,375
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	14,680
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,280
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,950
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	315
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	38,590
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	795
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,975
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,615
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,960
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	260
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	26,990
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	344,680
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	67,805
South Asian	16,350
Chinese	9,215
Black	17,655
Filipino	4,150
Arab	9,220
Latin American	2,085
Southeast Asian	1,760
West Asian	1,650
Korean	2,325
Japanese	690
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	695
Multiple visible minorities	2,005
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	276,880
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	344,685
Canadian	44,475
English	76,375
Irish	72,955
Scottish	81,330
French, n.o.s.¹²²	39,510
German	29,350
Chinese	9,005
Italian	7,105
Indian (India)	10,585
Ukrainian	4,465
Dutch	8,780
Polish	4,730
Québécois	905
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	13,025
Filipino	3,810
French Canadian	2,640
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	19,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,060
Métis	4,470
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	16,655
Russian	2,275
Norwegian	2,405
Welsh	7,085
Portuguese	1,505
American	2,885
Spanish	2,155
Swedish	1,720
Hungarian	1,365
Acadian	14,990
Pakistani	1,020
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	4,850
Jewish	2,110
Punjabi	1,190
Vietnamese	1,075
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,970
Greek	1,895
Jamaican	1,125
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,075
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	405
Korean	2,045
Romanian	670
Lebanese	4,310
Iranian	1,045
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	930
Danish	1,420
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,975
Sikh	780
Austrian	880
Belgian	940
Haitian	75
Hindu	1,210
Mexican	530
Mennonite	160
Swiss	1,045
Finnish	620
Sri Lankan	375
Croatian	500
Japanese	770
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	825
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	4,835
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,430
Muslim	680
Egyptian	1,165
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	600
Tamil	330
Icelandic	360
Colombian	365
Moroccan	230
Czech	540
Syrian	1,820
Guyanese	310
Afghan	215
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,275
Serbian	290
Ojibway	185
Newfoundlander	2,795
Hong Konger	180
Ontarian	510
Persian	350
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	335
Turkish	560
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	685
Bangladeshi	675
Algerian	35
Brazilian	510
Nigerian	925
Armenian	185
Slovak	290
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	770
Somali	200
Taiwanese	200
Iraqi	265
Salvadorean	55
African Caribbean	620
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	445
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	1,640
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	335
Algonquin	95
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	340
Lithuanian	315
South African	320
Australian	295
Palestinian	695
Chilean	175
Congolese	350
Nova Scotian	7,200
Ethiopian	290
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	195
Peruvian	105
Yoruba	850
Cambodian (Khmer)	60
Berber	50
Albanian	465
Maltese	215
Macedonian	105
Slovenian	130
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	925
New Brunswicker	680
Gujarati	245
Eritrean	135
African Canadian	3,100
Israeli	355
Mohawk	175
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	135
Bulgarian	210
Albertan	100
Ghanaian	175
Barbadian	450
African American	560
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	135
Tunisian	60
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	205
Cuban	190
Bosnian	240
Venezuelan	125
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	70
Latvian	200
Bengali	185
Cameroonian	40
Guatemalan	60
Indonesian	195
Laotian	10
Ilocano	65
Northern Irish	205
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	780
British Columbian	90
Ecuadorian	75
Franco Ontarian	65
Argentinian	65
Estonian	180
Kurdish	270
Fijian	0
Jatt	65
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	290
Coptic	45
Thai	145
Dominican	85
Nepali	215
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	25
Igbo	310
Byelorussian	130
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	160
Abenaki	80
Moldovan	25
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	115
New Zealander	160
Sudanese	110
Breton	30
Pennsylvania Dutch	60
Malaysian	120
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	130
Huron (Wendat)	40
Saskatchewanian	60
Buddhist	85
Gaspesian	0
Norman	85
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65
Ivorian	10
Saulteaux	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40
Burundian	30
Tigrinya	35
Nicaraguan	30
Mauritian	80
Kenyan	210
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	10
Jordanian	170
Manitoban	50
Cape Bretoner	1,585
Rwandan	90
Grenadian	30
Malayali	155
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	70
Mayan	45
Honduran	15
Cherokee	155
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	370
Indo-Caribbean	95
Flemish	105
United Empire Loyalist	135
Senegalese	10
Azerbaijani	60
Sicilian	40
Pashtun	60
Malay	90
Goan	30
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	45
Tibetan	20
Zimbabwean	115
Burmese	80
Mongolian	125
Azorean	15
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	20
Ugandan	95
Oromo	115
Tanzanian	35
Yemeni	160
Central African	30
Libyan	400
Basque	100
Uruguayan	20
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	60
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	170
Igorot	115
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	40
Prince Edward Islander	375
Maliseet	70
Beninese	15
Telugu	110
Roma	75
Costa Rican	10
African Nova Scotian	1,985
Malagasy	15
Kashmiri	25
Singaporean	25
Karen	0
Edo	35
Tajik	15
Amhara	30
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	344,680
Buddhist	1,870
Christian	177,525
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	18,695
Anabaptist	90
Anglican	25,305
Baptist	11,720
Catholic	79,985
Christian Orthodox	3,395
Jehovah's Witness	1,110
Latter Day Saints	560
Lutheran	1,125
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,645
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,125
Presbyterian	3,130
Reformed	180
United Church	20,905
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	6,555
Hindu	6,765
Jewish	1,475
Muslim	13,010
Sikh	3,430
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	145
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,930
No religion and secular perspectives	137,535
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	341,630
Non-movers	284,800
Movers	56,830
Non-migrants	39,145
Migrants	17,685
Internal migrants	13,985
Intraprovincial migrants	3,390
Interprovincial migrants	10,600
External migrants	3,695
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	329,115
Non-movers	175,115
Movers	154,000
Non-migrants	86,080
Migrants	67,920
Internal migrants	41,670
Intraprovincial migrants	12,645
Interprovincial migrants	29,015
External migrants	26,250
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	294,560
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	37,925
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	256,635
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	192,760
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,740
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	178,010
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	294,555
No certificate, diploma or degree	33,775
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	73,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	186,805
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	81,105
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,100
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,825
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,275
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	56,325
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,675
Bachelor's degree or higher	105,700
Bachelor's degree	68,765
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,955
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,635
Master's degree	24,300
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	4,040
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	192,755
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,565
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	40,255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	139,930
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	56,670
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,255
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,405
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,855
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	40,790
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,620
Bachelor's degree or higher	83,265
Bachelor's degree	53,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,620
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,090
Master's degree	19,815
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,985
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	294,560
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	107,750
Education	11,380
13. Education	11,380
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	810
50. Visual and performing arts	5,495
Humanities	10,805
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	625
23. English language and literature/letters	3,240
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,325
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	295
38. Philosophy and religious studies	830
39. Theology and religious vocations	850
54. History	2,075
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,215
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	370
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,530
22. Legal professions and studies	3,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	590
42. Psychology	4,910
45. Social sciences	7,785
Business, management and public administration	44,575
30.16 Accounting and computer science	80
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,855
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	41,645
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10,185
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,710
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,290
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	195
40. Physical sciences	2,805
41. Science technologies/technicians	185
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,515
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,545
25. Library science	745
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,040
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	185
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30,880
04. Architecture and related services	1,070
14. Engineering	9,340
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	7,410
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	6,055
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,650
48. Precision production	2,350
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,745
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,450
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,295
Health and related fields	26,255
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,910
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	23,250
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	90
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,000
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,900
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,925
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	170
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	305
43. Security and protective services	1,500
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,005
Other¹⁷⁹	45
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	192,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	52,825
Education	7,330
13. Education	7,330
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,195
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	680
50. Visual and performing arts	4,515
Humanities	8,070
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	490
23. English language and literature/letters	2,530
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,725
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	215
38. Philosophy and religious studies	630
39. Theology and religious vocations	550
54. History	1,535
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,505
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	285
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,395
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,840
22. Legal professions and studies	2,605
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	440
42. Psychology	3,885
45. Social sciences	6,045
Business, management and public administration	33,080
30.16 Accounting and computer science	60
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,100
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30,925
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,430
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,635
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	180
40. Physical sciences	1,985
41. Science technologies/technicians	85
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,570
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,145
25. Library science	535
27. Mathematics and statistics	720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	170
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	22,775
04. Architecture and related services	855
14. Engineering	7,105
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,335
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	4,505
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,280
48. Precision production	1,690
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,275
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,170
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,110
Health and related fields	19,430
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,450
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	17,135
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	80
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	755
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,345
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,390
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	115
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	200
43. Security and protective services	1,160
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,475
Other¹⁷⁹	40
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	192,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	139,935
Location of study inside Canada	119,665
Same as province or territory of residence	88,685
Different than province or territory of residence	30,990
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20,265
Americas	3,930
United States of America	2,625
Mexico	215
Cuba	65
Haiti	0
Jamaica	185
Brazil	385
Colombia	135
Peru	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	40
Other locations of study in Americas	250
Europe	3,965
Belgium	45
France	165
Germany	180
Netherlands	75
Switzerland	50
Hungary	25
Moldova¹⁸³	10
Poland	90
Romania	80
Russian Federation	310
Ukraine	230
Ireland⁹⁶	140
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,970
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20
Italy	55
Serbia⁸⁶	50
Other locations of study in Europe	455
Africa	1,775
Nigeria	655
Algeria	0
Morocco	40
Tunisia	15
Egypt	500
South Africa, Republic of	165
Other locations of study in Africa	395
Asia	10,175
Iran⁸⁸	365
Iraq	105
Israel	230
Lebanon	250
Syria⁸⁹	230
Turkey	120
China⁹⁰	1,245
Taiwan	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	70
Japan	125
Korea, South⁹²	770
Philippines	1,775
Viet Nam	150
Bangladesh	205
Sri Lanka	120
India	3,670
Pakistan	275
Other locations of study in Asia	425
Oceania	425
Australia	350
New Zealand	75
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	294,555
In the labour force	193,950
Employed	170,900
Unemployed	23,050
Not in the labour force	100,610
Participation rate	65.8
Employment rate	58.0
Unemployment rate	11.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	294,560
Did not work¹⁸⁶	99,435
Worked	195,125
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	108,545
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	86,585
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	193,945
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,050
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	189,900
Employee	170,220
Permanent position	140,260
Temporary position	29,960
Fixed term (1 year or more)	11,280
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	18,685
Self-employed¹⁹²	19,680
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	193,945
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,050
All occupations¹⁹¹	189,900
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	2,505
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	34,740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	18,350
3 Health occupations	17,360
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	28,825
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,945
6 Sales and service occupations	51,550
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	24,720
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,570
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,330
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	193,945
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,050
All industries¹⁹¹	189,900
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	810
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	485
22 Utilities	1,515
23 Construction	11,190
31-33 Manufacturing	7,590
41 Wholesale trade	4,740
44-45 Retail trade	21,785
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	8,270
51 Information and cultural industries	4,950
52 Finance and insurance	10,185
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,440
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,455
55 Management of companies and enterprises	285
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	9,585
61 Educational services	16,325
62 Health care and social assistance	26,605
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,930
72 Accommodation and food services	13,055
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,170
91 Public administration	19,520
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	208,465
English	198,285
French	880
Non-official language	575
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	575
English and French	5,450
English and non-official language(s)	3,070
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	185
Multiple non-official languages	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	208,465
Single responses	207,280
Official languages	206,195
English	204,710
French	1,485
Non-official languages	1,085
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,085
Afro-Asiatic languages	115
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	115
Amharic	0
Arabic	110
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	30
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	10
Kannada	0
Malayalam	10
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	230
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	25
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	20
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Scottish Gaelic	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	30
Frisian	0
High German languages	25
German	25
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	85
Indo-Aryan languages	65
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	30
Romanian	0
Spanish	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	35
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	30
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	25
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	50
American Sign Language	40
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	510
Chinese languages	510
Hakka	0
Mandarin	415
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	80
Chinese, n.o.s.	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,185
English and French	600
English and non-official language(s)	575
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	208,465
None	200,860
English	1,095
French	4,255
Non-official language	1,905
Indigenous³⁹	35
Non-Indigenous	1,870
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	160
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	170,895
Worked at home	48,800
Worked outside Canada	515
No fixed workplace address	18,435
Usual place of work	103,145
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	103,145
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	100,055
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,135
Commute to a different province or territory	880
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	121,585
Car, truck or van	94,970
Car, truck or van - as a driver	85,095
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	9,875
Public transit	12,080
Walked	10,480
Bicycle	1,115
Other method	2,935
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	121,585
Less than 15 minutes	40,490
15 to 29 minutes	55,140
30 to 44 minutes	17,660
45 to 59 minutes	3,830
60 minutes and over	4,460
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	121,585
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	22,995
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35,445
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	27,070
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	14,860
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15,970
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	60,905
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,270
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	54,630
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	44,115
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,655
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,015
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,640
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	39,455

Symbol legend

^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 27, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table